WO2017138606A1 - 誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置および誘導ラマン散乱計測方法 - Google Patents
誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置および誘導ラマン散乱計測方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus and a stimulated Raman scattering measurement method.
- this type of stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus uses only a specific optical frequency by making the optical frequency of the first light or the second light variable in order to improve the discrimination ability of the sample.
- detecting molecular vibrations those that detect molecular vibrations in a wide frequency range have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- this apparatus at least one of an optical dispersion element that separates incident light in different directions according to an optical frequency and an optical element included in a light guide optical system that guides light from the first light source to the light dispersion element is provided.
- the optical frequency of the first light is made variable by driving to change the incident angle of the incident light to the light dispersion element and extracting a part of the light separated in different directions.
- a high-speed stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopic microscope has been proposed that can change the optical frequency in a time of about 1 millisecond over a plus or minus 15 nm centered on 1030 nm using Yb (ytterbium) fiber laser technology (for example, Non-patent document 1).
- imaging can be performed one after another while changing the molecular vibration frequency by 30 points per second over a range of 300 cm ⁇ 1 . For example, even if the number of spectrum points is 90, imaging is completed in only 3 seconds.
- the switching of the optical frequency and the scanning speed are slow, so when imaging an object with a low appearance probability existing in a high-speed fluid, or imaging a moving object such as Euglena In this case, the object flows or the object moves during the imaging, and the object cannot be accurately imaged.
- the main purpose of the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus and the stimulated Raman scattering measurement method of the present invention is to image an object more quickly.
- the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus and the stimulated Raman scattering measurement method of the present invention employ the following means in order to achieve the main object described above.
- the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus of the present invention is A first optical pulse generator that outputs a first optical pulse of a predetermined optical frequency at a first repetition frequency; A second optical pulse generation unit that outputs at a second repetition frequency that becomes the first repetition frequency by multiplying a second optical pulse having an optical frequency different from the first optical pulse by an integer multiple; Detecting the light intensity of the light pulse of the predetermined light frequency of the first repetition frequency included in transmitted light and / or scattered light when the sample is irradiated with the first light pulse and the second light pulse in synchronization.
- a light intensity detector to A stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus comprising:
- the second light pulse generator is A light source unit that outputs a predetermined light pulse including light of a plurality of optical frequencies;
- a spectroscopic adjustment unit that splits the predetermined light pulse and outputs a predetermined number of light pulses having different optical frequencies among the split light pulses at the second repetition frequency;
- An optical coupling unit for coupling optical pulses from the spectral adjustment unit; Comprising It is characterized by that.
- the first optical pulse having the first repetition frequency output from the first optical pulse generator and the integral multiple of the first optical pulse output from the second optical pulse generator are The sample is irradiated with the second optical pulse having an optical frequency different from the first optical pulse having the second repetition frequency, which is one repetition frequency, in synchronization. And the intensity
- the second light pulse generation unit splits a predetermined light pulse including light of a plurality of optical frequencies output from the light source unit, and a predetermined predetermined light pulse among the split light pulses. Optical pulses having different optical frequencies are output at the second repetition frequency.
- the optical pulses output at the second repetition frequency are combined and output as the second optical pulse.
- the “predetermined number of optical pulses having different optical frequencies” becomes optical pulses having different M optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m.
- a pulse train of M optical pulses whose optical frequency sequentially changes from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m at the repetition frequency is output.
- the predetermined light pulse output from the light source unit is dispersed, and among the dispersed light pulses, light pulses having a predetermined number of different optical frequencies are output at the second repetition frequency.
- the optical frequency can be changed for each optical pulse.
- a predetermined number of light pulses having different optical frequencies are sequentially output, it is only necessary to irradiate a predetermined number of light pulses to one irradiation point, so that the optical frequency is changed by a minute frequency. In comparison, scanning can be performed quickly. As a result, it is possible to appropriately image even when detecting an object having a low appearance probability in a high-speed fluid or detecting a moving object.
- the “predetermined number of different optical frequencies” is an optical frequency necessary for specifying an object in the sample, and the spectral change of the first optical pulse due to stimulated Raman scattering when the optical frequency is changed by a minute frequency. It is preferable to use a plurality of optical frequencies that result in a spectrum change of the first optical pulse that approximates.
- the amplification and attenuation of the intensity of the light pulse by stimulated Raman scattering is such that when the optical frequency of the first optical pulse is higher than the optical frequency of the second optical pulse, the intensity of the first optical pulse is attenuated and the second optical pulse. In contrast, when the optical frequency of the first optical pulse is lower than the optical frequency of the second optical pulse, amplification occurs in the intensity of the first optical pulse and attenuation occurs in the intensity of the second optical pulse. .
- the light source unit may be a light source that outputs the predetermined light pulse at a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when the predetermined light pulse is multiplied by the predetermined number.
- the light source unit is obtained by multiplying the predetermined number by the predetermined continuous number by a predetermined light pulse train in which the predetermined light pulse continues for the predetermined continuous number at the second repetition frequency. It may be a light source unit that outputs at a repetition frequency at which the product of the number is the second repetition frequency.
- N an integer N is considered as the predetermined continuous number
- a predetermined optical pulse train composed of consecutive N predetermined optical pulses is output at a frequency obtained by dividing the second repetition frequency by (N ⁇ predetermined number).
- the second optical pulse generator generates N optical pulses at the optical frequency ⁇ 1, N optical pulses at the optical frequency ⁇ 2, ..., optical pulses at the optical frequency ⁇ m. N pulse trains are output. Therefore, a predetermined number of optical pulses having a predetermined number of optical frequencies can be output from the second optical pulse generator at the second repetition frequency.
