CN107482756B - 一种海岛高瞬时能量变换电源及其供电方法 - Google Patents

一种海岛高瞬时能量变换电源及其供电方法 Download PDF

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CN107482756B
CN107482756B CN201710756050.6A CN201710756050A CN107482756B CN 107482756 B CN107482756 B CN 107482756B CN 201710756050 A CN201710756050 A CN 201710756050A CN 107482756 B CN107482756 B CN 107482756B
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罗安
周乐明
陈燕东
戴瑜兴
周小平
伍文华
杨苓
刘傲洋
何志兴
徐千鸣
谢志为
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Hunan University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种海岛高瞬时能量变换电源及其供电方法，所述电源包括两条并联的供电回路：柴油发电机组经冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构、变压器给负荷提供高质电能；柴油发电机组经全控型固态开关、变压器直接供电。短时过载模式下，本发明采用超级电容与铅炭电池组合供能，有效提升了电源瞬时能量输出能力；提出了冗余中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑及冗余模块的热备用控制技术，通过触发并联的冗余模块，增加了额外的瞬时能量回路；同时，采用虚拟柴油机同步控制技术，使得两条并联的供电回路输出电压同频同相，实现了柴油发电机组与含储能的模块化能量快速变换结构同步供电，解决了常规电源难以提供高瞬时能量及短时过载能力的问题。

