WO2017114302A1 - 管腔支架 - Google Patents

管腔支架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017114302A1
WO2017114302A1 PCT/CN2016/111686 CN2016111686W WO2017114302A1 WO 2017114302 A1 WO2017114302 A1 WO 2017114302A1 CN 2016111686 W CN2016111686 W CN 2016111686W WO 2017114302 A1 WO2017114302 A1 WO 2017114302A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radial
lumen
tubular body
support structure
radial support
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/111686
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖本好
张德元
舒畅
王逸斐
Original Assignee
先健科技(深圳)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 先健科技(深圳)有限公司 filed Critical 先健科技(深圳)有限公司
Priority to EP16881091.9A priority Critical patent/EP3398564B1/en
Priority to ES16881091T priority patent/ES2928776T3/es
Priority to US16/067,362 priority patent/US10624768B2/en
Priority to PL16881091.9T priority patent/PL3398564T3/pl
Publication of WO2017114302A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017114302A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/852Two or more distinct overlapping stents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/04Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/82Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/86Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to implantable medical devices, and more particularly to a lumen stent and a lumen stent system.
  • a lumen stent can be used to perform an endovascular exclusion to isolate a lesion in a human lumen.
  • a lumen stent can be used to isolate an arterial dissection or an aneurysm in a blood vessel.
  • Such methods have the advantages of small surgical trauma, low intraoperative blood transfusion, rapid postoperative recovery, and short hospital stay, and thus have gradually replaced traditional open surgery.
  • the lumen stent typically has a radial expansion capability that is secured to the lumen by its radial support against the vessel wall. In order to prevent the bracket from falling off, the bracket needs to have a sufficient radial supporting force, and the greater the radial supporting force, the stronger the rigidity of the bracket after the radial deployment.
  • the shape of the inner wall of the lumen is different, and there may be calcified plaque on the inner wall of the lumen to change the morphology of the inner wall of the lumen.
  • the lumen stent with greater rigidity may cause poor adhesion between the stent and the lumen. So that the stent and the diseased lumen wall cannot be completely closed.
  • the plaque 13 on the inner wall of the lumen 12 can have a gap 14 between the stent 11 and the inner wall of the lumen 12 through which blood flow can flow to the tumor lumen or the sandwich pseudocavity to produce a type I endoleak.
  • a plurality of stents may be used in combination with a chimney technique, a periscope technique, or a sandwich technique, and the lumen stent is implanted into the main vessel and the branch vessel, respectively.
  • one end of the main body bracket 15 and the branch bracket 16 are inserted side by side into the lumen 12, and the other end of the main body bracket 15 is in communication with a larger body blood vessel (not shown), and the other end of the branch bracket 16 is Smaller branch vessels are connected (not shown).
  • the radial support force of the branch bracket 16 needs to be greater than the radial support force of the body bracket 15, which may cause the body bracket 15 to be radially deformed more easily at the side-by-side implant, thereby the branch bracket 16
  • a gap 17 is formed between the main body support 15 and the inner wall of the lumen 12, thereby creating a type I endoleak through which blood flow can flow to the tumor cavity or the sandwich false lumen.
  • This type I endoleak may occur in the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, or other lumens. If the blood flow continues to flow, it may cause the interstitial false lumen or aneurysm cavity to continue to increase, and eventually lead to serious consequences of its rupture, so that the endovascular isolation treatment fails. Therefore, for the lumen stent in the endovascular grafting, in order to improve the surgical effect and the success rate of healing, it is particularly important to avoid the type I endoleak of the stent and the lumen.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lumen stent that avoids the formation of internal leaks in view of the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is to provide a lumen stent, comprising a first tubular body and a second tubular body, wherein the second tubular body is sleeved outside the first tubular body, and at least One end is sealingly coupled to an outer surface of the first tubular body;
  • the lumen support has a radial support section; and within the radial support section, the first tubular body includes at least one section arranged along a circumferential direction thereof a radial support structure, the second tubular body comprising at least one second radial support structure arranged along a circumferential direction thereof and a coating covering the second radial support structure, and the second radial support
  • the radial deformation capability of the structure is greater than the radial deformation capability of the first radial support structure.
  • the radial length variation of the second radial support structure is greater than the radial length variation of the first radial support structure under the same radial force; or
  • the radial length change rate of the second radial support structure is greater than the diameter change rate of the first radial support structure under the same radial force; or, the same radial change rate or the same radial change occurs
  • the radial external force required by the first radial support structure is greater than the radial external force required by the second radial support structure.
  • the diameter change or the path length change rate of the first radial support structure is the diameter of the second radial support structure under the same radial force, respectively.
  • the long change amount or the change rate of the diameter is 1.05 to 10 times or 2 to 5 times.
  • the radial external force required by the first radial support structure is required for the second radial support structure when the same radial rate of change or the same amount of radial variation occurs.
  • the radial external force is 1.05 to 10 times or 2 to 5 times.
  • the diameter of the second pipe body is 1.3 to 3 times the diameter of the first pipe body.
  • the diameter of the second tubular body is longer than the diameter of the first tubular body 2 to 30 mm.
  • the other end of the second tubular body is open; or the other end of the second tubular body is sealingly connected to the outer surface of the first tubular body.
  • the maximum diameter of the second tubular body is located within the radial support section, and the second support structure is provided at the maximum diameter.
  • the maximum diameter of the second tubular body is located near the port at the open end of the second tubular body; or at the intermediate portion of the second tubular body.
  • the second radial support structure is a corrugated ring, and in the naturally deployed state, the maximum width m of any waveform of the corrugated ring along the circumference is
  • the circumference D of the second tube at the waveform satisfies m ⁇ D / 8 or m ⁇ D/10 or m1 ⁇ D / 12 or m1 ⁇ D / 13 or m1 ⁇ D / 14.
  • the maximum width m of any waveform of the corrugated ring in the circumferential direction is 1.5 to 5 mm, or 1.5 to 7 mm, or 1.5 to 8 mm.
  • the corrugated ring is formed by winding a wire having a diameter of 0.05 to 0.32 mm, or 0.1 to 0.35 mm, or 0.2 to 0.4 mm;
  • the corrugated ring is formed by cutting a metal tube, and the metal rod forming the corrugated ring has a wire diameter of 0.05 to 0.32 mm, or 0.1 to 0.35 mm, or 0.2 to 0.4 mm.
  • the waveform has a waveform height of 2 to 6 mm, or 3 to 7 mm, or 4 to 8 mm.
  • a lumen stent In a lumen stent according to an embodiment of the invention, at least one turn of the axial spacing between any peak of the corrugated annulus and the closest one of the adjacent ones of the corrugated annulus Less than the waveform height of the ring of the waveform.
  • the second radial support structure is a mesh structure comprising a plurality of meshes, the maximum width m1 of any of the meshes in the circumferential direction in a naturally deployed state
  • the circumference D of the second pipe body at the mesh satisfies m1 ⁇ D / 12 or m1 ⁇ D / 13 or m1 ⁇ D / 14.
  • any of the grid edges is 1.5 to 5 mm, or 1.5 to 7 mm, or 1.5 to 8 mm.
  • the maximum length of any of the grids in the axial direction is 4 to 12 mm, or 6 to 14 mm, or 8 to 16 mm.
  • the first tubular body in the radial support section, further comprises a membrane covering the first radial support structure.
  • At least one end of the first tube body has a plurality of tabs extending along a longitudinal axis parallel to the first tube body, and between adjacent two tabs Both have gaps.
  • the first tubular body comprises four coils arranged in sequence along a longitudinal central axis of the first tubular body, and the four coils are connected by a square connecting ring .
