WO2017140610A1 - Procédé de revêtement d'une cale de chargement - Google Patents

Procédé de revêtement d'une cale de chargement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017140610A1
WO2017140610A1 PCT/EP2017/053118 EP2017053118W WO2017140610A1 WO 2017140610 A1 WO2017140610 A1 WO 2017140610A1 EP 2017053118 W EP2017053118 W EP 2017053118W WO 2017140610 A1 WO2017140610 A1 WO 2017140610A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
epoxy
epoxy resin
curing
curing agent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/053118
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Anthony Jackson
Ian Carr
Original Assignee
Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. filed Critical Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V.
Publication of WO2017140610A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017140610A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D163/00—Coating compositions based on epoxy resins; Coating compositions based on derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/50—Amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C08G59/50—Amines
    • C08G59/5033—Amines aromatic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the provision of an epoxy paint coating on the surface of a cargo hold for carrying solid cargos.
  • Cargo holds are used to store and transport solid cargo from one place to another by land or by sea. Cargo holds come into contact with a wide variety of solid compounds/cargo. Cargo holds are frequently filled and emptied of the solid cargo, which means that the surfaces of cargo holds must be provided with a coating to protect the surface from abrasion and impact from the solid cargo.
  • Cargo holds are large.
  • the volume of a cargo hold generally ranges from about 4,000 m 3 to about 25,000 m 3
  • Frequently encountered volumes of cargo holds are in the range of 10,000 m 3 to 15,000 m 3 . This is much larger than the maximum volume of a cargo tank, which is about 3,000 m 3
  • a cargo hold is different to a cargo tank.
  • cargo tanks carry liquid cargos whereas cargo holds carry solid cargos.
  • Cargo hold coatings must provide good resistance to abrasion and impact caused by the solid cargo, but for cargo tank coatings impact resistance is not as important, as liquids are not abrasive.
  • Cargo tank coatings must have a high chemical resistance in the sense that they are able to resist absorption of and can desorb a broad spectrum of chemical compounds, but for cargo holds which carry solid cargo, high chemical resistance is not so important. If a coating has good chemical resistance, it does not automatically have good abrasion resistance as well, and vice versa.
  • the amounts and the types of components in the cargo hold coating compositions such as fillers and pigments, are altered. The choice of pigments, fillers and loading will influence coating performance, including abrasion and impact resistance. The degree of curing of cargo hold coatings may increase over longer periods of time during the service life of the coating.
  • the invention provides a new method for the provision of an epoxy paint coating on the surface of a cargo hold.
  • the epoxy paint coating has an improved abrasion and impact resistance which is not primarily due to the variation in the components, such as fillers and pigments, in the coating composition. Rather, the improvement is due to the post cure step (c) of the method.
  • the present invention relates to a method for the provision of an epoxy paint coating on the surface of a cargo hold for carrying solid cargos, said method comprising
  • the cargo hold has a volume in the range of from 4,000 m 3 to 25,000 m 3 .
  • the cargo hold may have a volume of at least 10,000 m 3
  • the volume of the cargo hold may range from 10,000 m 3 to 25,000 m 3
  • the surface of a cargo hold is typically metal such as mild steel or high tensile steel grades
  • Step (a) of the method requires applying a coating composition onto said surface thereby forming a curable paint film on said surface, wherein the coating composition comprises i. an epoxy resin and
  • a curing agent having active hydrogen groups for curing the epoxy resin.
  • the coating composition is generally applied directly to the metal surface of the cargo hold. Although not preferred, it is not excluded to apply a primer layer prior to the epoxy coating according to the invention.
  • the amount of coating composition is selected to achieve the desired dry film layer thickness.
  • the dry film layer thickness generally ranges from 100 to 600 micrometers. Typically, the dry film layer thickness is in the range of 250 to 450 micrometers. In order to achieve the required dry film layer thickness, one or more layers may be applied successively.
  • the coating composition comprises an epoxy resin.
  • the coating composition may alternatively comprise more than one epoxy resin.
  • Suitable epoxy resins are known in the art. They encompass, for example, phenol novolac epoxy resins, bisphenol F epoxy resins and resorcinol diglycidyl ether (RDGE) epoxy resin.
