WO2017143586A2 - 晶闸管触发装置 - Google Patents

晶闸管触发装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017143586A2
WO2017143586A2 PCT/CN2016/074668 CN2016074668W WO2017143586A2 WO 2017143586 A2 WO2017143586 A2 WO 2017143586A2 CN 2016074668 W CN2016074668 W CN 2016074668W WO 2017143586 A2 WO2017143586 A2 WO 2017143586A2
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Prior art keywords
thyristor
capacitor
unidirectional
current limiting
anode
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PCT/CN2016/074668
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2017143586A3 (zh
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广州市金矢电子有限公司
郭桥石
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广州市金矢电子有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/074668 priority Critical patent/WO2017143586A2/zh
Publication of WO2017143586A2 publication Critical patent/WO2017143586A2/zh
Publication of WO2017143586A3 publication Critical patent/WO2017143586A3/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/10—Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/72—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices having more than two PN junctions; having more than three electrodes; having more than one electrode connected to the same conductivity region

Definitions

  • the thyristor triggering device of the invention belongs to the field of electricity, in particular to a thyristor triggering device suitable for use in an alternating current grid.
  • the application of thyristors is more and more extensive, such as the composite switch (using the parallel operation mode of the thyristor and the mechanical switch), and the thyristor triggering device is triggered by the transformer isolation trigger or the high-voltage electronic switch, which has the following disadvantages:
  • Transformer isolation trigger The thyristor trigger signal is provided by the transformer. It needs pulse signal generation circuit, transformer drive circuit, transformer, rectifier circuit, and there is a large amount of high-frequency pollution caused by the triggering dead zone caused by the pulsed duty cycle. The disadvantage of low cost performance and large space.
  • High-voltage electronic switch trigger The thyristor trigger signal is driven by the main circuit of the thyristor through a resistor, a high-voltage electronic switch (such as a high-voltage optocoupler such as MOC3083) to the trigger pole of the thyristor, and the high-voltage electronic switch is subjected to a higher voltage, and most of the working conditions are required. Multiple series use, there are disadvantages of poor reliability and easy breakdown. In addition, due to the large voltage drop of the resistance of the trigger circuit and the high voltage electronic switch, the thyristor conduction can be triggered when the voltage at both ends of the main circuit of the thyristor is high. The capacitive load has the disadvantages of large inrush current and easy damage of the thyristor.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a thyristor triggering device that does not require a transformer, does not require a high voltage electronic switch, has a simple circuit, is cost-effective, has a large instantaneous trigger current, high reliability, and low power consumption, in view of the deficiencies of the existing thyristor triggering device.
  • a thyristor triggering device includes a current limiting component, a unidirectional conduction device, a capacitor, a semiconductor switch, and a voltage stabilizing device, wherein the current limiting component, the unidirectional conduction device, and the capacitor are connected in series a series circuit, one end of which is connected to a first end of a thyristor to be driven, and the other end of the series circuit is connected to another phase power or neutral line with respect to the first end,
  • the capacitor forms a discharge loop through the semiconductor switch, the second end of the thyristor, and the first end, the capacitor is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing device or the capacitor is connected in series with the unidirectional device
  • a series circuit is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing device.
  • a thyristor triggering device wherein the capacitor is connected in parallel with the second end and the first end through the semiconductor switch.
  • a thyristor triggering device having a current through the current limiting element that is less than a minimum trigger current required to trigger the thyristor to conduct.
  • a thyristor triggering device is a Zener diode
  • the unidirectional conduction device is a diode
  • the current limiting component is a resistor
  • a thyristor triggering device the semiconductor switch being a transistor, a photocoupler or a photocoupler driving transistor circuit.
  • a thyristor triggering device in which a discharge circuit of the capacitor is connected in series with a second resistor.
  • a thyristor triggering device is a bidirectional thyristor, the first end is a first anode of the bidirectional thyristor, and the second end is a trigger pole of the bidirectional thyristor.
  • a thyristor triggering device wherein the current limiting element is connected to the unidirectional conduction device, and the other phase power source or the neutral line is negative for the capacitance through the current limiting element and the unidirectional conduction device
  • the negative charging terminal of the capacitor is connected to the trigger pole through the semiconductor switch, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to the first anode of the triac.
  • a thyristor triggering device wherein a negative charging end of the capacitor is connected to an anode of the unidirectional conduction device, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to one end of the current limiting element, and the other end of the current limiting element is used Connected to the other phase power source or the neutral line, the cathode of the unidirectional conduction device is connected to the first anode of the triac, and the negative charging end of the capacitor is connected to the trigger pole.
  • a series circuit in which the capacitor is connected in series with the unidirectional conduction device is connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch.
  • a thyristor triggering device the first anode is a power input end, and the second anode of the triac is a load end.
  • a thyristor triggering device the thyristor is a unidirectional thyristor, the first end is a cathode of the unidirectional thyristor, and the second end is a trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor.
  • a thyristor triggering device wherein the other phase power source or the neutral line positively charges the capacitor through the current limiting component and the unidirectional conduction device, and the forward charging end of the capacitor passes the A semiconductor switch is coupled to the trigger pole, and the other end of the capacitor is coupled to a cathode of the unidirectional thyristor.
