WO2017117893A1 - 一种高速栽植机构 - Google Patents

一种高速栽植机构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017117893A1
WO2017117893A1 PCT/CN2016/082441 CN2016082441W WO2017117893A1 WO 2017117893 A1 WO2017117893 A1 WO 2017117893A1 CN 2016082441 W CN2016082441 W CN 2016082441W WO 2017117893 A1 WO2017117893 A1 WO 2017117893A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
duckbill
planting
arm
rear arm
speed
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PCT/CN2016/082441
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董立立
郭仁豪
毛罕平
韩绿化
胡建平
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江苏大学
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Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Publication of WO2017117893A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017117893A1/zh
Priority to US15/870,097 priority Critical patent/US10524411B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/045—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting with piercing buckets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-speed planting mechanism of a transplanting machine, in particular to a high-speed planting mechanism, which is mainly applied to a transplanting machine and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
  • the main advantages of seedling transplanting compared with the traditional live broadcast method are: shortening the vegetable growth cycle, facilitating the mouthwash arrangement, improving the land utilization rate, and increasing the economic income; after the transplanting of the seedlings, the root system is developed and the flowering is mature and consistent, which can be followed. Facilitating conditions such as management and harvesting. Therefore, vegetable and flower producers are very fond of seedling seedlings and seedling transplanting. However, for a long time, seedling transplanting has always been a labor-intensive industry, and labor costs account for more than 50% of total production costs.
  • the labor intensity of artificial transplanting is large, the operation efficiency is low, the quality of transplanting is poor, and it is difficult to realize large-area transplanting, which leads to small scale of production and low production efficiency, which restricts the development of related planting industry in China.
  • the transplanting machine can greatly reduce the labor intensity of manual transplanting, improve the efficiency of transplanting, quality and survival rate of seedlings, and improve economic and social benefits. Therefore, high-speed transplanting of mechanized seedlings has become an urgent problem to be solved. .
  • the planting system is the core system of the transplanter.
  • the function of the planting system is to implant the seedlings or the seedlings sent by hand through the duckbill planter to implant the seedlings in the field under the premise of ensuring the quality of planting.
  • Most vegetable crops have an upright requirement for the quality of the seedlings or the planting process, and to maintain the uprightness of the planted seedlings, it is necessary to ensure the relative static of the planting moment.
  • a momentary relative static state is created for each planting seedling, so that the seedlings can be settled in a static standing state, and the above is the zero-speed seedling principle of the transplanting machine.
  • the advance speed of the transplanting machine must be opposite to the horizontal splitting speed of the seedling planting instant, so that the instantaneous absolute speed of the seedlings relative to the ground is zero, and the seedlings are opposite to the seedlings.
  • the ground is at a standstill, the planting mechanism of the transplanter planter is placed on the seedlings, and then the soil is filled and filled to complete the planting process.
  • the transplanting speed of transplanting machines is slow, usually about 40 per minute.
  • the invention patent application with the publication number CN101715670A discloses an in-line planting device for punching, hole forming and planting operation for transplanting, which is composed of a transmission device, a planter, a control mechanism and a frame.
  • the transmission device comprises a sprocket, a gear, a shaft and a crank linkage mechanism, wherein the crank linkage mechanism is composed of a crank, a connecting rod, a push rod, a frame and a bearing.
  • the control mechanism is composed of a positioning rod, a limiting plate, a right connecting rod and a left connecting rod, and the bracket is fixed on the frame by bolt connection.
  • the driving power is driven by the sprocket, gear and shaft to drive the crank linkage mechanism to realize the reciprocating linear motion of the planting device.
  • the seedling device is put into the planter through the feeding device.
  • the planter moves to the near bottom dead center, the soil is punched, and the planter is opened under the action of the control mechanism.
  • the seedling is put into the hole to complete the planting operation, and then the planter moves upwards, when it rises to a certain level. After the height, the control mechanism closes it to the next duty cycle.
  • the planter makes reciprocating linear motion, which increases the frequency and reliability of seedlings.
  • the invention patent application disclosed in CN101999268A discloses a planting mechanism for dryland transplanting machines, including a planet carrier, a center wheel, a planetary wheel I, a planetary wheel II, Connecting rod I, connecting rod II, roller, grooved cam and duckbill type planter; by controlling the planetary gear ratio, cam groove type, carrier and link length and length difference, etc. It is suitable for the seedlings movement path of the duckbill seedlings, the seedlings, the seedlings and the seedlings.
