WO2017128499A1 - 基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器 - Google Patents

基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器 Download PDF

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WO2017128499A1
WO2017128499A1 PCT/CN2016/076496 CN2016076496W WO2017128499A1 WO 2017128499 A1 WO2017128499 A1 WO 2017128499A1 CN 2016076496 W CN2016076496 W CN 2016076496W WO 2017128499 A1 WO2017128499 A1 WO 2017128499A1
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port
submodule
sub
emitter
collector
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵剑锋
李东野
季振东
孙毅超
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from AC or DC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0095—Hybrid converter topologies, e.g. NPC mixed with flying capacitor, thyristor converter mixed with MMC or charge pump mixed with buck
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H02M3/3376—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0083—Converters characterised by their input or output configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a four port power electronic transformer based on a hybrid modular multilevel converter.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing electronic power transformer has a complicated structure, high cost, high harmonic content, poor use effect, and cannot meet the application requirements in the case of multiple power sources.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a four-port power electronic transformer based on a hybrid modular multilevel converter, including a hybrid modular multilevel converter, a DC/DC converter, and an inverse
  • the DC/DC converter includes a front stage portion, a high frequency transformer portion, and a rear portion.
  • the AC side of the front portion is connected to the primary side of the high frequency transformer portion, and the secondary side of the high frequency transformer portion is connected.
  • the AC side of the rear stage portion; the inverter is a three-phase four-bridge arm inverter; the modular multi-level converter is three-phase, two bridge arms per phase, and each bridge arm includes X first a submodule, Y second submodules and an inductor; X+Y ⁇ N, the N is a minimum number of modules required for normal operation of the modular multilevel converter; the first submodule comprises two series
  • the half bridge structure comprises a DC capacitor C1, a DC capacitor C2, four insulated gate bipolar transistors T1, T2, T3 and T4 with anti-parallel diodes; the collectors of the T1, T2, T3 and T4 are respectively The cathodes of the respective freewheeling diodes are connected, the emitters of said T1, T2, T3 and T4 Connected to the anodes of the respective freewheeling diodes respectively; the emitter of T1 is connected to the collector of T2 and serves as the AC port A of the first submodule, and the collector of T1 is connected
  • the emitter of T3 is connected to the negative pole of C2 and serves as the negative port D of the first sub-module; the positive port C and the negative port D of the first sub-module respectively
  • the positive and negative ports of the front stage of the DC/DC converter connected to the DC side of the module are connected; the second submodule comprises a DC capacitor C3, a DC capacitor C4, and five insulated gate bipolar transistors with anti-parallel diodes.
  • T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9; the collectors of T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 are respectively connected to the cathodes of the respective freewheeling diodes, the emitters of said T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 Connected to the anodes of the respective freewheeling diodes; the second sub The emitter of T5 in the module is connected to the collector of T6 as the AC port E of the second submodule, and the collector of T5 is connected to the positive pole of C3 and serves as the emitter port of the second submodule G, the emitter of T6, The emitter of T9 is connected to the cathode of C3, the emitter of T7 is connected to the collector of T8 and serves as the AC port F of the second submodule, the collector of T7, the collector of T9 is connected to the anode of C4 and The emitters of the ports J and T8 of the second sub-module are connected to the negative pole of C4 and serve as the negative port H of the second
  • X+Y ⁇ N when considering the redundancy, X+Y ⁇ N; when the modular multi-level converter has DC fault ride-through capability and Regardless of redundancy, In the same phase, X first sub-modules, Y second sub-modules and inductors are sequentially connected in series to form the upper-side bridge arm, and the inductor, the Y second sub-modules and the X first sub-modules are sequentially connected in series to form the lower-phase bridge.
  • the middle point of the arm, the upper arm and the lower arm in the same phase is the high voltage AC interface of the phase power electronic transformer; the positive ends of the three upper arms are connected together as the positive pole P of the high voltage DC port of the power electronic transformer, The negative ends of the three lower arms are connected together as the negative pole N of the high voltage DC port of the power electronic transformer, and the DC sides of each of the first submodule and the second submodule are connected to the front stage of the DC/DC converter;
  • Each of the DC sides of each submodule in the modular multilevel converter is connected to a DC/DC converter, and the DC side of the front stage of each DC/DC converter is connected in series with each module in the modular multilevel converter.
  • the positive and negative poles of the DC capacitor are connected, and the positive and negative poles of the DC side of the rear stage of all DC/DC converters are connected in parallel and connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC side of the inverter.
  • the redundant state refers to setting an extra first or second submodule while satisfying a normal operating state.
  • Block in order to have a first or second sub-module that can be replaced in time when the first or second sub-module in use fails, wherein the redundant first sub-module can replace the first sub-module of the fault, redundant The second sub-module can replace the first or second sub-module of the fault.
  • the high frequency transformer portion of the DC/DC converter is a high frequency transformer T, and the latter portion is composed of an H bridge circuit and a DC capacitor.
  • the front stage portion of the DC/DC converter adopts a full bridge structure, and the port I of the first submodule and the port J of the second submodule are not used.
  • the front stage portion of the DC/DC converter adopts a modified diode clamping structure, including five insulated gate bipolar transistors T10, T11, T12, T13, T14 and two diodes D1 with anti-parallel diodes.
  • the collector of D2, T10 is connected to the C terminal of the first submodule or the G terminal of the second submodule, the emitter of T10, the cathode of D1 is connected to the collector of T11, the anode of D1, the emitter of T14
  • the cathode of D2 is connected to one end of the transformer T, and the collector of T14 is connected to the I terminal of the first submodule or the J terminal of the second submodule, the emitter of T11 and the collector of T12 and the high frequency transformer T
  • the other end is connected, the emitter of T12 is connected to the anode of D2 and the collector of T13, and the emitter of T13 is connected with the D terminal of the first submodule or the H terminal of the second submodule, wherein the power electronic transformer
  • T14 is always in the on state; when the high-voltage side DC fault occurs in the power electronic transformer, the trigger signal of T14 is blocked; the insulated gate bipolar transistors T10, T11, T12 with
  • the front stage portion of the DC/DC converter adopts a modified T-type three-level structure, including three insulated gate bipolar transistors T15, T16, T19 with anti-parallel diodes and one consisting of T17 and T18.
