WO2017145374A1 - 鉄道車両用火災検知システム - Google Patents
鉄道車両用火災検知システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017145374A1 WO2017145374A1 PCT/JP2016/055871 JP2016055871W WO2017145374A1 WO 2017145374 A1 WO2017145374 A1 WO 2017145374A1 JP 2016055871 W JP2016055871 W JP 2016055871W WO 2017145374 A1 WO2017145374 A1 WO 2017145374A1
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- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- fire
- sub
- energization circuit
- main
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D37/00—Other furniture or furnishings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0081—On-board diagnosis or maintenance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fire detection system for a railway vehicle, and more particularly to a fire detection system for a railway vehicle that detects a fire of a heat generating device built in a box mounted on the railway vehicle.
- Railway vehicles are equipped with storage batteries for the purpose of securing emergency power supplies.
- a storage battery is normally stored in a storage battery box placed under the floor, and heat is generated and gas is generated during operation. And when the fire from a storage battery generate
- the fire detection sensors 102 are provided at a plurality of locations in the storage battery box 100, the fire detection sensors close to the fire position will cause a fire regardless of the fire position. It becomes possible to capture at an early point. On the other hand, with the increase in the number of fire detection sensors 102, it becomes easier to attract false detections such as detecting temperature changes such as sunlight.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the object of the present invention is to detect a railcar fire detection system that detects a fire of a heating device built in a box mounted on a railcar. It is to improve the system.
- a fire detection unit for detecting a fire of the heat generating device built in a box mounted on a railway vehicle, a fire detection unit for detecting a fire of the heat generating device, and a fire by the fire detection unit
- a fire alarm unit that operates in response to detection, and the fire detection unit is energized due to a fire of the heat-generating device arranged in parallel to the main energization circuit and the main energization circuit.
- a sub-energization circuit, and a switch unit that cuts off the main energization circuit and the sub-energization circuit when energized by the sub-energization circuit, wherein the main energization circuit and the switch unit are affected by the heat of the heat generating device.
- the fire alarm system is provided with a fire alarm circuit that is disposed in a place where the fire alarm unit is not directly received, and that is interrupted at a normal time and is energized when the main energization circuit is interrupted (Claim 1). .
- the railcar fire detection system described in this section is normal, that is, in a state where there is no fire in the heat generating device (or in a state where the influence of heat from the fire of the heat generating device does not reach the inside of the box)
- the main energization circuit of the fire detection unit is energized. During this time, the fire notification circuit of the fire notification unit is shut off and the fire notification unit is in an inoperative state.
- the fire notification unit operates when the main power supply circuit and the sub-energization circuit are shut off by the switch unit when the sub-energization circuit is energized. Even so, the main power supply circuit and the auxiliary energization circuit are cut off due to disappearance, and the fire alarm circuit is energized. Therefore, the fire alarm unit is configured to operate reliably.
- the main energization circuit and the switch unit are arranged in a place not directly affected by the heat of the heat generating device, the main energization circuit and the sub energization circuit are received by energization of the sub energization circuit in the switch unit There is no risk that the main energizing circuit and the switch part will be burned out by fire before shutting off.
- the sub-energization circuit is a pair of parallel conductors insulated from each other by a covering layer, and is wired inside the box, and the covering is caused by a temperature rise inside the box.
- a railcar fire detection system comprising a short-circuit induction wire configured to short-circuit the pair of parallel conductors by melting of a layer (Claim 2).
- the railcar fire detection system described in this section includes a short-circuit induction wiring in the sub-energization circuit, and the short-circuit induction wiring is short-circuited due to a temperature rise inside the box due to a fire of a heating device.
- the sub-energization circuit is energized.