  • the seedlings planted according to the movement track have good planting erectility and can avoid injury and scraping.
  • the structure of the planting seedling mechanism is complicated, and the relative speed of the duckbill seedling device and the ground must be zero when the seedlings are put into the seedlings, so as to ensure the verticality of the seedlings, in particular, the seedling raising mechanism has a slow seedling speed and low work efficiency. .
  • the present invention provides a high-speed planting mechanism with a duckbill sloping angle adjusting device, which adjusts and maintains the duckbill with a forward tilt angle when the seedling is planted in the soil, so that The transplanting seedlings are not erect at the moment, but are slightly reclined. Because of the inertia impulse of the seedling itself moving with the transplanting machine at high speed during high-speed transplanting, it will just raise the slightly backed seedlings and make it under the action of the soil wheel.
  • the seedlings are erect; that is, the slightly inclined seedlings of the forward-dipping duckbill are offset by the inertial impulse brought by the high-speed forward speed to keep the seedlings upright and break through the zero-speed seedling transplanting theory.
  • the invention relates to a planting mechanism suitable for a high-speed transplanting machine, and the planting speed per minute can exceed 60 strains, which can solve the problems of slow planting speed, poor erectility and low planting quality, and improve the planting quality and efficiency of the seedlings. .
  • the present invention achieves the above technical objects by the following technical means.
  • the utility model relates to a high-speed planting mechanism, which comprises a power transmission component, a drive shaft, a rocker, a connecting rod, a planting power arm, a duckbill grounding angle adjusting device, a duckbill planting component, a seedling device, and a planting installation adjustment base.
  • the power transmitting component is connected to the driving shaft, one end of the rocker is fixed at one end of the driving shaft, and the other end of the rocker is hinged with the middle section of the planting power arm, and one end of the planting power arm and the duck
  • the mouth planting component is hinged, the other end is hinged with the planter installation adjustment base, and the seedling device is installed on the transplanting machine;
  • the duckbill grounding angle adjusting device comprises a rear arm, a forearm, a return spring, a control line, a control wire sleeve, and a control a regulator having a first limit on the rear arm and the forearm a first control line hole and a second control line hole are respectively disposed on the first limiting plate and the second limiting plate; and one end of the forearm is hinged to the plant mounting adjustment base
  • the control adjuster includes
  • the duckbill grounding angle adjusting device can incline the planting duckbill in a direction opposite to the traveling direction of the transplanting machine, and the angle between the upper and lower center line of the planting duckbill and the ground is adjusted at 75°-85°.
  • one end of the connecting end of the rear arm and the forearm is respectively provided with an extension portion, and the two extension portions are slidably assembled.
  • one end of the rear arm connected to the forearm is provided with a sliding adjustment groove
  • one end of the front arm connected to the rear arm is provided with a guiding pin
  • the guiding pin shaft is inserted in the sliding adjusting groove
  • the extension of the forearm has a counterbore corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the extension of the rear arm, the extension of the rear arm is inserted into the counterbore and is slidably guided with the two sides of the counterbore .
  • a ball is disposed between the extension of the rear arm and the counterbore.
  • the regulator body is provided with a scale.
  • one side of the duckbill planting component is provided with an angle scale plate.
  • the high-speed planting mechanism of the invention is mainly used for a hole-type planter, and a duckbill-in-place angle adjusting device is arranged on the duckbill planter component, and the control line is adjusted to tighten or loosen the control line by adjusting the control regulator Adjusting the angle of the duckbill planter so that the duckbill planter and the vertical direction have an inclination angle opposite to the direction of advancement of the transplanter, so that the seedlings are inclined when the implant is implanted in the opposite direction of the advancement direction of the transplanter.
  • the seedlings in the duckbill planter When the transplanter drives the duckbill planter to move forward, the seedlings in the duckbill planter also have the same sub-speed as the transplanter in the horizontal direction, that is, the seedlings have the same speed as the transplanter at the moment of transplanting.
  • the forward inertia speed so that the seedlings that are slightly inclined backwards when the forward-dipping duckbill is transplanted are offset by the inertia brought by the forward speed, and the seedlings are erected under the action of the soil-covering wheel to overcome the current slow transplanting speed. And the problem of poor erectility, and improve the quality of seedlings.