  • a thyristor triggering device wherein a forward charging end of the capacitor is connected to a cathode of the unidirectional conduction device, and the other end of the capacitor is connected to one end of the current limiting element, and the other end of the current limiting element is used Connected to the other phase power source or the neutral line, the anode of the unidirectional conduction device is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor, and the forward charging end of the capacitor is connected to the trigger pole.
  • a series circuit in which a capacitor is connected in series with the unidirectional conduction device is connected in parallel with the semiconductor switch.
  • a thyristor triggering device wherein a cathode of the unidirectional thyristor is a power input end, and an anode of the unidirectional thyristor is a load end.
  • a thyristor triggering device the thyristor being connected in parallel with a mechanical switch, the thyristor being used for arcing or no inrush current switching of the mechanical switch.
  • a thyristor trigger device that triggers the thyristor of a composite switch.
  • the invention has reasonable design, and uses the power supply of the grid to charge and store the capacitor through the current limiting component and the single-conducting device, and the voltage of the capacitor is limited by the voltage regulator device, and the charge of the capacitor is turned on by the semiconductor switch to trigger the thyristor to be turned on, without a transformer. Isolation trigger, no need for high-voltage electronic switches, simple circuit, cost-effective, high reliability.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a thyristor triggering device of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the thyristor triggering device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the thyristor triggering device of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the thyristor triggering device of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a photocoupler drive transistor circuit.
  • Embodiment 1 of the thyristor triggering device of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1:
  • a thyristor triggering device comprising a current limiting component R1 (a resistor), a unidirectional conduction device D1 (a diode), a capacitor C1, a semiconductor switch OPT1 (an optocoupler), and a voltage stabilizing device Z1 (a Zener diode)
  • the second resistor R2, the current limiting component R1, the unidirectional conduction device D1, and the capacitor C1 are connected in series to form a series circuit.
  • the other end J3 of the series circuit is used for connection with a neutral line (which can also be used for connection with another phase power supply with respect to the first anode of the triac TR1), and the current limiting element R1 is connected to the one-way conduction device D1.
  • the power supply of the J3 terminal is negatively charged to the capacitor C1 through the current limiting component R1 and the one-way conduction device D1.
  • the negative charging terminal of the capacitor C1 is connected to the trigger pole of the triac TR1 through the second resistor R2 and the semiconductor switch OPT1, and the capacitor C1 is The other end is connected to the first anode of the triac TR1, and the capacitor C1 forms a discharge loop through the second resistor R2, the semiconductor switch OPT1, the trigger pole of the triac TR1 (the second end of the thyristor), and the first anode of the triac TR1.
  • the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing device Z1 (it is also possible to connect the series circuit of the capacitor C1 and the one-way conduction device D1 in series with the voltage stabilizing device Z1, so that the withstand voltage requirement of the single-pass device D1 is reduced, but the current limiting element R1 The power consumption is doubled), that is, the capacitor C1 passes the first
  • the two resistors R2 and the semiconductor switch OPT1 are connected in parallel with the trigger pole of the triac TR1 and the first anode of the triac TR1.
  • the first anode of the triac TR1 is a power input end
  • the second anode of the triac TR1 is a load end.
  • the second resistor R2 connected in series with the discharge circuit of the capacitor C1 is used to reduce the discharge current, and can be omitted when the semiconductor switch OPT1 is a constant current circuit or the trigger pole of the triac TR1 has a current limiting resistor.
  • the bidirectional thyristor TR1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch K1, and the working process of the triac thyristor TR1 for no-inrush current connection and mechanical switch K1 arc-extinguishing is described.
  • the first anode of the bidirectional thyristor TR1 is described. Electric, there is a potential difference between the J1 terminal and the J3 terminal, and the charging current charges the capacitor C1 through the current limiting component R1 and the one-way conduction device D1.
  • a pulse conduction control signal of the semiconductor switch OPT1 is provided for several milliseconds, and the capacitor C1 passes through the first anode of the triac TR1, bidirectional
  • the trigger pole of the thyristor TR1, the semiconductor switch OPT1, and the second resistor R2 discharge trigger the bidirectional thyristor TR1 to achieve the purpose of no inrush current conduction, and then the mechanical switch K1 is closed, and after the mechanical switch K1 is closed, the triac TR1 is cut off; during the disconnection process,
  • the semiconductor switch OPT1 has a pulse-on control signal of several milliseconds.
  • the capacitor C1 triggers the triac TR1 through the first anode of the triac TR1, the trigger pole of the triac TR1, the semiconductor switch OPT1, and the second resistor R2. After the switch K1 is completed, the semiconductor switch OPT1 is turned off, and the triac TR1 is turned off.
  • the second embodiment of the thyristor triggering device of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 2:
  • a thyristor triggering device comprising a current limiting component R1 (a resistor), a unidirectional conduction device D1 (a diode), a capacitor C1, a semiconductor switch OPT1 (an optocoupler), and a voltage stabilizing device Z1 (a Zener diode)
  • the second resistor R2, the current limiting component R1, the unidirectional conduction device D1, and the capacitor C1 are connected in series to form a series circuit.
  • One end J1 of the series circuit and the first anode of the bidirectional thyristor TR1 to be triggered (the first end of the thyristor) Connected, the other end J3 of the series circuit is used for connection with a neutral line (also can be used for connection with another phase power supply with respect to the first anode of the triac TR1), and the negative charging end of the capacitor C1 is unidirectionally connected.