  • the reverse blocking insulated gate bipolar transistor the collector of T15 is connected to the C terminal of the first submodule or the G terminal of the second submodule, the emitter of T15, the collector of T16, the collector of T17, The emitter of T18 is connected to one end of the high frequency transformer T, the emitter of T17, the collector of T18, the emitter of T19 are connected to the other end of the high frequency transformer T, the collector of T19 and the I of the first submodule
  • the J terminal of the terminal or the second submodule is connected, and the emitter of the T16 is connected to the D terminal of the first submodule or the H terminal of the second submodule; the insulated gate bipolar transistor with the antiparallel diode
  • the advantage of this value is that the charge and discharge time of the first sub-module can meet the requirements of voltage balance.
  • the invention has the advantages that the four-port power electronic transformer based on the hybrid modular multilevel converter of the invention has the functions and advantages of the conventional power electronic transformer based on the hybrid modular multilevel converter, At present, the design scheme proposed at home and abroad also has the following functions and features:
  • the four-port power electronic transformer based on the hybrid modular multilevel converter of the invention has four ports, namely a high voltage DC port, a high voltage AC port, a low voltage DC port and a low voltage AC port, which is more than the power electronic transformers in the past.
  • the high-voltage DC port can connect the power electronic transformer directly to the high-voltage DC grid, and is compatible with the development and construction of high-voltage DC transmission, distribution network, micro-grid and energy Internet. It is suitable for high-voltage types and grades of high voltage. High power occasions.
  • the four-port power electronic transformer based on the hybrid modular multilevel converter of the present invention can adjust the fault traversal capability by changing the number of the first submodule and the second submodule, and the number of the second submodule is increased.
  • the stronger the DC fault ride-through capability is, the short-circuit fault on the high-voltage DC side only needs to block the trigger signals of all the insulated gate bipolar transistors and the reverse-blocking insulated gate bipolar transistors, and the second sub-module in the MMC Together with the front stage of the connected DC/DC circuit, the DC fault traversal is completed and fewer devices are used.
  • the switching device is fully utilized, the hardware cost is saved, the control method is simple, and the security can be adapted to the needs of different applications.
  • the four-port power electronic transformer based on the hybrid modular multilevel converter of the present invention can directly use all modulation and control methods of the conventional modular multilevel converter, and only needs all the second submodules in normal operation.
  • the insulated gate bipolar transistor T9 is turned on, and the trigger signal is blocked in the event of a short circuit fault; the two DC capacitor voltages in the first submodule and the second submodule can be simultaneously controlled, and each capacitor can be controlled separately.
  • the DC/DC converter in the four-port power electronic transformer based on the hybrid modular multilevel converter of the present invention and the two DC capacitor connections of the first submodule and the second submodule reduce the required DC/
  • the number of DC converters reduces the number of devices used and reduces the complexity of the control.
  • the invention is based on a four-port power electronic transformer of a hybrid modular multilevel converter, characterized in that the first submodule and the second submodule bear capacitance voltage control, and the DC/DC converter bears power control, voltage and power
  • the separation of control functions makes control easy to implement.
  • the invention is based on a four-port power electronic transformer of a hybrid modular multilevel converter, characterized in that when a DC short circuit fault occurs, after all switching devices are blocked, when each bridge arm current flows into the second submodule, the current flows. After the anti-parallel diode of T9, when the current of each bridge arm flows backward into the second sub-module, it flows through DC-DC.
  • the diode of the module's front-end switching device eliminates the fault and makes full use of the switching device, saving hardware costs.
  • the invention is based on a four-port power electronic transformer of a hybrid modular multilevel converter, characterized in that the front stage of the DC/DC converter proposes three types of H-bridge, diode clamp and T-type three-level circuits.
  • the scheme provides more choices for engineering practice according to different requirements. Compared with the existing power electronic transformer scheme, it can improve the output waveform quality, reduce the on-state loss, and increase the DC voltage utilization.
  • Figure 1 shows an overall block diagram of a four-port power electronic transformer based on a hybrid modular multilevel converter.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of the first sub-module.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of the second sub-module.
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram of the DC/DC pre-stage (Scheme 2).
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the DC/DC pre-stage (Scheme 3).
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the control circuit for each phase of the modular multilevel converter.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a DC/DC converter control circuit.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a low voltage side inverter control circuit.
  • each bridge arm contains the number X of the first sub-module, and each bridge arm contains the number Y, a phase of the second sub-module Upper arm inductance Lap, a phase lower arm inductance Lan, b phase upper arm inductance
  • the second scheme of the DC/DC pre-stage is four insulated gate bipolar transistors T10, T11, T12, T13 and two diodes D1 and D2 with anti-parallel diodes.
  • the four-port power electronic transformer based on the hybrid modular multilevel converter of the present invention is a hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC), DC/ The DC converter and the inverter are configured, and each of the DC sides of the submodules in the MMC is connected to a DC/DC converter, and each of the DC/DC converters has a DC side of the front stage and a modular multilevel converter.
  • the positive and negative poles of the DC capacitors connected in series are connected, and the positive and negative poles of the DC side of the rear stage of all DC/DC converters are connected in parallel and connected to the positive and negative poles of the DC side of the inverter.
  • the inverter is a three-phase four-bridge inverter.
  • the first sub-module comprises a DC capacitor C1, a DC capacitor C2, and four insulated gate bipolar transistors T1, T2, T3 and T4 with anti-parallel diodes.