  • the high-speed planting mechanism of the present invention breaks through the zero-speed seedling transplanting theory by utilizing the forward inertial force and the soil-covering wheel to support the seedling, overcoming the seedling lodging and erecting, thereby improving the planting efficiency and making the planting speed exceed every minute 60 strains; and the open duck's mouth will not hurt the seedlings when the seedlings are planted, and the inertia impulse of the transplanting machine will not hurt the seedlings. Therefore, the high-speed planting mechanism of the invention improves the seedling quality and provides support for the research and development of the high-speed transplanting machine. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the high speed planting mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the duckbill horn adjusting device.
  • Figure 3 is a structural view of the rear arm.
  • Figure 4 is a structural view of the rear arm.
  • Fig. 5 is a structural view of the control regulator.
  • the high-speed planting mechanism of the present invention adjusts and tilts the duckbill-planted duckbill in a direction opposite to the traveling direction of the transplanter through the duckbill-in-place angle adjusting device 5, so that the planted duckbill has a straight line between the upper and lower center and the ground.
  • An angle, that is, the duckbill is planted in the soil. In this way, when the seedlings are planted in the soil, the moment is slightly reclined.
  • the present invention is a planting mechanism that can be used in a high speed transplanter.
  • the high-speed planting mechanism of the present invention comprises a power transmitting component, a driving shaft 9, a rocker 7, a connecting rod 6, a planting power arm 4, a duckbill horn adjusting device 5, and a duckbill planting component 1
  • the seedling device and the planter are mounted with an adjustment base 8, and the power transmitting member is connected to the drive shaft 9, and one end of the rocker 7 is fixed to the drive shaft 9
  • the other end of the rocker 7 is hinged to the middle section of the planting power arm 4
  • one end of the planting power arm 4 is hinged to the duckbill planting component 1, and the other end is connected with the power arm supporting shaft on the planter adjustment base 8.
  • the 802 hinged, seedling device is installed on the transplanter.
  • the duckbill angle adjusting device 5 includes a rear arm 51, a forearm 53, a return spring 55, a control line 54, a control sleeve 56, and a control adjuster 10, and one end of the forearm 53 has a forearm rotation.
  • a sleeve 533, the forearm sleeve 533 and an adjustment arm support shaft 801 hinged to the planter mounting adjustment base 8 one end of the rear arm 51 having a rear arm sleeve 513, the rear arm sleeve 513 and
  • the duckbill planting member 1 is hinged, and the other ends of the rear arm 51 and the front arm 53 are slidably coupled in the axial direction.
  • the invention adjusts the angle of the duckbill planting component 1 and the ground by adjusting the length of the adjusting arm composed of the forearm 53 and the rear arm 51, so that the planting duckbill is inclined in a direction opposite to the traveling direction of the transplanting machine, and the duckbill upper and lower centers are planted.
  • the angle between the line and the ground is adjusted between 65° and 85°.
  • the present invention adjusts the length of the adjustment arm by the control line 54 and the return spring 55.
  • one end of the rear arm 51 connected to the front arm 53 is provided with a sliding adjustment slot 512
  • one end of the front arm 53 connected to the rear arm 51 is provided with a guide.
  • the pin 52, the guide pin 52 is received in the guide pin hole 532, and the guide pin 52 and the pin hole 532 are in an interference fit.
  • the guide pin 52 is inserted into the sliding adjustment groove 512, and the guide pin 52 can slide in the adjustment groove to serve as a guide.
  • the rear arm 51 and the front arm 53 respectively have a first limiting plate 514 and a second limiting plate 534, and the first limiting plate 514 and the second limiting plate 534 are disposed.
  • a first control line hole and a second control line hole 531 are respectively provided.
  • the return spring 55 is located between the first limiting plate 514 and the second limiting plate 534.
  • One end of the control line 54 is fixed at the second limiting plate 534, and the other end passes through the first control line hole and is reset.
  • the spring 55, the second control line hole 531, the control sleeve 56 are fixedly connected to the regulator.
  • the control adjuster 10 is configured to tension or loosen the control line 54, as shown in FIG. 5, including the adjuster body 103, and a handle 101 fixed to the body.
  • the regulator body 103 is fixed on the duckbill planting component 1 by a screw 102.
  • the duckbill planting component 1 is provided with a cylindrical protrusion, and the regulator body 103 is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. a circular hole; the protrusion can be embedded in the circular hole.