- the light source unit includes a light source that outputs the predetermined light pulse at the second repetition frequency, and light of the predetermined light pulse at the second repetition frequency from the light source. The intensity of the remaining optical pulse is set to 0 so that the predetermined optical pulse train is output at a repetition frequency at which the product of the predetermined number multiplied by the predetermined continuous number is the second repetition frequency. And a light intensity modulation unit.
- the second optical pulse generation unit may include an intensity amplification unit that amplifies and outputs the intensity of the optical pulse from the optical coupling unit. In this way, the intensity of the second light pulse that has been reduced by spectroscopy can be increased, and the amplification and attenuation of the first light pulse due to stimulated Raman scattering can be made clearer.
- a low-pass filter having a cut-off frequency that is a half of the second repetition frequency, and a second repetition frequency
- a high-pass filter having a cut-off frequency of 1/5 to 1/10, a notch filter having at least the first repetition frequency, a filter processing unit for applying a predetermined frequency to the output from the filter processing unit;
- an intensity modulation measuring unit that digitizes at the sampling frequency and measures intensity modulation.
- Amplification and attenuation of the first light pulse by stimulated Raman scattering is about 1/2000 to 1/10000 of the first light pulse that has not been amplified or attenuated.
- intensity modulation by stimulated Raman scattering in the detection light pulse train is performed. Is extremely small. For this reason, by applying the above-described low-pass filter and high-pass filter to intensity modulation by stimulated Raman scattering in the detection light pulse train, it is possible to more appropriately remove the high-frequency component and low-frequency component in intensity modulation. In addition, by using a notch filter that removes the first repetition frequency, which is the repetition frequency of the first optical pulse, intensity modulation due to stimulated Raman scattering in the detection optical pulse train can be further clarified.
- the stimulated Raman scattering measurement method of the present invention comprises: When the sample is irradiated with the first optical pulse having a predetermined optical frequency at the first repetition frequency and the second optical pulse having an optical frequency different from that of the first optical pulse is multiplied by an integer, the second repetition frequency becomes the first repetition frequency. Irradiating in synchronization with the first light pulse, the predetermined repetition rate of the first repetition frequency included in transmitted light and / or scattered light of the sample with respect to irradiation with the first light pulse and the second light pulse.
- a stimulated Raman scattering measurement method for detecting an optical pulse at an optical frequency as a detection optical pulse train The second light pulse splits a predetermined light pulse including light of a plurality of light frequencies, and outputs a predetermined number of light pulses having different light frequencies among the divided light pulses at the second repetition frequency. And is generated by combining the adjusted light pulses.
- the sample is irradiated in synchronization with the two light pulses.
- an optical pulse having a predetermined optical frequency of the first repetition frequency included in the transmitted light and scattered light of the sample is detected as a detection optical pulse train.
- molecules having the same molecular vibration frequency as the optical frequency of the second optical pulse are present at the irradiation point of the first optical pulse and the second optical pulse, the intensity of the first optical pulse is amplified or attenuated by stimulated Raman scattering.
- the second optical pulse is obtained by dispersing a predetermined optical pulse including light of a plurality of optical frequencies and, at the same time, dividing optical pulses having a predetermined number of different optical frequencies out of the dispersed optical pulses.
- the “predetermined number of optical pulses having different optical frequencies” becomes optical pulses having different M optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m.
- a pulse train of M optical pulses whose optical frequency sequentially changes from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m at the repetition frequency is output.
- a predetermined light pulse is dispersed and a predetermined number of light pulses having different light frequencies are output at the second repetition frequency among the dispersed light pulses.
- the optical frequency can be changed.
- the “predetermined number” the number of types of molecules necessary to identify the object among the molecules contained in the object is used, and the “predetermined number of light pulses having different optical frequencies” identifies the object.
- the molecular vibrational frequency of the number of types of molecules necessary for this can be used.
- the spectroscopic adjustment unit spectrally separates the predetermined light pulse using a diffraction grating and extracts a predetermined number of light pulses having different optical frequencies from the dispersed light pulses.
- a pulse output having an extraction unit and a plurality of optical fibers whose lengths are adjusted so that optical pulses are output at the second repetition frequency when optical pulses of the predetermined number of different optical frequencies are input at the same timing And a time adjustment unit.
- the light source unit may be a light source that outputs the predetermined light pulse at a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when the predetermined light pulse is multiplied by the predetermined number.
- the pulse output time adjustment unit is such that an optical pulse train obtained by adding an optical pulse having an intensity of 0 to an optical pulse train of the second repetition frequency is continuously provided.
- the lengths of the plurality of optical fibers may be adjusted so as to be output.
- an optical pulse train is output by adding an optical pulse having an intensity of 0 to a sequence of M optical pulses whose optical frequency sequentially changes from ⁇ 1 to ⁇ m at the second repetition frequency. It will be. That is, the optical pulse train is an optical pulse having an optical frequency ⁇ 1, an optical pulse having an optical frequency ⁇ 2,..., An optical pulse having an optical frequency ⁇ m, and an optical pulse having an intensity of 0.
- the stimulated Raman scattering does not occur in the first optical pulse irradiated in synchronism with the optical pulse with an intensity value of 0. There is no amplification or attenuation in the light pulse.
- an optical pulse having an intensity of 0 in the optical pulse train it is possible to detect optical pulses that are not periodically amplified or attenuated by stimulated Raman scattering, and are amplified or attenuated by stimulated Raman scattering. It can be used as a reference for amplification or attenuation with respect to an optical pulse.