  • the anode of the device D1 is connected, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the current limiting element R1, and the other end of the current limiting element R1 is connected to the neutral line (may also be connected to another phase power source with respect to the first anode of the triac TR1) Connected), the cathode of the unidirectional conduction device D1 is connected to the first anode of the triac TR1, the negative charging end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the trigger pole of the triac TR1 through the second resistor R2, and the capacitor C1 is connected in series with the unidirectional conduction device D1. Tandem The circuit is connected in parallel with the output end of the semiconductor switch OPT1.
  • the capacitor C1 forms a discharge loop through the semiconductor switch OPT1, the first anode of the triac TR1, the trigger pole of the triac TR1 (the second end of the thyristor), and the second resistor R2, and the capacitor C1 and
  • the series circuit of the single-pass device D1 in series is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing device Z1, that is, the capacitor C1 passes through the semiconductor switch OPT1,
  • the two resistors R2 are connected in parallel with the trigger pole of the triac TR1 and the first anode of the triac TR1.
  • the first anode of the triac TR1 is a power input terminal
  • the second anode of the triac TR1 is a load end.
  • the second resistor R2 connected in series with the discharge circuit of capacitor C1 is used to reduce the discharge current. It can be omitted when the semiconductor switch OPT1 is a constant current circuit or the triac thyristor TR1 triggers the band current limiting resistor.
  • the triac TR1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch K1, and the working process of the triac thyristor TR1 for no-inrush current connection and mechanical switch K1 breaking and arc-extinguishing is described, and the first anode of the bidirectional thyristor TR1 is described.
  • On power-on there is a potential difference between the J1 terminal and the J3 terminal, and the charging current charges the capacitor C1 through the current limiting component R1 and the one-way conduction device D1.
  • the semiconductor switch OPT1 is provided with a conduction control signal for several tens of milliseconds, and the capacitor C1 passes through the first of the semiconductor switch OPT1 and the triac TR1.
  • the anode, the trigger pole of the bidirectional thyristor TR1, and the discharge of the second resistor R2 trigger the bidirectional thyristor TR1 to achieve the purpose of no inrush current conduction, then the mechanical switch K1 is closed, and after the mechanical switch K1 is closed, the triac TR1 is turned off; during the breaking process, the semiconductor is provided.
  • the switch OPT1 turns on the control signal for several tens of milliseconds.
  • the capacitor C1 is turned on by the semiconductor switch OPT1, the first anode of the triac TR1, the trigger pole of the triac TR1, and the second resistor R2 to trigger the triac TR1 to be turned on, and the mechanical switch K1 is completed. After that, the semiconductor switch OPT1 is turned off, and the triac TR1 is turned off.
  • FIG. 3 The third embodiment of the thyristor triggering device of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3:
  • a thyristor triggering device comprising a current limiting component R1 (a resistor), a unidirectional conduction device D1 (a diode), a capacitor C1, a semiconductor switch OPT1 (an optocoupler), and a voltage stabilizing device Z1 (a Zener diode)
  • the second resistor R2, the current limiting component R1, the unidirectional conduction device D1, and the capacitor C1 are connected in series to form a series circuit.
  • One end J1 of the series circuit is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 to be triggered (the first end of the thyristor)
  • the other end J3 of the series circuit is used for connection with a neutral line (may also be used for connection with another phase power source with respect to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1), and the neutral line of the J3 terminal passes through the current limiting element R1, a single guide
  • the device D1 positively charges the capacitor C1, the forward charging end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 through the second resistor R2, the semiconductor switch OPT1, and the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • the capacitor C1 forms a discharge loop through the second resistor R2, the semiconductor switch OPT1, the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 (the second end of the thyristor), the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the series connection of the capacitor C1 and the one-way conduction device D1.
  • the capacitor C1 passes through the second The resistor R2 and the semiconductor switch OPT1 are connected in parallel with the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 and the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • the single The cathode of the thyristor SCR1 is a power supply input terminal
  • the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is a load terminal.
  • the second resistor R2 connected in series with the discharge circuit of capacitor C1 is used to reduce the discharge current.
  • the semiconductor switch OPT1 is a constant current circuit or the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 triggers the pole current limiting resistor, it can be omitted.
  • the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch K1, and the working process of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 for no-inrush current connection and mechanical switch K1 breaking and arc-extinguishing is described, the unidirectional thyristor SCR1
  • the cathode is powered on, there is a potential difference between the J1 terminal and the J3 terminal, and the charging current is charged to the voltage regulator C1 through the current limiting component R1 and the one-way conduction device D1 to the voltage regulator Z1.
  • the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is connected.
  • the pulse-on control signal of the semiconductor switch OPT1 is provided for several tens of milliseconds, and the capacitor C1 passes through the second resistor R2, the semiconductor switch OPT1, the unidirectional thyristor
  • the triggering of the SCR1 and the cathode discharge of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 trigger the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 to achieve the purpose of no inrush current conduction, then the mechanical switch K1 is closed, and after the mechanical switch K1 is closed, the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is turned off; during the breaking process,
  • the semiconductor switch OPT1 has a pulse conduction control signal of several tens of milliseconds, and the capacitor C1 passes through the contact of the second resistor R2, the semiconductor switch OPT1, and the unidirectional thyristor SCR1.