  • the screw 102 for fixing the adjuster body 103 is first loosened, the adjuster body 103 is rotated by the handle 101, the control line 54 is tightened or loosened, and the control wire sleeve 56 cooperates to make the planted duckbill suitable.
  • the screw 102 is tightened, and at the same time, the circular hole on the regulator body 103 is placed on the cylindrical protrusion on the duckbill planting part 1, and the cylindrical body is used to fix the regulator body 103 to prevent adjustment.
  • the body 103 rotates.
  • an angle scale plate is provided on one side of the duckbill planting member 1, or a scale is provided on the adjuster body 103.
  • the power transmitting component can be driven by an electric motor or a fuel engine.
  • the driving force of fuel oil, electric motor, etc. The force is transmitted to the component input, and then the rocker 7 is rotated by the driving shaft 9, and the power arm 4 is driven by the connecting rod 6, thereby driving the duckbill planting component 1 to move up and down, and the duckbill opening and closing control component 3 is obtained according to the movement and movement.
  • the information of the matching speed of the planting wheel is controlled to control the opening and closing of the duckbill to complete the transplanting of the seedling, and the transplanting of the seedling is in line with the agronomic requirements.
  • the lateral adjustment lever 2 is used for installation adjustment of the duckbill planting component.
  • one end of the rear arm 51 and the front arm 53 having the screw hole is respectively provided with an extending portion, and the two extending portions are slidably assembled.
  • the two extension portions are assembled in various manners.
  • the extension portion of the front arm 53 has a counterbore corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the extension portion of the rear arm 51, and the extension portion of the rear arm 51 is inserted into the extension portion.