- the spectral adjustment unit spectrally separates the predetermined light pulse using a diffraction grating and, at the same time, distributes light pulses having a predetermined number of different optical frequencies among the dispersed light pulses.
- a spectral extraction unit to be extracted, and an optical modulation unit configured to eliminate an optical pulse train in the optical pulse train with respect to an optical pulse train of optical pulses having a predetermined number of different optical frequencies, and to have different optical pulse patterns. , May be provided.
- an optical pulse train composed of eight optical pulses of four optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 is taken out by the spectroscopic extraction unit, and the first and second optical pulses for the optical pulse sequence of the optical frequency ⁇ 1 are extracted from the optical modulation unit. Is output with the light intensity as it is, and the remaining six light pulses are completely extinguished, and the third and fourth light pulses of the light pulse train with the light frequency ⁇ 2 are left as they are. In addition to outputting with intensity, the remaining six optical pulses are completely extinguished. For the optical pulse train of optical frequency ⁇ 3, the fifth and sixth optical pulses are output with the same optical intensity.
- the optical pulse train having the optical frequency ⁇ 4 is connected to the second and eighth optical pulses. If the pattern is such that the light is output with the same light intensity and the remaining six light pulses are completely extinguished, the light modulation unit has four light frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 from the spectral extraction unit.
- the second optical pulse generation unit outputs two optical pulses of optical frequency ⁇ 1, two optical pulses of optical frequency ⁇ 2, two optical pulses of optical frequency ⁇ 3, optical frequency
- the second optical pulse is output as an optical pulse train of eight optical pulses in which two optical pulses of ⁇ 4 are arranged in order.
- the second optical pulse is generated as various optical pulse trains by optical pulses having a desired number of optical frequencies by changing the pattern of the optical pulses that remain by extinguishing some of the optical pulses in the optical pulse train in the optical modulator. Can do.
- the spectral adjustment unit includes a spectral unit that splits a predetermined light pulse into M light pulses, and a frequency adjustment that uses the M light pulses as light pulses having M optical frequencies. And an optical modulation unit that changes an optical pulse sequence in which a part of the optical pulse is extinguished in the optical pulse train and a remaining optical pulse pattern is different from the optical pulse train of optical pulses of M optical frequencies. It can also be. Also in this case, as in the case of the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus in which the above-described spectral adjustment unit includes the light modulation unit, a part of the light pulse in the light pulse train in the light modulation unit is extinguished to change the remaining light pulse pattern.
- the second optical pulse can be generated as various optical pulse trains by optical pulses having a desired number of optical frequencies.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram illustrating an outline of a configuration of a filter processing unit 60.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of the configuration of a stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus 20 as an embodiment of the present invention.
- the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus 20 includes a first light pulse generation unit 22, a second light pulse generation unit 30, and a dichroic mirror 42 that combines the first light pulse and the second light pulse.
- an optical system 44 including an irradiation side optical system 44a such as a light irradiation side lens and a transmission scattering side optical system 44b such as a light transmission side and light scattering side lens with respect to the sample 48;
- a light intensity detector 50 for detecting the light intensity of the light pulse having the same optical frequency as the first light pulse of the scattered light, a filter processing unit 60 for performing a filter process on the signal from the light intensity detector 50, and a filter And a digital measuring unit 70 for digitizing a signal from the processing unit 60 at a predetermined sampling frequency.
- the first optical pulse generation unit 22 is a short pulse light source that outputs a first optical pulse (excitation light) having a pulse width of several picoseconds with a pre-adjusted optical frequency at a first repetition frequency. Can be used. In the example, a short pulse light source having a first repetition frequency of 76 MHz was used.
- the second optical pulse generator 30 includes a pulse light source 31 that outputs an optical pulse, an optical intensity modulator 32 that adjusts the optical intensity of the optical pulse, and an optical pulse from the optical intensity modulator 32 for each of M optical frequencies.
- a diffraction grating 33 that splits the light pulses into pulses, a pulse output time adjustment unit 34 that adjusts the output time of optical pulses for each of M optical frequencies by M optical fibers OF (1) to OF (M), and a pulse A diffraction grating 35 for combining optical pulses for each of M optical frequencies from the output time adjustment unit 34 and a light intensity amplifier 36 for amplifying the light intensity of the light pulses from the diffraction grating 35 are provided.
- the pulse light source 31 has the same pulse width as that of the first optical pulse and includes an optical pulse including a plurality of optical frequencies lower than the optical frequency of the first optical pulse (for example, an optical pulse of broadband light). It is a short pulse light source that outputs at a second repetition frequency that is a repetition frequency (first repetition frequency).
- the same light source as the short pulse light source used in the first optical pulse generation unit 22 can be used.
- the light intensity modulator 32 has a well-known configuration for modulating the light intensity of the light pulse.
- the light intensity modulator 32 outputs either the light pulse as it is or the light pulse is completely extinguished. It is used as something to do.
- the pulse output time adjustment unit 34 receives light pulses having predetermined M optical frequencies among the light pulses dispersed by the diffraction grating 33 by the light receiving units IN (1) to IN (M), and outputs the other end. It is composed of M optical fibers OF (1) to OF (M) output from the sections OUT (1) to OUT (M). The lengths of the optical fibers OF (1) to OF (M) are adjusted so that optical pulses of M frequencies input at the same time are sequentially output at the second repetition frequency.
- the light intensity amplifier 36 amplifies the intensity of the optical pulse for each of M frequencies output in order at the second repetition frequency, and a known light intensity amplifier can be used.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, using a plurality of examples, how the second optical pulse generator 30 sequentially outputs optical pulses for each of M frequencies at the second repetition frequency.