Description

一种海岛高瞬时能量变换电源及其供电方法
技术领域
本发明涉及海岛、港口、码头及船舶供电领域，特别是一种海岛高瞬时能量变换电源及其供电方法。
背景技术
我国海岸线长约18000公里，海岛数量高达6500个，海岸带资源丰富。海岛作为“海上丝绸之路”战略的前哨战，在国土安全、国防安全具有特殊重要地位；海岛开发是我国实施“海洋工程”的重大部署，是我国走向“海洋强国”的必经之路。但目前海岛的军用武器装备、国防与民用设施首要亟需稳定、可靠的电力供应，高可靠供电电源系统是海岛建设的基石与重要保障。
对于偏远但战略意义重大的岛屿而言，由于铺设海下电缆需要在技术和经济上付出巨大代价，难以实现内地配电网跨海远距离输电。目前，海岛上的国防与民用设施往往是由本地风/光/柴/储等分布式发电单元所构成的电源系统来保障持续供电。该电源系统往往采用不间断供电电源的电路拓扑，一方面经过多级变换给特种负荷提供高质的电能，另一方面当多级变换结构故障时，分布式发电单元可直接给负荷供能，实现高可靠性的供电保障。但该电源系统无论工作于哪种模式，其瞬时的供电功率难以超出分布式发电单元输入的额定容量。
然而，海岛武器装备、港口起重机等重要负荷冷启动过程要求瞬时能量高、超负荷供能持续时间长，单独柴油机组等发电单元难以满足瞬时高能量、短时持续过载的要求。这将严重制约重要的冲击性武器装备对瞬时能量快速变换的国防战备需求，国外技术(业界领先的西门子、ABB)也未系统解决，亟待突破该重大技术难题。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种海岛高瞬时能量变换电源及其供电方法，有效提升电源瞬时能量输出能力，提高负荷短时过载能力，解决柴油机组和常规电源均难以提供高瞬时能量及短时过载能力的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种种海岛高瞬时能量变换电源，其特征在于，包括两条并联的供电回路：柴油发电机组依次经冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构、变压器给特种负荷提供高质电能；柴油发电机组依次经全控型固态开关、变压器直接供电。所述全控型固态开关、冗余多电平模块化双向能量变换结构输出端分别与变压器原边连接，所述变压器副边接特种脉冲负荷；所述全控型固态开关结构为两个反向并联的IGBT模块；所述冗余多电平模块化双向能量变换结构包括串联的前级AC/DC变换器和后级DC/AC变换器；储能双向DC/DC变换器并联接入所述前级AC/DC变换器和后级DC/AC变换器之间。
所述前级AC/DC与后级DC/AC变换器均为冗余中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑；所述冗余中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑为在中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑的基础上并联上冗余备用模块；所述冗余备用模块经反向并联的IGBT模块输出；所述反向并联的IGBT模块由冗余信号控制开断。
相应地，本发明还提供了一种上述海岛高瞬时能量变换电源的供电方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)采样冗余多电平模块化双向能量变换结构的输出电压uo、输出电流io、及柴油发电机组的输出电压us；
(2)提取输出电流io中的高频分量io_H，高频分量io_H与输出电流io之间的关系为：其中，ωH为高通滤波的截止频率。
(3)在特种脉冲负荷冷启动过程，若出现io_H>io_max，立刻触发后级DC/AC变换器中反向并联的IGBT模块的冗余信号S1与切换开关的切换信号S，将处于热备用状态的冗余多电平模块化双向能量变换结构及柴油发电机组的直接支路投入使用，从而增加了两条额外的瞬时能量回路，提升了电源短时能量输出能力，其中io_max为过载电流的临界值；同时，关断前级AC/DC变换器，特种脉冲负荷由柴油发电机组与冗余多电平模块化双向能量变换结构组合供能。
后级DC/AC变换器采用虚拟柴油机同步技术控制，通过模拟柴油机的外特性，使得模块化能量快速变换结构的输出电压uo与柴油发电机组的输出电压us幅值相位一致；在短时过载供电模式下，全控型固态开关闭合后，可保障两条供电回路的输出电压同频同相，短时过载能力提升至5倍额定容量。
与现有技术相比，本发明所具有的有益效果为：本发明采用超级电容与铅炭电池组合供能，有效提升了电源瞬时能量输出能力；提出了后级DC/AC变换器的冗余中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑及冗余模块的热备用控制技术，通过触发并联的冗余模块，增加了额外的瞬时能量回路，提高了负荷短时过载能力；提出了后级DC/AC变换器的虚拟柴油机同步控制技术，使得两条供电回路输出电压同频同相，通过控制全控型固态开关，柴油发电机组与含储能的模块化能量快速变换结构同步供电，解决了柴油机组和常规电源均难以提供高瞬时能量及短时过载能力的问题，短时过载能力提升至5倍额定容量，持续时间可达1min以上。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例海岛高瞬时能量变换电源及其热备用结构；
图2为本发明一实施例冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构框图
图3(a)为本发明一实施例海岛高瞬时能量变换电源短时过载模式下电压波形图；3(b)为本发明一实施例海岛高瞬时能量变换电源短时过载模式下电流波形图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，高瞬时脉冲能量变换电源主要含两条供电回路给特种负荷供电：柴油发电机组经全控型固态开关直接供电；柴油发电机组经冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构间接高质供电，其中两条回路均经变压器隔离给负荷供电。其中，所述全控型固态开关结构为两个反向并联的IGBT模块。
如图2所示，本发明一实施例冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构框图，所述冗余多电平模块化能量快速变换结构包括依次连接的前级AC/DC变换器、储能双向DC/DC变换器及后级DC/AC变换器。所述储能双向DC/DC变换器采用超级电容与铅炭电池组合供能，其电路采用Buck-Boost变换器结构；所述前级AC/DC与后级DC/AC变换器均采用冗余中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑；所述冗余中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑为在中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑的基础上并联上冗余备用模块；所述冗余备用模块经反向并联IGBT模块输出；所述反向并联IGBT模块由冗余信号控制开断。
其中，uo、io分别为冗余多电平模块化能量快速变换结构的输出电压与输出电流，us、io分别为柴油发电机组的输出电压与输出电流，uL、iL分别为特种负荷的输入电压与输出电流，udc为直流侧输出电压，θ为柴油发电机组与后级DC/AC变换器输出电压的同步相位，S为全控型固态开关的切换信号，S1为后级DC/AC变换器中反向并联IGBT模块的冗余信号，d为后级DC/AC变换器的控制信号。
如图1和图2所示，该电源主要包含常规供电和短时过载供电两种运行模式：
1.常规供电模式：特种负荷一般为阻感性负荷与非线性稳态负荷，仅由模块化双向能量快速变换结构提供高质电能；此时，全控型固态开关未被触发，柴油发电机组不直接供电；同时后级DC/AC变换器所并联的冗余模块也处于热备用状态，未被触发导通。
2.短时过载供电模式：特种负荷也往往包括脉冲性等冲击武器装备，常处于冷备用状态，一旦触发，电源需要提供高瞬时能量及短时过载能力，此时电源供电状态由常规供电模式转换成短时过载供电模式。
所述电源高瞬时能量输出的实现步骤为：
1)对冗余多电平模块化能量快速变换结构的输出电压与输出电流uo、io，及柴油发电机组的输出电压us分别进行采样；
2)提取采样输出电流io中的高频分量io_H，两变量间的关系为
其中，ωH为高通滤波的截止频率；
3)在特种脉冲负荷冷启动过程，若出现io_H>io_max，立刻触发后级DC/AC变换器中反向并联的IGBT模块的冗余信号S1与全控型固态开关的切换信号S，将处于热备用状态的冗余模块及柴油发电机组的直接支路投入使用，从而增加了两条额外的瞬时能量回路，提升了电源短时能量输出能力，其中io_max为过载电流的临界值；同时，关断前级AC/DC变换器，特种负荷由柴油发电机组与含超级电容与铅炭电池的冗余模块化能量快速变换结构组合供能，短时过载持续时间可达1min以上。
后级DC/AC变换器采用虚拟柴油机同步技术控制，通过模拟柴油机的外特性并结合柴油发电机组输出电压us的预同步相位θ，可得到后级DC/AC变换器的控制信号d，进而使得模块化能量快速变换结构的输出电压uo与柴油发电机组的输出电压us幅值相位一致，保障两条供电回路的输出电压同频同相，短时过载能力提升至5倍额定容量。
如图3(a)和图3(b)所示，本发明一实施例海岛高瞬时能量变换电源短时过载模式下电压电流波形，在冲击性武器装备冷启动后，特种负荷的功率突变为电源额定容量的5倍，电源立刻切换至短时过载模式，特种负荷的输入电压保持稳定不变，电流突变为额定电流的5倍，满足了冲击性武器装备对瞬时能量快速变换的国防战备需求。