  • the cathode discharge of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 triggers the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 to be turned on, and the mechanical switch K1 is disconnected when the current direction of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is turned on.
  • the semiconductor switch OPT1 is turned off, and the unidirectional thyristor is turned off. SCR1 is cut off.
  • Embodiment 4 of the thyristor triggering device of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 4:
  • a thyristor triggering device comprising a current limiting component R1 (a resistor), a unidirectional conduction device D1 (a diode), a capacitor C1, a semiconductor switch OPT1 (an optocoupler), and a voltage stabilizing device Z1 (a Zener diode)
  • the second resistor R2, the current limiting component R1, the unidirectional conduction device D1, and the capacitor C1 are connected in series to form a series circuit.
  • One end J1 of the series circuit is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 to be triggered (the first end of the thyristor)
  • the other end J3 of the series circuit is used for connection with a neutral line (also can be used for connection with another phase power source with respect to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1), the forward charging end of the capacitor C1 and the one-way conduction device D1 Cathode connection, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to one end of the current limiting element R1, and the other end of the current limiting element R1 is connected to the neutral line (may also be connected to another phase power source with respect to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1),
  • the anode of the one-way conduction device D1 is connected to the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor, the forward charging end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristo
  • the capacitor C1 forms a discharge loop through the second resistor R2, the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 (the second end of the thyristor), the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the semiconductor switch OPT1, and the capacitor C1 is connected in series with the one-way conduction device D1.
  • the circuit is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing device Z1, that is, the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 and the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 through the second resistor R2, the semiconductor switch OPT1, and the unidirectional thyristor when used in the single-phase composite switch.
  • the cathode of the tube SCR1 is the power input end, and the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is the load end.
  • the second resistor R2 connected in series with the discharge circuit of capacitor C1 is used to reduce the discharge current.
  • the semiconductor switch OPT1 is a constant current circuit or the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 triggers the pole current limiting resistor, it can be omitted.
  • the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is connected in parallel with the mechanical switch K1, and the working process of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 for no-inrush current connection and mechanical switch K1 breaking and arc-extinguishing is described, the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 When the cathode is powered on, there is a potential difference between the J1 terminal and the J3 terminal, and the charging current charges the capacitor C1 through the current limiting component R1 and the one-way conduction device D1.
  • the anode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 and the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 When the peak value of the reverse bias voltage is between, the semiconductor switch OPT1 pulse conduction control signal is provided, and the capacitor C1 is triggered by the second resistor R2, the trigger pole of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, the cathode of the unidirectional thyristor SCR1, and the semiconductor switch OPT1.
  • the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 achieves the purpose of no inrush current conduction, then the mechanical switch K1 is closed, and after the mechanical switch K1 is closed, the unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is turned off; during the breaking process, the semiconductor switch OPT1 is provided with a pulse conduction control signal, and the capacitor C1 passes through the second Resistor R2, trigger pole of unidirectional thyristor SCR1, cathode of unidirectional thyristor SCR1, semiconductor switch OPT1 discharge trigger unidirectional thyristor SCR1 is turned on, a mechanical switch K1 OFF time division way to meet the current direction a thyristor SCR1 is turned on condition, after the completion of breaking a mechanical switch K1, OPT1 the semiconductor switch is turned off, the one-way thyristor SCR1 is turned off.
  • the voltage regulation value of the voltage regulator device Z1 can be set to about 20V
  • the capacitance value of the capacitor C1 can be set to about 100 microfarads
  • the discharge charge of the capacitor C1 is sufficient for the trigger thyristor (single thyristor or triac)
  • the instantaneous trigger current, the current limiting component R1 can use the resistor, the current through the current limiting component R1 can be much smaller than the minimum trigger current required to trigger the thyristor conduction (generally dozens of ampere thyristors reliably trigger the conduction trigger current for dozens mA), the current-limiting component R1 can have a relatively large resistance value, and the operating current can be set to 1 mA or less.
  • the current-limiting component R1 consumes only 0.38W. If the working voltage is 220V, the current limiting component R1 consumes only 0.22W; the current limiting component R1 can also use a capacitor, or a resistor and a capacitor series circuit, the working principle is the same, and it is also within the scope of this patent protection. .
  • the other end of the power supply connected to the thyristor triggering device of the present invention relative to the first end of the thyristor is also defined as a neutral line.
  • the first inventive thyristor triggering device can be connected to the other phase power source of the first inventive thyristor driving device through the second inventive thyristor triggering device of the other phase.
  • the semiconductor switch OPT1 can be a transistor, a photocoupler or a photocoupler drive transistor circuit (see Figure 5).
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the trigger signal of the thyristor is directly provided by the AC grid through the current limiting component, without transformer isolation triggering, high voltage electronic switch, high reliability, simple circuit, small footprint and high cost performance.
  • Capacitor energy storage triggering mode has the characteristics of large instantaneous output current and strong triggering capability. At the same time, the current of the current limiting component is much smaller than the minimum triggering current for triggering the thyristor to be turned on, and the working energy consumption is low.