- the short circuit induction wiring can be laid so as to cover the entire inner surface of the box. And by laying in that way, the short circuit induction wiring exists in the vicinity of the fire place regardless of the fire place. And the coating layer of the part located in the vicinity of the fire-out place of a short circuit induction wiring will receive a temperature rise, will fuse
- the switch section includes a main normally open contact disposed in series with the main energization circuit, a sub normally open contact disposed in series with the sub energization circuit,
- a fire detection system for a railway vehicle that is arranged in series with the sub-energization circuit and includes a first circuit breaker that switches the main normally-open contact and the sub-normally-open contact to a cut-off position by energization of the sub-energization circuit (claim) Item 3).
- the main energization circuit is normally energized and the sub-energization circuit is not energized at normal times.
- the main normally open contact arranged in series with the main energization circuit and the sub normally open contact arranged in series with the sub energization circuit are switched to the interruption position by the first circuit breaker. Rather, both the main normally open contact and the sub normally open contact are maintained in the conducting position. In this way, the main energization circuit is not interrupted at the switch portion in the normal state, and the main energization circuit is maintained in the conductive state.
- the sub-energization circuit arranged in parallel to the main energization circuit is also energized, so that the main normally open contact and the sub-normally open contact are interrupted by the first circuit breaker arranged in series with the sub energization circuit. Switch to position. As a result, both the main energization circuit and the sub-energization circuit are shut off, and as described in the above (1), the fire alarm circuit of the fire alarm unit is energized with the main energization circuit interrupted as a trigger, and the fire alarm unit is activated. .
- the fire reporting circuit includes a normally closed contact for operating a fire reporting unit, and the main energizing circuit is provided with the normally closed contact when the circuit is shut off.
- a railcar fire detection system comprising a second circuit breaker that switches to a connection position.
- the normally closed contact of the fire notification circuit is switched to the connection position by the second circuit breaker provided in the main energization circuit. . For this reason, the fire notification circuit is energized and the fire notification unit is activated.
- the ignitable heat generating device is a storage battery
- the box is a storage battery box.
- the ignitable heat generating device is a storage battery
- the fire of the storage battery built in the storage battery box that is a box is configured to be configured as described in (1) to (4) above. Is detected by
- the storage battery box includes a first section in which the storage battery and the auxiliary energization circuit are wired, a second section in which the switch unit is disposed, the first section, and the first section.
- a railcar fire detection system comprising a partition wall that insulates between two sections. In the railcar fire detection system described in this section, the secondary energization circuit similarly wired to the first section is energized due to the fire of the storage battery arranged in the first section of the storage battery box.
- the switch part is disposed in the second section insulated from the first section by the partition wall, before the main energization circuit and the sub-energization circuit are cut off by receiving the energization of the sub-energization circuit in the switch section. There is no risk of the switch unit itself being burnt down by a fire.
- the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to enhance the detection system of a railcar fire detection system that detects a fire of a heat generating device built in a box mounted on a railcar.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a circuit diagram of a railway vehicle including a railway vehicle fire detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a partial extract of the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1 and shows the flow of electricity during normal operation (when the fire alarm unit is not in operation).
- FIG. 2 is a partial extract of the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1 and shows the flow of electricity when a fire occurs.
- FIG. 2 is a partial extract of the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 1 and shows the flow of electricity when the fire alarm is activated.
- It is the three-dimensional perspective diagram which showed typically the mode of the storage battery box at the time of fire outbreak.
- (A) (b) is a three-dimensional perspective view which showed typically the mode of the storage battery box at the time of fire outbreak which concerns on a prior art.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a circuit configuration relating to the entire formation of a railway vehicle in which the railway vehicle fire detection system 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention is employed.
- a three-car train composed of electrically controlled vehicles Mc1 and Mc2 and a trailer vehicle T is provided.
- a storage battery box 12 is mounted on each of the electrically controlled vehicles Mc1 and Mc2, and a storage battery 14 is provided inside the storage battery box 12. Is stored.
- the railcar fire detection system 10 is provided in each of the electrically controlled vehicles Mc1 and Mc2 including the storage battery box 12.