- (a) shows a state in which four optical pulses having optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are sequentially output at the second repetition frequency
- (b) shows zero output to four optical pulses having optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4.
- the optical pulse train to which the optical pulses are added and the optical pulse are sequentially output at the second repetition frequency.
- C shows two optical pulses of three optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 3 as optical pulses.
- a state in which the signals are sequentially output at the second repetition frequency is shown.
- the optical pulse of the second repetition frequency output from the pulse light source 31 is left as it is for the first optical pulse with respect to four consecutive optical pulses by the optical intensity modulator 32.
- the light pulses are output at the light intensity and the second to fourth light pulses are completely extinguished, whereby the light pulse having a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when multiplied by 4 is obtained (FIG. 2 (a)).
- Light intensity modulator output This light pulse is split by the diffraction grating 33 and only the four light pulses having the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are input to the pulse output time adjustment unit 34.
- the lengths of the four optical fibers to which the optical pulses of the four optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are input are adjusted so that the four optical pulses of the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are sequentially output at the second repetition frequency.
- an optical pulse having a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when multiplied by four is output with a shift of one cycle of the second repetition frequency (see the optical fiber output in FIG. 2A).
- the four optical pulses having the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 output from the four optical fibers are coupled by the diffraction grating 35, and the four optical pulses having the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are sequentially output at the second repetition frequency.
- the second optical pulse output from the second optical pulse generation unit 30 includes four optical pulses having the second repetition frequency (the optical pulse having the optical frequency ⁇ 1, the optical pulse having the optical frequency ⁇ 2, and the optical pulse having the optical frequency ⁇ 3.
- An optical pulse having an optical frequency ⁇ 4) is repeatedly output.
- the four optical pulses having the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are sequentially output.
- the present invention can be applied to one that sequentially outputs the optical pulses having the M optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ M.
- the optical pulse of the second repetition frequency output from the pulse light source 31 is left as it is for the first optical pulse with respect to the six consecutive optical pulses by the optical intensity modulator 32.
- the light pulses are output at the light intensity and the second to sixth light pulses are completely extinguished so that the light pulse having a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when multiplied by 6 is obtained (FIG. 2B).
- Light intensity modulator output This light pulse is split by the diffraction grating 33 and only the four light pulses having the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are input to the pulse output time adjustment unit 34.
- the four optical fibers into which the four optical pulses of optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are respectively input are an optical pulse of optical frequency ⁇ 1, an optical pulse of optical frequency ⁇ 2, an optical pulse of zero output, an optical pulse of optical frequency ⁇ 3,
- the length is adjusted so that six optical pulses of an optical pulse of optical frequency ⁇ 4 and an optical pulse of zero output are output in this order at the second repetition frequency. For this reason, from four optical fibers, an optical pulse having a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when multiplied by 6 is output with a shift of one cycle of the second repetition frequency including the output of the optical pulse of zero output ( (See optical fiber output in FIG. 2 (b)).
- the four optical pulses having the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 output from the four optical fibers are coupled by the diffraction grating 35, and two optical pulses having the second repetition frequency having the four optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are combined.
- An optical pulse train to which a zero-output optical pulse is added is sequentially output (see the output of the second optical pulse generator in FIG. 2B). Therefore, the second optical pulse output from the second optical pulse generation unit 30 includes six optical pulses having the second repetition frequency (an optical pulse having the optical frequency ⁇ 1, an optical pulse having the optical frequency ⁇ 2, a light pulse having a zero output, Optical pulse with optical frequency ⁇ 3, optical pulse with optical frequency ⁇ 4, and optical pulse with zero output) are repeatedly output.
- an optical pulse train obtained by adding two optical pulses of zero output to four optical pulses of optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 is output.
- optical pulses of M optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ M are output.
- the present invention can be applied to an optical pulse train in which N zero-output optical pulses are added at arbitrary positions.
- the optical pulse of the second repetition frequency output from the pulse light source 31 is compared with the first and second optical pulses by the optical intensity modulator 32 with respect to the six consecutive optical pulses.
- the light intensity is output as it is, and the light pulses are completely extinguished with respect to the third to sixth light pulses, so that the second repetition frequency is 2 with a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when multiplied by 6.
- One optical pulse see the output of the light intensity modulator in FIG. 2C).
- This optical pulse is split by the diffraction grating 33 and only the three optical pulses having the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 3 are input to the pulse output time adjustment unit 34.
- the three optical fibers to which the optical pulses of the three optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 3 are respectively input have a length so that two optical pulses of the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 3 are sequentially output at the second repetition frequency. It has been adjusted. For this reason, two optical pulses each having a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when multiplied by 6 are output from the three optical fibers with a shift of two periods of the second repetition frequency (in FIG. 2 (c)). See optical fiber output).
- the two optical pulses having the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 output from the three optical fibers are coupled by the diffraction grating 35, and the six light beams having two optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 3 each having the second repetition frequency are combined.
- the second optical pulse output from the second optical pulse generation unit 30 includes six optical pulses of two optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 3 at the second repetition frequency (optical pulses of two optical frequencies ⁇ 1, 2 optical pulses of optical frequency ⁇ 2 and 2 optical pulses of optical frequency ⁇ 3) are repeatedly output.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining attenuation due to stimulated Raman scattering that occurs in the first light pulse of transmitted light or scattered light when the sample 48 is irradiated onto the sample 48 in synchronization with the first light pulse and the second light pulse. is there.
