WO2017141608A1

WO2017141608A1 - Display device, display device manufacturing method, and electronic apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2017141608A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/001582
Authority: WO
Inventors: 綾首藤; 貝野　由利子; 小林　健; 万吉吉原
Original assignee: ソニー株式会社
Priority date: 2016-02-19
Filing date: 2017-01-18
Publication date: 2017-08-24
Also published as: JP2017146511A

Abstract

A display device (1) of the present invention is provided with: a first substrate (10) and a second substrate (20), which are disposed to face each other; a display body (30) that is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a bonding member (16) that bonds the display body and the first substrate and/or the second substrate to each other. A gap between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by peripheral sealing using the bonding member or a constituent member of the display body.

Description

DISPLAY DEVICE, DISPLAY DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

The present disclosure relates to, for example, a display device using an electrophoretic element as a display body, a manufacturing method thereof, and an electronic apparatus.

An electrophoretic display using an electrophoretic phenomenon is configured by laminating various members such as a substrate, a display unit, a seal layer, an electrode protective layer, a partition wall, and a protective film. In such an electrophoretic display, the end face is sealed in order to prevent the entry of substances from the outside or the outflow of substances from the inside.

For example, the following method is used for sealing the end face of the electrophoretic display. For example, in the electrophoretic display device described in Patent Document 1, the display element is sealed by bonding a protective film provided on each of the outer sides of a pair of substrates opposed to each other. Further, in the display device described in Patent Document 2, sealing is performed by bending the support base and the counter electrode constituting the counter substrate toward the drive substrate. In the electrophoretic display device described in Patent Document 3, the element substrate is sealed by providing a moisture-proof resin so as to cover the side surface of the electrophoretic layer. Among these, the method of patent document 3 is employ | adopted as a general sealing method.

JP 2010-231230 A JP 2012-215841 A JP 2013-101261 A

However, in the sealing method of Patent Document 3, since an interface always occurs between the moisture-proof resin and each member, there is a concern that the mechanical strength and the storage characteristics are deteriorated. Further, in addition to the sealing method of Patent Document 3, in the sealing methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, when an end surface is generated at an arbitrary place by cutting or the like, it is difficult to easily seal the end surface, There exists a problem that the freedom degree of the shape as a display device falls.

Therefore, it is desirable to provide a display device, a method for manufacturing the display device, and an electronic apparatus that can improve the degree of freedom of shape.

A display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed to face each other, a display body disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a display body, the first substrate, and a second substrate. An adhesive member that adheres at least one of the substrates is provided, and the periphery of the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by a constituent member or an adhesive member of the display body.

A manufacturing method of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes forming a display body on a first substrate or a second substrate, and bonding the display body and the second substrate or the first substrate via an adhesive member. And combining and sealing the periphery between the first substrate and the second substrate with a constituent member or an adhesive member of the display body.

An electronic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the display device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.

In the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method for manufacturing the display device according to the embodiment, and the electronic device according to the embodiment, an end surface (periphery) of the display body provided between the first substrate and the second substrate is provided. By sealing with a constituent member or an adhesive member, sealing at an arbitrary place is possible.

According to the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method for manufacturing the display device according to the embodiment, and the electronic apparatus according to the embodiment, the constituent member of the display body provided between the first substrate and the second substrate or Since the peripheral sealing is performed by the adhesive member, the end face can be formed at an arbitrary place. Therefore, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom of the shape of the display device and the electronic device including the display device. Note that the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any effects described in the present disclosure.

3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a display device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. It is a plane schematic diagram of the display apparatus shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram explaining the electrophoretic element shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the manufacturing process of the display apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure showing the process of following FIG. 4A. It is a figure showing the process of following FIG. 4B. It is a figure showing the process of following FIG. 4C. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the display device shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the display device shown in FIG. 1. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a display device according to Modification 1 of the present disclosure. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a display device according to Modification 2 of the present disclosure. FIG. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a display device according to Modification 4 of the present disclosure. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the display apparatus which concerns on the modification 5 of this indication. It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the display apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this indication. 12 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an appearance of application example 1. FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating another example of the appearance of application example 1. FIG. 12 is a perspective view illustrating an appearance of application example 2. FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an appearance of application example 3. FIG. 22 is a perspective view illustrating another example of the appearance of application example 3. FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The description will be given in the following order.
1. 1st Embodiment (example which was end-face sealed with a fibrous structure)
1-1. Configuration of display device 1-2. Manufacturing method of display device 1-3. Operation of display device 1-4. Action / Effect Modification 2-1. Modification 1 (example sealed with a partition wall)
2-2. Modification 2 (example sealed with an adhesive layer)
2-3. Modification 3 (example sealed with an additive added to the insulating liquid)
2-4. Modification 4 (example sealed with a binder)
2-5. Modification 5 (example sealed with microcapsules)
3. Second embodiment (example in which interfacial adhesion is made between a substrate and an electrophoretic element)
4). Application example 5. Example

<1. First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (display device 1) according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 schematically shows a planar configuration of the main part of the display device 1. FIG. 1 shows a cross section taken along line II in FIG. The display device 1 is an electrophoretic display that generates contrast using an electrophoretic phenomenon, and an electrophoretic element (electrophoretic element 30) is used as a display element (display body). In display device 1 of the present embodiment, the peripheral end face is sealed using a constituent member of electrophoretic element 30 or an adhesive member between electrophoretic element 30 and a substrate (drive substrate 10 and counter substrate 20). It has a configuration. FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration of the display device 1 and may differ from actual dimensions and shapes.

(1-1. Configuration of display device)
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the display device 1 includes a drive substrate 10 and a counter substrate 20 that are arranged to face each other via an electrophoretic element 30, and has a display surface on the counter substrate 20 side. Yes. The phrase “having a display surface on the counter substrate 20 side” means that an image is displayed toward the counter substrate 20 (the user can visually recognize an image from the counter substrate 20 side). Further, an adhesive layer 16 is provided between the drive substrate 10 and the electrophoretic element 30, and the drive substrate 10 and the electrophoretic element 30 are bonded to each other.

For example, the driving substrate 10 has a thin film transistor (TFT) 12, a protective layer 13, a planarization insulating layer 14, and a pixel electrode 15 formed in this order on one surface of a support base 11. For example, the TFT 12 and the pixel electrode 15 are divided and formed in a matrix or segment according to a pixel pattern or the like.

The support base 11 is made of, for example, an inorganic material, a metal material, a plastic material, or the like. Examples of the inorganic material include silicon (Si), silicon oxide (SiO _x ), silicon nitride (SiN _x ), and aluminum oxide (AlO _x ). Silicon oxide includes glass or spin-on-glass (SOG). Examples of the metal material include aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), and stainless steel, and examples of the plastic material include polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyethyl ether. Ketone (PEEK) etc. are mentioned.

The support substrate 11 may be light transmissive or non-light transmissive. This is because the image is displayed on the counter substrate 20 side, and thus the support base 11 does not necessarily need to be light transmissive. The support base 11 may be a rigid substrate such as a wafer, or may be composed of a flexible thin glass or film. By using a flexible material for the support base 11, a flexible display device 1 can be realized.

TFT 12 is a switching element for selecting a pixel. The TFT 12 may be an inorganic TFT using an inorganic semiconductor layer as a channel layer or an organic TFT using an organic semiconductor layer. The protective layer 13 and the planarization insulating layer 14 are made of an insulating resin material such as polyimide, for example. If the surface of the protective layer 13 is sufficiently flat, the planarization insulating layer 14 can be omitted. The pixel electrode 15 is formed of a metal material such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu), for example. The pixel electrode 15 is connected to the TFT 12 through a contact hole (not shown) provided in the protective layer 13 and the planarization insulating layer 14.

Note that FIG. 1 shows a case where, for example, the TFT 12 is arranged for each cell 36 described later (one TFT 12 is provided for one cell 36). However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to this, and the numbers and positional relationships of the cells 36 and the TFTs 12 may be arbitrary. For example, two TFTs 12 may be arranged for three cells 36, or a boundary between two adjacent TFTs 12 may be located within the range of the cell 36.

The adhesive layer 16 is made of an insulating resin material such as polyimide, for example, similarly to the protective layer 13 and the planarization insulating layer 14. The adhesive layer 16 can be omitted as appropriate, and a sealing layer (not shown) may be provided instead of the adhesive layer 16.