  • epoxy resins include diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, bisphenol A novolac resins, hydrogenated bisphenol A, or bisphenol S, condensed or extended glycidyl ethers of any of the above bisphenols, hydrogenated condensed glycidyl ethers of bisphenols, dicyclopentadiene based epoxy resins, polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric alcohols such as trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, glycerol triglycidyl ether, pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, dipentaerythritol polyglycidyl ethers, butanediol diglycidyl ether, neopentylglycol diglycidyl ether, hexanediol diglycidyl ether and sorbitol glycidyl ether, epoxidized oils, epoxy compounds like
  • the epoxy resin comprises an aromatic epoxy resin, in particular a bisphenol A based epoxy resin.
  • suitable commercially available bisphenol A epoxy resins are DER331 (Dow Chemicals), DER660X80 (Dow Chemicals) and Epikote 1001-X-75 (Momentive ).
  • epoxy resins are phenol novolac epoxy resins.
  • phenol novolac epoxy resins examples include DEN 425, DEN 431 and DEN 438 (ex. DOW Chemicals), Epon 154, Epon 160, Epon 161 and Epon 162 (ex. Momentive Performance Chemicals), and Epalloy 8250 (ex. Emerald Chemical Co.).
  • Other epoxy resins which may be used comprise epoxy cresol novolac resins, such as Epon 164 and Epon 165 (ex Momentive Performance Chemicals), or bisphenol A epoxy novolac resins, such as the Epon SU range of resins.
  • the epoxy resin comprises a bisphenol F epoxy resin. Examples of bisphenol F epoxy resins that can be used include DER 354 (ex.
  • the epoxy resin comprises a Resorcinol diglycidyl ether (RDGE) based epoxy resin.
  • RDGE Resorcinol diglycidyl ether
  • An RDGE epoxy resin that can be used in the composition in accordance with the present invention is normally a low viscosity epoxy compound with an epoxy equivalent weight of 1 10-140 g/eq., for example 120-135 g/eq.
  • Blends of any of the above epoxy resins may be used in combination with each other.
  • the epoxy resin has a low solvent content, e.g., below 30 wt.% , preferably below 25 wt.%, based on the weight of epoxy resin.
  • Preferred epoxy resins include: Epikote 874L, EPON 828, DER3680, DER331 , DER660, DER664UE, DER671 , with the most preferred being DER664UE, DER331 and DER660.
  • the curing agent(s) having active hydrogen groups may be amine-functional curing agent(s).
  • the curing agents used in this invention comprise nucleophilic functional groups, in the present case amine groups, that react with epoxy groups.
  • amine groups that react with epoxy groups.
  • a hydrogen atom is transferred from the nucleophile to the oxygen atom of the epoxide. This transferred hydrogen atom is referred to as the "active hydrogen”. The reaction is illustrated:
  • Nu-H + It is common therefore to quote the equivalent weight of the nucleophilic species in terms of the active hydrogen equivalent weight. This is simply the weight of nucleophilic species required to yield one mole (or one "equivalent") of hydrogen atoms transferable to the ring opened epoxy.
  • the active hydrogen equivalent weight of the amine-functional curing agent is therefore the weight of the curing agent to give one mole (or one "equivalent") of N-H groups.
  • a primary amine-functional curing agent for example, would have two active hydrogens as it can react with two epoxide groups.
  • the amine-functional curing agent used in the present invention may have on average at least two active hydrogens per molecule.
  • the amine groups can be primary and/or secondary amine groups.
  • An amine-functional curing agent with more than one nitrogen atom may be termed a polyamine curing agent.
  • suitable polyamine curing agents are ethylene diamine, N-(2- hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, and the curing agents commonly manufactured by reacting these polyamine curing agents with fatty acids and dimer fatty acids, leading to amidoamines and amine- functional polyamide curing agents. Examples of such curing agents are described in "Protective Coatings, Fundamentals of Chemistry and Composition", by Clive H.
  • polyamine curing agents are dicyandiamide, isophorone diamine, m-xylylene diamine, m-phenylene diamine, 1 ,3- bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, bis(4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, bis(4-amino-3- methylcyclohexyl) methane, N-aminoethyl piperazine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl methane, 4,4'- diamino-3,3'-diethyl-diphenyl methane, diaminodiphenyl sulfone.