- (0) shows a state of attenuation due to stimulated Raman scattering when an optical pulse having an optical frequency ⁇ is output at a repetition frequency that becomes the first repetition frequency when doubled from the second optical pulse generator 30
- ( a) shows the state of attenuation due to stimulated Raman scattering when the optical pulse of FIG. 2A is output as the second optical pulse at the same repetition frequency as the first repetition frequency from the second optical pulse generator 30;
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining attenuation due to stimulated Raman scattering that occurs in the first light pulse of transmitted light or scattered light when the sample 48 is irradiated onto the sample 48 in synchronization with the first light pulse and the second light pulse. is there.
- (0) shows
- FIG. 2B shows a state of attenuation due to stimulated Raman scattering when the optical pulse in FIG. 2B is output as the second optical pulse at the same repetition frequency as the first repetition frequency from the second optical pulse generator 30; c) is a repetition frequency that is doubled from the second light pulse generation unit 30 and becomes the first repetition frequency, and the attenuation due to stimulated Raman scattering when the light pulse of FIG. 2C is output as the second light pulse. Showing the child.
- the transmitted light or scattered light of the sample 48 is Attenuation due to stimulated Raman scattering occurs in the first light pulse in which the second light pulse is output in synchronization, and no attenuation due to stimulated Raman scattering occurs in the first light pulse in which the second light pulse is not output in synchronization. For this reason, the first optical pulse without attenuation and the attenuated first optical pulse are detected (see the right end of FIG. 3 (0)).
- Optical pulse, optical pulse with optical frequency ⁇ 2, optical pulse with optical frequency ⁇ 3, optical pulse with optical frequency ⁇ 4) are repeatedly output.
- four first optical pulses output in synchronization with four optical pulses of optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are stimulated Raman scattering with optical pulses of optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4. Attenuation of the first to fourth amounts occurs due to. Therefore, the first light pulse in which the first to fourth amounts of attenuation have occurred is repeatedly detected (see the right end of FIG. 3A).
- the second optical pulse generator 30 generates the optical pulse of FIG. 2B at the same repetition frequency as the first repetition frequency, that is, six optical pulses (of the optical frequency ⁇ 1 at the first repetition frequency).
- four first optical pulses output in synchronization with four optical pulses of optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are stimulated Raman scattering with optical pulses of optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4.
- the first to fourth attenuations are caused by the above, and the first optical pulse output in synchronization with the two zero-output optical pulses does not cause attenuation due to stimulated Raman scattering. Therefore, an optical pulse train obtained by adding two first optical pulses without attenuation to the four first optical pulses with attenuation of the first to fourth amounts is repeatedly detected (FIG. 3B). ))
- FIG. 3 (c) six optical pulses of optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 3 each having a repetition frequency that becomes the first repetition frequency when it is doubled from the second optical pulse generation unit 30 are repeatedly output.
- First to third attenuations are caused by stimulated Raman scattering. Therefore, two first light pulses in which the first to third amounts of attenuation have occurred are repeatedly detected (see the right end of FIG. 3C).
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the filter processing unit 60.
- the filter processing unit 60 includes a low-pass filter 61 that uses a frequency that is 1 ⁇ 2 of the second repetition frequency as a cutoff frequency, and a high-pass filter 62 that uses a frequency that is 1/5 to 1/10 of the second repetition frequency.
- a notch filter 64 that removes the first repetition frequency and its double and triple frequencies, a low-pass filter 66 that is the same as the low-pass filter 61, and a high-pass filter 67 that is the same as the high-pass filter 62 are arranged in this order from the input side. It consists of When the first repetition frequency is 76 MHz and the second repetition frequency is 38 MHz, the low-pass filters 61 and 66 preferably have a cutoff frequency of 19 MHz, the high-pass filters 62 and 67 preferably have a cutoff frequency of 5 MHz, and the notch filter 64 has a frequency of 76 MHz. , 152 MHz and 228 MHz are preferably removed.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing signal waveforms when the filter processing by the filter processing unit 60 of the embodiment and the filter processing of the comparative example are performed.
- 5A is a graph showing a signal waveform when the filter processing by the filter processing unit 60 of the embodiment is performed
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing a signal waveform when the filter processing of the comparative example is performed. is there.
- the filter of the comparative example uses a 1 MHz to 25 MHz band pass filter instead of the low pass filter 61 and the high pass filter 62, and uses a 1 MHz to 25 MHz band pass filter instead of the low pass filter 66 and the high pass filter 66. As shown in the figure, the signal waveform of the comparative example is disturbed, but the signal waveform of the example is less disturbed.
- the digital measuring unit 70 is configured as a known AD converter that digitizes the signal filtered by the filter processing unit 60 at a predetermined sampling frequency, for example, twice or four times the first repetition frequency. .
- the sample 48 is irradiated with the second light pulse obtained by sequentially changing the light pulses of the M optical frequencies at the second repetition frequency in synchronization with the first light pulse.
- Attenuation of M quantities of the first light pulse due to stimulated Raman scattering with the second light pulse of M light frequencies can occur at the second repetition frequency. For this reason, since it is only necessary to irradiate M light pulses to one irradiation point, scanning can be performed more quickly than in the case where the optical frequency is changed by a minute frequency.
- the M optical frequencies it is preferable to use the number of types of molecules necessary to identify the object among the molecules contained in the object in the sample.
- a second optical pulse obtained by sequentially changing a plurality of optical pulses of M optical frequencies at the second repetition frequency, or an M optical frequency at the second repetition frequency.
- Various optical pulse trains such as an optical pulse train obtained by adding an optical pulse of zero output to an optical pulse can be output from the second optical pulse generator 30 as a second optical pulse. For this reason, the detection of the target object in a sample can be performed more rapidly and reliably.