Abstract

一种晶闸管触发装置，适合于交流电网中应用，其包括一限流元件（R1）、一单向导通器件（D1）、一电容（C1）、一半导体开关（OPT1）、一稳压器件（Z1），限流元件（R1）、单向导通器件（D1）、电容（C1）串联而成一串联电路，串联电路的一端与所需驱动的晶闸管（TR1、SCR1）的第一端连接，串联电路的另一端用于与相对于第一端的另一相电源或中性线连接，电容（C1）通过半导体开关（OPT1）、晶闸管（TR1、SCR1）的第二端、第一端形成放电回路，电容（C1）与稳压器件（Z1）并联或电容（C1）与单向导通器件（D1）串联而成的串联电路与稳压器件（Z1）并联。所述晶闸管触发装置具有无需变压器触发、无需高压电子开关、可靠性高的优点。

Description

晶闸管触发装置 技术领域
本发明晶闸管触发装置属于电学领域，特别是一种适合于交流电网中应用的晶闸管触发装置。
背景技术
目前在交流电网中，晶闸管的应用越来越广泛，如复合开关(采用晶闸管与机械开关并联的运行方式)，其晶闸管触发装置采用变压器隔离触发或高压电子开关触发，其存在以下缺点：
1.变压器隔离触发：晶闸管触发信号由变压器提供，需要脉冲信号发生电路、变压器驱动电路、变压器、整流电路，存在脉冲占空比带来的触发盲区导致的电容负载接通涌流大、高频污染、性价比低、占用空间大的缺点。
2.高压电子开关触发：晶闸管触发信号由晶闸管的主回路通过电阻、高压电子开关(如MOC3083等高压光电耦合器)到晶闸管的触发极，高压电子开关承受较高电压，并且大部分工况需要多个串联使用，存在可靠性差、容易击穿的缺点，另外由于触发回路的电阻、高压电子开关存在较大的电压降，需晶闸管的主回路两端电压较高时才能触发晶闸管导通，存在电容负载接通涌流大、晶闸管容易损坏等缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有晶闸管触发装置的不足之处而提供一种无需变压器、无需高压电子开关、电路简单、性价比高、瞬间触发电流大、可靠性高、能耗低的晶闸管触发装置。
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：
一种晶闸管触发装置，其包括一限流元件、一单向导通器件、一电容、一半导体开关、一稳压器件，所述限流元件、所述单向导通器件、所述电容串联而成一串联电路，所述串联电路的一端与所需驱动的晶闸管的第一端连接，所述串联电路的另一端用于与相对于所述第一端的另一相电源或中性线连接，所述电容通过所述半导体开关、所述晶闸管的第二端、所述第一端形成放电回路，所述电容与所述稳压器件并联或所述电容与所述单向导通器件串联而成的串联电路与所述稳压器件并联。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述电容通过所述半导体开关与所述第二端、所述第一端并联。
一种晶闸管触发装置，通过所述限流元件的电流小于触发所述晶闸管导通所需的最小触发电流。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述稳压器件为一稳压二极管，所述单向导通器件为一二极管，所述限流元件为一电阻。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述半导体开关为一三极管、一光电耦合器或一光电耦合器驱动晶体管电路。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述电容的放电回路串联第二电阻。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述晶闸管为双向晶闸管，所述第一端为所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极，所述第二端为所述双向晶闸管的触发极。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述限流元件与所述单向导通器件连接，所述另一相电源或所述中性线通过所述限流元件、所述单向导通器件对所述电容负向充电，所述电容的负向充电端通过所述半导体开关与所述触发极连接，所述电容的另一端与所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极连接。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述电容的负向充电端与所述单向导通器件的阳极连接，所述电容的另一端与所述限流元件的一端连接，所述限流元件的另一端用于与所述另一相电源或所述中性线连接，所述单向导通器件的阴极与所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极连接，所述电容的负向充电端与所述触发极连接，所述电容与所述单向导通器件串联而成的串联电路与所述半导体开关并联。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述第一阳极为电源输入端，所述双向晶闸管的第二阳极为负载端。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述晶闸管为单向晶闸管，所述第一端为所述单向晶闸管的阴极，所述第二端为所述单向晶闸管的触发极。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述另一相电源或所述中性线通过所述限流元件、所述单向导通器件对所述电容正向充电，所述电容的正向充电端通过所述半导体开关与所述触发极连接，所述电容的另一端与所述单向晶闸管的阴极连接。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述电容的正向充电端与所述单向导通器件的阴极连接，所述电容的另一端与所述限流元件的一端连接，所述限流元件的另一端用于与所述另一相电源或所述中性线连接，所述单向导通器件的阳极与所述单向晶闸管的阴极连接，所述电容的正向充电端与所述触发极连接，所述电容与所述单向导通器件串联而成的串联电路与所述半导体开关并联。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述单向晶闸管的阴极为电源输入端，所述单向晶闸管的阳极为负载端。
一种晶闸管触发装置，所述晶闸管与一机械开关并联，所述晶闸管用于所述机械开关灭弧或无涌流接通。
一种晶闸管触发装置，其触发复合开关的所述晶闸管。
本发明设计合理，其利用电网电源通过限流元件、单向导通器件对电容充电储能，由稳压器件对电容充电电压进行限压，电容的电荷通过半导体开关触发晶闸管导通，具有无需变压器隔离触发、无需高压电子开关、电路简单、性价比高、可靠性高的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明晶闸管触发装置的实施例一电路原理图。
图2是本发明晶闸管触发装置的实施例二电路原理图。
图3是本发明晶闸管触发装置的实施例三电路原理图。
图4是本发明晶闸管触发装置的实施例四电路原理图。
图5是一光电耦合器驱动晶体管电路的电路图。