  • the first tube body includes a cylindrical inner coating film, a wave ring and an annular outer coating, and the wave ring is sandwiched between the cylindrical inner coating film and the annular outer coating film. And at least a portion of the peaks and/or troughs of the circle are exposed.
  • the first tube body is provided with a coating film, and a hole penetrating the coating film or the first tube is formed on the coating film near the end portion of the first tube body.
  • the coil of the body near the end of the first tube body is not completely covered by the film.
  • a semi-closed gap may be formed between the first tubular body and the second tubular body, or a semi-closed gap may be formed between the second tubular body and the lumen wall.
  • the blood flowing into the gap can be used as a filling material to block the type I end leak channel, preventing blood from flowing into the tumor or the interlayer.
  • the first tube body and the second tube body both have a radial supporting force and the second tube body has a larger radial deformation capability than the first tube body phase, so the radial compression in the lumen wall after implantation into the lumen It can still be attached to the lumen wall through its radial supporting force; at the same time, under the impact of blood flow, both the first tube body and the second tube body can maintain the radial support shape, avoiding wrinkles, varus, and collapse.
  • the occurrence of the deformation in particular, can ensure that the proximal end face of the lumen stent does not deform, thereby preventing the blood flowing into the lumen from being blocked.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art single lumen stent implanted with a plaque lumen
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the prior art in which two lumen stents are fitted into a lumen;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an example lumen stent according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of another example lumen stent according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4A is a schematic view of the lumen stent of Figure 4.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing a lumen stent according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing a lumen stent according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a radial cross-sectional view of the lumen stent in a naturally deployed state in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a radial cross-sectional view of the lumen stent of Figure 7 after radial compression
  • FIG. 9A is a schematic view of a single lumen stent implanted in a lumen having plaques in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9B is an axial cross-sectional view of a single lumen stent after implantation into a lumen in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 10 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary multi-turn corrugated ring of a second tubular body in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a multi-turn corrugated ring of a second tube body in another embodiment
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a lumen stent in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13A is a schematic view showing a specific structure of the lumen stent of Figure 12;
  • Figure 13B is an axial cross-sectional view of the lumen stent of Figure 13A after implantation into the lumen;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of a lumen stent in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view showing an exemplary structure of a lumen stent according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing another example structure of a lumen stent according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic view showing the cut mesh structure of the second pipe body of Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 17;
  • Figure 19 is a schematic illustration of a lumen support system in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a proximal radial cross-sectional view of the lumen support system of Figure 19;
  • 21 is a schematic view showing another example structure of a lumen stent system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic view of a lumen stent system in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a radial cross-sectional view of the lumen stent system of Figure 22 in the vicinity of the renal artery;
  • Figure 24 is a radial cross-sectional view of the luminal artery after implantation of the lumen stent system of Figure 22.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view of a lumen stent provided by a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a schematic view of a lumen stent provided by an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic view of the first pipe body of Figure 26;
  • Figure 28 is an enlarged view of a portion P in Figure 27;
  • Figure 29 is a view showing a state in which the first pipe body of Figure 26 is bent
  • Figure 30 is a schematic view of a lumen stent provided by a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a schematic view of a lumen stent provided by a tenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the 32nd is a schematic view of a plurality of coil sets of the first lumen of the lumen stent of FIG. 31 that are not covered with the annular outer membrane.
  • a lumen support 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a first tubular body 21 and a second tubular body 22, and the second tubular body 22 is sleeved outside the first tubular body 21 and covers the first tubular body. At least a portion of the second tubular body 22 is sealingly coupled to the outer peripheral surface of the first tubular body 21.
  • the first tubular body 21 has a radial expansion capability, can be compressed under an external force, and can be self-expanded after the external force is withdrawn or restored to the original shape by mechanical expansion (for example, balloon expansion expansion) and maintain the original shape.
  • mechanical expansion for example, balloon expansion expansion
  • the first tubular body 21 includes a first radial support structure 211 disposed on the entire tubular body.
  • the first radial support structure 211 can be prepared, for example, using a memory alloy material (e.g., nickel titanium alloy) to have self-expansion capability.
  • the first radial support structure 211 may be a multi-turn corrugated ring arranged in the axial direction, or may be a mesh structure formed by braiding a metal wire, or may be a cut mesh structure formed by cutting a metal tube. A person skilled in the art can select a suitable first radial support structure 211 as needed, and details are not described herein again.
  • the first tube body 21 further includes a first coating film 212 in a region not covered by the second tube body 22, and the first coating film 212 may be a PET film or a PTFE film, which may be sutured or hot melted.
  • the first radial support structure 211 is covered.
  • the second tubular body 22 has a radial expansion capability, that is, it can be compressed under an external force and self-expanded after the external force is withdrawn or restored to the original shape by mechanical expansion (for example, balloon expansion and expansion), thereby maintaining the original shape. After entering the lumen, the lumen wall can be attached by its radial support force.
  • the second tubular body 22 includes a second radial support structure 221 disposed on at least a portion of the tubular body.
  • the second radial support structure 221 can be prepared, for example, by a memory alloy material (such as a nickel titanium alloy) to have self-expansion capability. .
  • the second radial support structure 221 may be a multi-turn corrugated ring arranged in the axial direction, or may be a mesh structure formed by braiding a metal wire, or may be a cut mesh structure formed by cutting a metal tube.
  • a person skilled in the art can select a suitable second radial support structure 221 as needed, and details are not described herein again.
  • the entire tubular body of the second tubular body 22 further includes a second coating 222, which may be a PET film or a PTFE membrane, and the second radial support structure 221 may be covered by stitching or hot melt.
  • One end of the second tubular body 22 and the first tubular body 21 can be thermally sealed by the second coating 222 and the first coating membrane 212, or can be achieved by sewing the second coating membrane 222 onto the first coating membrane 212. Sealed connection.
  • a person skilled in the art can select a suitable sealing method according to needs, and details are not described herein again.
  • the lumen support 2 has at least one radial support section in which the first tubular body 21 comprises at least one first radial support structure 211 arranged along its circumference, the second tubular body 22 comprising at least A second radial support structure 221 arranged along its circumference and a second cover 222 covering the second radial support structure 221.
  • the maximum diameter of the second tubular body 22 may be located within the radial support section, and the second radial support structure 221 is provided at the maximum diameter.
  • the maximum diameter of the second tubular body 22 may be located at the port at the open end of the second tubular body 22 or may be located at the intermediate portion of the second tubular body 22.
  • the lumen support 2 includes a radial support section L that is located adjacent the open end of the second tubular body 22 away from the sealed connection.
  • the second tubular body 22 covers the first tubular body 21, and the second tubular body 22 has a second radial support structure 221.
  • the lumen support 2 includes a radial support section L1 that is the entire second tubular body 22.
  • the second tubular body 22 covers the first tubular body 21, and the second tubular body 22 has the second radial support structure 221.
  • the radial deformation capability of the second radial support structure 221 is greater than the radial deformation capability of the first radial support structure 211, that is, at the same diameter.
  • the radial length of the first radial support structure 211 in the radial support section is less than the second radial support structure at the same position.
  • the rate is smaller than the diameter change rate of the second radial support structure 221 at the same position, and the rate of change is the ratio of the path length change to the original path length.
  • the radial support section eg, the radial support section L or L1
  • the radial external force required by the first radial support structure 211 is greater than the second when the same radial rate of change or the same amount of radial variation occurs.
  • the radial external force required for the radial support structure 221 is large. The greater the required radial force, the weaker the radial deformation capability and the stronger the radial support performance, and vice versa.