Claims (3)

1.一种海岛高瞬时能量变换电源，其特征在于，包括两条并联的供电回路：柴油发电机组依次经冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构、变压器给特种负荷提供高质电能；柴油发电机组依次经全控型固态开关、变压器直接供电；所述全控型固态开关、冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构输出端分别与变压器原边连接，所述变压器副边接特种负荷；所述全控型固态开关结构为两个反向并联的IGBT模块；所述冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构包括串联的前级AC/DC变换器和后级DC/AC变换器；储能双向DC/DC变换器并联接入所述前级AC/DC变换器和后级DC/AC变换器之间；所述前级AC/DC与后级DC/AC变换器均为冗余中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑；所述冗余中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑为在中点箝位型三电平双向变换拓扑的基础上并联上冗余备用模块；所述冗余备用模块经反向并联的IGBT模块输出；所述反向并联的IGBT模块由冗余信号控制开断。
2.一种权利要求1所述的海岛高瞬时能量变换电源的供电方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)采样冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构的输出电压uo、输出电流io、及柴油发电机组的输出电压us；
2)提取输出电流io中的高频分量io_H，高频分量io_H与输出电流io之间的关系为：其中，ωH为高通滤波的截止频率；
3)在特种负荷冷启动过程，若出现io_H>io_max，立刻触发后级DC/AC变换器中反向并联的IGBT模块的冗余信号S1与切换开关的切换信号S，将处于热备用状态的冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构及柴油发电机组的直接支路投入使用，从而增加了两条额外的瞬时能量回路，提升了电源短时能量输出能力，其中io_max为过载电流的临界值；同时，关断前级AC/DC变换器，特种负荷由柴油发电机组与冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构组合供能。
3.根据权利要求2所述的供电方法，其特征在于，所述后级DC/AC变换器采用虚拟柴油机同步控制方法，使得所述冗余多电平模块化双向能量快速变换结构的输出电压uo与柴油发电机组的输出电压us幅值相位一致。
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