The counter substrate 20 includes, for example, a support base 21 and a counter electrode 22, and the counter electrode 22 is provided on the entire surface of the support base 21 (a surface facing the drive substrate 10). The counter electrode 22 may be arranged in a matrix or segment like the pixel electrode 15.

The support base 21 is made of the same material as the support base 11 except that it is light transmissive. For the counter electrode 22, for example, a light-transmitting conductive material such as indium oxide-tin oxide (ITO), antimony oxide-tin oxide (ATO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO). (Transparent electrode material).

When displaying an image on the counter substrate 20 side, since the display device (electrophoretic element 30) is viewed through the counter electrode 22, the light transmittance (transmittance) of the counter electrode 22 should be as high as possible. For example, 80% or more. Further, the electrical resistance of the counter electrode 22 is preferably as low as possible, for example, 100Ω / □ or less.

In addition, it is preferable to provide a seal layer (seal layer 53) on the counter electrode 22 (between the counter electrode 22 and the electrophoretic element 30) on the counter electrode 22, as in the display device 3 described later, for example. . Thereby, the adhesive strength between the counter substrate 20 and the electrophoretic element 30 is ensured. The counter substrate 20 is preferably a film having a conductive layer. Furthermore, a moisture-proof film or the like that prevents moisture from entering may be provided on the display surface side of the support base 21.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the electrophoretic element 30 includes electrophoretic particles 32 and a porous layer 33 in an insulating liquid 31. The migrating particles 32 are dispersed in the insulating liquid 31, and the porous layer 33 includes a fibrous structure 331 and non-migrating particles 332, and has a plurality of pores 333. One or more partition walls 35 are adjacent to the porous layer 33 from the opposite side of the display surface (the drive substrate 10 side). These are examples of components of the electrophoretic element 30. In the present embodiment, an example in which the end surface of the display device 1 is sealed with the porous layer 33 will be described.

The insulating liquid 31 is filled in a space between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20, for example. The insulating liquid 31 is composed of, for example, any one kind or two or more kinds of non-aqueous solvents such as an organic solvent, and specifically includes hydrocarbon solvents such as paraffin or isoparaffin. It is preferable to make the viscosity and refractive index of the insulating liquid 31 as low as possible. When the viscosity of the insulating liquid 31 is lowered, the mobility (response speed) of the migrating particles 32 is improved. In accordance with this, the energy (power consumption) required to move the migrating particles 32 is reduced. When the refractive index of the insulating liquid 31 is lowered, the difference in refractive index between the insulating liquid 31 and the porous layer 33 is increased, and the reflectance of the porous layer 33 is increased.

The insulating liquid 31 may contain other various materials as necessary. For example, a colorant, a charge adjusting agent, a dispersion stabilizer, a viscosity adjusting agent, a surfactant or a resin may be added.

The electrophoretic particles 32 are one or more charged particles (electrophoretic particles) that migrate electrically, and are displayed by moving in the insulating liquid 31 toward the pixel electrode 15 or the counter electrode 22 in accordance with an electric field. An image is displayed on the surface. The migrating particles 32 are made of particles (powder) such as organic pigments, inorganic pigments, pigments, carbon materials, metal materials, metal oxides, glass, or polymer materials (resins). As the electrophoretic particles 32, one of these may be used, or two or more of them may be used. The electrophoretic particles 32 may be pulverized particles or capsule particles of resin solids containing the above particles. Note that materials corresponding to the carbon material, metal material, metal oxide, glass, or polymer material are excluded from materials corresponding to organic pigments, inorganic pigments, or pigments. The particle size of the migrating particles 32 is, for example, 30 nm to 300 nm.

Examples of the organic pigments include azo pigments, metal complex azo pigments, polycondensed azo pigments, flavanthrone pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, quinacridone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, and perylene pigments. Perinone pigments, anthrapyridine pigments, pyranthrone pigments, dioxazine pigments, thioindigo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, quinophthalone pigments or indanthrene pigments. Inorganic pigments include, for example, zinc white, antimony white, iron black, titanium boride, bengara, mapico yellow, red lead, cadmium yellow, zinc sulfide, lithopone, barium sulfide, cadmium selenide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, lead chromate Lead sulfate, barium carbonate, lead white or alumina white. Examples of the pigment include a nigrosine pigment, an azo pigment, a phthalocyanine pigment, a quinophthalone pigment, an anthraquinone pigment, and a methine pigment. The carbon material is, for example, carbon black. The metal material is, for example, gold, silver or copper. Examples of metal oxides include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, barium titanate, potassium titanate, copper-chromium oxide, copper-manganese oxide, copper-iron-manganese oxide, and copper-chromium-manganese oxide. Or copper-iron-chromium oxide. The polymer material is, for example, a polymer compound in which a functional group having a light absorption region in the visible light region is introduced. If it is a high molecular compound which has a light absorption area | region in visible region, the kind will not be specifically limited. These series of materials may be used singly or as a mixture of two or more.

The content (concentration) of the migrating particles 32 in the insulating liquid 31 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%. In this concentration range, the shielding and mobility of the migrating particles 32 are ensured. Specifically, if the content of the migrating particles 32 is less than 0.1% by weight, the migrating particles 32 are less likely to shield (conceal) the porous layer 33, and there is a possibility that sufficient contrast cannot be generated. is there. On the other hand, if the content of the migrating particles 32 is more than 10% by weight, the dispersibility of the migrating particles 32 is lowered, so that the migrating particles 32 are difficult to migrate and may aggregate.

The migrating particles 32 have arbitrary optical reflection characteristics (light reflectivity). The light reflectance of the migrating particles 32 is not particularly limited, but is preferably set so that at least the migrating particles 32 can shield the porous layer 33. This is because contrast is generated by utilizing the difference between the light reflectance of the migrating particles 32 and the light reflectance of the porous layer 33.

Here, the specific material of the migrating particles 32 is selected according to, for example, the role that the migrating particles 32 play in causing contrast. When the migrating particles 32 display brightly, for example, a metal oxide such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, barium titanate or potassium titanate is used for the migrating particles 32. Among these, titanium oxide is preferable because it is excellent in electrochemical stability and dispersibility and can provide high reflectance. When the migrating particles 32 display in the dark, the migrating particles 32 may be, for example, a carbon material such as carbon black or copper-chromium oxide, copper-manganese oxide, copper-iron-manganese oxide, copper-chromium-manganese oxide. In addition, metal oxides such as copper-iron-chromium oxide are used. Among these, it is preferable to use a carbon material for the migrating particles 32. Electrophoretic particles 32 made of a carbon material exhibit excellent chemical stability, mobility and light absorption.

In the case of bright display by the migrating particles 32, the color of the migrating particles 32 visually recognized from the outside is not particularly limited as long as a contrast can be generated, but among them, a color close to white is preferable, and white is more preferable. On the other hand, when the dark display is performed by the migrating particles 32, the color of the migrating particles 32 visually recognized from the outside is not particularly limited as long as a contrast can be generated, but among them, a color close to black is preferable, and black is more preferable. This is because in either case, high contrast can be obtained.

The migrating particles 32 are preferably easily dispersed and charged in the insulating liquid 31 for a long period of time, and are preferably not easily adsorbed to the porous layer 33. For this reason, a dispersing agent (or a charge adjusting agent) for dispersing the migrating particles 32 by electrostatic repulsion may be used, or the migrating particles 32 may be subjected to a surface treatment, or both may be used in combination.

This dispersing agent or charge adjusting agent has, for example, either positive or negative charge, or both, and increases the amount of charge in the insulating liquid 31. Examples of such a dispersant include Solsperce series manufactured by Lubrizol, BYK series or Anti-Terra series manufactured by BYK-Chemic, and Span series manufactured by TCI America.

The surface treatment is, for example, rosin treatment, surfactant treatment, pigment derivative treatment, coupling agent treatment, graft polymerization treatment or microencapsulation treatment. In particular, long-term dispersion stability of the migrating particles 32 can be maintained by performing a graft polymerization process, a microencapsulation process, or a combination thereof.

For such surface treatment, for example, a material (adsorbent material) having a functional group (adsorptive functional group) that can be adsorbed on the surface of the migrating particle 32 and a polymerizable functional group is used. The adsorptive functional group is determined according to the material for forming the migrating particles 32. For example, when the migrating particles 32 are made of a carbon material such as carbon black, an aniline derivative such as 4-vinylaniline, and when the migrating particles 32 are made of a metal oxide, methacrylic acid 3- Organosilane derivatives such as (trimethoxysilyl) propyl can be adsorbed respectively. Examples of the polymerizable functional group include a vinyl group, an acrylic group, and a methacryl group.