具体实施方式
本发明晶闸管触发装置的实施例一，如图1所示：
一种晶闸管触发装置，其包括限流元件R1(一电阻)、单向导通器件D1(一二极管)、电容C1、半导体开关OPT1(一光电耦合器)、稳压器件Z1(一稳压二极管)、第二电阻R2，限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1、电容C1串联而成串联电路，该串联电路的一端J1与所需触发的双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极(晶闸管的第一端)连接，该串联电路的另一端J3用于与中性线连接(也可以用于与相对于双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极的另一相电源连接)，限流元件R1与单向导通器件D1连接，J3端电源通过限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1对电容C1负向充电，电容C1的负向充电端通过第二电阻R2、半导体开关OPT1与双向晶闸管TR1的触发极连接，电容C1的另一端与双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极连接，电容C1通过第二电阻R2、半导体开关OPT1、双向晶闸管TR1的触发极(晶闸管的第二端)、双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极形成放电回路，电容C1与稳压器件Z1并联(也可以为电容C1与单向导通器件D1串联而成的串联电路与稳压器件Z1并联，这样单向导通器件D1耐压要求降低，但限流元件R1的功耗要大一倍)，即电容C1通过第 二电阻R2、半导体开关OPT1与双向晶闸管TR1的触发极、双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极并联。单相复合开关使用时，双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极为电源输入端，双向晶闸管TR1的第二阳极为负载端。
注：电容C1的放电回路串联的第二电阻R2用于减小放电电流，在半导体开关OPT1为一恒流电路或双向晶闸管TR1的触发极带限流电阻时可以省略。
工作原理：以触发复合开关的晶闸管为例，双向晶闸管TR1与机械开关K1并联，对双向晶闸管TR1用于无涌流接通、机械开关K1灭弧的工作过程进行描述，双向晶闸管TR1第一阳极上电，J1端对J3端存在电位差，充电电流通过限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1对电容C1充电。接通过程中，在双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极、第二阳极之间电压为零时，提供半导体开关OPT1几十毫秒的脉冲导通控制信号，电容C1通过双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极、双向晶闸管TR1的触发极、半导体开关OPT1、第二电阻R2放电触发双向晶闸管TR1达到无涌流导通的目的，然后机械开关K1闭合，机械开关K1闭合完成后，双向晶闸管TR1截止；分断过程中，提供半导体开关OPT1几十毫秒的脉冲导通控制信号，电容C1通过双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极、双向晶闸管TR1的触发极、半导体开关OPT1、第二电阻R2限流放电触发双向晶闸管TR1导通，机械开关K1分断完成后，半导体开关OPT1截止，双向晶闸管TR1截止。
本发明晶闸管触发装置的实施例二，如图2所示：
一种晶闸管触发装置，其包括限流元件R1(一电阻)、单向导通器件D1(一二极管)、电容C1、半导体开关OPT1(一光电耦合器)、稳压器件Z1(一稳压二极管)、第二电阻R2，限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1、电容C1串联而成串联电路，该串联电路的一端J1与所需触发的双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极(晶闸管的第一端)连接，该串联电路的另一端J3用于与中性线连接(也可以用于与相对于双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极的另一相电源连接)，电容C1的负向充电端与单向导通器件D1的阳极连接，电容C1的另一端与限流元件R1的一端连接，限流元件R1的另一端与中性线连接(也可以与相对于双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极的另一相电源连接)，单向导通器件D1的阴极与双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极连接，电容C1的负向充电端通过第二电阻R2与双向晶闸管TR1的触发极连接，电容C1与单向导通器件D1串联而成的串联电路与半导体开关OPT1的输出端并联，电容C1通过半导体开关OPT1、双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极、双向晶闸管TR1的触发极(晶闸管的第二端)、第二电阻R2形成放电回路，电容C1与单向导通器件D1串联而成的串联电路与稳压器件Z1并联，即电容C1通过半导体开关OPT1、第 二电阻R2与双向晶闸管TR1的触发极、双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极并联。在单相复合开关中使用时，双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极为电源输入端，双向晶闸管TR1的第二阳极为负载端。
注：电容C1的放电回路串联的第二电阻R2用于减小放电电流，在半导体开关OPT1为一恒流电路或双向晶闸管TR1触发极带限流电阻时可以省略。
工作原理：以触发复合开关的晶闸管为例，双向晶闸管TR1与机械开关K1并联，对双向晶闸管TR1用于无涌流接通、机械开关K1分断灭弧的工作过程进行描述，双向晶闸管TR1第一阳极上电，J1端对J3端存在电位差，充电电流通过限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1对电容C1充电。接通过程中，在双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极、第二阳极之间电压为零时，提供半导体开关OPT1一几十毫秒导通控制信号，电容C1通过半导体开关OPT1、双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极、双向晶闸管TR1的触发极、第二电阻R2放电触发双向晶闸管TR1达到无涌流导通的目的，然后机械开关K1闭合，机械开关K1闭合完成后，双向晶闸管TR1截止；分断过程中，提供半导体开关OPT1一几十毫秒导通控制信号，电容C1通过半导体开关OPT1、双向晶闸管TR1的第一阳极、双向晶闸管TR1的触发极、第二电阻R2放电触发双向晶闸管TR1导通，机械开关K1分断完成后，半导体开关OPT1截止，双向晶闸管TR1截止。