  • the second sub-module includes a DC capacitor C3, a DC capacitor C4, and five insulated gate bipolar transistors T5, T6, T7, T8, and T9 with anti-parallel diodes.
  • the collectors of the insulated gate bipolar transistors T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 with anti-parallel diodes are respectively connected to the cathodes of the respective freewheeling diodes, said The emitters of the insulated gate bipolar transistors T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8 and T9 with anti-parallel diodes are respectively connected to the anodes of the respective freewheeling diodes.
  • the first sub-module is a series connection of two half-bridge structures, that is, the emitter of the T1 is connected to the collector of T2 and serves as the AC port A of the first sub-module, and the collector of T1 is connected to the positive pole of C1 and As the positive port C of the first sub-module, the emitter of T2, the cathode of C1, the collector of T4 and the anode of C2 are connected and serve as port I of the first sub-module, the emitter of T4 and the set of T3
  • the electrodes are connected and serve as the AC port B of the first sub-module.
  • the emitter of T3 is connected to the negative pole of C2 and serves as the negative port D of the first sub-module.
  • the positive port C and the negative port D of the first sub-module respectively It is connected to the positive port and the negative port of the front stage of the DC/DC converter connected to the DC side of the module.
  • the emitter of T5 and the collector of T6 in the second sub-module are connected as the AC port E of the second sub-module, and the collector of T5 is connected to the positive pole of C3 and serves as the positive port G of the second sub-module.
  • the emitter of T6, the emitter of T9 is connected to the cathode of C3
  • the emitter of T7 is connected to the collector of T8 and serves as the AC port F of the second submodule, the collector of T7, the collector of T9 and the collector of C4.
  • the positive pole is connected and serves as the port J of the second sub-module
  • the emitter of T8 is connected to the negative pole of C4 and serves as the negative port H of the second sub-module
  • the positive port G and the negative port H of the second sub-module are respectively
  • the positive and negative ports of the front stage of the DC/DC converter connected to the DC side of the module are connected.
  • the modular multilevel converter consists of two modules and six inductors, which are Lap, Lan, Lbp, Lbn, Lcp, Lcn.
  • the X first sub-modules, the Y second sub-modules and the inductance Lap are sequentially connected in series to form an A-phase upper arm of the modular multi-level converter, and the inductor Lan, the Y second sub-modules and the X first sub-modules are in turn
  • the A-phase lower arm of the modular multi-level converter is formed in series;
  • the X first sub-modules, the Y second sub-modules and the inductor Lbp are sequentially connected in series to form a B-phase upper arm of the modular multi-level converter, and the inductance Lbn, Y second sub-modules and X first sub-modules are sequentially connected in series to form a B-phase lower arm of the modular multi-level converter;
  • X first sub-modules, Y second sub-modules and inductance Lcp are connected in series
  • each bridge arm contains a total of N modules, which contain 2N DC capacitors, X first sub-modules and Y second sub-modules, in order to ensure the normal operation of the power electronic transformer and do not consider the second sub-module working
  • a four-port power electronic transformer based on a hybrid modular multilevel converter assuming that the DC capacitor voltages in each module are equal, the modular multilevel converter has DC fault ride-through capability and does not consider the second sub-module operating at In the case of negative voltage and redundancy, X and Y satisfy the following relationship:
  • each DC/DC converter of the present invention is divided into a pre-stage part, a high-frequency transformer part, and a post-stage part, wherein the pre-stage part proposes three schemes, which can be performed according to different application occasions.
  • the high frequency transformer portion is a high frequency transformer T
  • the latter portion is composed of an H bridge circuit and a DC capacitor.
  • the first scheme of the DC/DC pre-stage part adopts a full-bridge structure, in which the port I of the first sub-module and the port J of the second sub-module are not used, and the second scheme adopts an improved diode clamp structure,
  • the three schemes use an improved T-type three-level structure.
  • the second scheme comprises five insulated gate bipolar transistors T10, T11, T12, T13, T14 with two anti-parallel diodes and two diodes D1, D2, the collector of T10 and the first sub-module C
  • the G terminal of the terminal or the second submodule is connected, the emitter of T10, the cathode of D1 is connected to the collector of T11, the anode of D1, the emitter of T14, and the cathode of D2 are connected to one end of transformer T, T14
  • the collector is connected to the I terminal of the first submodule or the J terminal of the second submodule, and the emitter of T11 is connected to the collector of T12 and the other end of the high frequency transformer T, the emitter of T12 and the anode of D2,
  • the collector of T13 is connected, and the emitter of T13 is connected to the D terminal of the first submodule or the H terminal of the second submodule, wherein T14 is always in a state of conduction when
  • the trigger signal of T14 is blocked when the fault occurs.
  • the third scheme consists of three insulated gate bipolar transistors T15, T16, T19 with anti-parallel diodes and a reverse blocking insulated gate bipolar transistor T17 (T18), the collector and first sub-module of T15.
  • the C terminal of the C terminal or the second submodule is connected, the emitter of T15, the collector of T16, the collector of T17, the emitter of T18 are connected to one end of the high frequency transformer T, the emitter of T17, the T18
  • the collector, the emitter of the T19 is connected to the other end of the high frequency transformer T, and the collector of the T19 is connected to the I terminal of the first submodule or the J terminal of the second submodule, the emitter of the T16 and the first submodule
  • the D terminal or the H terminal of the second submodule is connected.
  • the collectors of the insulated gate bipolar transistors T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16 and T19 with anti-parallel diodes are respectively connected to the cathodes of the respective freewheeling diodes,
  • the emitters of the anti-parallel diodes of the insulated gate bipolar transistors T10, T11, T12, T13, T14, T15, T16 and T19 are respectively connected to the anodes of the respective freewheeling diodes, wherein T19 is always in the normal operation of the power electronic transformer In the on state, the trigger signal of T19 is blocked when a high-voltage side DC fault occurs.