A surface treatment may be performed by introducing a polymerizable functional group onto the surface of the migrating particle 32 and grafting it onto the surface (graftable material). The graft material has, for example, a polymerizable functional group and a dispersing functional group. The functional group for dispersion disperses the migrating particles 32 in the insulating liquid 31 and retains dispersibility due to steric hindrance. For example, when the insulating liquid 31 is paraffin, a branched alkyl group or the like can be used as the functional group for dispersion. Examples of the polymerizable functional group include a vinyl group, an acrylic group, and a methacryl group. In order to polymerize and graft the graft material, for example, a polymerization initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) may be used. In addition, a material having a functional group capable of being adsorbed on the surface of the migrating particle 32 and an alkyl chain for imparting dispersibility can be used. Examples of such materials include titanate coupling agents (for example, KR-TTS manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.) and aluminate coupling agents.

For details of the method for dispersing the migrating particles 32 in the insulating liquid 31, see “Dispersion technology of ultrafine particles and its evaluation-surface treatment / fine pulverization and stabilization of dispersion in air / liquid / polymer— Science & Technology)).

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the porous layer 33 is a three-dimensional structure (irregular network structure such as a non-woven fabric) formed of a fibrous structure 331, and is one or two or more. Gap (pore 333). The pore 333 is filled with the insulating liquid 31, and the migrating particles 32 move between the pixel electrode 15 and the counter electrode 22 through the pore 333. The porous layer 33 may be adjacent to the counter electrode 22 or may be separated from it. The porous layer 33 may be supported by a spacer (not shown) that supports the space between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20.

The fibrous structure 331 includes one or more non-migrating particles 332, and the non-migrating particles 332 are held by the fibrous structure 331. In the porous layer 33 which is a three-dimensional structure, one fibrous structure 331 may be entangled at random, or a plurality of fibrous structures 331 may be gathered and overlap at random. However, both may be mixed. When there are a plurality of fibrous structures 331, each fibrous structure 331 preferably holds one or more non-migrating particles 332. FIG. 3 shows a case where the porous layer 33 is formed by a plurality of fibrous structures 331.

The reason why the porous layer 33 is a three-dimensional structure formed by the fibrous structure 331 is that the irregular three-dimensional structure easily causes external light to be irregularly reflected (multiple scattering). In this case, the light reflectance of the porous layer 33 is remarkably increased, and the porous layer 33 can be made thin in order to obtain the high light reflectance. This increases the contrast and reduces the energy required to move the migrating particles 32. Moreover, since the average pore diameter of the pores 333 is increased and the number thereof is increased, the migrating particles 32 can easily move through the pores 333. This shortens the time required to move the migrating particles 32 and lowers the energy required for the movement.

The reason why the non-migrating particles 332 are included in the fibrous structure 331 is that the light reflectance of the porous layer 33 becomes higher because external light is more easily diffusely reflected. Thereby, contrast becomes higher.

The fibrous structure 331 is a fibrous substance having a sufficient length with respect to the fiber diameter (diameter). The fibrous structure 331 is assembled and randomly overlapped to form the porous layer 33. One fibrous structure 331 may be entangled randomly to form the porous layer 33. Or the porous layer 33 by the one fibrous structure 331 and the porous layer 33 by the some fibrous structure 331 may be mixed.

The shape (appearance) of the fibrous structure 331 is not particularly limited as long as the fibrous structure 331 has a sufficiently long length with respect to the fiber diameter as described above. Specifically, it may be linear, may be curled, or may be bent in the middle. Moreover, you may branch to 1 or 2 or more directions on the way, not only extending in one direction. The fibrous structure 331 is formed by, for example, a phase separation method, a phase inversion method, an electrostatic (electric field) spinning method, a melt spinning method, a wet spinning method, a dry spinning method, a gel spinning method, a sol-gel method, or a spray coating method. Is done. By using such a method, the fibrous structure 331 having a sufficient length with respect to the fiber diameter can be easily and stably formed.

The minimum fiber diameter of the fibrous structure 331 is only required to hold the non-migrating particles 332, and is preferably 500 nm or less, and more preferably 300 nm or less, for example. The average fiber diameter of the fibrous structure 331 is preferably, for example, from 50 nm to 2000 nm, but may be outside the above range. The average fiber diameter can be measured, for example, by microscopic observation using a scanning electron microscope or the like. The average length of the fibrous structure 331 is arbitrary.

The pore 333 is formed by overlapping a plurality of fibrous structures 331 or entwining one fibrous structure 331. The average pore diameter of the pores 333 is not particularly limited, but is preferably as large as possible so that the migrating particles 32 can easily move through the pores 333. For this reason, the average pore diameter of the pores 333 is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

The thickness of the porous layer 33 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 μm to 100 μm. This is because the shielding property of the porous layer 33 is enhanced and the migrating particles 32 are easily moved through the pores 333.

The fibrous structure 331 is preferably a nanofiber. Here, the nanofiber is a fibrous substance having a fiber diameter of 0.001 μm to 0.1 μm and a length of 100 times or more of the fiber diameter. By using such a nanofiber as the fibrous structure 331, light is easily irregularly reflected, and the reflectance of the porous layer 33 can be further improved. That is, the contrast of the electrophoretic element 30 can be improved. Further, in the fibrous structure 331 made of nanofibers, the proportion of the pores 333 in the unit volume increases, and the migrating particles 32 can easily move through the pores 333. Therefore, the energy required for moving the migrating particles 32 can be reduced. The fibrous structure 331 made of nanofibers is preferably formed by an electrostatic spinning method. By using the electrostatic spinning method, the fibrous structure 331 having a small fiber diameter can be formed easily and stably.

The fibrous structure 331 is formed of, for example, any one kind or two or more kinds of a polymer material or an inorganic material. Examples of the polymer material include nylon, polylactic acid, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexa Fluoropropylene, cellulose acetate, collagen, gelatin, chitosan or copolymers thereof. The inorganic material is, for example, titanium oxide. Among these, a polymer material is preferable as a material for forming the fibrous structure 331. This is because the reactivity (photoreactivity, etc.) is low (chemically stable), so that an unintended decomposition reaction of the fibrous structure 331 is suppressed. Note that in the case where the fibrous structure 331 is formed of a highly reactive material, the surface of the fibrous structure 331 is preferably covered with an arbitrary protective layer.

In particular, in the present embodiment, the end face of the display device 1 is sealed with the porous layer 33, specifically, the fibrous structure 331, as will be described in detail later. For this reason, as a material of the fibrous structure 331, it is preferable to use the polymeric material which has thermoplasticity among the said polymeric materials. The polymer material preferably has a glass transition point (Tg) of less than 180 ° C, more preferably 170 ° C or less. This is because the plastic material (for example, PET) used for the support bases 11 and 21 is deformed around 240 ° C., and the hydrocarbon solvent used as the insulating liquid 31 has a boiling point of about 180 ° C. is there. Further, the melting point (Tm) or softening point of the polymer material is preferably 90 ° C. or higher. This is because there is a concern that the polymer material may be deformed during normal use if it reacts with heat of, for example, about 70 ° C. to 80 ° C. Examples of the material of the fibrous structure 331 include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, polyethyl ethacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, and other acrylic resins, polyurethane, nylon, poly Lactic acid, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene Hexafluoropropylene, cellulose acetate, collagen, gelatin, be used chitosan or copolymers thereof preferred.

The fibrous structure 331 preferably has an optical reflection characteristic different from that of the migrating particles 32. Specifically, the light reflectance of the fibrous structure 331 is not particularly limited, but is preferably set so that at least the porous layer 33 can shield the migrating particles 32 as a whole. This is because the contrast is generated by utilizing the difference between the light reflectance of the migrating particles 32 and the light reflectance of the porous layer 33. Accordingly, the fibrous structure 331 having light transparency (colorless and transparent) in the insulating liquid 31 is not preferable. However, the light reflectivity of the fibrous structure 331 hardly affects the light reflectivity of the entire porous layer 33, and the light reflectivity of the entire porous layer 33 is substantially the light reflectivity of the non-migrating particles 332. , The light reflectance of the fibrous structure 331 may be arbitrary.