- the railcar fire detection system 10 for the electric control vehicles Mc1 and Mc2 has the same configuration.
- the trailer vehicle T is also provided with the railcar fire detection system 10.
- the railcar fire detection system 10 includes a fire detection unit 16 that detects the fire of the storage battery 14 and a fire notification unit 18 that operates upon detection of a fire of the storage battery 14 by the fire detection unit 16.
- the fire detection unit 16 includes a main energization circuit 20 that is energized at normal times, a sub-energization circuit 22 that is arranged in parallel to the main energization circuit 20 and energized due to a fire of a heat-generating device, and a switch unit 24. It is out.
- the storage battery box 12 is divided into a first section 12a in which the storage battery 14 and the sub-energization circuit 22 are wired, and a second section 12b in which the switch unit 24 is arranged, and the first section 12a and the second section 12b.
- the space is insulated by a partition wall 12c having heat resistance such as a fire wall and low thermal conductivity. Further, the wall portion, bottom portion, and ceiling portion of the storage battery box 12 other than the partition wall 12c have the same heat resistance.
- the main energization circuit 20 is not wired to the first section 12a. Therefore, the main energization circuit 20 and the switch unit 24 are arranged in a place that is not directly affected by the heat caused by the fire of the storage battery 14. As will be described later, the switch unit 24 has a function of cutting off the main energization circuit 20 and the sub energization circuit 22 when energized by the sub energization circuit 22.
- the sub-energization circuit 22 includes a short-circuit induction wiring 26.
- the short-circuit induction wiring 26 is formed by spirally twisting a pair of parallel conductors 26 a and 26 b insulated from each other by a coating layer, and is wired inside the storage battery box 12. And when the temperature inside the storage battery box 12 rises by catching fire from the storage battery 14, the coating layer that insulates the pair of parallel conductors 26a, 26b is melted, and the pair of parallel conductors 26a, 26b are short-circuited, As a result of both ends of the short-circuit induction wiring 26 becoming conductive, the auxiliary energization circuit 22 is made conductive.
- the short-circuit induction wiring 26 is preferably laid so as to meander the inner surface of the storage battery box 12 and cover the entire inner surface, but at least a place that is most susceptible to the temperature rise due to the fire of the storage battery 14, For example, it shall be laid on the ceiling surface corresponding to the installation range of the storage battery 14.
- the switch unit 24 includes a main normally open contact 28 arranged in series with the main energization circuit 20, a sub normally open contact 30 arranged in series with the sub energization circuit 22, and a first arranged in series with the sub energization circuit 22.
- 1 circuit breaker 32 is included.
- the first circuit breaker 32 is for switching the main normally open contact 28 and the sub normally open contact 30 to the cut-off position by energization of the sub-energization circuit 22.
- the main normally open contact 28 and the sub normally open contact 30 are electromagnetic contacts
- the first circuit breaker 32 is an electromagnetic switch having a trip coil.
- the fire notification unit 18 is provided with a fire notification circuit 34 that is normally shut off and energized with the interruption of the main energization circuit 20 as a trigger.
- the fire notification circuit 34 includes a normally closed contact 36 for operating the fire notification unit 18.
- the fire notification circuit 34 includes a fire notification buzzer 38 installed in a driver's cab or the like as a fire notification means.
- the main energization circuit 20 is provided with a second circuit breaker 40 that interrupts the energization of the normally closed contact 36 at the time of interruption.
- an electromagnetic contact is used for the normally closed contact 36, and an electromagnetic switch having a trip coil is used for the second circuit breaker 40.
- positioned in FIG. Also good.
- the positions of the main normally open contact 28 and the sub-energization circuit 22 of the switch unit 24 and the first circuit breaker 32 in FIG. 1 may be exchanged up and down.
- the main energization circuit 20 is provided with a normally open contact 42. In conjunction with the normally open contact 42, the main energization circuit 20 is in a conductive state, that is, a normal state.