  • a flat plate extrusion method may be employed in which two mutually parallel flat plates 18 are used to hold the tubular bodies 21 and 22 in the tangential direction of the circumference of the radial support section in the radial support section, which is always maintained during the test.
  • the two plates are parallel, and the same radial force F is applied to the plate 18 to test the change in the diameter length ⁇ R or the path length of the first radial support structure 211 and the second radial support structure 221 in the radial support section.
  • the rate ⁇ R/R, the direction of the radial force F is parallel to a diameter of the tubes 21 and 22 at the extrusion.
  • the above-described plate extrusion method may be sampled to compress the first radial support structure 211 in the radial support section or the second radial support structure 221 in the radial support section from the original size R (Fig. 5) to R/.
  • the radial force F1 required to be applied at 2 (Fig. 6) is used to evaluate the radial support force or the radial support performance, and the evaluation result is equivalent to the evaluation result by the change in the path length or the change in the path length. .
  • the force value of the radial force F1 to be applied if the pipe body is compressed from the original size R to R/2 is smaller. , which indicates that the radial radial deformation ability of the pipe body is stronger, and the radial support performance is worse, and vice versa.
  • the above-described plate extrusion method is only an exemplary test method, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can perform tests equivalent to the plate extrusion method by any suitable method, for example, in the tube.
  • the radial force is uniformly applied to the circumferential direction of the cavity for testing. Specifically, a radial support force tester of the Model RX550-100 of the Machine Solution Inc (MSI) company can be used.
  • the radial length variation of the second radial support structure 221 in the radial support section is the first radial support structure 211 of the radial support section under the same radial force.
  • the diameter change amount is 1.05 to 10 times, and further may be 2 to 5 times.
  • the radial length change rate of the second radial support structure 221 in the radial support section is 1.05 of the diameter change rate of the first radial support structure 211 in the radial support section, under the same radial force.
  • the ratio is ⁇ 10 times, and further may be 2 times to 5 times.
  • the radial force required to compress the first radial support structure 211 from the original dimension R to R/2 is when the second radial support structure 221 is compressed from the original dimension R to R/2.
  • the radial force to be applied is 1.05 to 10 times, and further may be 2 to 5 times.
  • the radial deformation capability of the second radial support structure 221 is too large, the radial support performance is too weak, which will result in the second radial support structure not being fully radial during the release process.
  • the phenomenon of wrinkling or collapse occurs, so that the radial deformation ability of the second radial support structure 221 generally does not exceed 10 times the radial deformation ability of the first radial support structure 211.
  • the formation of the internal leakage may still occur after the second tubular body 22 is implanted.
  • the radial deformation capability of the second radial support structure 221 is generally greater than 1.05 times the radial deformation capability of the first radial support structure 211.
  • the radial deformation capability of the second radial support structure 221 is 2 to 5 times the radial deformation capability of the first radial support structure 211, for example, 3 times, 4 times, and the like.
  • the radial deformation capability described herein is when the tubular body is subjected to an external radial force, for example, when the first tubular body 21 or the second tubular body 22 is implanted and radially compressed by the lumen, the tubular body Radial reaction force generated by this external radial force. If the radial reaction force generated by the pipe body is greater under the same external radial force, it indicates that the pipe body has weak radial deformation ability and has a large radial support force or a preferred diameter. To support performance and vice versa.
  • the radial reaction force generated by the first radial support structure 211 is larger, and the second diameter is The radial reaction force generated to the support structure 221 is small, so the first radial support structure 211 has a greater radial support force or better radial support performance than the second tube body 22, and is weaker. Radial deformation ability.
  • the pipe body itself does not have the aforementioned radial expansion capability, for example, a pipe body having only a film without a radial support structure is compressed when subjected to an external radial force, but cannot be restored after the external force is removed.
  • Initial shape and remain in the initial shape In the shape, the radial reaction force generated by the pipe body on the external radial force is substantially negligible, and the pipe body of the structure is meaningless compared to the radial support force or the radial support performance.
  • the second radial support structure 221 is disposed circumferentially. Further, the second radial support structure 221 is continuously disposed in the circumferential direction, and occurs when the second radial support structure 221 is subjected to radial force somewhere after implantation. During deformation, the second radial support structure 221 can transmit the deformation or force in the circumferential direction, thereby realizing the second tube conforming to the shape of the lumen wall and closely contacting the lumen wall, and the second radial support structure The 221 can actively fill a small gap around it to avoid a blood flow leak path between the second tube and the lumen wall.
  • the lumen stent 2 after the lumen stent 2 is implanted into the body lumen, in the radial support section thereof, the lumen stent 2 includes a first tubular body 21 and a second tube covering the first tubular body 21.
  • the first tube body 21 has a weak radial deformation capability, and can be closely attached to the lumen wall to fix the entire lumen bracket in the lumen to avoid displacement or detachment from the lumen; and the second tube body 22 has a radial support force due to the second radial support structure 221, and can radially expand to cover the lumen wall, and is not formed by the insufficient radial support force between the lumen wall and the second tubular body 22. gap.
  • the second tubular body 22 is superior to the radial deformation capability of the first tubular body 21, when the first tubular body 21 is simultaneously implanted at the same lumen position, the second tubular body 22 is easy.
  • the shape of the inner wall of the lumen is deformed to avoid forming a gap between the second tubular body 22 and the inner wall of the lumen, and cutting the passage or opening forming the type I inner leak.
  • the first tubular body 21 i.e., the first radial support structure
  • the second tubular body 22 i.e., the second
  • the radial support structure can be expanded radially.
  • the first tubular body 21 will maintain a radial topography under radial compression of the vessel wall under external radial forces or external radial compression, such as a portion of the vessel to be treated.
  • the lumen support 2 can be prevented from being displaced or detached; the second tubular body 22 will conform to the deformation under the radial compression of the blood vessel while maintaining radial expansion and deployment without radial collapse, collapse, and inversion. And other deformations.
  • the lumen stent 2 has a proximal end 23 and a distal end 24, where blood flow from the proximal end 23 to the distal end 24 is defined herein after implantation.
  • the second tubular body 22 is located near the proximal end 23 of the first tubular body 21, and the second tubular body 22 is adjacent to the orifice of the distal end 24 and the first tubular body 22
  • the outer peripheral surface of a tubular body 21 is sealingly joined to form a closed nozzle, and the second tubular body 22 is open adjacent the orifice of the proximal end 23.
  • the first tubular body 21 remains radially under the radial force or radial compression generated by the lumen.
  • the appearance is basically unchanged, does not shift or fall off, and keeps the blood flow channel unobstructed; the second tube 22 can conform to the deformation at the plaque 13, while still ensuring the inner wall and the plaque of the lumen by its radial expansion ability
  • the surface so as to fill the gap formed between the first tube body 21 and the inner wall of the lumen, does not form a gap between the second tube body 22 and the inner wall of the lumen and the surface of the plaque, cutting off the formation of the type I endoleak. Channel or opening to prevent blood from flowing into the tumor or interlayer 18.
  • the end of the second tubular body 22 near the proximal end 23 is an open nozzle.
  • the second tubular body 22 is deformed corresponding to the inner wall of the lumen 12 and formed between the second tubular body 22 and the first tubular body 21.
  • the gap 20 when blood flows from the proximal end 23 into the lumen support 2, the blood flows into the gap 20 at the same time, and the blood flowing into the gap 20 can be sealed and filled because the second tube 22 is closed near the nozzle of the distal end 24.
  • the effect, and this part of the blood will be directly thrombused in the gap 20, so that the seal filling effect is better.