The non-migrating particles 332 are one or more particles that are fixed to the fibrous structure 331 and do not migrate electrically. The non-migrating particles 332 may be embedded in the held fibrous structure 331 or may partially protrude from the fibrous structure 331.

The non-electrophoretic particle 332 has an optical reflection characteristic different from that of the electrophoretic particle 32. The light reflectance of the non-migrating particles 332 is not particularly limited, but is preferably set so that at least the porous layer 33 can shield the migrating particles 32 as a whole. This is because contrast is generated by utilizing the difference between the light reflectance of the migrating particles 32 and the light reflectance of the porous layer 33.

Here, the specific forming material of the non-migrating particles 332 is selected according to the role played by the non-migrating particles 332 in order to generate contrast, for example. Specifically, the material for the bright display by the non-migrating particles 332 is the same as the material selected for the bright display by the migrating particles 32. On the other hand, the material for dark display by the non-migrating particles 332 is the same as the material selected for dark display by the migrating particles 32. Among these, as a material selected when displaying brightly by the non-migrating particles 332, a metal oxide is preferable, and titanium oxide is more preferable. This is because it is excellent in electrochemical stability and fixability, and high reflectance can be obtained. As long as a contrast can be generated, the material for forming the non-migrating particles 332 may be the same type as the material for forming the migrating particles 32, or may be a different type.

It should be noted that the color visually recognized when the non-migrating particles 332 are displayed brightly or darkly is the same as the case where the color where the migrating particles 32 are visually recognized is described.

Further, the non-electrophoretic particles 332 may be used in combination of two or more kinds of particles having different particle diameters.

In addition, the porous layer 33 may be formed by forming a pore 333 by drilling a polymer film using a laser, and a cloth knitted with synthetic fibers or the like on the porous layer 33, Alternatively, open-cell porous polymer may be used.

The partition 35 partitions the possible range of the migrating particles 32 dispersed in the insulating liquid 31, and for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a space (cell 36 to be described later) that accommodates the migrating particles 32. Is formed. For example, the partition wall 35 extends toward the counter substrate 20 and is adjacent to a part of the porous layer 33 from the opposite side of the display surface.

The number and arrangement pattern of the cells 36 formed by the partition walls 35 are not particularly limited. However, in order to efficiently arrange the plurality of cells 36, the cells 36 are preferably arranged in a matrix (arrangement of a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns). Further, the shape (opening shape) of the cell 36 is not particularly limited, and may be a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 2 or another shape (such as a hexagon).

The material for forming the partition wall 35 is not particularly limited as long as it does not affect the operation performance of the electrophoretic element 30, but is preferably a resin that is excellent in molding. This is because it is easy to form the partition wall 35 having a desired size and shape. This resin is, for example, a thermoplastic resin or a photo-curing resin (including a resist for photolithography), and other resins may be used.

When a resin is used as the material for forming the partition wall 35, the partition wall 35 is formed by, for example, a thermal imprint method using a thermoplastic resin or a photo imprint method using a photocurable resin. . Specifically, in the thermal imprint method, for example, after a mold (female mold) is pressed onto a resin (polymer material) heated to a glass transition temperature or higher, the mold is peeled off from the cooled resin. Thereby, since the shape of a mold is transcribe | transferred to the surface of resin, the partition 35 which has a desired shape is formed. This mold may be, for example, a photoresist film formed by a photolithography method, or a metal plate formed by machining such as a cutting tool.

The partition wall 35 may have a support body 37 that is continuous with the drive substrate 10, and the partition wall 35 may be supported by the support body 37. In this case, the partition and support 37 may be unitized (partition unit 38). However, the partition wall 35 and the support body 37 may be integrated or separated. In the latter case, the support 37 may be a film or the like.

The width W of the partition wall 35 may be uniform or non-uniform in the extending direction. For example, the width W is preferably gradually reduced as the porous layer 33 is approached. This is because the opening range (R3) of the cell 36 is widened toward the display surface side, and the immovable region (R4) of the migrating particles 32 is narrowed accordingly, so that the image display range is widened. The inclination angle (so-called taper angle) of the side surface of the partition wall 35 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 60 ° to 90 °, preferably 75 ° to 85 °.

The pitch and height of the partition walls 35 are not particularly limited and can be set arbitrarily. For example, the pitch of the partition walls 35 is 30 μm to 300 μm, preferably 60 μm to 150 μm, and the height of the partition walls 35 is 10 μm to 100 μm, preferably 30 μm to 50 μm.

The height of the partition walls 35 and the thickness of the porous layer 33 in the Z-axis direction (hereinafter simply referred to as thickness) are preferably substantially uniform. This is because the distance between the pixel electrode 15 and the counter electrode 22 (so-called gap) is constant, and the electric field strength is made uniform. Thereby, nonuniformity such as response speed is improved.

(1-2. Manufacturing method of display device)
The display device 1 of the present embodiment can be manufactured by the following method, for example. In addition, the manufacturing method demonstrated here is an example, You may manufacture using another method.

First, as shown in FIG. 4A, the TFT 12, the protective layer 13, the planarization insulating layer 14, and the pixel electrode 15 are formed in this order on one surface of the support base 11 to produce the drive substrate 10 and the adhesive layer 16. The partition unit 38 is formed through the gap. In addition, as a formation method of each component, for example, an existing formation method can be selected and used as needed. Further, as described above, the partition unit 38 may be formed by resin molding using a thermal imprint method or the like to integrally form the partition 35 and the support 37, or may be formed separately. In addition to the adhesive layer 16, a seal layer or the like may be formed between the planarization insulating layer 14 and the pixel electrode 15 and the partition unit 38 as necessary.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4B, the migrating particles 32 and the porous layer 33 are accommodated in the cell 36 formed by the partition unit 38 and the insulating liquid 31 is injected. In the case of forming the porous layer 33, for example, a spinning solution is prepared by dispersing the forming material of the fibrous structure 331 in an organic solvent, and the non-electrophoretic particles 332 are dispersed in the spinning solution. Spin by electrospinning method. This spinning process may be performed in the air or in a reduced pressure atmosphere. Thereby, the porous layer 33 in which the non-migrating particles 332 are held by the fibrous structure 331 is formed. In the porous layer 33 after this formation, the area occupancy rate of the pores 333 is substantially uniform throughout.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4C, the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 including the counter electrode 22 are arranged to face each other, and the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 are bonded together. At this time, the cell 36 is sealed by the counter substrate 20 by providing a seal layer on the counter electrode 22.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4D, the porous layer 33 (specifically, a fibrous structure, for example, by applying an external stimulus such as heat and pressure (P) to an arbitrary place from the counter substrate 20 side, for example. The body 331) is melted (or softened) to form a sealing portion 33A in which the driving substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 are welded. Finally, by cutting out the outside of the sealing portion 33A, the display device 1 (FIG. 1) whose end face is sealed by the sealing portion 33A is completed.

Note that either the bonding (sealing) step and the cutting step between the driving substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 may be performed first, but in order to prevent the insulating liquid 31 and the migrating particles 32 from flowing out, sealing is performed. It is preferable to perform the process first. In addition to heat and pressure, other external stimuli such as light irradiation may be used depending on the constituent material of the fibrous structure. Here, the sealing is performed by heating and pressurization, but either the heat or the pressure may be used as long as the fibrous structure 331 can be melted and the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 can be bonded. .

(1-3. Operation of display device)
The display device 1 operates as follows. 5A and 5B are diagrams for explaining the operation of the display device, and show a cross-sectional configuration corresponding to FIG. Here, in order to simplify the illustrated contents, the porous layer 33 is simplified, and the adhesive layer 16 and the partition unit 38 are omitted.

In the display device 1 in the initial state, the migrating particles 32 are arranged in the retreat area R1 (FIG. 5A). In this case, since the migrating particles 32 are shielded by the porous layer 33 in all the pixels, when the display device 1 is viewed from the counter substrate 20 side, no contrast is generated (an image is not displayed). It is in.

On the other hand, when a pixel is selected by the TFT 12 and an electric field is applied between the pixel electrode 15 and the counter electrode 22, as shown in FIG. 5B, the migrating particles 32 are moved from the retreat area R1 to the porous layer 33 for each pixel. It moves to the display area R2 via (pore 333). In this case, since the pixels in which the migrating particles 32 are shielded by the porous layer 33 and the pixels that are not shielded coexist, when the display device 1 is viewed from the counter substrate 20 side, the contrast is generated. Become. Thereby, an image is displayed.