  • Phenalkamine and mannich base curing agents are preferred. Phenalkamines are obtained from cardanol, a major component of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL). Phenalkamines contain aliphatic polyamine substituents attached to the aromatic ring. Phenalkamines are typically synthesized from ethylene diamine (EDA) and the final product is a complex blend of phenalkamine (ortho or para substituted), poly- phenalkamines, and EDA. Their composition can be tuned by the manufacturing process including purification, stripping, and reaction conditions and then be classed into different commercial grades.
  • EDA ethylene diamine
  • phenalkamines include Cardolite NC541 LV, Cardolite NX-4709E, Cardolite LX-5459, Docure KMH-151 (ex. Kukdo), Epoxy hardner AP1041 (ex. Admark Polycoat), and Hiescat Hi-51A (ex. Keumjung Co).
  • Polyamine curing agents may be used, for example Ancamine 2264 (ex. Air Products) is a commercial quality curing agent comprising mainly bis(4-aminocyclohexyl) methane.
  • Examples of amine curing agents are described in "Protective Coatings, Fundamentals of Chemistry and Composition", by Clive H. Hare, published by the Society for Protective Coatings (ISBN 0-938477-90-0), "Epoxy Resins” by H Lee and K Neville, published by LLC (ISBN 978-1258243180), “Resins for Coatings", edited by D Stoye and W Freitag, published by Hanser (ISBN 978-1569902097) and are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • Amide containing curing agents can likewise be used, for example Crayamid 115 (ex. Arkema) or Crayamid 125 (ex. Arkema). Adducts of any of these amines can also be used. Such adducts can be prepared by reaction of the amine with a suitably reactive compound such as a silicon-free epoxy resin or an epoxy-functional reactive diluent, for example butyl glycidyl ether. This will reduce the free amine content of the curing agent, making it more suitable for use under conditions of low temperature and/or high humidity. Further examples of epoxy-functional reactive diluents are described in "Protective Coatings, Fundamentals of Chemistry and Composition", by Clive H.
  • Adducts of any of these amines can also be prepared by reaction of the amine with a suitably reactive compound such as an acrylate, a maleate, a fumarate, a methacrylate, or even electrophilic vinyl compounds such as acrylonitrile.
  • the amine curing agent should be capable of at least partially curing the epoxy resin at a temperature in the range of from 0 °C to 50 °C. Mixtures of amine curing agents can also be used.
  • the curing agent may alternatively comprise at least one phenol resin curing agent, polythiol curing agent, polyanhydride curing agent and/or polycarboxylic acid curing agent.
  • phenol resin curing agents are phenol novolac resin, bisphenol novolac resin and poly p-vinylphenol.
  • polycarboxylic acid curing agents include phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, 3,6- endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexachloroendomethylenetetra- hydrophthalic anhydride and methyl-3,6-endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride.
  • thiol curing agents include pentaerythritol tetramercapto propionate. Mixtures of curing agents can also be used, for example thiols and amines.
  • the relative proportions of epoxy resin and curing agent are typically selected so that the stoichiometry of epoxy groups to active hydrogen groups ranges from 1 :0.4 to 1 : 1.2.
  • Step b of the method requires "allowing said coating composition to cure at ambient temperature thereby forming an epoxy paint coating". This means that the coating composition is allowed to cure without applying any extra or artificial sources of heat over the heat that is already in the surroundings. Typically this means temperatures in the range of -10 ° C to 40 ° C.
  • the duration of step b is not critical. Generally, in the method of the invention, step b may be carried out for a period ranging from 4 hours to 10 days, or from 8 hours to 6 days. If the coating is applied in more than one layer to achieve the required thickness, the aforementioned period relates to the period after the last coating layer is applied.
  • step c may be carried out by exposing the coating to hot air at a temperature in the range of from 50 °C to 130 ° C. This could be carried out by placing at least one high velocity combustion burner inside the cargo hold, sealing the cargo hold and allowing the air inside the cargo hold to heat up to the desired temperature range.
  • a further way of applying or at least augmenting this process would be to empty the ballast tanks and apply hot air in the ballast tank
  • Step c may for example be carried out at a temperature in the range of from 60 ° C to 100 ° C, or from 65 ° C to 85 ° C. Step c may be carried out for at least 4 hours, for example for a time in the range of from 4 to 24 hours, 4 to 12 hours or 6 to 10 hours. Step c may be carried out by placing gas burners on the deck and having trunks transporting hot air to holds. Alternatively, the cargo holds may be heated by hot water.