本发明晶闸管触发装置的实施例三，如图3所示：
一种晶闸管触发装置，其包括限流元件R1(一电阻)、单向导通器件D1(一二极管)、电容C1、半导体开关OPT1(一光电耦合器)、稳压器件Z1(一稳压二极管)、第二电阻R2，限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1、电容C1串联而成串联电路，该串联电路的一端J1与所需触发的单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极(晶闸管的第一端)连接，该串联电路的另一端J3用于与中性线连接(也可以用于与相对于单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极的另一相电源连接)，J3端的中性线通过限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1对电容C1正向充电，电容C1的正向充电端通过第二电阻R2、半导体开关OPT1与单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极连接，电容C1的另一端与单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极连接，电容C1通过第二电阻R2、半导体开关OPT1、单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极(晶闸管的第二端)、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极形成放电回路，电容C1与单向导通器件D1串联而成的串联电路与稳压器件Z1并联(也可以为电容C1直接与稳压器件Z1并联，这样单向导通器件D1耐压要求提高，但限流元件R1的功耗可以减半)，即电容C1通过第二电阻R2、半导体开关OPT1与单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极并联，在单相复合开关中使用时，单 向晶闸管SCR1的阴极为电源输入端，单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极为负载端。
注：电容C1的放电回路串联的第二电阻R2用于减小放电电流，半导体开关OPT1为一恒流电路或单向晶闸管SCR1触发极带限流电阻时可以省略。
工作原理：以触发复合开关的晶闸管为例，单向晶闸管SCR1与机械开关K1并联，对单向晶闸管SCR1用于无涌流接通、机械开关K1分断灭弧的工作过程进行描述，单向晶闸管SCR1阴极上电，J1端对J3端存在电位差，充电电流通过限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1对电容C1充电至稳压器件Z1的稳压值，接通过程中，在单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极与单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极之间处于反向偏置电压的峰值时，提供半导体开关OPT1几十毫秒的脉冲导通控制信号，电容C1通过第二电阻R2、半导体开关OPT1、单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极放电触发单向晶闸管SCR1达到无涌流导通的目的，然后机械开关K1闭合，机械开关K1闭合完成后，单向晶闸管SCR1截止；在分断过程中，提供半导体开关OPT1几十毫秒的脉冲导通控制信号，电容C1通过第二电阻R2、半导体开关OPT1、单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极放电触发单向晶闸管SCR1导通，机械开关K1在满足单向晶闸管SCR1导通条件的电流方向时分断，机械开关K1分断完成后，半导体开关OPT1截止，单向晶闸管SCR1截止。
本发明晶闸管触发装置的实施例四，如图4所示：
一种晶闸管触发装置，其包括限流元件R1(一电阻)、单向导通器件D1(一二极管)、电容C1、半导体开关OPT1(一光电耦合器)、稳压器件Z1(一稳压二极管)、第二电阻R2，限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1、电容C1串联而成串联电路，该串联电路的一端J1与所需触发的单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极(晶闸管的第一端)连接，该串联电路的另一端J3用于与中性线连接(也可以用于与相对于单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极的另一相电源连接)，电容C1的正向充电端与单向导通器件D1的阴极连接，电容C1的另一端与限流元件R1的一端连接，限流元件R1的另一端与中性线连接(也可以与相对于单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极的另一相电源连接)，单向导通器件D1的阳极与单向晶闸管的阴极连接，电容C1的正向充电端通过第二电阻R2与单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极连接，电容C1与单向导通器件D1串联而成的串联电路与半导体开关OPT1并联。电容C1通过第二电阻R2、单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极(晶闸管的第二端)、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极、半导体开关OPT1形成放电回路，电容C1与单向导通器件D1串联而成的串联电路与稳压器件Z1并联，即电容C1通过第二电阻R2、半导体开关OPT1与单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极并联，在单相复合开关中使用时，单向晶闸 管SCR1的阴极为电源输入端，单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极为负载端。
注：电容C1的放电回路串联的第二电阻R2用于减小放电电流，半导体开关OPT1为一恒流电路或单向晶闸管SCR1触发极带限流电阻时可以省略。