  • the modular multilevel converter controls the circulating current and the module capacitor voltage of the modular multilevel converter by the loop suppression and the module capacitor voltage control circuit.
  • the control circuit is the same.
  • phase a first, measure and collect the voltage values vcap1-vap(2X+2Y) and vcan1-van(2X+2Y) of each capacitor on phase a, and then find the average value of these voltage values vave, pass voltage
  • the difference of the comparison is adjusted by the PI of the current loop as the modulated signal component vaA of the average voltage, and the actual measured voltage value of each capacitor and the set value of vc*
  • it is determined according to the direction of the bridge arm current of the capacitor that the module is charged or discharged to generate a modulated signal component, such as the modulation component vaBp1 of the first half-bridge module in the
  • the DC/DC converter is controlled by a DC output stage parallel current sharing control circuit under hierarchical independent control, mainly controlling the power flow of the power electronic transformer, introducing a voltage outer loop and 12 (X+Y). Current inner loop.
  • the difference between the actual value Udc2 on the parallel output side of the DC/DC converter and the output DC voltage command value Udc* is adjusted by PI to obtain the command value I* of the output current of each DAB converter. Due to each DC/DC change
  • the actual output currents of the converters iox1, ..., iox (12X + 12Y) contain high-frequency components, which need to be filtered out using a low-pass filter to obtain the average value Iox1, ..., Iox (12X + 12Y).
  • the difference between the actual average output current and the command output current is adjusted by PI to obtain the shift between the original and secondary modules of each DC/DC converter compared to dx1, ..., dx(12X+12Y), according to
  • the modulation scheme may be different for different schemes of the front stage of each DC/DC converter and for different engineering requirements.
  • the inverter on the low voltage side of the power electronic transformer is controlled by a control circuit based on a symmetrical component method and current decoupling, and mainly controls the output of the low voltage AC port of the power electronic transformer.
  • the main working principle is to decompose the voltage and current of the AC side load of the low-voltage side inverter into positive sequence, negative sequence and zero sequence component respectively, and then perform PARK transform on the positive sequence component and negative sequence component of voltage and current respectively.
  • the voltage D, Q parts are compared with the given values, the obtained results are respectively adjusted with the PI and then added to the corresponding current D, Q parts, and the result is then subjected to the anti-PARK transformation of the positive sequence component and the inverse of the negative sequence component.
  • the PARK transform adds the transformed results as a modulated signal, and generates a drive control signal through a modulation algorithm.

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Abstract

一种基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器，由基于混合型模块化多电平变换器(MMC)（1）、DC/DC变换器（2）和逆变器（3）构成。每个DC/DC变换器包括前级部分、高频变压部分（T）和后级部分。在该电力电子变压器结构中，MMC和DC/DC变换器前级部分共同完成直流故障穿越且所使用的器件少，MMC与DC/DC变换器分别实施直流电压控制和功率控制，可对MMC中的单个电容电压单独控制或两个电容电压同时进行控制。该电力电子变压器结构具有高压直流、高压交流、低压直流和低压交流四个端口，适合应用于多种类多电压等级的高压大功率场合，特别是适用于能源互联网中，如作为能量路由器等。