  • the first tubular body 21 within the radial support section may include only the first radial support structure 211 without including the first coating 212. It can be understood that, compared with the structure shown in FIG. 3, the first tubular body 21 can still fix the entire lumen stent 2 and the lumen through its large radial supporting force, and the second tubular body 22 can still pass.
  • the smaller radial supporting force conforms to the deformation of the inner wall of the lumen and adheres to the interior of the lumen, avoiding the formation of a gap between the second tubular body 22 and the inner wall of the lumen as much as possible.
  • the diameter of the second tubular body 22 is the first tubular body 21
  • the path length is 1.3 to 3 times, whereby a gap space is formed between the first pipe body 21 and the second pipe body 22 here.
  • the diameter of the first tubular body 21 and the diameter of the second tubular body 22 The length may be the diameter of the respective radial support structure when it is naturally deployed in the radial direction.
  • the diameter of the second tubular body 22 here is the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 therein.
  • the diameter of the second tubular body 22 is 2 to 30 mm larger than the diameter of the first tubular body 21, thereby being here.
  • a gap space is formed between the first tube body 21 and the second tube body 22.
  • the corresponding lumen stent is generally used for the aortic position, including the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the descending thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
  • the diameter of the second tubular body 22 is 2-20 mm larger than the diameter of the first tubular body; when the diameter of the first tubular body 21 is 4-20 mm, the corresponding lumen stent is generally used for branching blood vessels, such as a bow. Partial branch, renal artery, iliac artery, etc., at this time, the diameter of the second tube 22 at the same position is 3 to 30 mm larger than the maximum diameter of the first tube 21.
  • the diameter of the first tubular body 21 and the radial length of the second tubular body 22 may each be a path length formed by the respective radial support structure when radially expanded.
  • the second tube body Since the second tube body has a radial expansion capability, it can be compressed under an external force and self-expanded after the external force is withdrawn or restored to the original shape by mechanical expansion (for example, balloon expansion and expansion), thereby maintaining the initial shape.
  • the length difference or the length to length ratio between the tube body and the second tube body can be taken in a larger range. If the diameter difference or the path length between the first pipe body and the second pipe body is required to be relatively small, for example, the path length difference is as small as 2 mm or 3 mm or 4 mm, the first pipe body and the second pipe body both have a diameter.
  • the expansion ability is not attached to each other, and still has a gap space, and can keep the gap space unobstructed; if the diameter difference or the path length between the first tube body and the second tube body is required to be relatively large, for example, the path length If the difference is greater than 10 mm, the second tube can still effectively adhere to the lumen wall without turning over under the impact of blood flow. Therefore, the lumen stent according to the embodiment of the present invention has a wide application range and high stability of sealing leakage.
  • the path length change rate is the same or similar.
  • the stent is generally used for the aortic position, including the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the descending thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta as well as the branch vessels.
  • the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 1.3 times to 1.8 times the diameter of the first radial support structure 211, the diameter change of the second radial support structure 221 is slightly larger than the radial support section.
  • the amount of change in the diameter of the first radial support structure 211 for example, the change in the length of the second radial support structure 221 is at least the first radial support structure in the radial support section
  • the diameter change of 211 is 1.05 times. If the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 1.8 times to 2 times the diameter of the first radial support structure 211, the diameter change of the second radial support structure 221 is at least the first of the radial support segments. The diameter of the radial support structure 211 is changed by 1.1 times.
  • the diameter change of the second radial support structure 221 is at least the first of the radial support segments.
  • the diameter of the radial support structure 211 is changed by 1.2 times.
  • the stent When the diameter of the first radial support structure 211 is in the range of 10 to 18 mm, the stent is generally used for the aortic arch branch, the radial artery position, and the like. At this time, if the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 1.3 times to 1.8 times the diameter of the first radial support structure 211, the diameter change of the second radial support structure 221 is slightly larger than the radial support section.
  • the amount of change in the radial length of the first radial support structure 211 for example, the change in the radial length of the second radial support structure 221 is at least 1.1 times the amount of change in the radial length of the first radial support structure 211 in the radial support section.
  • the diameter change of the second radial support structure 221 is at least the first of the radial support segments.
  • the diameter of the radial support structure 211 is changed by 1.2 times. If the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the first radial support structure 211, the diameter change of the second radial support structure 221 is at least the first of the radial support segments.
  • the radial support structure 211 has a diameter change of 1.25 times.
  • the stent When the diameter of the first radial support structure 211 is less than 10 mm, the stent is generally used for a renal artery, a femoral artery or a carotid artery or the like.
  • the diameter change of the second radial support structure 221 is slightly larger than the radial support section.
  • the change in the diameter of the first radial support structure 211 for example, the change in the radial length of the second radial support structure 221 is at least 1.2 times the change in the radial length of the first radial support structure 211 in the radial support section. .
  • the diameter change of the second radial support structure 221 is at least the first of the radial support segments.
  • the radial support structure 211 has a diameter change of 1.25 times. If the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 2 to 3 times the diameter of the first radial support structure 211, the diameter change of the second radial support structure 221 is at least the first of the radial support segments.
  • the radial support structure 211 has a diameter change of 1.35 times.
  • the second radial support structure 221 includes at least one turn of the wave ring 2221, and the four-turn wave ring 2221 is shown, but It is used as an example only and is not a limitation of the invention, and those skilled in the art can select a suitable number of corrugated rings 2221 as needed.
  • the corrugated ring 2221 can be wound by a wire, for example, a memory alloy (including a nickel-titanium alloy) can be wound into a predetermined waveform, and a metal having a wire diameter (ie, a diameter) of 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm can be selected.
  • the waveform may be a Z-shaped wave, a U-shaped wave or a sine wave or the like.
  • the corrugated ring may be formed by cutting a metal tube, and the metal rod forming the corrugated ring may have a wire diameter of 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm. Shown in the figure is a schematic view of the second radial support structure 221 being deployed in the axial direction, so that the axial deployment width D here is the circumference of the second tubular body 22 at the second radial support structure 221.
  • the smaller the equivalent wire diameter of the radial support structure the greater the radial deformation capability of the radial support structure.
  • the second radial support structure has The large diameter is such that the equivalent wire diameter is smaller than the equivalent wire diameter of the first radial support structure, so that the radial deformation capability of the second radial support structure is greater than the radial deformation capability of the first radial support structure.
  • the diameter of the wire forming the waveform is between 0.05 mm and 0.32 mm; when the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 20-50 mm, The wire diameter of the wound waveform is between 0.1 mm and 0.35 mm; when the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 50 to 80 mm, the wire diameter of the wound waveform is between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm.
  • the wire in the above wire diameter range has high bending flexibility, and the corrugated ring formed by the winding has good radial deformation ability.
  • Any one of the waveform loops 2221 includes a plurality of waveforms, and adjacent waveforms are connected to each other.
  • Any of the waveforms includes two interconnected supports that are adjacent to each other at an angle that has a maximum width m in the circumferential direction and a second tube corresponding to the corrugated ring in which the waveform is located 22 perimeter D m ⁇ D / 12 is satisfied, and m is in the range of 1.5 to 8 mm.
  • m may be the largest relative circumferential spacing between adjacent two supports.
  • the maximum circumferential spacing between two adjacent supports satisfies m ⁇ D / 12, For example, it may also be m ⁇ D / 8 or m ⁇ D/10 or m ⁇ D / 13 or m ⁇ D / 14.
  • the maximum circumferential spacing (ie, the maximum width of the waveform in the circumferential direction), although not providing sufficient radial support to be fixed in the lumen, is sufficient for the radial support structure to conform to the lumen wall and due to the maximum circumferential direction
  • the smaller spacing allows the radial support structure to be embedded in the fine gaps to cover the inner walls of the lumens of various topographies and to avoid the formation of internal leaks.