(1-4. Action and effect)
In the electrophoretic display, in order to prevent the invasion of substances from the outside and the outflow of substances from the inside, as described above, for example, the entire display device is sealed (so-called laminating) or the counter substrate is driven by a protective film. The end surface is sealed by bending the back surface of the substrate or providing a moisture-proof resin.

In general electrophoretic displays, among the above methods, a sealing method in which a moisture-proof resin is provided on the end face is often used. However, in this sealing method, an interface always occurs between the moisture-proof resin and each member. Therefore, there is a concern that the mechanical strength and the storage characteristics are deteriorated. Also, in other methods, when an end face is generated at an arbitrary place due to cutout after manufacturing, it is difficult to easily seal the end face. In particular, in a so-called microcup type electrophoretic display in which a plurality of small chambers called microcups are formed between substrates and liquid and fine particles are enclosed in the small chambers, if an end face is generated at an arbitrary position, this What about microcups and substrates? There is a concern that it will be removed. For this reason, the freedom degree of the shape of the electrophoretic display as a display device is low, and the improvement is demanded.

On the other hand, in the display device 1 of the present embodiment, the porous layer 33 (specifically, the fibrous structure) constituting the electrophoretic element 30 provided between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20. 331), the end face was sealed. Accordingly, the end face can be sealed without providing a separate sealing member on the end face of the display device 1 as in the case of the moisture-proof resin. In addition, since sealing can be performed by a component (here, the porous layer 33) disposed between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20, sealing at an arbitrary place is possible.

As described above, in the present embodiment, since the gap between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 is sealed by the porous layer 33, sealing at any place is possible, and an end face is formed at any place. It becomes possible to do. That is, the degree of freedom of the shape of the display device 1 can be improved.

Further, the display device 1 of the present embodiment can not only be cut out in a free shape as described above, but also be able to join the display devices 1 after manufacture, for example, to sew them to other members. . Specifically, after forming the sealing portion 33A in which the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 are welded, the sealing portion 33A is sewn to another member with a thread or the like as a reinforcing portion. At this time, by using a thread made of a thermoplastic polymer, it is possible to melt the thread portion and integrate it with the sealing portion 33A by heating again after sewing. As a result, the range of use of the display device 1 can be expanded.

In the present embodiment, since the electrophoretic element 30 formed by the fibrous structure 331 in which the porous layer 33 holds the non-electrophoretic particles 332 is used, end face sealing after cutting is easily performed. It becomes possible. This is because the outflow of the internal liquid (for example, the insulating liquid 31) is reduced by the capillary phenomenon due to the fibrous structure 331.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the end surface is sealed using a component member provided between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20, sealing is performed inside the end surfaces of the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20. A part (here, the sealing part 33A) is formed. Thereby, it becomes possible to reduce the peripheral area | region of the display apparatus 1, and it becomes possible to implement | achieve a narrow frame. Further, in the present embodiment, the sealing member 33A is formed by using an external stimulus such as heat or pressure for the constituent members of the electrophoretic element 30, so that the sealing portion is separately formed using a sealing material. In comparison, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Furthermore, by using the fibrous structure 331 as in the present embodiment, an insulating liquid in which the migrating particles 32 are dispersed as in an electrophoretic display using a microcup method or a microcapsule method described later. Even if the particles 31 are not divided into small rooms (or microcapsules), it is possible to prevent display defects due to the lateral movement of the migrating particles 32. In this case, it is preferable to provide the spacer and beads. As a result, the mechanical strength of the display device can be improved.

Next, modified examples (modified examples 1 to 5) and the second embodiment will be described. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component corresponding to the display apparatus 1 of the said 1st Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted.

<2. Modification>
(2-1. Modification 1)
FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (display device 2) according to a modification example (modification example 1) of the first embodiment. Similar to the first embodiment, the display device 2 is an electrophoretic display that uses an electrophoretic phenomenon to generate contrast, and an electrophoretic element (electrophoretic element) is used as a display element (display body). 40) is used. This modification is different from the first embodiment in that the end surface is sealed by a partition wall 45 among the constituent members of the electrophoretic element 40. FIG. 6 schematically shows the configuration of the display device 2 and may differ from actual dimensions and shapes.

The electrophoretic element 40 includes the electrophoretic particles 32 and the porous layer 33 in the insulating liquid 31 as in the first embodiment. The migrating particles 32 are dispersed in the insulating liquid 31, and the porous layer 33 includes a fibrous structure 331 and non-migrating particles 332, and has a plurality of pores 333. One or more partition walls 45 are adjacent to the porous layer 33 from the opposite side of the display surface.

The partition wall 45 partitions the possible range of the migrating particles 32 dispersed in the insulating liquid 31 and forms a space (cell 36) for accommodating the migrating particles 32. The partition wall 45 of the present embodiment is preferably formed using the materials mentioned as the preferable forming material of the fibrous structure 331 in the first embodiment. That is, it is preferable to use a polymer material having thermoplasticity as a material for forming the partition wall 45. The polymer material preferably has a glass transition point (Tg) of less than 180 ° C, more preferably 170 ° C or less. Further, the melting point (Tm) or softening point of the polymer material is preferably 90 ° C. or higher. Specific materials include, for example, PMMA, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, polyethyl ethacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, and other acrylic resins, polyurethane, nylon, polylactic acid, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, It is preferable to use polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, cellulose acetate, collagen, gelatin, chitosan or copolymers thereof.

As described above, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can also be obtained by forming the sealing portion 45A between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 by the partition wall 45.

Moreover, you may make it form the partition 45, for example using a photocurable resin. When forming the partition 45 using a photocurable resin, after forming the fibrous structure 331, for example, the drive board | substrate 10 is immersed in a photocurable resin, and light is irradiated to a desired position. Thereby, the resin of the light irradiation portion is cured, and the partition wall 45 is formed. At this time, it is preferable that the width (W ₁ ) of the partition wall 45 portion serving as the sealing portion 45A is formed thick enough to be visible in advance. The width (W ₁ ) of the partition wall 45 portion serving as the sealing portion 45A is preferably 1 mm or more. Thereby, sealing with the partition 45 of the display device 2 can be easily performed, and mechanical strength can be obtained. The uncured resin can be removed by washing. Next, after the migrating particles 32 are accommodated in the cells 46 partitioned by the partition walls 45 and an insulating liquid is injected, the driving substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 are bonded together. Finally, the display device 2 is completed by cutting the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 along the partition 45 serving as the sealing portion 45A.

(2-2. Modification 2)
FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (display device 3) according to a modification example (modification example 2) of the first embodiment. Similar to the first embodiment, the display device 3 is an electrophoretic display that uses an electrophoretic phenomenon to generate contrast, and an electrophoretic element (electrophoretic element) is used as a display element (display body). 30) is used. In the present modification, a seal layer 53 is provided on the counter substrate 20 in contact with the electrophoretic element 30, and the seal layer 53 is bonded to, for example, an adhesive layer 56 provided on the drive substrate 10 side to thereby display the display device. 3 is different from the first embodiment and the first modification in that the end face of 3 is sealed. FIG. 7 schematically shows the configuration of the display device 3 and may differ from actual dimensions and shapes.

The seal layer 53 functions as an electrode protective layer that seals the electrophoretic element 30 from the counter substrate 20 side and protects the counter electrode 22. The seal layer 53 and the adhesive layer 56 of this modification are preferably formed using the materials mentioned as the preferred formation materials of the fibrous structure 331 in the first embodiment. That is, it is preferable to use a polymer material having thermoplasticity as a material for forming the seal layer 53 and the adhesive layer 56 of this modification. The polymer material preferably has a glass transition point (Tg) of less than 180 ° C, more preferably 170 ° C or less. Further, the melting point (Tm) or softening point of the polymer material is preferably 90 ° C. or higher. Specific materials include, for example, PMMA, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, polyethyl ethacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, and other acrylic resins, polyurethane, nylon, polylactic acid, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, It is preferable to use polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, cellulose acetate, collagen, gelatin, chitosan or copolymers thereof.

Thus, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained by forming the sealing portion 53A by bonding the seal layer 53 and the adhesive layer 56 together.