Description

基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器 技术领域
本发明涉及基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器。
背景技术
传统的多电平拓扑结构，如基于H桥级联的电力电子变压器，因为H桥级联结构本身都没有高压直流侧，所以该种电力电子变压器也没有高压直流端口。但是随着电力和能源需求的不断扩大，更高效、更节能的输电和用电技术也成为当今电力技术革新的重要方向，使得高压直流输电、直流配电网以及微网等领域逐渐进入大家研究的视野，从而出现了如MMC等相关技术，MMC的出现使得高压直流相关应用变得更可实现和应用，也更符合直流相关技术的发展。基于MMC型的电力电子变压器具有了高压直流端口，使得其与高压直流电网的直接接入成为可能。但是最常见的基于半桥模块的MMC型电力电子变压器并不具有直流故障穿越能力，且所用器件较多，成本高昂，因此对其模块的改进是十分有必要的，否则可靠性很低，难以适应工程的实际应用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是：现有的电子电力变压器结构复杂、成本高、谐波含量高、使用效果差、且无法满足多电源场合下的应用需求。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器，包括混合型的模块化多电平变换器、DC/DC变换器和逆变器；所述DC/DC变换器包括前级部分、高频变压部分和后级部分，前级部分的交流侧连接高频变压部分的原边，高频变压部分的副边连接后级部分的交流侧；所述逆变器为三相四桥臂逆变器；所述模块化多电平变换器为三相，每相两个桥臂，每个桥臂包括X个第一子模块、Y个第二子模块和一个电感；X+Y≥N，所述N为模块化多电平变换器正常工作时需要模块的最少数量；所述第一子模块包括两个串联的半桥结构，包含直流电容C1、直流电容C2，四个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T1、T2、T3和T4；所述T1、T2、T3和T4的集电极分别与各自的续流二 极管的阴极相连接，所述T1、T2、T3和T4的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接；所述的T1的发射极和T2的集电极相连接并作为第一子模块的交流端口A，T1的集电极与C1的正极相连接并作为第一子模块的正极端口C，T2的发射极、C1的负极、T4的集电极和C2的正极相连接并作为第一子模块的端口I，所述的T4的发射极和T3的集电极相连接并作为第一子模块的交流端口B，T3的发射极与C2的负极相连接并作为第一子模块的负极端口D；所述第一子模块的正极端口C、负极端口D分别与该模块直流侧所接DC/DC变换器前级的正极端口、负极端口相连接；所述第二子模块包含直流电容C3、直流电容C4、五个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T5、T6、T7、T8和T9；所述T5、T6、T7、T8和T9的集电极分别与各自的续流二极管的阴极相连接，所述T5、T6、T7、T8和T9的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接；所述第二子模块中的T5的发射极和T6的集电极相连接作为第二子模块的交流端口E，T5的集电极与C3的正极相连接并作为第二子模块的正极端口G，T6的发射极、T9的发射极与C3的负极相连接，T7的发射极和T8的集电极相连接并作为第二子模块的交流端口F，T7的集电极、T9的集电极与C4的正极相连接并作为第二子模块的端口J，T8的发射极与C4的负极相连接并作为第二子模块的负极端口H；所述第二子模块的正极端口G、负极端口H分别与该模块直流侧所接DC/DC变换器前级的正极端口、负极端口相连接；不考虑冗余情况时，X+Y＝N，(2X+2Y)Vc＝Vdc，vm＝(2X+2Y)Vc，其中Vdc为高压直流侧电压，Vc为每个直流电容电压，vm为高压交流侧相电压幅值，考虑冗余情况时，X+Y≥N；当模块化多电平变换器具有直流故障穿越能力且不考虑冗余的情况，
Figure PCTCN2016076496-appb-000001
同一相内，X个第一子模块、Y个第二子模块和电感依次串联构成该相上桥臂，电感、Y个第二子模块和X个第一子模块依次串联构成该相下桥臂，同相内的上桥臂和下桥臂连接的中点为该相电力电子变压器的高压交流接口；三个上桥臂的正极端连接在一起作为电力电子变压器的高压直流端口的正极P，三个下桥臂的负极端连接在一起作为电力电子变压器的高压直流端口的负极N，每个第一子模块和第二子模块的直流侧均与DC/DC变换器的前级相连；所述模块化多电平变换器中的各个子模块直流侧均各自连接一个DC/DC变换器，每个DC/DC变换器的前级直流侧与模块化多电平变换器中每个模块串联的直流电容的正、负极相连接，所有DC/DC变换器的后级直流侧的正、负极分别并联后与逆变器的直流侧的正、负极相连接。
所述冗余状态是指在满足正常运行状态的情况下设置多余的第一或第二子模 块，以备在有使用中的第一或第二子模块出现故障的时候有能够及时替换的第一或第二子模块，其中多余的第一子模块可以替换故障的第一子模块，多余的第二子模块可以替换故障的第一或第二子模块。
进一步，所述DC/DC变换器的高频变压部分是一个高频变压器T，后级部分由一个H桥电路和一个直流电容组成。
进一步，所述DC/DC变换器的前级部分采用全桥结构，第一子模块的端口I和第二子模块的端口J不使用。
进一步，所述DC/DC变换器的前级部分采用改进型二极管钳位结构，包括五个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13、T14和两个二极管D1、D2，T10的集电极与第一子模块的C端或第二子模块的G端相连接，T10的发射极、D1的阴极与T11的集电极相连接，D1的阳极、T14的发射极、D2的阴极与变压器T的一端相连接，T14的集电极与第一子模块的I端或第二子模块的J端相连接，T11的发射极与T12的集电极和高频变压器T的另一端相连接，T12的发射极与D2的阳极、T13的集电极相连接，T13的发射极与第一子模块的D端或第二子模块的H端相连接，其中，在电力电子变压器正常工作时，T14一直处于导通的状态；电力电子变压器发生高压侧直流故障时，T14的触发信号被封锁；所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13和T14的集电极分别与各自的续流二极管的阴极相连接，所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13和T14的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接。