  • the radial support force required to secure the lumen stent in the lumen may be provided by a first radial support structure in the first tubular body.
  • the waveform height of the waveform ring may be set to be between 2 and 8 mm.
  • the waveform height is between 2 mm and 6 mm; when the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 20-50 mm, the corrugated wire is wound.
  • the diameter is between 3 mm and 7 mm; when the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 50 to 80 mm, the diameter of the wound waveform is between 4 mm and 8 mm.
  • the smaller the waveform height the stronger the ability to deform in conformity with the shape of the inner wall of the lumen.
  • At least one waveform of the corrugated ring 2221 has an inner rounded corner 2222, and the maximum width n of the inner rounded corner 2222 in the circumferential direction satisfies n ⁇ 1.5 mm.
  • the second radial support structure 221 may include a plurality of turns of the corrugated ring 2221 arranged in the axial direction.
  • the arrangement of the multi-turn corrugated rings 2221 may be various. For example, see FIG. 10, the second radial direction.
  • the support structure 221 includes at least two adjacent corrugated loops 2221, which are spaced apart from each other and have no area overlap, that is, any peak of one loop of the corrugated ring and any adjacent loop of the corrugated ring There is an axial spacing between the valleys, wherein the smallest axial spacing can be less than 3 mm.
  • a connecting rod 2223 may be provided to connect the plurality of corrugated rings 2221.
  • the second radial support structure 221 includes at least two adjacent waveform rings 2221, wherein the waveform of one ring of the waveform is embedded in the waveform of the adjacent other ring of the waveform. , that is, the axial distance between any peak of one circle of the waveform ring and the closest one of the adjacent ring of the other ring is smaller than the circle wave The height of the waveform of the ring.
  • the wave ring 2221 in the figure is embedded in another wavy ring adjacent in the axial direction, and the embedded depth H1 satisfies H1 ⁇ H/3, where H is the embedded wave ring 2221's own wave height (ie the axial spacing between the crest and the trough).
  • the difference from the lumen stent of the first embodiment is that the second tubular body 22 of the lumen stent 2 according to the second embodiment is sealed from the outer peripheral surface of the first tubular body 21 near the proximal end 23. Connected to form a closed nozzle, the second tubular body 22 being open adjacent the orifice of the distal end 24.
  • the second tube 22 described above is located near the proximal end 23 of the first tube body 21, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the illustrations are only used as examples and are not limiting of the invention, and those skilled in the art can In the teachings of the present invention, the second tubular body 22 is disposed adjacent the distal end 24 of the first tubular body 21.
  • the second tubular body 22 may further include a straight tubular section 221a, a tapered tubular section 222a, and a connecting section 223a.
  • the connecting section 223a is sealingly coupled to the first tubular body 21, and the tapered tubular section 222a connects the connecting section 223a with
  • the straight pipe section 221a has the largest diameter of the second pipe body located in the straight pipe section 221a, so that at least the straight pipe section 221a is provided with a second radial support structure (not shown).
  • the second tube 22 is deformed corresponding to the inner wall of the lumen 12.
  • the connecting section 223a and the tapered section 222a may form a gap 20 with the inner wall of the lumen 12 due to the relatively small diameter.
  • the diameter of the straight section 221a is relatively large.
  • the inner wall of the lumen 12 can be completely covered by the second radial support structure. If the shape of the lumen 12 implanted in the straight section 221a is not smooth, the straight section 221a can be deformed according to the shape, but the straight section 221a Other parts can still cover the inner wall of the lumen 12 by virtue of its radial expansion properties.
  • the blood When blood flows into the lumen support 2, the blood simultaneously flows into the gap 20 where the connecting section 223a and the tapered section 222a and the inner wall of the lumen 12 may form, or may also flow into the gap formed by the straight section 221a and the inner wall of the lumen 12 (in the figure)
  • the portion of the straight tube segment 221a that is attached to the inside of the lumen 12 depends on its radial supporting force to hinder the further inflow of blood, and the blood retained in the respective gaps is thrombized to form a seal, thereby cutting off.
  • a channel or opening that forms a type I endoleak prevents blood from flowing into the tumor or interlayer 18.
  • both nozzles of the second tubular body 22 of the lumen stent 2 according to the third embodiment are sealedly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the first tubular body 21. Both form two closed nozzles.
  • the second implementation Similarly, it is also possible to cut the channel or opening forming the type I endoleak after implantation. In this sealing process, it is also not necessary to add other sealing or filling materials in or after the lumen 12 of the lumen 12, and only the blood flowing in the normal blood circulation can be sealed without additional sealing or filling. The biological risks brought by the materials.
  • the lumen stent of the fourth embodiment is substantially identical to the lumen stent of the first embodiment, except that the second radial support structure comprises a mesh structure, such as a woven mesh structure or a cut mesh structure.
  • the radial support structure of the second tubular body 22 includes a woven mesh structure; see Figure 16, the radial support structure of the second tubular body 22 includes a cut mesh structure.
  • the second radial support structure 221 includes a cut mesh structure having a plurality of meshes 2224.
  • the mesh structure may be formed by cutting a metal mesh tube, for example, may be integrally formed by laser cutting of a memory alloy (including a nickel-titanium alloy) mesh tube.
  • the thickness of the metal mesh tube may be 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm, and the mesh is formed to form the above-mentioned mesh 2224 during cutting.
  • the connecting rod 2225 may have a diameter of 0.05 mm to 0.4 mm.
  • the diameter of the connecting rod 2225 is between 0.05 mm and 0.32 mm; when the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 20-50 mm, The connecting rod 2225 has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.35 mm; when the second radial supporting structure 221 has a diameter of 50 to 80 mm, the connecting rod 2225 has a diameter of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.
  • the wire in the above wire diameter range has high bending flexibility, and the corrugated ring formed by the winding has good radial deformation ability.
  • the maximum width m1 of any of the meshes 2224 formed by the cutting and the circumference D of the second tubular body 22 at the mesh 2224 satisfy m1 ⁇ D/12. Specifically, when the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 4 to 20 mm, m1 ⁇ D/12 is satisfied, and m1 is in the range of 1.5 to 5 mm. When the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 20 to 50 mm, m1 ⁇ D/13 is satisfied, and m1 is in the range of 1.5 to 7 mm. When the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 50 to 80 mm, m1 ⁇ D/14 is satisfied, and m1 is in the range of 1.5 to 8 mm. The smaller the m1, the better the effect of caulking.
  • the maximum length of the mesh in the axial direction may be set to be 4-16 mm. Specifically, when the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 4-20 mm, the maximum length of the mesh in the axial direction is 4-12 mm. When the second radial support knot When the diameter of the structure 221 is 20 to 50 mm, the maximum length of the mesh in the axial direction is 6 to 14 mm. When the diameter of the second radial support structure 221 is 50-80 mm, the maximum length of the mesh in the axial direction is between 8 and 16 mm.
  • At least one mesh 2224 of the mesh structure has a fillet 2222, and the maximum width n1 of the fillet 2222 in the circumferential direction satisfies n1 ⁇ 1.5 mm.
  • a fifth embodiment provides a lumen stent system comprising at least one lumen stent 2 according to any of the first to fourth embodiments described above, wherein a plurality of lumen stents 2 may be
  • the mating implants into the lumen may also be one or more of the lumen stents 2 being implanted into the lumen in cooperation with other existing lumen stents that do not have a second radial support structure.
  • the lumen stents 2 according to the embodiments of the present invention are collectively referred to as a first lumen stent 2, and other conventional lumen stents not having a second radial support structure may be collectively referred to as a second lumen stent 3.