- a TEMS communication circuit 44 for transmitting information to (TEMS) is provided.
- a TEMS communication circuit 46 is provided in conjunction with the normally closed contact 36 of the fire notification circuit 34 to transmit information about an emergency, that is, a fire occurrence state, to the TEMS. Furthermore, a fire notification unit forced stop switch 48 forcibly shutting off the fire notification circuit 34 manually and a TEMS communication circuit 50 for transmitting information about the operation of the switch to the TEMS are provided.
- Reference numeral 52 in the figure denotes a circuit breaker, and reference numeral 54 denotes a ground switch. Both the main energization circuit 20 and the sub-energization circuit 22 described above are connected to the power source via the lead-in wires 56 and 58 of the vehicles Mc1 and Mc2.
- Reference numeral 60 denotes a lead-through line that constitutes a part of the fire alarm circuit 34.
- FIGS. 2-4 the specific numerical value in FIGS. 2-4 is an example to the last, and is not limited to this.
- the main energization circuit 20 of the fire detection unit 16 is energized (indicated by a thick line).
- the secondary normally open contact 30 arranged in series with the 22 is not switched to the cutoff position, and both the primary normally open contact 28 and the secondary normally open contact 30 are maintained in the conducting position.
- the main energization circuit 20 is not interrupted by the switch unit 24, and the main energization circuit 20 is maintained in a conductive state.
- the second circuit breaker 40 provided in the main energization circuit 20 is in an energized state, so that the second circuit breaker 40 is connected to the normally closed contact 36 of the fire notification circuit 34. Is energized I. For this reason, the normally closed contact 36 of the fire notification circuit 34 is maintained at the blocking position, and the fire notification buzzer 38 provided in the fire notification circuit 34 is in an inoperative state.
- the secondary energization circuit 22 arranged in parallel to the main energization circuit 20 is also energized (indicated by a thick line). Specifically, when the coating layer of the short-circuit induction wiring 26 of the secondary energization circuit 22 is melted by the influence of heat, the pair of parallel conductors 26a and 26b are short-circuited, and the secondary energization circuit 22 is energized. It will be.
- the switch unit 24 receives the energization of the sub-energization circuit 22, and the first circuit breaker 32 arranged in series with the sub-energization circuit 22 causes the main normally open contact 28 and the sub normally open circuit.
- the contact 30 is switched to the blocking position.
- both the main energization circuit 20 and the sub energization circuit 22 are cut off.
- the fire alarm circuit 34 of the fire alarm unit 18 is energized, and the fire alarm unit 18 is activated.
- the energization I from the second circuit breaker 40 provided in the main energization circuit 20 to the normally closed contact 36 of the fire notification circuit 34 is interrupted.
- the normally closed contact 36 of the fire notification circuit 34 is switched to the connection position, the fire notification circuit 34 is energized (indicated by a thick line), and the fire notification buzzer 38 is activated.
- the TEMS communication circuit 46 is energized in conjunction with the normally closed contact 36 of the fire alarm circuit 34, and the TEMS is notified of an emergency, that is, a fire occurrence state. Communicated.
- the fire alarm unit 18 is triggered by the energization of the sub-energization circuit 22 and the main power circuit 20 and the sub-energization circuit 22 by the switch unit 24. It operates in a state where is interrupted. Therefore, even if the main power supply circuit 20 or the auxiliary energization circuit 22 disappears due to a fire, the main power supply circuit 20 and the auxiliary energization circuit 22 are cut off due to the disappearance, and the fire alarm circuit 34 is energized. Therefore, the fire alarm unit 18 is configured to operate reliably.
- the short circuit induction wiring 26 similarly wired to the first section 12a is short-circuited, and the sub-energization circuit 22 is conducted.