进一步，所述DC/DC变换器的前级部分采用改进型T型三电平结构，包括三个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T15、T16、T19和一个由T17和T18组成的反向阻断绝缘栅双极型晶体管，T15的集电极和第一子模块的C端或第二子模块的G端相连接，T15的发射极、T16的集电极、T17的集电极、T18的发射极与高频变压器T的一端相连接，T17的发射极、T18的集电极、T19的发射极与高频变压器T的另一端相连接，T19的集电极与第一子模块的I端或第二子模块的J端相连接，T16的发射极与第一子模块的D端或第二子模块的H端相连接；所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T15、T16、T17、T18和T19的集电极分别与各自的续流二极管的阴极相连接，所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T15、T16、T17、T18和T19的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接；其中T19在电力电子变压器正常工作时一直处于导通的状态，发生高压侧直流故障时T19的触发信 号被封锁。
进一步，模块化多电平变换器的调制比m≤2，m＝2Vm/Vdc。这样取值的优点是使第一子模块的充放电时间可以满足电压平衡的要求。
本发明的优点是：本发明的基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器，除了具备传统基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的电力电子变压器功能和优点外，相对于目前国内外所提出的设计方案，还具有如下的功能和特点：
1.本发明基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器具有四个端口，分别是高压直流端口，高压交流端口，低压直流端口和低压交流端口，较以往电力电子变压器所多出的高压直流端口，可以使该电力电子变压器直接与高压直流电网相连接，与高压直流输、配电网、微电网以及能源互联网的发展和建设相适应，适用于多电压种类和等级的高压大功率场合。
2.本发明基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器可以通过改变使用第一子模块和第二子模块的数量来达到调整故障穿越能力，第二子模块的数量越多，直流故障穿越能力越强，在高压直流侧出现短路故障时只需封锁所有绝缘栅双极型晶体管和反向阻断绝缘栅双极型晶体管的触发信号即可，由MMC中第二子模块和所接DC/DC电路前级共同完成直流故障穿越且所使用的器件少，充分利用了开关器件，节约了硬件成本，控制方式简单，安全，可以适应不同应用场合的需要。
3.本发明基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器可以直接使用传统模块化多电平变换器的所有调制和控制方法，只需在正常工作时将所有第二子模块中的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T9导通，而在出现短路故障时封锁触发信号；第一子模块和第二子模块中的两个直流电容电压可以同时控制，也可以分别控制任意一个电容的电压，调制和电压平衡策略选择较多，可以适用于不同应用场合。
4.本发明基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器中的DC/DC变换器与第一子模块和第二子模块的两个直流电容连接减少了所需要的DC/DC变换器的数量，降低了器件使用的数量，降低了控制的复杂性。
5.本发明基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器,其特征在于第一子模块和第二子模块承担电容电压控制，DC/DC变换器承担功率控制，电压和功率控制功能的分离使得控制易于实现。
6.本发明基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器,其特征在于发生直流短路故障时，所有开关器件封锁后，当各桥臂电流正向流入第二子模块时流经T9的反并联二极管，而当各桥臂电流反向流入第二子模块后，流经DC-DC 模块的前级开关器件的二极管，从而进行故障清除，充分利用了开关器件，节约了硬件成本。
7.本发明基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器,其特征在于DC/DC变换器的前级提出了H桥、二极管钳位和T型三电平电路共三种方案，为工程实践根据不同要求提供了更多选择，较现有电力电子变压器方案可具有提高输出波形质量，降低通态损耗，增大直流电压利用率等优点。
附图说明
图1表示基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器的整体原理框图。
图2是第一子模块的原理框图。
图3是第二子模块的原理框图。
图4是DC/DC前级部分原理框图(方案2)。
图5是DC/DC前级部分原理框图(方案3)。
图6是模块化多电平变换器每一相的控制电路示意图。
图7是DC/DC变换器控制电路示意图。
图8是低压侧逆变器控制电路示意图。
以上的图中有：第一子模块中的直流电容C1、C2，带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T1、T2、T3，T4，第一子模块中的交流端口A、第一子模块中的交流端口B、第一子模块中的正极端口C、第一子模块中的负极端口D、第一子模块中的端口I，第二子模块中的直流电容C3、C4，带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T5、T6、T7、T8、T9，第二子模块中的交流端口E、第二子模块中的交流端口F、第二子模块中的正极端口G、第二子模块中的负极端口H、第二子模块中的端口J，每个桥臂含有第一子模块的个数X、每个桥臂含有第二子模块的个数Y、a相上桥臂电感Lap、a相下桥臂电感Lan、b相上桥臂电感Lbp、b相下桥臂电感Lbn、c相上桥臂电感Lcp、c相下桥臂电感Lcn、公共直流母线侧的正极P、公共直流母线侧的负极N、交流侧A相端口a、交流侧B相端口b、交流侧C相端口c、低压直流正极端口K，低压直流负极端口L。DC/DC前级部分第二种方案的四个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13和两个二极管D1、D2，第三种方案的两个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T14、T15和一个反向阻断绝缘栅双极型晶体管T16(T17)，高频变压器T。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明技术方案进行详细说明，但是本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。
实施例：如图1-3所示，本发明基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器由混合型的模块化多电平变换器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)、DC/DC变换器、逆变器构成，每个MMC中的子模块直流侧都各自连接一个DC/DC变换器，每个DC/DC变换器的前级直流侧与模块化多电平变换器中每个模块串联的直流电容的正、负极相连接，所有DC/DC变换器的后级直流侧的正、负极分别并联后与逆变器的直流侧的正、负极相连接。逆变器为三相四桥臂逆变器。