  • a ball is disposed between the extension of the rear arm 51 and the counterbore to reduce the friction between the extension of the rear arm 51 and the counterbore It is convenient to adjust the length of the adjustment arm.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种高速栽植机构，在鸭嘴栽植器部件（1）上设置鸭嘴入土角调节装置（5），所述鸭嘴入土角调节装置（5）包括后臂（51）、前臂（53）、复位弹簧（55）、控制线（54）、控制线套（56）和控制调节器（10），所述前臂（53）铰接于栽植器安装基座（8）上，所述后臂（51）与鸭嘴栽植部件（1）铰接，所述后臂（51）和所述前臂（53）的另一端在轴向上为滑动连接，所述控制调节器（10）包括调节器本体（103）、及固定在所述本体（103）上的手柄（101）。通过拉紧或放松所述控制线（54），调节入土角，利用秧苗本身的前行惯性力和覆土轮扶苗使秧苗直立，突破零速投苗移栽理论，提高秧苗的栽植质量和效率。

Description

一种高速栽植机构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种移栽机高速栽植机构，尤其是一种高速栽植机构，主要应用于移栽机，属于农业机械技术领域。
背景技术
钵苗移栽与传统直播方式相比的主要优点是：能缩短蔬菜生长周期，有利茬口安排，提高土地利用率，增加经济收入；钵苗移栽后根系发达、开花成熟一致，可为后续的管理、收获等环节提供便利条件。因此，蔬菜、花卉生产者非常喜欢穴盘育苗、钵苗移栽，但长期以来，钵苗移栽一直是一项劳动密集型产业，劳动力成本占总生产成本的50％以上。人工移栽的劳动强度大，作业效率低，移栽质量差，难以实现大面积移栽，从而导致生产规模小，生产效益低下，制约了我国相关种植业的发展。移栽机能够大大降低人工移栽作业的劳动强度，提高移栽效率、质量和钵苗成活率，还能提高经济效益和社会效益，因此机械化钵苗高速移栽已成为目前迫切需要解决的问题。
栽植系统是移栽机的核心系统。栽植系统的作用就是把分苗器或人工送来的钵苗，通过鸭嘴栽植器将穴盘苗在保证栽植质量的前提下植入大田。大多数蔬菜作物对钵苗栽植质量或栽植工序具有直立性要求，而要保持栽植钵苗的直立性，则需要保证栽植瞬间的相对静止。在移栽机连续前进运动的情况下，为每个栽植钵苗创造一瞬间的相对静止状态，以便实现钵苗在静止直立状态下完成定植，以上为移栽机的零速投苗原理。因此，在栽植投苗过程中，移栽机的前进速度必须要与钵苗栽植瞬间的水平分速度大小相等方向相反，使钵苗获得相对地面的瞬时绝对速度为零，此时钵苗相对于地面处于静止状态，移栽机栽植器植苗机构投放钵苗，然后进行覆土填压，完成栽植过程。目前，受“零速投苗”限制，移栽机栽植速度较慢，通常为每分钟40株左右。
公开号为CN101715670A的发明专利申请公开了一种直列式栽植装置，用于移栽的打孔、成穴、栽苗作业，由传动装置、栽植器、控制机构、机架组成。传动装置包括链轮、齿轮、轴及曲柄连杆机构，其中曲柄连杆机构由曲柄、连杆、推杆、机架及轴承组成。控制机构由定位杆、限位板、右连杆、左连杆组成，支架通过螺栓连接固定在机架上。驱动动力经链轮、齿轮、轴传动，带动曲柄连杆机构运动，实现栽植装置的往复直线运动。当栽植器运动到上止点时处于闭合状态，通过喂苗装置将钵苗投入栽植器内， 随着栽植器运动到将近下止点的过程中入土打孔，并在控制机构作用下将栽植器打开，钵苗被投入穴孔内完成栽苗作业，随后栽植器向上运动，当上升到一定高度后控制机构将其关闭进入下一工作循环。栽植器做往复直线运动，提高了投苗频率和可靠性。但由于所述直列式栽植装置是和移栽机一起向前移动的，因此在水平方向有分速度，栽植器在完成载苗程序后，由于惯性会对秧苗产生刮带，导致秧苗的栽植直立度不好和倒伏，降低了移栽质量，也不利于秧苗的生长。
为了克服栽植器水平分速度导致的伤苗与刮带问题，公开号为CN101999268A的发明专利申请公开了一种旱地移栽机植苗机构，包括行星架、中心轮、行星轮Ⅰ、行星轮Ⅱ、连杆Ⅰ、连杆Ⅱ、滚子、槽型凸轮和鸭嘴式栽植器；通过控制行星轮系齿数比、凸轮槽型、行星架与连杆长度和与长度差等参数，可得到一种适合鸭嘴式植苗器接苗、带苗、打穴放苗的植苗运动轨迹，按该运动轨迹设计的植苗机构所栽秧苗具有良好的栽植直立度，同时可避免伤苗与刮带。但该种植苗机构的结构复杂，打穴放苗时鸭嘴式植苗器与地面的相对速度必须为零时，才能保证秧苗的直立度，特别是，该植苗机构的植苗速度慢、工作效率低。
发明内容