  • the number of first lumen supports 2 is at least one, that is, one or two, or even more.
  • a conventional second lumen stent 3 can be used in conjunction with a first lumen stent 2 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention for use in chimney technology, or periscope technology, or sandwich technology.
  • a conventional second lumen stent 3 can be used in conjunction with two first lumen stents 2 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention for application in the abdominal aorta, wherein the second lumen stent 3 is implanted in the abdominal aorta.
  • the two first lumen stents 2 are implanted in the renal artery, respectively.
  • the above is only an example and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable number and type of lumen stents to form a lumen stent system according to the specific implanted lumen condition, according to the teachings of the present invention. Implanted to ensure smooth blood flow.
  • the aortic arch 191 typically has three branch vessels, for example, where chimney techniques can be used to reconstruct the blood flow channel.
  • the arrows in the figure are the direction of blood flow, which has been defined above from the proximal end to the distal end. After implantation, please refer to FIG.
  • the proximal end of the first lumen stent 2 and the proximal opening of the second lumen stent 3 are aligned and arranged side by side in the blood vessel of the aortic arch 191, wherein the first lumen stent 2
  • the second lumen stent 3 may be provided with a first lumen stent 2, or may be selected to have no second A lumen support for the radial support structure.
  • the second lumen stent 3 is a conventional stent graft, for example, Straight tube type stent graft.
  • the distal end of the first lumen stent 2 extends into a branch vessel, such as the left subclavian artery 192, and blood can flow from the aortic arch 191 blood vessel into the branch vessel via the first lumen stent 2, thereby reconstructing the branch vessel passage.
  • a branch vessel such as the left subclavian artery 192
  • the first lumen support 2 is shown in FIG. 20 to include a first tubular body 21 and a second tubular body 22, wherein the second tubular body 22 covers a portion of the proximal end region of the first tubular body 21, but does not cover the first
  • the proximal end face of a tubular body 21 the specific structure of the first lumen support 2 is shown in FIG.
  • the proximal end of the first lumen support 2 is disposed side by side with the proximal end of the second lumen support 3, and the proximal end surface of the second tubular body 22 is substantially flush with the proximal end surface of the second lumen support 3, the first tube
  • the body 21 extends relatively proximally toward the proximal end.
  • the proximal region of the first lumen stent 2 and the second lumen stent 3 are radially squeezed against each other within the aortic arch 191 blood vessel.
  • the second lumen support 3 as the main body bracket is deformed under the compression of the first lumen support 2 as a branch support; to ensure smooth blood flow of the branch blood vessels, the first lumen support 2
  • a tubular body 21 has a large radial supporting force, which can avoid the loss of the lumen during the pressing process, and the second tubular body 22 can simultaneously conform to the shape of the lumen wall and the second due to the small radial supporting force.
  • the topography of the lumen support 3 is deformed such that a gap 20 is formed between the first tubular body 21 and the second tubular body 22.
  • the gap 20 fills the I-type inner leakage channel between the main body bracket and the branch bracket in the prior art, because one end of the gap 20 is open and the other end is closed, so the blood flow flowing into the gap 20 can be blocked as a sealing filling material.
  • the type I internal leak channel prevents blood from entering the tumor or the mezzanine, and ensures that the second tube 22 is unobstructed, and the blood flow can smoothly flow into the branch vessel.
  • the vascular channel can be reconstructed by using a periscope technique, and the distal end of the second lumen stent 3 as the main stent can be arranged side by side with the proximal end of the first lumen stent 2 as a branch stent.
  • the middle arrow shows the direction of blood flow, where for a single lumen stent, blood flows from the proximal end to the distal end of the lumen stent.
  • the first lumen support 2 includes a first tubular body 21 and a second tubular body 22 that covers a portion of the proximal end region of the first tubular body 21 but does not cover the proximal end of the first tubular body 21 End face.
  • the proximal end of the first lumen stent 2 is disposed side by side with the distal end of the second lumen stent 3, and the proximal end surface of the second tubular body 22 is substantially flush with the distal end surface of the second lumen stent 3, the first tube Body 21 is extended relative to the second tubular body 22.
  • a half can be formed between the distal end of the second lumen stent 3, the first tubular body 21, the second tubular body 22, and the lumen wall.
  • blood flow can be reversed from the distal end of the second lumen stent 3 into the proximal end of the first lumen stent 2, as indicated by arrow A, in which case the impact of blood flow on the semi-closed gap is greater. Small, further blocking the formation of type I endoleaks.
  • a lumen stent according to an embodiment of the present invention can also be used in the abdominal aorta 193. If a stent is implanted in the abdominal aorta 193, depending on the morphology of the tumor or the interlayer 18, the renal artery and/or the renal artery should be considered. Two branches of the radial artery. The arrows in the figure are the direction of blood flow, as defined above, for a single lumen stent, blood flow from the proximal end to the distal end.
  • a plurality of first lumen stents 42, 43 and a second lumen stent 41 can be implanted; wherein the first lumen stents 42, 43 have a first tubular body and a second tubular body in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • the lumen stent, the second lumen stent 41 can be selected from the same or different lumen stents as the first lumen stents 42, 43.
  • the second lumen stent 41 is a conventional stent graft.
  • a straight tube type stent graft For example, a straight tube type stent graft.
  • two first lumen stents 42, 43 and a second lumen stent 41 are implanted, the proximal and second proximal ends of the two first lumen stents 42, 43
  • the proximal opening of the lumen stent 41 faces uniformly and is juxtaposed in the abdominal aorta vessel 193.
  • the distal ends of the two first lumen stents 42, 43 respectively extend into a branch vessel, ie, the right renal artery 194 or the left kidney.
  • Arterial 195 blood can flow from the abdominal aorta vessel 194 to the branch vessel via the first lumen stent 42, 43.
  • the first lumen support 42 includes a first tubular body 421 and a second tubular body 422 that covers a portion of the proximal end region of the first tubular body 421 but does not cover the proximal end of the first tubular body 421 End face.
  • the proximal end of the first lumen support 42 is disposed side by side with the proximal end of the second lumen support 41, and the proximal end surface of the second tubular body 422 is substantially flush with the proximal end surface of the second lumen support 41, the first tube
  • the body 421 extends relatively proximally toward the proximal end.
  • the first lumen support 43 includes a first tubular body 431 and a second tubular body 432 that covers a portion of the proximal end region of the first tubular body 431 but does not cover the proximal end of the first tubular body 431 End face.
  • the proximal end of the first lumen support 43 is disposed side by side with the proximal end of the second lumen support 41,
  • the proximal end face of the second tubular body 43 can be substantially flush with the proximal end face of the second lumen support 41, and the first tubular body 431 extends relatively proximally toward the proximal end.
  • the proximal region of the first lumen stent 42 and the second lumen stent 41 are in the abdominal aorta vessel 193.
  • Radial squeezing in which the second lumen support 41 as the main body support is deformed under the compression of the first lumen support 42 as a branch support; to ensure smooth blood flow of the branch blood vessels,
  • the first tube body 421 of the first lumen bracket 42 has a large radial supporting force, which can avoid the lumen loss during the pressing process, and the second tube body 422 can conform to the lumen due to the small radial supporting force.
  • the wall topography and the topography of the second lumen support 41 are deformed such that a gap 420 is formed between the first tubular body 421 and the second tubular body 422.
  • the gap 420 fills the I-type inner leakage channel between the main body bracket and the branch bracket in the prior art, and since one end of the gap 420 is open and the other end is closed, the blood flow flowing into the gap 420 can be sealed as a sealing material.