- the short-circuit induction wiring 26 is laid so as to cover the entire inner surface of the storage battery box 14 (schematically shown in FIG. 5), so that the short-circuit induction wiring 26 is in the vicinity of the fire location F regardless of the fire location F.
- the short circuit induction wiring 26 exists. And the coating layer of the part located in the vicinity of a fire-out place of the short circuit induction wiring 26 will receive a temperature rise, will fuse
- the short-circuit induction wiring 26 the entire area of the inner surface of the storage battery box 14 can be a fire detection unit, and a fire can be detected at an early stage from the fire of the storage battery 12.
- the short-circuit induction wiring 26 is not in a conductive state unless it is short-circuited, erroneous detection such as detecting a temperature change such as sunshine cannot occur.
- the switch part 24 is arrange
- the switch unit 24 is energized by the sub-energization circuit 22 to receive the main energization circuit 20 and the sub-energization. Before the circuit 22 is shut off, there is no possibility that the switch section 24 itself is burned down by a fire.
- the second circuit breaker 40 of the main energization circuit 20 is also disposed in a place where it is not directly affected by the heat of the storage battery 14 due to the fire, so that the normally closed contact 36 of the fire notification circuit 34 is energized. There is no possibility that the second circuit breaker 40 will be burned down by a fire before the fire alarm buzzer 38 is activated. Therefore, according to the embodiment of the present invention, it becomes possible to improve the detection accuracy of the railcar fire detection system 10 that detects the fire of the heat generating device built in the box mounted on the railcar. .
- the storage battery built in the storage battery box has been described as an example of the heat generating device. However, the heat generating device that is built in the box and it is difficult to immediately check the fire by visual observation or the like. It will be understood that the present invention can also be applied as a fire detection system.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、図6(b)に示されるように、蓄電池箱100内の複数個所に火災検知センサ102を設けることとすれば、出火位置の如何に関わらず、出火位置に近い火災検知センサが出火を早い時点で捉えることが可能となる。その一方で、火災検知センサ102の数の増加に伴い、日照等の温度変化を検知する等の誤検知についても、誘引しやすくなる。