In this modification, the sealing portion 53A is formed by using the adhesive layer 56 provided on the drive substrate 10 side and the seal layer 53 provided on the counter substrate 20 side. It is also possible to form the sealing portion 53 </ b> A using only 53 or only the adhesive layer 56. In that case, it is preferable to increase the thickness of the member (seal layer 53 or adhesive layer 56) forming the sealing portion 53A. Thereby, the formation of the sealing portion 53A is facilitated and the mechanical strength of the sealing portion 53A can be maintained.

(2-3. Modification 3)
In the display device of the present disclosure, the polymer material mentioned as the forming material of the fibrous structure 331 in the first embodiment may be added to the insulating liquid 31 as an additive. The gap between the driving substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 can also be sealed with this additive.

(2-4. Modification 4)
FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (display device 4) according to a modified example (modified example 4) of the first embodiment. The display device 4 is an electrophoretic display that produces contrast using an electrophoretic phenomenon, as in the first embodiment. This modification is different from the first embodiment and Modifications 1 to 3 in that a microcapsule electrophoretic element (electrophoretic element 60) is used as a display element (display body). . FIG. 8 schematically shows the configuration of the display device 4 and may differ from actual dimensions and shapes.

The electrophoretic element 60 is composed of a plurality of microcapsules 61 each containing electrophoretic particles. The plurality of microcapsules 61 are disposed between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 and are fixed by, for example, a binder 64 and an adhesive layer 16. In the microcapsule 61, a plurality of white electrophoretic particles 63A and a plurality of black electrophoretic particles 63B are accommodated, and a dispersion medium 62 is filled.

The microcapsule 61 has a spherical shape, and one or a plurality of microcapsules 61 are arranged in one pixel (in other words, for one pixel electrode 15). The particle size of the microcapsule 61 is not particularly limited, but is about 50 μm, for example. The microcapsule 61 is made of a light-transmitting polymer material such as acrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate and polyethyl methacrylate, urea resin, gum arabic, and gelatin.

The dispersion medium 62 is for dispersing the migrating particles 63A and the migrating particles 63B in the microcapsule 61. The dispersion medium 62 only needs to be able to disperse the migrating particles 63A and the migrating particles 63B. For example, water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, octanol, methyl cellosolve and other alcohol solvents, and various esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate. , Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane and octane, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, hexylbenzene and hebutylbenzene , Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzenes having a long chain alkyl group such as octylbenzene, nonylbenzene, decylbenzene, undecylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, tridecylbenzene, tetradecylbenzene, etc., methylene chloride, Chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-halogenated hydrocarbons dichloroethane, carboxylate or other oils may be used alone or as a mixture thereof. Further, the dispersion medium 62 may contain a surfactant.

The migrating particle 63A and the migrating particle 63B have different optical reflection characteristics. Here, the migrating particle 63A is responsible for bright display (for example, white display), and the migrating particle 63B is responsible for dark display (for example, black display). Moreover, it is preferable that the migrating particles 63A and the migrating particles 63B have different charges. Thus, the migrating particles 63A and the migrating particles 63B can move in the dispersion medium 62 by an electric field generated by a potential difference between the pixel electrode 15 and the counter electrode 22.

When the migrating particles 63A display brightly, the migrating particles 63A are made of titanium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, barium titanate, potassium titanate, or the like, similarly to the non-migrating particles 332 in the first embodiment. It is preferable to use a metal oxide or the like.

When dark display is performed by the migrating particles 63B, the migrating particles 63B are similar to the migrating particles 32 in the first embodiment, such as carbon materials such as carbon black, copper-chromium oxide, copper-manganese oxide, Metal oxides such as copper-iron-manganese oxide, copper-chromium-manganese oxide and copper-iron-chromium oxide are used. Among these, it is preferable to use a carbon material for the migrating particles 32.

In addition, it is preferable that the migrating particles 63A and the migrating particles 63B are easily dispersed and charged in the dispersion medium 62 for a long period of time and are difficult to adsorb each other. For this reason, a dispersing agent (or charge adjusting agent) for dispersing the migrating particles 63A and the migrating particles 63B by electrostatic repulsion may be used, or the migrating particles 63A and the migrating particles 63B may be subjected to a surface treatment. May be.

The binder 64 fixes the plurality of microcapsules 61 between the driving substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 as described above. The material of the binder 64 is preferably light transmissive, and is preferably formed using the materials mentioned as the preferred forming materials of the fibrous structure 331 in the first embodiment. That is, it is preferable to use a polymer material having thermoplasticity as a forming material of the binder 64 of this modification. The polymer material preferably has a glass transition point (Tg) of less than 180 ° C, more preferably 170 ° C or less. Further, the melting point (Tm) or softening point of the polymer material is preferably 90 ° C. or higher. Specific materials include, for example, PMMA, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, polyethyl ethacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, and other acrylic resins, polyurethane, nylon, polylactic acid, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, It is preferable to use polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, cellulose acetate, collagen, gelatin, chitosan or copolymers thereof.

In this modification, a microcapsule electrophoretic element 60 is used as the electrophoretic element, and the binder 64 is formed using the above material. As a result, it is possible to form the sealing portion 64 </ b> A by the binder 64, and it is possible to seal the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20. Therefore, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained.

(2-5. Modification 5)
FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (display device 5) according to a modification example (modification example 5) of the modification example 4 described above. The display device 5 uses a microcapsule electrophoretic element (electrophoretic element 70) as a display element (display body), as in the fourth modification. This modified example is different from the modified example 4 in that the end surface is sealed by the microcapsule 71 among the constituent members of the electrophoretic element 70. FIG. 9 schematically shows the configuration of the display device 5 and may differ from actual dimensions and shapes.

The microcapsule 71 of the present modification is preferably formed using the materials mentioned as the preferable forming material of the fibrous structure 331 in the first embodiment. That is, it is preferable to use a polymer material having thermoplasticity as a forming material of the microcapsule 71 of this modification. The polymer material preferably has a glass transition point (Tg) of less than 180 ° C, more preferably 170 ° C or less. Further, the melting point (Tm) or softening point of the polymer material is preferably 90 ° C. or higher. Specific materials include, for example, PMMA, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, polyethyl ethacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, and other acrylic resins, polyurethane, nylon, polylactic acid, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, It is preferable to use polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, cellulose acetate, collagen, gelatin, chitosan or copolymers thereof.

In this way, even when the sealing portion 73A is formed between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 by the microcapsule 71, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained as in the fourth modification. .

<3. Second Embodiment>
FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (display device 6) according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. The display device 6 is an electrophoretic display that generates contrast using an electrophoretic phenomenon, and includes a fibrous structure 831 as a display element (display body) as in the first embodiment. An electrophoretic element (electrophoretic element 80) is used. In the display device 1 according to the present embodiment, the end surface is sealed (sealing portion) using a constituent member of the electrophoretic element 80 or an adhesive member between the electrophoretic element 80 and the substrate (the driving substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20). 83A), and the interface S ₀ between the counter substrate 20 and the electrophoretic element 80 is bonded by the porous layer 83 (specifically, the fibrous structure 831). FIG. 10 schematically shows the configuration of the display device 6 and may differ from actual dimensions and shapes.

The fibrous structure 831 in this embodiment is formed as a stacked body (eg, a two-layer structure of

fibrous structures

831A and 831B) made of different materials. As the material of each of the

fibrous structures

831A and 831B, the material mentioned as the preferable forming material of the fibrous structure 331 in the first embodiment is used for the fibrous structure 831A on the drive substrate 10 side. Is preferred. That is, the glass transition point (Tg) is preferably less than 180 ° C., and more preferably a polymer material having thermoplasticity of 170 ° C. or less is used. For the fibrous structure 831B on the counter substrate 20 side, it is preferable to use a polymer material having a generally high softening point (for example, 100 ° C. or higher). Thereby, by adjusting the application time of the external stimulus, the interface S ₀ between the counter substrate 20 and the electrophoretic element 80 can be adhered without crushing the pores 333, that is, while maintaining the fiber structure. It becomes. Specifically, acrylic resin such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyolefin, polyethyl ethacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polyurethane, nylon, polylactic acid, polyamide, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene oxide, Polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropylene, cellulose acetate, collagen, gelatin, chitosan or copolymers thereof can be used. In particular, hot-melt styrene-based, olefin-based, vinyl chloride-based, urethane-based, and amide-based elastomers are preferable. Thereby, elasticity can be added to the surface of the porous layer 83, and the overall mechanical strength of the display device 6 can be improved.