  • the type I end leak channel is blocked, and at the same time, the second tube body 422 is ensured to be smooth, and the blood flow can smoothly flow into the branch blood vessel.
  • a vortex is formed under the action of pressure to change the direction of blood flow, which is favorable for blood to flow into the first tube 421, promotes patency of blood flow in the branch vessel, and ensures branching.
  • the flow rate of blood flow to the blood vessels may be formed between the first tube body 431 of the first lumen bracket 43 and the second tube body 432. The gap 430 fills the type I internal leakage between the main body bracket and the branch bracket in the prior art. aisle.
  • the two first lumen stents 44, 45 are mated, and the proximal openings of the two first lumen stents 44, 45 are oriented uniformly and side by side in the abdominal aorta.
  • the distal ends of the two first lumen stents 44, 45 respectively extend into a branch vessel, that is, the right iliac artery 196 or the left iliac artery 197, and blood can pass from the abdominal aorta vessel 193 via the first lumen stent 44. , 45 flows into the branch vessels 196, 197.
  • the first lumen support 44 includes a first tubular body 441 and a second tubular body 442 that covers a portion of the proximal end region of the first tubular body 441 but does not cover the proximal end of the first tubular body 441
  • the first lumen support 45 includes a first tubular body 451 and a second tubular body 452.
  • the second tubular body 452 covers a portion of the proximal end region of the first tubular body 451 but does not cover the proximal end surface of the first tubular body 451. .
  • the proximal ends of the two first lumen supports 44, 45 are arranged side by side, and the proximal end faces are substantially flush, for example, the proximal end faces of the two first tubular bodies 441, 451 are substantially flush and/or the vicinity of the two second tubular bodies 442, 452 End face is basically flush level.
  • the two first lumen stents 44, 45 are radially compressed against each other within the abdominal aorta vessel 193.
  • the two first tubular bodies 441, 451 are not significantly deformed due to the relatively large radial supporting force, and the two second tubular bodies 442, 452 have a small radial supporting force, which can conform to the shape of the lumen wall, And conforming to the topography of the first tubular body to form a gap, such as gaps 440 and 450, between the respective first tubular body and the second tubular body.
  • One end of the gap is open and the other end is closed, so the blood flow flowing into the gap can be used as a sealing filling material to block the type I end leak channel, preventing blood from flowing into the tumor or the interlayer, and ensuring that the blood flow can smoothly flow into the two first Tube body.
  • a lumen stent 2 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention is substantially similar to the lumen stent 2 of the first embodiment of the present invention, comprising a first tubular body 21 and a second tubular body 22, a second tubular body 22 sets are disposed outside the first tube body 21 and cover at least a portion of the first tube body 21, and one end of the second tube body 22 is sealingly connected with the outer peripheral surface of the first tube body 21; the lumen bracket 2 of the embodiment is The lumen stent 2 of the first embodiment differs only in that each end of the first tubular body 21 of the seventh embodiment has a plurality of tabs 27 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first tubular body 21, And there are gaps 28 between the two adjacent tabs 27.
  • the tab 27 can be formed by, for example, removing a film between two adjacent crests of the coil closest to the end of the first pipe body 21 of the first pipe body 21 in the first embodiment.
  • the coil in the present invention means an annular wave surrounding the longitudinal central axis of the first tubular body 21.
  • the lumen stent 2 of the present embodiment When the lumen stent 2 of the present embodiment is implanted into the human body by the method shown in FIG. 19, FIG. 21 or FIG. 22, even if the side wall of the blood flow inlet end of the first tubular body 21 in the present embodiment is in the blood vessel due to the main body The stent and the blood vessel wall are squeezed to converge into the lumen, and the blood flow can also flow into the first tubular body through the gap 28 between the two tabs 211 of the blood flow inlet end of the first tubular body 21 in this embodiment.
  • the inside of the 21, thereby avoiding the risk that the blood flow cannot enter the corresponding branch blood vessel from the blood inlet end of the first tube closed by the compression of the main body stent and the blood vessel wall, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of the operation.
  • a film near the blood inlet end of the first tube body 21 (ie, the left end of the first tube body 21 in FIG. 3) shown in FIG. 3 (for example: from The left to right number of the first ring of the wave and the blood flow inlet end of the film or the left to right number of first ring wave ring to the second ring wave ring formed on the film)
  • the first coil of the hole penetrating the film or the first tube body 21 shown in FIG. 3 near the blood flow inlet end is not covered by the film.
  • a tube body flows to the branch vessel.
  • first tubular body 21 in FIG. 25 a simple broken line is used to indicate the second tubular body 22.
  • the second tubular body 22 in this embodiment is The second tube body 22 in the first embodiment is the same; the first tube body 21 in this embodiment is substantially similar to the first tube body 21 in the first embodiment, except that it is in the embodiment.
  • Each of the two ends of the first tubular body 21 has a plurality of fins 27, that is, each of the two ends of the first tubular body 21 in the first embodiment is closest to each other.
  • the first tube body 21 in this embodiment is obtained by removing the film between adjacent peaks, that is, each end of the first tube body 21 of the lumen holder 2 in the first embodiment is closest to the corresponding end portion.
  • the lumen stent 2 in this embodiment can be obtained by removing the film between every two adjacent peaks in the coil.
  • a plurality of tabs 27 may be formed only at the blood flow inlet end of the first tubular body 21 according to actual needs, that is, the blood outlet end of the first tubular body 21 may be A plurality of tabs 211 are not provided.
  • the film between the pair of adjacent crests in the circle closest to the blood inlet end of the first tube 21 in the first embodiment may be used as needed. If it is not removed, as long as the film between at least two pairs of adjacent peaks is removed, a plurality of patches may be formed.
  • a lumen stent 2 according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention is substantially similar to the lumen stent 2 of the seventh embodiment of the present invention, comprising a first tubular body 21 and a second tubular body 22, a second tubular body 22 sets are disposed outside the first tubular body 21 and covering at least a portion of the first tubular body 21, and one end of the second tubular body 22 is sealingly connected with the outer peripheral surface of the first tubular body 21; the lumen of the eighth embodiment of the present invention
  • the bracket 2 is different from the lumen bracket in the seventh embodiment only in that each of the coils 23 of the first tube body 21 except the wave ends of the both ends of the first tube body 21 in the present embodiment is sandwiched between Between the annular outer coating 219 and the cylindrical inner coating 210, and the peak of each of the coils 218 is exposed, the valleys of each of the coils 218 are correspondingly ring-shaped.
  • the outer cover 219 and the cylindrical inner cover 210 are covered (see FIGS. 27 and 28).
  • the annular outer cover 219 and the cylindrical inner cover 210 may be a PET film or a PTFE film, and the annular outer cover 219 and the cylindrical inner cover 210 may be sandwiched by the first tubular body 21 by stitching or hot melt. .
  • the peak of each of the coils can be separated from the annular outer cover 219 and the cylindrical inner cover 210 (that is, the peak of each wave can be lifted relative to the annular outer cover 219 and the cylindrical inner cover 210), thus, to be first
  • the small curved side means a side having a small bending radius when the first tubular body 21 is bent.
  • the peak of the small curved side is less likely to pierce the cylindrical inner film during the bending process, and the service life of the first pipe body 21 is improved.
  • a lumen stent 2 according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention is substantially similar to the lumen stent 2 of the seventh embodiment of the present invention, and includes a first tubular body 21 and a second tubular body 22, a second tubular body 22 sets are disposed outside the first pipe body 21 and cover at least a portion of the first pipe body 21, and one end of the second pipe body 22 is sealingly connected to the outer circumferential surface of the first pipe body 21.