以下の発明の態様は、本発明の構成を例示するものであり、本発明の多様な構成の理解を容易にするために、項別けして説明するものである。各項は、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではなく、発明を実施するための最良の形態を参酌しつつ、各項の構成要素の一部を置換し、削除し、又は、更に他の構成要素を付加したものについても、本願発明の技術的範囲に含まれ得るものである。
火災報知部は、副通電回路の通電を契機として、スイッチ部により主電源回路及び副通電回路が遮断された状態で作動するものであることから、仮に主電源回路又は副通電回路が火災によって消失したとしても、主電源回路及び副通電回路は消失により遮断状態となり、火災報知回路は通電される。よって、火災報知部は確実に作動する構成となっている。又、主通電回路及びスイッチ部は発熱機器の熱の影響を直接的に受けない場所に配置されていることから、スイッチ部において、副通電回路の通電を受けて主通電回路及び副通電回路を遮断する前に、主通電回路及びスイッチ部が火災によって焼失する虞もない。
本項に記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システムは、副通電回路に短絡誘導配線を備え、この短絡誘導配線が、発熱機器の火災によって箱体内部の温度上昇が生じることで短絡する結果、上記(1)項の如く、副通電回路に通電されるものである。なお、短絡誘導配線は、箱体の内面全体をカバーするように敷設することが可能である。そして、そのように敷設されることで、出火場所の如何に関わらず、その出火場所の近傍に短絡誘導配線が存在することとなる。そして、短絡誘導配線の出火場所の近傍に位置する部分の被覆層が温度上昇を受けて溶融し、短絡することとなる。即ち、短絡誘導配線を用いることで、箱体内面の全域がいわば火災検知部となり得るものである。
本項に記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システムは、通常時には主通電回路が通電され、副通電回路は通電がなされていない状態にある。このため、スイッチ部において、第1遮断器により主通電回路と直列に配置された主常開接点と、副通電回路と直列に配置された副常開接点とが遮断位置へと切換えられることはなく、主常開接点及び副常開接点の双方は、導通位置に維持される。このように、通常時には主通電回路がスイッチ部において遮断されることはなく、主通電回路は導通状態に維持される。一方、非常時には主通電回路に対し並列に配置された副通電回路も通電されることで、副通電回路と直列に配置された第1遮断器により、主常開接点及び副常開接点が遮断位置へと切換えられる。その結果、主通電回路及び副通電回路の双方が遮断され、上記(1)項のごとく、主通電回路の遮断をトリガとして、火災報知部の火災報知回路が通電され、火災報知部が作動する。
本項に記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システムは、主通電回路が遮断されることにより、主通電回路に設けられた第2遮断器によって、火災通報回路の常閉接点が接続位置へと切換えられる。このため、火災通報回路が通電され、火災報知部が作動することとなる。
本項に記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システムは、発火性の発熱機器は蓄電池であり、箱体である蓄電池箱に内蔵された蓄電池の出火を、上記(1)から(4)項記載の構成によって検知するものである。
本項に記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システムは、蓄電池箱の第1区画に配置された蓄電池の出火に起因して、同じく第1区画に配線された副通電回路が通電される。一方、スイッチ部は、隔壁によって第1区画と断熱された第2区画に配置されていることから、スイッチ部において、副通電回路の通電を受けて主通電回路及び副通電回路を遮断する前に、スイッチ部自体が火災によって焼失する虞はない。
なお、短絡誘導配線26は、蓄電池箱12の内面を蛇行するようにして、内面全体カバーするように敷設されることが望ましいが、少なくとも蓄電池14の出火による温度上昇の影響を最も受けやすい場所、例えば、蓄電池14の設置範囲に対応する天井面に敷設されるものとする。
そして、主通電回路20には、遮断時に常閉接点36への通電を遮断する第2遮断器40が設けられている。一例として、常閉接点36には電磁接点が、第2遮断器40にはトリップコイルを備える電磁開閉器が用いられる。
その他、主通電回路20には常開接点42が設けられており、常開接点42に連動して、主通電回路20が導通状態即ち通常状態にあることを、鉄道車両の列車制御管理システム(TEMS)に情報伝達するためのTEMS通信回路44が設けられている。又、火災通報回路34の常閉接点36に連動して、非常時すなわち火災発生状態をTEMSに情報伝達するためのTEMS通信回路46が設けられている。更に、火災通報回路34を手動により強制的に遮断する火災通報部強制停止スイッチ48と、このスイッチが操作された状態をTEMSに情報伝達するためのTEMS通信回路50が設けられている。図中の符号52は遮断器、符号54は接地スイッチである。