  • the coating composition generally comprises one or more pigments and/or fillers.
  • the one or more pigments may be colouring pigments, for example titanium dioxide (white pigment), coloured pigments such as yellow or red iron oxide or a phthalocyanine pigment.
  • the one or more pigments may be strengthening pigments such as micaceous iron oxide, crystalline silica and wollastonite. Preferred pigments include bauxite, aluminium flakes, silicon carbide, boron carbide, talc, china clay and nepheline syenite.
  • the one or more pigments may be anticorrosive pigments such as zinc phosphate, zinc molybdate or zinc phosphonate.
  • the one or more pigments may be a filler pigment such as barytes, talc, feldspar, or calcium carbonate.
  • the composition may contain one or more further ingredients, for example a thickening agent or thixotrope such as fine-particle silica, bentonite clay, hydrogenated castor oil, or a polyamide wax.
  • the composition may also contain a plasticizer, for example a hydrocarbon resin, pigment dispersant, stabilizer, flow aid, wetting agent, defoamer, adhesion promotor, or thinning solvent.
  • the coating composition comprises micaceous iron oxide and/or bauxite.
  • both the micaceous iron oxide and the bauxite are present at ⁇ 10% by volume in the wet coating composition (i.e. coating composition, including solvent).
  • the coating composition may optionally contain compounds known to accelerate the curing reaction of epoxy resins.
  • Suitable accelerators are well known and include Lewis acids, such as calcium nitrate, thiocyanate salts, lithium and other tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphates, zinc triflate, antimony triflate, ytterbium triflate, lithium or magnesium perchlorate, lithium bromide; alcohols, such as hydroxyamines, dihydroxyamines, furfuryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glycols, glycerol; phenols, such as phenol, halophenols, nitrophenols, alkylphenols, catechols, poly(catechol), poly(vinylphenol), calixarenes, naphthalenediols, anthracene diols, bisphenols, cyanophenols, 2,4,6 tris (dimethylaminomethyl phenol); and acids, such as oxalic acid, maleic acid,
  • the coating composition is typically provided as a two-pack coating composition wherein the first pack comprises the epoxy resin and the second pack comprises the curing agent having active hydrogen groups, for curing the epoxy resin.
  • Coating Formulation A Based on a bisphenol A semi solid epoxy resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of 325, a phenalkamine curing agent, accelerator Ancamine K54, and pigmented with bauxite and micaceous iron oxide.
  • Coating Formulation B Based on a bisphenol A semi solid epoxy resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of 325, phenalkamine curing agent, pigmented with talc, china clay, aluminium flake.
  • Coating Formulation C Based on a bisphenol A solid epoxy resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of 895, hydrocarbon diluent, a bisphenol A liquid epoxy resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of 187, a bisphenol A semi solid epoxy resin having an epoxide equivalent weight of 325, curing agents phenalkamine and a mixture of polyamide curing agents, and pigmented with talc and nepheline syenite.
  • Coating Formulation A, B or C Two layers of Coating Formulation A, B or C, were applied to 10 mm thick steel at a total dry film thickness of 300 micrometers. The coatings were allowed to cure at 23 ° C for 7 days, and then heated to 100 ° C in an oven for 1 day.
  • Abrasion resistance was tested on 12 x12 inch coated steel panels, placed in a jig which holds the panel in a horizontal position.
  • Cargo typically coal or iron ore
  • the cargo was then moved across the panel at a defined speed. After unloading the coating surface was analyzed using image analysis software to determine the extent of coating damage. This test very effectively reproduces both the comparative performance of different hold coatings and the mode of coating damage observed in cargo holds when the cargo settles in the hold at sea.
  • post cure nearly doubles both the modulus and tensile strength but has little effect on the strain to break.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de former un revêtement de peinture époxy sur la surface d'une cale de chargement pour charges solides, ledit procédé consistant à a) appliquer une composition de revêtement sur ladite surface pour former un film de peinture durcissable sur ladite surface, ladite composition de revêtement comprenant i) une résine époxy et ii) un agent de durcissement comportant des groupes hydrogène actifs, pour durcir la résine époxy ; b) laisser ladite composition durcir à température ambiante, ce qui permet de former un revêtement de peinture époxy ; puis c) à faire durcir le revêtement de peinture époxy à une température comprise entre 50 °C et 130 °C, la cale ayant un volume compris entre 4000 m3 et 25 000 m3.