针对移栽机栽植系统现有技术中存在不足，本发明提供了一种带有鸭嘴入土角调节装置的高速栽植机构，调节并使鸭嘴在入土植苗时与地面保持朝前一倾角，这样秧苗移栽的瞬间并不直立，而是稍微后仰，由于高速移栽时秧苗本身随移栽机高速前进的惯性冲量，恰好将稍微后仰的秧苗扶起，并在覆土轮的作用下使秧苗直立；也就是，前倾鸭嘴移栽的朝后稍斜倾的秧苗与其高速前进速度带来的惯性冲量相抵消，以保持秧苗直立，突破零速投苗移栽理论。本发明是一种适用于高速移栽机的栽植机构，每分钟植苗速度可超过60株，能解决栽植速度慢、直立度不好和栽植质量低的问题，并提高了秧苗的栽植质量和效率。
本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。
一种高速栽植机构，其特征在于，包括动力传入部件、驱动轴、摇杆、连杆、栽植动力臂、鸭嘴入土角调节装置、鸭嘴栽植部件、扶苗装置、栽植器安装调整基座，所述动力传入部件与驱动轴连接，所述摇杆的一端固定在所述驱动轴的一端，摇杆的另一端与栽植动力臂中间段铰接，所述栽植动力臂的一端与鸭嘴栽植部件铰接，另一端与栽植器安装调整基座铰接，扶苗装置安装于移栽机上；所述鸭嘴入土角调节装置包括后臂、前臂、复位弹簧、控制线、控制线套、控制调节器，所述后臂、前臂上分别具有第一限 位板、第二限位板，所述第一限位板、第二限位板上分别设有第一控制线孔、第二控制线孔；所述前臂的一端铰接于栽植器安装调整基座上，所述后臂的一端与鸭嘴栽植部件铰接，所述后臂、前臂的另一端在轴向上可滑动连接，所述控制调节器包括调节器本体、及固定在所述本体上的手柄；所述调节器本体通过螺钉固定在所述栽植器安装调整基座或鸭嘴栽植部件上，所述栽植器安装调整基座或鸭嘴栽植部件上设有一圆柱凸起，所述调节器本体上设有多个在周向均匀分布的圆孔；所述凸起能够嵌入到所述圆孔中；所述复位弹簧位于所述第一限位板、第二限位板之间，控制线一端固定在第二限位板处，另一端依次穿过第一控制线孔、复位弹簧、第二控制线孔、控制线套，并固定连接在调节器本体上。
优选地，所述鸭嘴入土角调节装置能使栽植鸭嘴向与移栽机行驶方向相反的方向倾斜，栽植鸭嘴上下中心直线与地面之间具有的夹角在75°-85°调节。
优选地，所述后臂、前臂相连接一端分别设有一延伸部，两个所述延伸部可滑动装配。
优选地，所述后臂与前臂相连接的一端设有滑动调节槽，所述前臂与后臂相连接的一端设有导向销轴，所述导向销轴穿插在所述滑动调节槽内。
优选地，所述前臂的延伸部具有与后臂的延伸部截面形状相符的沉孔，所述后臂的延伸部插入所述沉孔中、并与所述沉孔的两侧为滑动导向配合。
优选地，所述后臂的延伸部与所述沉孔之间设置滚珠。
优选地，所述调节器本体上设有刻度。
优选地，所述鸭嘴栽植部件一侧设有角度刻度板。
本发明所述的高速栽植机构，主要用于打穴式栽植器，在鸭嘴栽植器部件上设置鸭嘴入土角调节装置，通过调节所述控制调节器，拉紧或放松所述控制线以调节鸭嘴栽植器的入土角，使鸭嘴栽植器与竖直方向之间具有向移栽机前进方向相反方向的倾斜角，使秧苗被植入时向移栽机前进方向相反的方向倾斜，在移栽机带动鸭嘴栽植器向前运动时，鸭嘴栽植器里的秧苗在水平方向上也具有与移栽机相同的分速度，即秧苗在移栽的瞬间也具有与移栽机相同的前进惯性速度，这样可使前倾鸭嘴移栽的朝后稍斜倾的秧苗与其前进速度带来的惯性相抵消，并在覆土轮的作用下使秧苗直立，以克服目前移栽速度慢和直立度不好的问题，并提高秧苗植苗质量。
同时，本发明所述的高速栽植机构，通过利用前行惯性力与覆土轮扶苗、克服秧苗倒伏并使之直立，突破了零速投苗移栽理论，提高了栽植效率，使植苗速度超过每分钟 60株；且秧苗栽植时张开的鸭嘴不会伤苗，移栽机的惯性冲量也不会伤苗，因此，本发明高速栽植机构提高了植苗质量，为高速移栽机的研发提供支撑。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述高速栽植机构的结构示意图。
图2为所述鸭嘴入土角调节装置结构示意图。
图3为所述后臂结构图。
图4为所述后臂结构图。
图5为所述控制调节器的结构图。
附图标记说明如下：
1-鸭嘴栽植部件，2-横向调节杆，3-鸭嘴开合控制部件，4-栽植动力臂，5-鸭嘴入土角调节装置，6-连杆，7-摇杆，8-调整基座，9-驱动轴，10-控制调节器，51-后臂，52-导向销轴，53-前臂，54-控制线，55-复位弹簧，56-控制线套，801-调节臂支撑轴，802-动力臂支撑轴，101-手柄，102-螺钉，103-调节器本体，511-第一控制线孔，512-滑动调节槽，513-后臂转套，514-第一限位板，531-第二控制线孔，532-导向销轴孔，533-前臂转套，534-第二限位板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