本发明模块化多电平变换器中的子模块有两种，分别为第一子模块和第二子模块。第一子模块包含直流电容C1、直流电容C2、4个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T1、T2、T3和T4。第二子模块包含直流电容C3、直流电容C4、5个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T5、T6、T7、T8和T9。所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8和T9的集电极分别与各自的续流二极管的阴极相连接，所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6、T7、T8和T9的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接。第一子模块是两个半桥结构的串联，即所述的T1的发射极和T2的集电极相连接并作为第一子模块的交流端口A，T1的集电极与C1的正极相连接并作为第一子模块的正极端口C，T2的发射极、C1的负极、T4的集电极和C2的正极相连接并作为第一子模块的端口I，所述的T4的发射极和T3的集电极相连接并作为第一子模块的交流端口B，T3的发射极与C2的负极相连接并作为第一子模块的负极端口D，所述第一子模块的正极端口C、负极端口D分别与该模块直流侧所接DC/DC变换器前级的正极端口、负极端口相连接。第二子模块中所述的T5的发射极和T6的集电极相连接作为第二子模块的交流端口E，T5的集电极与C3的正极相连接并作为第二子模块的正极端口G，T6的发射极、T9的发射极与C3的负极相连接，T7的发射极和T8的集电极相连接并作为第二子模块的交流端口F，T7的集电极、T9的集电极与C4的正极相连接并作为第二子模块的端口J，T8的发射极与C4的负极相连接并作为第二子模块的负极端口H，所述第二子模块的正极端口G、负极端口H分别与该模块直流侧所接DC/DC变换器前级的正极端口、负极端口相连接。模块化多电平变换器由两种模块和六个电感组成，电感分别是Lap、Lan、Lbp、Lbn、Lcp、 Lcn。X个第一子模块、Y个第二子模块和电感Lap依次串联构成模块化多电平变换器的A相上桥臂，电感Lan、Y个第二子模块和X个第一子模块依次串联构成模块化多电平变换器的A相下桥臂；X个第一子模块、Y个第二子模块和电感Lbp依次串联构成模块化多电平变换器的B相上桥臂，电感Lbn、Y个第二子模块和X个第一子模块依次串联构成模块化多电平变换器的B相下桥臂；X个第一子模块、Y个第二子模块和电感Lcp依次串联构成模块化多电平变换器的C相上桥臂，电感Lcn、Y个第二子模块和X个第一子模块依次串联构成模块化多电平变换器的C相下桥臂。每个第一子模块的C,D端和第二子模块的G，H端分别和各自模块直流侧所连接的DC/DC变换器的前级C(G)，D(H)端相连。每个桥臂一共含有N个模块，其中共含有2N个直流电容，X个第一子模块和Y个第二子模块，为保证该电力电子变压器的正常工作且不考虑第二子模块工作在负电压的情况，X和Y满足以下关系：X+Y＝N，(2X+2Y)Vc＝Vdc，vm＝(2X+2Y)Vc其中Vdc为高压直流侧电压，Vc为每个直流电容电压，vm为高压交流侧相电压幅值，考虑冗余情况则需满足X+Y≥N。
基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器,假设每个模块中的直流电容电压相等，则模块化多电平变换器具有直流故障穿越能力且不考虑第二子模块工作在负电压和冗余的情况，X和Y满足以下关系：
Figure PCTCN2016076496-appb-000002
在高压直流侧出现短路故障时只需封锁绝缘栅双极型晶体管和反向阻断绝缘栅双极型晶体管的触发信号即可，此时，当各桥臂电流正向流入第二子模块时流经T9的反并联二极管，而当各桥臂电流反向流入第二子模块后，流经DC/DC模块的前级开关器件的反并联二极管，从而进行故障清除，充分利用了开关器件，节约了硬件成本。
为了使第一子模块的充放电时间可以满足电压平衡的要求，则模块化多电平变换器的调制比m≤2，m＝2vm/Vdc。
如图4-5所示，本发明每一个DC/DC变换器分为前级部分、高频变压部分、后级部分，其中前级部分共提出了三种方案，可根据不同应用场合进行选择，高频变压部分是一个高频变压器T，后级部分由一个H桥电路和一个直流电容组成。DC/DC前级部分的第一种方案采用全桥结构，该方案中第一子模块的端口I和第二子模块的端口J不使用，第二种方案采用改进型二极管钳位结构，第三种方案采用改进型T型三电平结构。第二种方案包含五个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13、T14和两个二极管D1、D2，T10的集电极与第一子模块的C 端或第二子模块的G端相连接，T10的发射极、D1的阴极与T11的集电极相连接，D1的阳极、T14的发射极、D2的阴极与变压器T的一端相连接，T14的集电极与第一子模块的I端或第二子模块的J端相连接，T11的发射极与T12的集电极和高频变压器T的另一端相连接，T12的发射极与D2的阳极、T13的集电极相连接，T13的发射极与第一子模块的D端或第二子模块的H端相连接，其中T14在电力电子变压器正常工作时一直处于导通的状态，发生高压侧直流故障时T14的触发信号被封锁。第三种方案包含三个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T15、T16、T19和一个反向阻断绝缘栅双极型晶体管T17(T18)，T15的集电极和第一子模块的C端或第二子模块的G端相连接，T15的发射极、T16的集电极、T17的集电极、T18的发射极与高频变压器T的一端相连接，T17的发射极、T18的集电极、T19的发射极与高频变压器T的另一端相连接，T19的集电极与第一子模块的I端或第二子模块的J端相连接，T16的发射极与第一子模块的D端或第二子模块的H端相连接。所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13、T14、T15、T16和T19的集电极分别与各自的续流二极管的阴极相连接，所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13、T14、T15、T16和T19的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接，其中T19在电力电子变压器正常工作时一直处于导通的状态，发生高压侧直流故障时T19的触发信号被封锁。
如图6所示，以单个电容电压的控制为例，模块化多电平变换器由环流抑制和模块电容电压控制电路来控制模块化多电平变换器的环流和模块电容电压，每相的控制电路相同。以a相为例，首先，测量并采集a相上每一个电容的电压值vcap1-vap(2X+2Y)以及vcan1-van(2X+2Y)，然后求这些电压值的平均值vave，通过电压环的PI调节后，与测量得到的环流iza进行比较，比较的差值经过电流环的PI调节后作为平均电压的调制信号分量vaA，每一个电容实际测量的电压值与设定值的vc*的差值经过PI调节后，根据电容所在的桥臂电流的方向来决定是对模块进行充电还是放电而产生调制信号分量，如第一个模块中第一个半桥模块的调制分量vaBp1，根据vaA，vaBp1，模块所在桥臂的直流和交流信号参考量来产生调制信号，从而产生每个模块所需的PWM信号。
如图7所示，DC/DC变换器由分级独立控制下的直流输出级并联均流控制电路进行控制，主要控制该电力电子变压器的功率流动，引入一个电压外环和12(X+Y)个电流内环。DC/DC变换器并联输出侧的实际值Udc2与输出直流电压指令值Udc*的差值经过PI调节后得到各个DAB变换器输出电流的指令值I*。由于各DC/DC变 换器的实际输出电流iox1，……，iox(12X+12Y)中含有高频分量，需要使用低通滤波器滤除后得到其平均值Iox1，……，Iox(12X+12Y)。最终，实际平均输出电流与指令输出电流的差值通过PI调节后得出各DC/DC变换器的原、副边模块之间的移相比dx1，……，dx(12X+12Y)，根据各DC/DC变换器前级的不同方案以及不同的工程需要，调制方式可能不同。
如图8所示该电力电子变压器低压侧的逆变器由基于对称分量法和电流解耦的控制电路进行控制，主要控制该电力电子变压器低压交流端口的输出。主要工作原理为将低压侧逆变器交流侧负载的电压和电流分别分解为正序，负序和零序分量，然后分别对电压和电流的正序分量和负序分量进行PARK变换，其中变换后的电压D，Q部分分别与给定值进行比较，所得结果经过PI调节后分别与相应的电流D，Q部分相加，所得结果再进行正序分量的反PARK变换以及负序分量的反PARK变换，变换结果相加后作为调制信号，经过调制算法产生驱动控制信号。