- the sample 48 is irradiated with a second light pulse having an optical frequency lower than that of the first light pulse in synchronization with the first light pulse, and attenuation of the first light pulse due to stimulated Raman scattering is performed.
- the sample 48 is detected by irradiating the sample 48 with a second optical pulse having a higher optical frequency than the first optical pulse in synchronization with the first optical pulse, and detecting the amplification of the first optical pulse due to stimulated Raman scattering. Also good.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a stimulated Raman scattering spectrum when the optical frequency is changed by a minute frequency with respect to Euglena
- FIG. 7 shows a linear value of stimulated Raman scattering with respect to four optical frequencies for Euglena. It is a connected graph.
- the solid line is the stimulated Raman scattering spectrum of lipid
- the broken line is the spectrum of chloroplast
- the dashed-dotted line is the spectrum of paramylon
- the two-dot chain line is the spectrum of protein and DNA.
- the shape of the graph of FIG. 7 has the same tendency as the shape of the spectrum of the graph of FIG.
- the component of Euglena which is the object, can be identified from the sample by using the second optical pulse in which the four optical frequencies are sequentially changed. Therefore, by scanning the sample 48 in synchronization with the first light pulse, the second light pulse obtained by sequentially changing the light pulses of the four optical frequencies for specifying the Euglena at the second repetition frequency, the euglena in the sample is scanned. Can be detected quickly.
- the object may be any object other than Euglena, such as various cells such as blood cells.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing an outline of the configuration of the cell sorting system 100 using the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus 20 of the embodiment.
- Cell sorting system 100 cell sorting channel device 110 for flowing a liquid containing a plurality of types of cells (cell-containing liquid), the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus 20 of the embodiment, and the detection signal from the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus 20
- a determination processing unit 120 that identifies target cells
- a sorting processing unit 130 that classifies target cells into the branch flow path 118 of the cell sorting flow path device 110.
- the cell sorting channel device 110 includes an alignment channel 112 that allows cells in the cell-containing liquid to flow in a row from the upstream side by a material that is not eroded by the cell-containing liquid (for example, epoxy resin).
- the detection flow path 114 for detecting cells in the cell-containing liquid by the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus 20, and the main flow path 116 and the branch flow path 118 for separating the target cells from the flow of the cell-containing liquid are formed. Things can be used.
- the determination processing unit 120 performs image matching as to whether or not an image of the cell formed by the stimulated Raman scattering of the target cell matches an image formed by the stimulated Raman scattering of the target cell. It can be constituted by a general-purpose computer in which a processing program for performing is installed.
- the fractionation processing unit 130 can use a configuration in which cavitation is generated by a pulse laser and the target cell is pushed out to the branch flow path 118 by the force of expansion.
- the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus 20 scans an optical pulse train of optical pulses having a plurality of optical frequencies necessary for specifying a target cell as a second optical pulse, or the optical pulse train is sampled.
- the target cells can be selected at higher speed and more accurately by irradiating in a line and detecting the attenuation of the first light pulse generated at different positions in the sample with a plurality of photodiodes.
- the stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus 20 of the embodiment functions as a single unit as well as an endoscope. You may incorporate in the apparatus which performs blood cell observation etc. by a mirror.
- the second light pulse generation unit 30 includes a pulse light source 31, a light intensity modulator 32, a diffraction grating 33, a pulse output time adjustment unit 34, a diffraction grating 35, The optical intensity amplifier 36 is used.
- the second optical pulse generator 230 of the modification illustrated in FIG. 9 the second optical pulse generator 230 includes a pulse light source 31, a light intensity modulator 32, a mirror 231, and a polarization beam splitter. (Polarizing Beam Splitter) 232, a diffraction grating 233, a pulse output time adjustment unit 234, a mirror 235, and a light intensity amplifier 36 may be used.
- the polarization beam splitter 232 is an optical element that separates light (S-polarized light and P-polarized light) whose polarization states are different by 90 degrees.
- the polarization beam splitter 232 transmits S-polarized light and reflects P-polarized light.
- the pulse output time adjustment unit 234 receives light pulses of M optical frequencies determined in advance among the optical pulses dispersed by the diffraction grating 233 by the light reception output units IO (1) to IO (M), and FRM (1 ) To FRM (M) and M optical fibers OF (1) for outputting the optical pulses reflected by FRM (1) to FRM (M) to the light receiving output sections IO (1) to IO (M) Is composed of OF (M).
- FRM (1) to FRM (M) are Faraday rotator mirrors that rotate by rotating the incident light from the optical fiber by 90 degrees, and are incident by the Faraday rotator and reflecting mirror. The reflected light is rotated by 90 degrees and reflected.
- the optical pulses for M frequencies inputted to the light receiving output sections IO (1) to IO (M) are reflected by the FRM (1) to FRM (M) at the same time. Then, the length is adjusted so that light is output from the light receiving output units IO (1) to IO (M) in order at the second repetition frequency.
- the second optical pulse generator 230 of the modified example can generate the second optical pulse similarly to the second optical pulse generator 30 of the embodiment.
- the second optical pulse generation unit 230 of the modified example uses the optical pulse having the second repetition frequency output from the pulse light source 31 as the light beam as in the embodiment.
- the intensity modulator 32 outputs four consecutive light pulses at the same light intensity for the first light pulse and completely extinguishes the light pulses for the second to fourth light pulses.
- the optical pulse having a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when multiplied by 4 is obtained.
- This optical pulse transmits only a component of a predetermined polarization state (for example, S polarization state) by the polarization beam splitter 232, and is split by the diffraction grating 233, and only the optical pulses of the four optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are pulse output time. Input to the adjustment unit 234.