PCT/EP2017/053118 2016-02-16 2017-02-13 Procédé de revêtement d'une cale de chargement WO2017140610A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16155831.7 2016-02-16
EP16155831 2016-02-16

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WO2017140610A1 true WO2017140610A1 (fr) 2017-08-24

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020007432A1 (fr) 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 Hempel A/S Procédé d'amélioration de la nettoyabilité d'un revêtement de peinture époxy sur une surface
GB202107159D0 (en) 2021-03-23 2021-06-30 Jotun As Monitoring a vessel
WO2021180588A2 (fr) 2020-03-09 2021-09-16 Jotun A/S Robot de nettoyage de coque
WO2022200430A1 (fr) 2021-03-23 2022-09-29 Jotun A/S Surveillance de la propreté d'une surface immergée d'un objet stationnaire

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1788048A1 (fr) * 2004-08-10 2007-05-23 Chugoku Marine Paints, Ltd. Composition de revetement anticorrosion a haute teneur en solides, composition de revetement anticorrosion a durcissement rapide a haute teneur en solides, procede de revetement de navire ou analogue, film anticorrosion a haute teneur en solides et film anticorrosion a haute teneur en solides a durcissement rapide obtenu
WO2009080209A1 (fr) * 2007-12-19 2009-07-02 Cognis Ip Management Gmbh Mélanges de phénalcamine et d'amine sous forme de sel comme agents de durcissement pour des résines époxy
EP2683782A1 (fr) * 2011-03-07 2014-01-15 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Revêtement de citerne de marchandises
CN104559662A (zh) * 2014-12-25 2015-04-29 上海海隆石油化工研究所 干散货船货舱用耐磨型涂料
WO2015082409A2 (fr) * 2013-12-03 2015-06-11 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Procédés de revêtement de surfaces dans des installations chimiques

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1788048A1 (fr) * 2004-08-10 2007-05-23 Chugoku Marine Paints, Ltd. Composition de revetement anticorrosion a haute teneur en solides, composition de revetement anticorrosion a durcissement rapide a haute teneur en solides, procede de revetement de navire ou analogue, film anticorrosion a haute teneur en solides et film anticorrosion a haute teneur en solides a durcissement rapide obtenu
WO2009080209A1 (fr) * 2007-12-19 2009-07-02 Cognis Ip Management Gmbh Mélanges de phénalcamine et d'amine sous forme de sel comme agents de durcissement pour des résines époxy
EP2683782A1 (fr) * 2011-03-07 2014-01-15 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Revêtement de citerne de marchandises
WO2015082409A2 (fr) * 2013-12-03 2015-06-11 Akzo Nobel Coatings International B.V. Procédés de revêtement de surfaces dans des installations chimiques
CN104559662A (zh) * 2014-12-25 2015-04-29 上海海隆石油化工研究所 干散货船货舱用耐磨型涂料

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Resins for Coatings", HANSER
CLIVE H. HARE: "Protective Coatings, Fundamentals of Chemistry and Composition", SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGS
H LEE; K NEVILLE: "Epoxy Resins", LLC

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020007432A1 (fr) 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 Hempel A/S Procédé d'amélioration de la nettoyabilité d'un revêtement de peinture époxy sur une surface
EP3818114A4 (fr) * 2018-07-04 2022-05-04 Hempel A/S Procédé d'amélioration de la nettoyabilité d'un revêtement de peinture époxy sur une surface
WO2021180588A2 (fr) 2020-03-09 2021-09-16 Jotun A/S Robot de nettoyage de coque
GB202107159D0 (en) 2021-03-23 2021-06-30 Jotun As Monitoring a vessel
WO2022200427A1 (fr) 2021-03-23 2022-09-29 Jotun A/S Surveillance d'un navire
WO2022200430A1 (fr) 2021-03-23 2022-09-29 Jotun A/S Surveillance de la propreté d'une surface immergée d'un objet stationnaire

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