本发明所述的高速栽植机构，通过鸭嘴入土角调节装置5，调节并使鸭嘴栽植鸭嘴向与移栽机行驶方向相反的方向倾斜，使栽植鸭嘴上下中心直线与地面之间具有一夹角，即鸭嘴栽植入土角。这样，秧苗栽植入土的瞬间稍微后仰，由于高速移栽时穴盘苗本身随移栽机高速前进的惯性冲量，恰好将稍微后仰的穴盘苗扶起，并在覆土轮的作用下而直立；也就是，前倾鸭嘴移栽的朝后稍斜倾的秧苗与其高速前进速度带来的惯性冲量相抵消，以保持秧苗的直立，突破零速投苗移栽理论，每分钟植苗速度可超过60株，能解决栽植速度慢、直立度不好和栽植质量低的问题，并提高了秧苗的栽植质量和效率。本发明是一种可用于高速移栽机的栽植机构。
如图1所示，本发明所述高速栽植机构，包括动力传入部件、驱动轴9、摇杆7、连杆6、栽植动力臂4、鸭嘴入土角调节装置5、鸭嘴栽植部件1、扶苗装置、栽植器安装调整基座8，所述动力传入部件与驱动轴9连接，所述摇杆7的一端固定在所述驱动轴9 的一端，摇杆7的另一端与栽植动力臂4中间段铰接，所述栽植动力臂4的一端与鸭嘴栽植部件1铰接，另一端与栽植器安装调整基座8上的动力臂支撑轴802铰接，扶苗装置安装于移栽机上。
如图2所示，所述鸭嘴入土角调节装置5包括后臂51、前臂53、复位弹簧55、控制线54、控制线套56、控制调节器10，所述前臂53的一端具有前臂转套533，所述前臂转套533与铰接于栽植器安装调整基座8上的调节臂支撑轴801上，所述后臂51的一端具有后臂转套513，所述后臂转套513与鸭嘴栽植部件1铰接，所述后臂51、前臂53的另一端在轴向上可滑动连接。本发明通过调整前臂53、后臂51组成的调节臂的长度，来调节鸭嘴栽植部件1与地面的角度，使栽植鸭嘴向与移栽机行驶方向相反的方向倾斜，栽植鸭嘴上下中心直线与地面之间具有的夹角在65°-85°调节。具体的，本发明是通过控制线54、复位弹簧55调整调节臂的长度。图2、图3、图4所示，本实施例中，所述后臂51与前臂53相连接的一端设有滑动调节槽512，所述前臂53与后臂51相连接的一端设有导向销轴52，导向销轴52装在导向销轴孔532内，导向销轴52与销轴孔532为过盈配合。所述导向销轴52穿插在所述滑动调节槽512内，所述导向销轴52可以在所述调节槽内滑动，起到导向的作用。如图3、图4所示，所述后臂51、前臂53上分别具有第一限位板514、第二限位板534，所述第一限位板514、第二限位板534上分别设有第一控制线孔、第二控制线孔531。所述复位弹簧55位于所述第一限位板514、第二限位板534之间，控制线54一端固定在第二限位板534处，另一端依次穿过第一控制线孔、复位弹簧55、第二控制线孔531、控制线套56，并固定连接在调节器上。
所述控制调节器10，用于拉紧或放松控制线54，如图5所示，包括调节器本体103、及固定在所述本体上的手柄101。所述调节器本体103通过螺钉102固定在所述鸭嘴栽植部件1上，所述鸭嘴栽植部件1上设有一圆柱凸起，所述调节器本体103上设有多个在周向均匀分布的圆孔；所述凸起能够嵌入到所述圆孔中。在使用过程中，首先旋松用于固定调节器本体103的螺钉102，通过手柄101旋转调节器本体103，拉紧或放松控制线54，与控制线套56的合作，使栽植鸭嘴具有合适的入土角，再旋紧螺钉102，同时，使调节器本体103上的圆孔套在鸭嘴栽植部件1上的圆柱凸起上，利用所述圆柱形凸起来固定调节器本体103，防止调节器本体103旋转。
为了使鸭嘴栽植入土角更直观的被观察或者更以调整，在所述鸭嘴栽植部件1一侧设有角度刻度板，或者在调节器本体103上设置刻度。
所述动力传入部件可以由电动机或者燃油机驱动。燃油机、电动机等的驱动力由动 力传入部件输入，后经驱动轴9带动摇杆7转动，并通过连杆6带动栽植动力臂4，进而带动鸭嘴栽植部件1上下移动，鸭嘴开合控制部件3根据获得的与移栽机地轮转速匹配的信息，控制鸭嘴的开合，以完成秧苗的移栽，并使秧苗的移栽符合其农艺要求。横向调节杆2用于鸭嘴栽植部件的安装调节。
另外，在所述后臂51、前臂53具有所述螺孔的一端分别设有一延伸部，两个所述延伸部可滑动装配。具体的，两个所述延伸部的装配方式有多种，例如，所述前臂53的延伸部具有于后臂51的延伸部截面形状相符的沉孔，所述后臂51的延伸部插入所述沉孔中、并与所述沉孔间隙配合，在所述后臂51的延伸部与所述沉孔之间设置滚珠，以减小后臂51的延伸部与沉孔之间的摩擦力，方便调整所述调节臂的长度。