工作原理：以触发复合开关的晶闸管为例，单向晶闸管SCR1与机械开关K1并联，对单向晶闸管SCR1用于无涌流接通、机械开关K1分断灭弧的工作过程进行描述，单向晶闸管SCR1阴极上电，J1端对J3端存在电位差，充电电流通过限流元件R1、单向导通器件D1对电容C1充电，接通过程中，在单向晶闸管SCR1的阳极与单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极之间处于反向偏置电压的峰值时，提供半导体开关OPT1脉冲导通控制信号，电容C1通过第二电阻R2、单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极、半导体开关OPT1放电触发单向晶闸管SCR1达到无涌流导通的目的，然后机械开关K1闭合，机械开关K1闭合完成后，单向晶闸管SCR1截止；分断过程中，提供半导体开关OPT1脉冲导通控制信号，电容C1通过第二电阻R2、单向晶闸管SCR1的触发极、单向晶闸管SCR1的阴极、半导体开关OPT1放电触发单向晶闸管SCR1导通，机械开关K1在满足单向晶闸管SCR1导通条件的电流方向时分断，机械开关K1分断完成后，半导体开关OPT1截止，单向晶闸管SCR1截止。
以上实施例，稳压器件Z1的稳压值可以设定为20V左右，电容C1的电容值可以设定为100微法左右，电容C1的放电电荷足够满足触发晶闸管(单向晶闸或双向晶闸管)的瞬间触发电流，限流元件R1可以采用电阻，通过限流元件R1的电流可以远小于触发晶闸管导通所需的最小触发电流(一般几十安培晶闸管可靠触发导通的触发电流为几十毫安)，限流元件R1的电阻值可以比较大，工作电流可以设定为1毫安以内，即使设定为1毫安，工作电压为380V时，限流元件R1功耗仅为0.38W，如工作电压为220V，限流元件R1功耗仅为0.22W；限流元件R1也可以改用一电容，或采用一电阻与一电容串联电路，工作原理相同，也在本专利保护范围内。
在单相交流供电系统中使用时，与本发明晶闸管触发装置连接的相对于晶闸管的第一端(即晶闸管的主回路端)的另一端电源也定义为中性线。在三相电使用时可以采用第一本发明晶闸管触发装置通过另一相的第二本发明晶闸管触发装置与相对于第一本发明晶闸管驱动装置的另一相电源连接。
在实际应用中，半导体开关OPT1可以为一三极管、一光电耦合器或一光电耦合器驱动晶体管电路(见图5)。
综上所述，本发明具有以下优点：
1.晶闸管的触发信号直接由交流电网通过限流元件提供，无需变压器隔离触发、无需高压电子开关、可靠性高、电路简单、占用空间小、性价比高。
2.采用电容储能触发方式，具有瞬间输出电流大、触发能力强的特点，同时限流元件工作电流远小于触发晶闸管导通的最小触发电流，工作能耗低。
当用于电容负载时，不存在变压器由于脉冲占空比和高压电子开关电路的本身电压降带来的过零触发盲区，接通涌流极小。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种晶闸管触发装置，其包括一限流元件、一单向导通器件、一电容、一半导体开关、一稳压器件，所述限流元件、所述单向导通器件、所述电容串联而成一串联电路，所述串联电路的一端与所需驱动的晶闸管的第一端连接，所述串联电路的另一端用于与相对于所述第一端的另一相电源或中性线连接，所述电容通过所述半导体开关、所述晶闸管的第二端、所述第一端形成放电回路，所述电容与所述稳压器件并联或所述电容与所述单向导通器件串联而成的串联电路与所述稳压器件并联。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述电容通过所述半导体开关与所述第二端、所述第一端并联。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：通过所述限流元件的电流小于触发所述晶闸管导通所需的最小触发电流。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述稳压器件为一稳压二极管，所述单向导通器件为一二极管，所述限流元件为一电阻。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述半导体开关为一三极管、一光电耦合器或一光电耦合器驱动晶体管电路。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：还包括第二电阻，所述第二电阻串联在所述电容的放电回路中。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述晶闸管为双向晶闸管，所述第一端为所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极，所述第二端为所述双向晶闸管的触发极。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述限流元件与所述单向导通器件连接，所述另一相电源或所述中性线通过所述限流元件、所述单向导通器件对所述电容负向充电，所述电容的负向充电端通过所述半导体开关与所述触发极连接，所述电容的另一端与所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述电容的负向充电端与所述单向导通器件的阳极连接，所述电容的另一端与所述限流元件的一端连接，所述限流元件的另一端用于与所述另一相电源或所述中性线连接，所述单向导通器件的阴极与所述双向晶闸管的第一阳极连接，所述电容的负向充电端与所述触发极连接，所述电容与所述单向导通器件串联而成的串联电路与所述半导体开关并联。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述第一阳极为电源输入端，所述双向晶闸管的第二阳极为负载端。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述晶闸管为单向晶闸管，所述第一端为所述单向晶闸管的阴极，所述第二端为所述单向晶闸管的触发极。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述另一相电源或所述中性线通过所述限流元件、所述单向导通器件对所述电容正向充电，所述电容的正向充电端通过所述半导体开关与所述触发极连接，所述电容的另一端与所述单向晶闸管的阴极连接。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述电容的正向充电端与所述单向导通器件的阴极连接，所述电容的另一端与所述限流元件的一端连接，所述限流元件的另一端用于与所述另一相电源或所述中性线连接，所述单向导通器件的阳极与所述单向晶闸管的阴极连接，所述电容的正向充电端与所述触发极连接，所述电容与所述单向导通器件串联而成的串联电路与所述半导体开关并联。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述单向晶闸管的阴极为电源输入端，所述单向晶闸管的阳极为负载端。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一权利要求所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：所述晶闸管与一机械开关并联，所述晶闸管用于所述机械开关灭弧或无涌流接通。
  16. 根据权利要求1至14中任一权利要求所述的晶闸管触发装置，其特征是：其触发复合开关的所述晶闸管。
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