In the present embodiment, after the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20 are bonded together, the fibrous structure 831 (in contact with the counter substrate 20 by applying external stimuli such as heat and pressure to the entire surface of the counter substrate 20, for example. Specifically, the fibrous structure 831B) is melted, and it is possible to adhere the surface S ₀ of the counter substrate 20 and the electrophoretic elements 80. Thereby, in addition to the effect in the first embodiment, the adhesive strength between the counter substrate 20 and the electrophoretic element 80 is improved, and the reliability of the display device 1 can be improved. .

Here, only the case where the interface S ₀ between the counter substrate 20 and the electrophoretic element 80 is bonded by the fibrous structure 831 has been described, but the interface between the driving substrate 10 and the electrophoretic element 80 is also a fibrous structure. You may make it adhere | attach by the body 831. FIG. Further, only the interface between the drive substrate 10 and the electrophoretic element 80 may be bonded by the fibrous structure 831. Furthermore, for example, as shown in Modification 2, a seal layer 53 may be provided on the counter substrate 20 side, and the interface S ₀ between the counter substrate 20 and the electrophoretic element 80 may be bonded by the seal layer 53. .

<4. Application example>
Next, application examples of the display devices (display devices 1 to 6) described in the first and second embodiments and the first to fifth modifications will be described. However, the configuration of the electronic device described below is merely an example, and the configuration can be changed as appropriate. The display device 1 (and the display devices 2 to 6) can be applied to various types of electronic devices or clothing, and the types of the electronic devices are not particularly limited.

(Application example 1)
FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B show the external configuration of an electronic book. The electronic book includes, for example, a display unit 110, a non-display unit 120, and an operation unit 130. Note that the operation unit 130 may be provided on the front surface of the non-display unit 120 as illustrated in FIG. 11A, or may be provided on the upper surface as illustrated in FIG. 11B. The display unit 110 is configured by the display device 1. The display device 1 (and the display devices 2 to 6) may be mounted on a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) having the same configuration as the electronic book shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B.

(Application example 2)
FIG. 12 shows the appearance of a tablet personal computer. The tablet personal computer has, for example, a touch panel unit 310 and a housing 320, and the touch panel unit 310 is configured by the display device 1 (and display devices 2 to 6).

(Application example 3)
The display device 1 (and the display devices 2 to 6) can be applied to a part of clothing such as a watch (watch), a bag, clothes, a hat, glasses and shoes as a so-called wearable terminal. . Below, an example of such an electronic device integrated with clothing is shown.

13A and 13B show the appearance of an electronic timepiece (wristwatch-integrated electronic device). The electronic timepiece has, for example, a dial (character information display portion) 410 and a band portion (color pattern display portion) 420, and the dial 410 and the band portion 420 include the display device 1. It is configured. For example, various characters and designs are displayed on the dial plate 410 as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B by display driving using the above-described electrophoretic element. The band unit 420 is a part that can be attached to, for example, an arm. By using the display device 1 in the band unit 420, various color patterns can be displayed, and the design of the band unit 420 can be changed from the example of FIG. 13A to the example of FIG. 13B. . Electronic devices that are also useful in fashion applications can be realized.

<5. Example>
Next, examples of the present disclosure will be described in detail.

(Experimental example 1)
[Preparation of migrating particles and insulating liquid containing the same]
First, after preparing a mixed solution of 400 ml of tetrahydrofuran and 400 ml of methanol, 50 g of complex oxide fine particles (copper-iron-manganese oxide: Dipyroxide Color TM 9550 manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) are added to the solution. Ultrasonic stirring (at 25 ° C. to 35 ° C. for 30 minutes) was performed in an ultrasonic bath. Next, 40 ml of 28% ammonia water was added dropwise to the dispersion of the composite oxide fine particles over 30 minutes, and then a solution in which 10 g of preneact KR-TTS (manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 80 ml of tetrahydrofuran was added over 30 minutes. And dripped. Subsequently, the temperature of the ultrasonic bath was raised to 60 ° C. and held for 3 hours, and then cooled to room temperature, followed by centrifugation and decantation. Subsequently, the precipitate after decantation was redispersed in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and methanol (volume ratio of 1: 1), followed by centrifugation and decantation. The precipitate obtained by repeating this washing operation three times was dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 70 ° C. As a result, black electrophoretic particles coated with a negatively charged dispersing group in the insulating liquid were obtained.

After preparing the migrating particles, 6 g of long-chain alkyl succinic anhydride as a dispersant was dissolved in 83.3 g of insulating liquid to prepare solution A. 1 g of the migrating particles was added to 9 g of this solution A, and after ultrasonic dispersion, centrifugation and decantation were performed, and the dispersion was again dispersed in the insulating liquid. This operation was repeated three times, so that the electrophoretic particle component in the obtained dispersion was adjusted to 10% by weight. Next, 49.6 g of the insulating liquid, 0.25 g of the basic additive alkylamine, and 0.12 g of the acidic additive are added to 50 g of the solution B and stirred, and the migrating particles, the acidic additive, and the basic additive are respectively added. An insulating liquid containing 0.4 mmol (acidic additive) and 1.75 mmol (basic additive) was obtained.

[Preparation of porous layer]
First, titanium oxide having an average primary particle size of 250 nm was prepared as non-electrophoretic particles, which was mixed in tetrahydrofuran in which a carboxylic acid anionic surfactant A was dissolved, and stirred for 1 hour using a paint shaker. . Next, the mixture was centrifuged (5000 rpm for 10 minutes), the solvent was removed by decantation, washed 3 times, and dried overnight at 70 ° C. As a result, titanium oxide coated with a carboxylic acid anionic surfactant A was obtained. This titanium oxide (non-electrophoretic particle) is designated as T-1.

Next, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) having a glass transition point (Tg) of 105 ° C. was used as a constituent material of the fibrous structure. After 13 g of this polymethyl methacrylate was dissolved in 87 g of N, N′-dimethylformamide, 30 g of T-1 as non-electrophoretic particles was added to 70 g of this solution and mixed with a bead mill. As a result, a spinning solution for forming a fibrous structure was obtained. Subsequently, a pixel electrode made of ITO having a predetermined pattern was formed on the drive substrate, and then spinning was performed using this spinning solution to produce a porous layer. Specifically, the spinning solution was put into a syringe, and spinning was performed on a driving substrate. Spinning was performed using an electrospinning apparatus (NANON manufactured by MEC Co., Ltd.).

[Bonding of drive substrate and counter substrate]
Next, an insulating liquid containing migrating particles was injected into the partition wall designed to a height of 15 μm together with the porous layer. Since the partition wall has a structure in which one side is open, the opening side is closed with a counter substrate coated with a seal layer, and the driving substrate and the counter substrate are bonded by performing a sealing operation on the end surface portion.

In this experiment (Experimental Example 1), the sealing operation was performed by applying pressure while applying a temperature of 105 ° C. from both sides of the drive substrate and the counter substrate using a desktop degassing sealer.

(Experimental example 2)
In this experiment, a fibrous structure was produced using the same method as in Experimental Example 1 except that polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA) having a glass transition point (Tg) of 65 ° C. was used. The sealing operation was performed by applying pressure while applying a temperature of 65 ° C. from both sides of the drive substrate and the counter substrate with a desktop degassing sealer.

(Experimental example 3)
In this experiment, a PMMA / PEMA copolymer particle having a glass transition point (Tg) of 84 ° C. as an additive was dispersed in an insulating liquid using the same method as in Experimental Example 1. The sealing operation was performed by applying pressure while applying a temperature of 85 ° C. from both sides of the drive substrate and the counter substrate with a desktop degassing sealer.

(Experimental example 4)
In this experiment, the seal layer was prepared using the same method as in Experimental Example 1 except that polyurethane having a softening point of 100 ° C. was used. The sealing operation was performed by applying pressure while applying a temperature of 100 ° C. from both sides of the drive substrate and the counter substrate with a desktop degassing sealer.

(Experimental example 5)
In this experiment, a fibrous structure was produced using the same method as in Experimental Example 1 except that PMMA having a glass transition point (Tg) of 105 ° C. was used. The sealing work was performed by applying pressure only from both sides of the drive substrate and the counter substrate with a desktop degassing sealer.