Claims (6)

  1. 基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器，其特征在于：包括混合型的模块化多电平变换器、DC/DC变换器和逆变器；
    所述DC/DC变换器包括前级部分、高频变压部分和后级部分，前级部分的交流侧连接高频变压部分的原边，高频变压部分的副边连接后级部分的交流侧；
    所述逆变器为三相四桥臂逆变器；
    所述模块化多电平变换器为三相，每相两个桥臂，每个桥臂包括X个第一子模块、Y个第二子模块和一个电感；X+Y≥N，所述N为模块化多电平变换器正常工作时需要模块的最少数量；
    所述第一子模块包括两个串联的半桥结构，包含直流电容C1、直流电容C2，四个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T1、T2、T3和T4；
    所述T1、T2、T3和T4的集电极分别与各自的续流二极管的阴极相连接，所述T1、T2、T3和T4的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接；
    所述的T1的发射极和T2的集电极相连接并作为第一子模块的交流端口A，T1的集电极与C1的正极相连接并作为第一子模块的正极端口C，T2的发射极、C1的负极、T4的集电极和C2的正极相连接并作为第一子模块的端口I，所述的T4的发射极和T3的集电极相连接并作为第一子模块的交流端口B，T3的发射极与C2的负极相连接并作为第一子模块的负极端口D；所述第一子模块的正极端口C、负极端口D分别与该模块直流侧所接DC/DC变换器前级的正极端口、负极端口相连接；
    所述第二子模块包含直流电容C3、直流电容C4、五个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T5、T6、T7、T8和T9；
    所述T5、T6、T7、T8和T9的集电极分别与各自的续流二极管的阴极相连接，所述T5、T6、T7、T8和T9的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接；
    所述第二子模块中的T5的发射极和T6的集电极相连接作为第二子模块的交流端口E，T5的集电极与C3的正极相连接并作为第二子模块的正极端口G，T6的发射极、T9的发射极与C3的负极相连接，T7的发射极和T8的集电极相连接并作为第二子模块的交流端口F，T7的集电极、T9的集电极与C4的正极相连接并作为第二子模块的端口J，T8的发射极与C4的负极相连接并作为第二子模块的负极端口H；所述第二子模块的正极端口G、负极端口H分别与该模块直流侧所接DC/DC变换器前 级的正极端口、负极端口相连接；
    不考虑冗余情况时，X+Y＝N，(2X+2Y)Vc＝Vdc，vm＝(2X+2Y)Vc，其中Vdc为高压直流侧电压，Vc为每个直流电容电压，vm为高压交流侧相电压幅值，考虑冗余情况时，X+Y≥N；当模块化多电平变换器具有直流故障穿越能力且不考虑冗余的情况，
    Figure PCTCN2016076496-appb-100001
    同一相内，X个第一子模块、Y个第二子模块和电感依次串联构成该相上桥臂，电感、Y个第二子模块和X个第一子模块依次串联构成该相下桥臂，同相内的上桥臂和下桥臂连接的中点为该相电力电子变压器的高压交流接口；
    三个上桥臂的正极端连接在一起作为电力电子变压器的高压直流端口的正极P，三个下桥臂的负极端连接在一起作为电力电子变压器的高压直流端口的负极N，每个第一子模块和第二子模块的直流侧均与DC/DC变换器的前级相连；
    所述模块化多电平变换器中的各个子模块直流侧均各自连接一个DC/DC变换器，每个DC/DC变换器的前级直流侧与模块化多电平变换器中每个模块串联的直流电容的正、负极相连接，所有DC/DC变换器的后级直流侧的正、负极分别并联后与逆变器的直流侧的正、负极相连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器，其特征在于：所述DC/DC变换器的高频变压部分是一个高频变压器T，后级部分由一个H桥电路和一个直流电容组成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器,其特征在于：所述DC/DC变换器的前级部分采用全桥结构，与第一子模块连接的DC/DC变换器的前级部分的直流侧接第一子模块的端口C和端口D端口，与第二子模块连接的DC/DC变换器的前级部分的直流侧接第二子模块的端口G和端口H。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器,其特征在于：所述DC/DC变换器的前级部分采用改进型二极管钳位结构，包括五个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13、T14和两个二极管D1、D2，T10的集电极与第一子模块的C端或第二子模块的G端相连接，T10的发射极、D1的阴极与T11的集电极相连接，D1的阳极、T14的发射极、D2的阴极 与变压器T的一端相连接，T14的集电极与第一子模块的I端或第二子模块的J端相连接，T11的发射极与T12的集电极和高频变压器T的另一端相连接，T12的发射极与D2的阳极、T13的集电极相连接，T13的发射极与第一子模块的D端或第二子模块的H端相连接，其中，在电力电子变压器正常工作时，T14一直处于导通的状态；电力电子变压器发生高压侧直流故障时，T14的触发信号被封锁；所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13和T14的集电极分别与各自的续流二极管的阴极相连接，所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T10、T11、T12、T13和T14的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器,其特征在于：所述DC/DC变换器的前级部分采用改进型T型三电平结构，包括三个带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T15、T16、T19和一个由T17和T18组成的反向阻断绝缘栅双极型晶体管，T15的集电极和第一子模块的C端或第二子模块的G端相连接，T15的发射极、T16的集电极、T17的集电极、T18的发射极与高频变压器T的一端相连接，T17的发射极、T18的集电极、T19的发射极与高频变压器T的另一端相连接，T19的集电极与第一子模块的I端或第二子模块的J端相连接，T16的发射极与第一子模块的D端或第二子模块的H端相连接；所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T15、T16、T17、T18和T19的集电极分别与各自的续流二极管的阴极相连接，所述的带有反并联二极管的绝缘栅双极型晶体管T15、T16、T17、T18和T19的发射极分别与各自的续流二极管的阳极相连接；其中T19在电力电子变压器正常工作时一直处于导通的状态，发生高压侧直流故障时T19的触发信号被封锁。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于混合型模块化多电平变换器的四端口电力电子变压器,其特征在于：模块化多电平变换器的调制比m≤2，m＝2vm/Vdc。
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