所述实施例为本发明的优选的实施方式，但本发明并不限于上述实施方式，在不背离本发明的实质内容的情况下，本领域技术人员能够做出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种高速栽植机构，其特征在于：包括动力传入部件、驱动轴(9)、摇杆(7)、连杆(6)、栽植动力臂(4)、鸭嘴入土角调节装置(5)、鸭嘴栽植部件(1)、扶苗装置、栽植器安装调整基座(8)，栽植器安装调整座(8)上有调节臂支撑轴(801)和动力臂支撑轴(802)；所述动力传入部件与驱动轴(9)连接，所述摇杆(7)的一端固定在所述驱动轴(9)的一端，摇杆(7)的另一端与栽植动力臂(4)中间段铰接，所述栽植动力臂(4)的一端与鸭嘴栽植部件(1)铰接，另一端与栽植器安装调整基座(8)上的动力臂支撑轴(802)铰接，扶苗装置安装于移栽机上；所述鸭嘴入土角调节装置(5)包括后臂(51)、前臂(53)、复位弹簧(55)、控制线(54)、控制线套(56)、控制调节器(10)，所述后臂(51)、前臂(53)上分别具有第一限位板(514)、第二限位板(534)，所述第一限位板(514)、第二限位板(534)上分别设有第一控制线孔(511)、第二控制线孔(531)；所述前臂(53)的一端铰接于栽植器安装调整基座(8)的调节臂支撑轴(801)上，所述后臂(51)的一端与鸭嘴栽植部件(1)铰接，所述后臂(51)、前臂(53)的另一端在轴向上可滑动连接，所述控制调节器(10)包括调节器本体(103)、及固定在所述本体上的手柄(101)；所述调节器本体(103)通过螺钉(102)固定在所述栽植器安装调整基座(8)或鸭嘴栽植部件(1)上，所述栽植器安装调整基座(8)或鸭嘴栽植部件(1)上设有一圆柱凸起，所述调节器本体(103)上设有多个在周向均匀分布的圆孔；所述凸起能够嵌入到所述圆孔中；所述复位弹簧(55)位于所述第一限位板(514)、第二限位板(534)之间，控制线(54)一端固定在第二限位板(534)处，另一端依次穿过第一控制线孔(511)、复位弹簧(55)、第二控制线孔(531)、控制线套(56)，并固定连接在调节器本体(103)上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高速栽植机构，其特征在于：所述鸭嘴入土角调节装置(5)能使栽植鸭嘴向与移栽机行驶方向相反的方向倾斜，栽植鸭嘴上下中心直线与地面之间具有的夹角在65°-85°调节。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高速栽植机构，其特征在于：所述后臂(51)、前臂(53)相连接一端分别设有一延伸部，两个所述延伸部可滑动装配。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的高速栽植机构，其特征在于：所述后臂(51)与前臂(53)相连接的一端设有滑动调节槽(512)，所述前臂(53)与后臂(51)相连接的一端设有导向销轴(52)，所述导向销轴(52)穿插在所述滑动调节槽(512)内。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的高速栽植机构，其特征在于：所述前臂(53)的延伸部具有与后臂(51)的延伸部截面形状相符的沉孔，所述后臂(51)的延伸部插入所述沉孔中、并与所述沉孔的两侧为滑动导向配合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的高速栽植机构，其特征在于：所述后臂(51)的延伸部与所述沉孔之间设置滚珠。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的高速栽植机构，其特征在于：所述调节器本体(103)上设有刻度。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的高速栽植机构，其特征在于：所述鸭嘴栽植部件(1)一侧设有角度刻度板。
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CN108207216A (zh) * 2017-12-19 2018-06-29 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 苗木基质装填移栽传动系统
CN109997475A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-07-12 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 一种瓜菜坐水移栽复式作业机
CN110178504A (zh) * 2019-06-24 2019-08-30 重庆科技学院 一种节约体积空间的穴盘苗轻简栽植机构
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CN115500121A (zh) * 2022-09-07 2022-12-23 宁波中禾领科科技有限公司 一种同步开坑的旱地移栽机插植机构及移栽机
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