- the four optical pulses having optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are guided to FRM (1) to FRM (4) by optical fibers OF (1) to OF (4) and reflected by FRM (1) to FRM (4).
- the polarization state is rotated by 90 degrees.
- the four light pulses reflected by the FRM (1) to FRM (4) are coupled by the diffraction grating 233 via the optical fibers OF (1) to OF (4).
- the lengths of the optical fibers OF (1) to OF (4) are adjusted so that four optical pulses of the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are sequentially output at the second repetition frequency by the reciprocation of the optical pulses.
- optical pulses having a repetition frequency that becomes the second repetition frequency when multiplied by 4 are output with a shift of one cycle of the second repetition frequency. For this reason, when coupled by the diffraction grating 233, a light train of four optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 is sequentially output at the second repetition frequency.
- the pulse light source 31 the diffraction grating 333, the pulse output time adjustment unit 334, the diffraction grating 335, the light intensity amplifier 36, and the like. It is good also as what comprises.
- the pulse output time adjustment unit 334 receives light receiving units IN (1) to IN (M) that receive light pulses having predetermined M optical frequencies among the light pulses dispersed by the diffraction grating 333, and the light receiving unit IN ( 1) From the optical pulses of M optical frequencies from IN (M), the optical pulses are periodically output with the light intensity as it is or the optical pulses are completely extinguished to M optical modulators OM (1) to OM (M) and M optical pulse trains from M optical modulators OM (1) to OM (M), which are M optical pulse trains by optical pulses, are used.
- M output units OUT (1) to OUT (M) that output to the diffraction grating 335 are provided.
- the M optical modulators OM (1) to OM (M) generate the optical pulses by outputting the optical pulses as they are or by completely extinguishing the optical pulses.
- Various second optical pulses are generated according to the pattern of M optical pulse trains.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a state in which the second optical pulse is generated by the second optical pulse generator 330 according to the modification.
- FIG. 11 shows an example in which two optical pulses having four optical frequencies are arranged two by two as the second optical pulse to generate an optical pulse train of a total of eight optical pulses.
- the optical pulse train composed of the eight optical pulses output from the pulse light source 31 is dispersed by the diffraction grating 333, and is received by the light receiving section IN (1 as four optical pulse trains composed of the eight optical pulses having the four optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4. ) To IN (4).
- the four optical pulse trains having the optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are obtained by the optical modulators OM (1) to OM (4), and the first and second two optical pulses for the optical pulse train having the frequency ⁇ 1 are left as they are.
- the remaining six light pulses are completely extinguished while outputting with the intensity, and the third and fourth two light pulses are output with the same light intensity and the remaining six light pulses with the frequency ⁇ 2.
- optical pulses are completely extinguished, the optical pulses of the frequency ⁇ 3 are output with the same light intensity for the second and sixth optical pulses, and the remaining six optical pulses are completely output.
- the seventh and eighth optical pulses are output at the same light intensity and the remaining six optical pulses are completely extinguished. Is allowed, the four optical pulse train of the four optical frequency .omega.1 ⁇ 8 pieces of optical pulses comprising a six-pulse section which disappeared and two optical pulses .omega.4.
- optical pulse trains having optical frequencies ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are output from the output units OUT (1) to OUT (M) and coupled by the diffraction grating 335, and the light intensity is amplified by the light intensity amplifier 36, so that the second light From the pulse generation unit 330, two optical pulses having a frequency ⁇ 1, two optical pulses having a frequency ⁇ 2, two optical pulses having a frequency ⁇ 3, and two optical pulses having a frequency ⁇ 4 are sequentially arranged.
- the second optical pulse is output as the optical pulse train.
- the number of M optical modulators OM (1) to OM (M) is changed by changing the pattern of extinction of the optical pulse train.
- the second optical pulse can be generated as various optical pulse trains of optical pulses having the optical frequency of.
- M optical modulators OM (1) to OM (M) a coupler 434 for combining M optical pulses, and a light intensity amplifier 36 may be used.
- the light distributor 432 can be configured by a plurality of beam splitters, for example.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram for explaining how the second optical pulse generation unit 430 according to the modification generates an optical pulse train in which two optical pulses having four different frequencies are sequentially arranged as the second optical pulse.
- an optical pulse train composed of eight optical pulses from the pulse light source 31 is split into four optical pulse trains by the spectroscope 432, and the frequencies are ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 by the optical filters F (1) to F (4). Of four optical pulse trains.
- the optical modulators OM (1) to OM (4) output the first and second two optical pulses for the optical pulse train having the frequency ⁇ 1 with the same light intensity and the remaining six pulses.
- the optical pulse is completely extinguished, the optical pulse train of frequency ⁇ 2 is output at the same light intensity for the third and fourth optical pulses, and the remaining six optical pulses are completely extinguished.
- the optical pulse train of frequency ⁇ 3 the fifth and sixth optical pulses are output with the same light intensity and the remaining six optical pulses are completely extinguished, and the optical pulse train of frequency ⁇ 4 is extinguished.
- the seventh and eighth light pulses are output with the same light intensity and the remaining six light pulses are completely extinguished.
- the second optical pulse generator 430 combines two optical pulses having a frequency ⁇ 1, two optical pulses having a frequency ⁇ 2, and a frequency ⁇ 3.
- the second optical pulse is output as an optical pulse train of eight optical pulses in which the two optical pulses and the two optical pulses having the frequency ⁇ 4 are sequentially arranged.
- the second optical pulse generation unit 430 In the second optical pulse generation unit 430 according to the modification, it has been described that an optical pulse train in which two optical pulses having different frequencies are successively arranged in order is output as the second optical pulse.