上述した主通電回路20、副通電回路22は、いずれも各車両Mc1、Mc2の引き通し線56、58を介して、電源に接続されている。符号60は火災報知回路34の一部を構成する引き通し線である。
このとき、副通電回路22は通電がなされていない状態にあることから、スイッチ部24において、第1遮断器40により主通電回路20と直列に配置された主常開接点28と、副通電回路22と直列に配置された副常開接点30とが遮断位置へと切換えられることはなく、主常開接点28及び副常開接点30の双方は、導通位置に維持される。このように、通常時には主通電回路20がスイッチ部24において遮断されることはなく、主通電回路20は導通状態に維持される。
又、主通電回路20が通電された状態では、主通電回路20に設けられた第2遮断器40は通電状態にあることから、第2遮断器40から火災通報回路34の常閉接点36への通電Iがなされている。このため、火災通報回路34の常閉接点36は遮断位置に維持され、火災報知回路34に設けられた火災報知ブザ38は非作動状態にある。
具体的には、主通電回路20が遮断されることにより、主通電回路20に設けられた第2遮断器40から火災通報回路34の常閉接点36への通電Iが遮断される。このため、火災通報回路34の常閉接点36は接続位置へと切換わり、火災通報回路34が通電(太線で示す)され、火災報知ブザ38を作動させることとなる。図示の例では、火災報知ブザ38の作動と共に、火災通報回路34の常閉接点36に連動して、TEMS通信回路46に通電がなされ、非常時すなわち火災発生状態であることが、TEMSに情報伝達される。
又、蓄電池箱12は、第1区画12aに配置された蓄電池14の出火に起因して、同じく第1区画12aに配線された短絡誘導配線26が短絡し、副通電回路22が導通される。しかも、短絡誘導配線26は、蓄電池箱14の内面全体をカバーするように敷設されることにより(図5に模式的に示す)、出火場所Fの如何に関わらず、その出火場所Fの近傍に短絡誘導配線26が存在することとなる。そして、短絡誘導配線26の、出火場所の近傍に位置する部分の被覆層が温度上昇を受けて溶融し、短絡することとなる。よって、短絡誘導配線26を用いることで、蓄電池箱14の内面の全域がいわば火災検知部となり得るものであり、蓄電池12の出火から早期に火災を検知することが可能となる。一方、短絡誘導配線26は、短絡しない限り導通状態とならないことから、日照等の温度変化を検知する等の誤検知は生じ得ないものである。
よって、本発明の実施の形態によれば、鉄道車両に搭載された、箱体に内蔵される発熱機器の出火を検知する鉄道車両用火災検知システム10の、検知精度を高めることが可能となる。
なお、本発明の実施の形態では、発熱機器として蓄電池箱に内蔵された蓄電池を例に挙げて説明したが、箱体に内蔵されて出火を目視等によって直ちに確認することが困難な発熱機器の、火災検知システムとしても適用可能であることは、理解されるであろう。
Claims (6)
- 鉄道車両に搭載された、箱体に内蔵される発熱機器の出火を検知する鉄道車両用火災検知システムにおいて、
前記発熱機器の出火を検知する火災検知部と、該火災検知部による火災検知を受けて作動する火災報知部とを備え、
前記火災検知部は、通常時に通電される主通電回路と、該主通電回路に対し並列に配置され前記発熱機器の出火に起因して通電される副通電回路と、前記副通電回路の通電を受けて前記主通電回路及び前記副通電回路を遮断するスイッチ部とを含み、前記主通電回路及び前記スイッチ部は、前記発熱機器の熱の影響を直接的に受けない場所に配置され、
前記火災報知部は、通常時に遮断され、前記主通電回路の遮断をトリガとして通電される火災報知回路を備えることを特徴とする鉄道車両用火災検知システム。 - 前記副通電回路は、
被覆層によって互いに絶縁された一対の平行導線であって、前記箱体内部に配線され、前記箱体内部の温度上昇に伴う前記被覆層の溶融により前記一対の平行導線が短絡するように構成された、短絡誘導配線を備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システム。 - 前記スイッチ部は、
前記主通電回路と直列に配置された主常開接点と、
前記副通電回路と直列に配置された副常開接点と、
前記副通電回路と直列に配置され、前記副通電回路の通電により、前記主常開接点及び前記副常開接点を遮断位置へと切換える第1遮断器とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システム。 - 前記火災通報回路には、火災報知部を作動させるための常閉接点を含み、
前記主通電回路には、その遮断時に前記常閉接点を接続位置へと切換える第2遮断器を備えることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1項記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システム。 - 前記発火性の発熱機器は蓄電池であり、前記箱体は蓄電池箱であることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システム。
- 前記蓄電池箱は、前記蓄電池及び前記副通電回路が配線された第1区画と、前記スイッチ部が配置された第2区画と、前記第1区画及び前記第2区画の間を断熱する隔壁とを備えることを特徴とする請求項5記載の鉄道車両用火災検知システム。
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