(Experimental example 6)
In this experiment, a fibrous structure was produced using the same method as in Experimental Example 1 except that PMMA having a glass transition point (Tg) of 105 ° C. was used. The sealing operation was performed by applying only a temperature of 170 ° C. from both sides of the drive substrate and the counter substrate.

(Experimental example 7)
In this experiment, a fibrous structure was produced using the same method as in Experimental Example 1 except that PMMA having a glass transition point (Tg) of 105 ° C. was used. The sealing operation was performed by applying only a temperature of 105 ° C. from both sides of the drive substrate and the counter substrate.

(Experimental example 8)
In this experiment, a porous layer was produced in which fibrous structures made of different materials were laminated. First, a fibrous structure was prepared using PMMA having a glass transition point (Tg) of 120 ° C. using the same method as in Experimental Example 1, and then a thermoplasticity having a softening point (Tm) of 100 ° C. A fibrous structure produced with a polyurethane adhesive was laminated. Specifically, a thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution, which was then placed in a syringe for spinning. Subsequently, after injecting an insulating liquid containing migrating particles together with the porous layer into the partition wall, the drive substrate and the counter substrate were arranged to face each other and passed through a 100 ° C. pouch laminator. Thereafter, as a sealing work, a sealing portion was formed by applying pressure while applying a temperature of 120 ° C. from both sides of the driving substrate and the counter substrate by a desktop degassing sealer.

(Evaluation)
The display devices (Experimental Examples 1 to 8) formed by the sealing operation were evaluated by the presence or absence of display characteristics after one week. If the sealing is not sufficient, the display characteristics deteriorate due to the outflow of an internal phase such as an insulating liquid or migrating particles or the intrusion of an external substance. Note that the display characteristics here refer to white reflectance and black reflectance when 15 V is applied for a certain period of time.

In Experimental Examples 1 to 4 in which the sealing operation was performed by applying heat and pressure, no change in display characteristics was observed between immediately after fabrication and one week thereafter. In Experimental Examples 6 and 7 performed only by applying heat, Experimental Example 7 in which the heating temperature was the glass transition point (here, 105 ° C.) was softened, whereas a decrease in contrast was confirmed after one week. In Experimental Example 6 in which heat exceeding the point was applied, no change in display characteristics was observed. Therefore, when sealing only by heating, it turned out that it is preferable to apply temperature higher than the softening point of the polymeric material which forms a sealing part. Further, in Experimental Example 5 in which the sealing operation was performed by applying only the pressure, a sealing portion could be formed, but a decrease in contrast was confirmed after one week. From the above, it can be said that the formation of the sealing portion is preferably performed using both heat and pressure. In Experimental Example 8, adhesion between the electrophoretic element and the counter substrate was confirmed by the fibrous structure formed of the thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive. Moreover, since the fibrous structure on the drive substrate side was produced using PMMA having a glass transition point (Tg) of 120 ° C., no influence due to passing through the pouch laminator was observed.

As described above, the present disclosure has been described with reference to the first and second embodiments and the first to fifth modifications. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the aspect described in the embodiments, and various modifications can be made. For example, in the first embodiment and the first to fifth modifications, the

electrophoretic elements

30 and 40 in which the sealing portions on the end faces of the display devices 1 to 5 are provided between the drive substrate 10 and the counter substrate 20. , 60, 70, 80, the seal layer 53 and the adhesive layer 56, etc., each of which is formed by using one component member. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the first embodiment and the first to fifth modifications are not limited thereto. An end surface of the display device may be sealed with a plurality of constituent members in an appropriate combination.

Further, it is not necessary to provide all the constituent elements described in the above embodiment, and other constituent elements may be included. Furthermore, the materials and thicknesses of the components described above are examples, and are not limited to those described. Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment and the like, a microcup type or microcapsule type electrophoretic element has been described as the electrophoretic element, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention can be applied to a twist ball type electrophoretic element. . Further, a display body other than the electrophoretic element, for example, an electrochromic (EC) element, a toner-type display body, or a powder particle moving display body may be used.

In addition, the effect described in this specification is an illustration to the last, and is not limited, Moreover, there may exist another effect.

In addition, this indication can also take the following structures.
(1)
A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A display body disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
An adhesive member for adhering the display and at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate;
A display device between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by a constituent member of the display body or the adhesive member.
(2)
The display device according to (1), wherein between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed with a thermoplastic polymer having a glass transition point of 170 ° C. or lower.
(3)
The display device according to (2), wherein the thermoplastic polymer has a melting point (Tm) or a softening point of 90 ° C. or higher.
(4)
The display body includes a porous layer formed of an electrophoretic particle in an insulating liquid and a fibrous structure including non-electrophoretic particles having optical reflection characteristics different from that of the electrophoretic particle; and the porous layer A partition wall that is partially adjacent to each other and that forms a space for accommodating the migrating particles,
The display device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the space between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by at least one of the porous layer and the partition wall.
(5)
Having an additive in the insulating liquid;
The display device according to (4), wherein the space between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed with the additive.
(6)
The display device according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the adhesive member is an electrode protective layer that protects an adhesive layer or an electrode that is disposed to face the display body.
(7)
The display includes an insulating liquid, two types of migrating particles having different optical reflection characteristics, a plurality of microcapsules enclosing the insulating liquid and the two types of migrating particles, and the plurality of microcapsules. Including a binder to fix
The display device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein a space between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by at least one of the microcapsule and the binder.
(8)
At least one of the first substrate and the second substrate and the display body are bonded to each other by the constituent member or the adhesive member of the display body, among the above (1) to (7) The display apparatus in any one.
(9)
Forming a display on the first substrate or the second substrate;
Bonding the display body and the second substrate or the first substrate through an adhesive member;
And sealing the periphery between the first substrate and the second substrate with the constituent member of the display body or the adhesive member.
(10)
The method for manufacturing a display device according to (9), wherein the space between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by applying an external stimulus to a constituent member of the display body or the adhesive member.
(11)
The method for manufacturing a display device according to (10), wherein the external stimulus is at least one of heat and pressure.
(12)
A display device,
The display device
A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A display body disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
An adhesive member for adhering the display and at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate;
The electronic device between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by a constituent member of the display body or the adhesive member.

This application claims priority on the basis of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-029421 filed on February 19, 2016 at the Japan Patent Office. The entire contents of this application are hereby incorporated by reference. Incorporated into.

Those skilled in the art will envision various modifications, combinations, subcombinations, and changes, depending on design requirements and other factors, which are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. It is understood that

Claims

A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A display body disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
An adhesive member for adhering the display and at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate;
A display device between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by a constituent member of the display body or the adhesive member.
The display device according to claim 1, wherein a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed with a thermoplastic polymer having a glass transition point of 170 ° C or lower.
The display device according to claim 2, wherein a melting point (Tm) or a softening point of the thermoplastic polymer is 90 ° C or higher.
The display body includes a porous layer formed of an electrophoretic particle in an insulating liquid and a fibrous structure including non-electrophoretic particles having optical reflection characteristics different from that of the electrophoretic particle; and the porous layer A partition wall that is partially adjacent to each other and that forms a space for accommodating the migrating particles,
The display device according to claim 1, wherein a space between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by at least one of the porous layer and the partition wall.
Having an additive in the insulating liquid;
The display device according to claim 4, wherein a space between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed with the additive.
The display device according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive member is an electrode protective layer that protects an adhesive layer or an electrode that is disposed to face the display body.
The display includes an insulating liquid, two types of migrating particles having different optical reflection characteristics, a plurality of microcapsules enclosing the insulating liquid and the two types of migrating particles, and the plurality of microcapsules. Including a binder to fix
The display device according to claim 1, wherein a space between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by at least one of the microcapsule and the binder.
The display device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate and the display body are bonded to each other by the constituent member or the adhesive member of the display body.
Forming a display on the first substrate or the second substrate;
Bonding the display body and the second substrate or the first substrate through an adhesive member;
And sealing the periphery between the first substrate and the second substrate with the constituent member of the display body or the adhesive member.
The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 9, wherein the space between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by applying an external stimulus to the constituent member of the display body or the adhesive member.
The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 10, wherein the external stimulus is at least one of heat and pressure.
A display device,
The display device
A first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to each other;
A display body disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
An adhesive member for adhering the display and at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate;
The electronic device between the first substrate and the second substrate is sealed by a constituent member of the display body or the adhesive member.