- the second optical pulse By changing the pattern of extinction of the optical pulse train by OM (1) to OM (M), the second optical pulse can be generated as various optical pulse trains by optical pulses of M optical frequencies.
- the present invention can be used in the manufacturing industry of a stimulated Raman scattering microscope apparatus.
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Abstract
Description
所定光周波数の第1光パルスを第1繰り返し周波数で出力する第1光パルス生成部と、
前記第1光パルスとは異なる光周波数の第2光パルスを整数倍すると前記第1繰り返し周波数となる第2繰り返し周波数で出力する第2光パルス生成部と、
前記第1光パルスと前記第2光パルスとを同期させて試料に照射した際の透過光および/または散乱光に含まれる前記第1繰り返し周波数の前記所定光周波数の光パルスの光強度を検出する光強度検出部と、
を備える誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置であって、
前記第2光パルス生成部は、
複数の光周波数の光を含む所定光パルスを出力する光源部と、
前記所定光パルスを分光すると共に分光した光パルスのうち予め定めた所定数の異なる光周波数の光パルスを前記第2繰り返し周波数で出力する分光調整部と、
前記分光調整部からの光パルスを結合する光結合部と、
を備える、
ことを特徴とする。
所定光周波数の第1光パルスを第1繰り返し周波数で試料に照射すると共に前記第1光パルスとは異なる光周波数の第2光パルスを整数倍すると前記第1繰り返し周波数となる第2繰り返し周波数で前記第1光パルスに同期させて照射し、前記第1光パルスと前記第2光パルスとの照射に対して前記試料の透過光および/または散乱光に含まれる前記第1繰り返し周波数の前記所定光周波数の光パルスを検出光パルス列として検出する誘導ラマン散乱計測方法であって、
前記第2光パルスは、複数の光周波数の光を含む所定光パルスを分光すると共に分光した光パルスのうち予め定めた所定数の異なる光周波数の光パルスを前記第2繰り返し周波数で出力するように調整し、前記調整された光パルスを結合することにより生成される、ことを特徴とする。
Claims (7)
- 所定光周波数の第1光パルスを第1繰り返し周波数で出力する第1光パルス生成部と、
前記第1光パルスとは異なる光周波数の第2光パルスを整数倍すると前記第1繰り返し周波数となる第2繰り返し周波数で出力する第2光パルス生成部と、
前記第1光パルスと前記第2光パルスとを同期させて試料に照射した際の透過光および/または散乱光に含まれる前記第1繰り返し周波数の前記所定光周波数の光パルスの光強度を検出する光強度検出部と、
を備える誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置であって、
前記第2光パルス生成部は、
複数の光周波数の光を含む所定光パルスを出力する光源部と、
前記所定光パルスを分光すると共に分光した光パルスのうち予め定めた所定数の異なる光周波数の光パルスを前記第2繰り返し周波数で出力する分光調整部と、
前記分光調整部からの光パルスを結合する光結合部と、
を備える、
ことを特徴とする誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置。 - 請求項1記載の誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置であって、
前記光源部は、前記所定光パルスを、前記所定数倍すると前記第2繰り返し周波数となる繰り返し周波数で出力する光源である、
誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置。 - 請求項1記載の誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置であって、
前記光源部は、前記所定光パルスが前記第2繰り返し周波数で所定連続数だけ連続する所定光パルス列を、前記所定数に前記所定連続数を乗じた数との積が前記第2繰り返し周波数となる繰り返し周波数で出力する光源部である、
誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置。 - 請求項3記載の誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置であって、
前記光源部は、
前記第2繰り返し周波数で前記所定光パルスを出力する光源と、
前記光源からの前記第2繰り返し周波数の前記所定光パルスの光パルス列から、前記所定数を前記所定連続数を乗じた数との積が前記第2繰り返し周波数となる繰り返し周波数で前記所定光パルス列が出力されるように残余の光パルスの強度を値0とする光強度変調部と、
を備える、
誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置。 - 請求項1ないし4のうちのいずれか1つの請求項に記載の誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置であって、
前記第2光パルス生成部は、前記光結合部からの光パルスの強度を増幅して出力する強度増幅部を備える、
誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置。 - 請求項1ないし5のうちのいずれか1つの請求項に記載の誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置であって、
前記光強度検出部からの検出信号に対して、前記第2繰り返し周波数の1/2の周波数をカットオフ周波数とするローパスフィルタと、前記第2繰り返し周波数の1/5~1/10の周波数をカットオフ周波数とするハイパスフィルタと、少なくとも前記第1繰り返し周波数のノッチフィルタと、を施すフィルタ処理部と、
前記フィルタ処理部からの出力に対して、所定サンプリング周期でデジタイズして強度変調を計測する強度変調計測部と、
を備える、
誘導ラマン散乱顕微鏡装置。 - 所定光周波数の第1光パルスを第1繰り返し周波数で試料に照射すると共に前記第1光パルスとは異なる光周波数の第2光パルスを整数倍すると前記第1繰り返し周波数となる第2繰り返し周波数で前記第1光パルスに同期させて照射し、前記第1光パルスと前記第2光パルスとの照射に対して前記試料の透過光および/または散乱光に含まれる前記第1繰り返し周波数の前記所定光周波数の光パルスを検出光パルス列として検出する誘導ラマン散乱計測方法であって、
前記第2光パルスは、複数の光周波数の光を含む所定光パルスを分光すると共に分光した光パルスのうち予め定めた所定数の異なる光周波数の光パルスを前記第2繰り返し周波数で出力するように調整し、前記調整された光パルスを結合することにより生成される、
ことを特徴とする誘導ラマン散乱計測方法。
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