  • the lumen stent 2 of the ninth embodiment of the present invention is different from the lumen stent of the seventh embodiment only in that the first tubular body 21 of the present embodiment has a wave except for the ends of the both ends.
  • the ring wave ring 218 is sandwiched between an annular outer cover 219 and a cylindrical inner cover 210, and the annular outer cover 219 is located between the crests and troughs of the wave ring 218 held by it, and the wave ring 218 The crests and troughs are exposed.
  • the annular outer cover 219 and the cylindrical inner cover 210 may be a PET film or a PTFE film, and the annular outer cover 219 and the cylindrical inner cover 210 may be sandwiched by the first tubular body 21 by stitching or hot melt. .
  • the peaks of each wave circle and The troughs can be separated from the annular outer coating 219 and the cylindrical inner coating 210 (that is, the crests and troughs of each of the corrugations can be lifted relative to the annular outer coating 219 and the cylindrical inner coating 210), So, wait for the first tube When 21 is bent, on the small curved side, one of the adjacent two coils may overlap with the other coil, thereby improving the flexibility of the first tube 21.
  • the peaks or troughs of the wave ring are not easily pierced by the cylindrical inner film during the bending process, thereby improving the service life of the first pipe body 21.
  • the width of the annular outer cover 219 in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21 is greater than or equal to the direction between the crests of the coils to which it is sandwiched and the troughs along the longitudinal central axis of the first tubular body 21.
  • a lumen stent 2 according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention is substantially similar to the lumen stent 2 of the first embodiment of the present invention, and includes a first tubular body 21 and a second tubular body 22, a second tubular body 22 sets are disposed outside the first tube body 21 and cover at least a portion of the first tube body 21, and one end of the second tube body 22 is sealingly connected with the outer peripheral surface of the first tube body 21; the lumen bracket 2 of the embodiment is The lumen stent 2 of the first embodiment differs only in that the first tubular body 21 of the tenth embodiment includes a cylindrical inner membrane 210, a first coil group 211, a second coil group 212, and a third The coil group 213, the fourth coil group 214, and the annular outer coating 219 disposed on the coil group.
  • the second coil group 212 is located between the first coil group 211 and the third coil group 213, and the third coil group 213 is located between the second coil group 212 and between the four groups of coil groups.
  • Connected by the square connecting ring 215, that is, the first coil group 211, the second coil group 212, the third coil group 213, and the fourth coil group 214 are sequentially arranged along the longitudinal central axis of the first tube body 21. arrangement.
  • the annular outer cover 219 and the cylindrical inner cover 210 may be a PET film or a PTFE film, and the annular outer cover 219 and the cylindrical inner cover 210 may be sandwiched by the first tubular body 21 by stitching or hot melt. . It can be understood that the first coil group 211, the second coil group 212, the third coil group 213, and the fourth coil group 214 are part of the bare bracket of the first tube body 21.
  • the first coil group 211 includes a connected first wave ring 211a, a second wave ring 211b, and a third wave ring 211c.
  • the first wave ring 211a has two adjacent higher peaks 2111, a plurality of comparisons a low peak 2112, and a plurality of troughs 2113; the plurality of lower peaks 2112 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21, and the plurality of troughs 2113 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21, and more
  • the lower peaks 2112 are located between the plurality of higher peaks 2111 and the plurality of valleys 2113.
  • the plurality of peaks of the second wave ring 211b, the plurality of peaks of the third wave ring 211c, and the plurality of lower peaks 2112 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21.
  • the plurality of troughs of the second wave ring 211b, the plurality of troughs of the third wave ring 211c, and the plurality of troughs 2113 are flush with each other in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21.
  • the second coil set 212 includes a first wave circle 212a, a second wave block 212b, and a third wave ring 212c.
  • the first wave ring 212a has a higher peak 2121, a plurality of lower peaks 2122, and a plurality of valleys 2123; the plurality of lower peaks 2122 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21, and the plurality of troughs 2123 are The longitudinal center axis direction of the first tubular body 21 is flush, and a plurality of lower peaks 2122 are located between the higher crests 2121 and the plurality of troughs 2123.
  • the higher peak 2121 and the valley 2113 between the adjacent two higher peaks 2111 of the first wave ring 211a are hooked and integrated to connect the first wave ring 211a with the first wave ring 212a, that is, the first wave circle Group 211 is coupled to second circle set 212.
  • the plurality of peaks of the second wave ring 212b, the plurality of peaks of the third wave ring 212c, and the plurality of lower peaks 2122 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21.
  • the plurality of troughs of the second wave ring 212b, the plurality of troughs of the third wave ring 212c, and the plurality of troughs 2123 are flush with each other in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21.
  • the third circle group 213 includes a connected first wave ring 213a, a second wave ring 213b, and a third wave ring 213c.
  • the first wave ring 213a has two adjacent higher peaks 2131, a plurality of lower peaks 2132, and a plurality of valleys 2133; the plurality of lower peaks 2132 are flush with the longitudinal central axis of the first tubular body 21, The valleys 2133 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21, and a plurality of lower peaks 2132 are located between the plurality of higher peaks 2131 and the plurality of valleys 2133.
  • the peak 2131 on the left side is entangled with the trough 2113 on the left side of the first wave ring 212a which is closest to the higher peak 2121, and the peak 2131 on the right side is A trough 2121 of a wave circle 212a closest to the higher peak 2121 is hooked together to connect the first wave ring 212a with the first wave ring 213a, that is, the second wave circle group 212 and the third wave circle group 213 connected.
  • the plurality of peaks of the second wave ring 213b, the plurality of peaks of the third wave ring 213c, and the plurality of lower peaks 2132 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21.
  • the plurality of valleys of the second wave ring 213b, the plurality of valleys of the third wave ring 213c, and the plurality of valleys 2133 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21.
  • the fourth circle group 214 includes a connected first wave ring 214a, a second wave ring 214b, and a third wave ring 214c.
  • the first wave ring 214a has a higher peak 2141, a plurality of lower peaks 2142, and a plurality of valleys 2143; the plurality of lower peaks 2142 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21, and the plurality of troughs 2143 are The longitudinal center axis direction of the first tubular body 21 is flush, and a plurality of lower peaks 2142 are located between the higher crests 2141 and the plurality of troughs 2143.
  • the valley 2133 between the higher peak 2141 and the adjacent two higher peaks 2131 of the third wave ring 213a is hooked and integrated to connect the third wave ring 213a with the fourth wave ring 212a, that is, the first wave circle Group 211 is coupled to second circle set 212.
  • the plurality of peaks of the second wave ring 214b, the plurality of peaks of the third wave ring 214c, and the plurality of lower peaks 2142 are flush in the longitudinal central axis direction of the first tubular body 21.
  • the plurality of valleys of the second wave ring 214b, the plurality of valleys of the third wave ring 214c, and the longitudinal central axis directions of the plurality of valleys 2143 are flush.
  • first coil group 211, the second coil group 212, the third coil group 213, and the fourth coil group 214 can be integrally connected by the square connecting ring 215.
  • the second wave circle and/or the third wave circle can be omitted, as long as each wave circle group has a first wave circle, and four wave circle groups can pass through the square. Connect the rings to connect. It can also be understood that among the four coil groups, there may be one, two or three coil groups, and the second wave circle and/or the third wave circle are omitted, as long as each coil group is There is a first wave circle, and the four first wave rings can be connected by a square connecting ring. It can also be understood that, in the first coil group 211, there may be no first wave circle and/or second wave circle. In this case, the trough of the third wave circle may also be higher peak of the second wave circle group. Hook to connect the first circle group and the second wave group.
  • An annular outer coating 219 is further disposed on each of the coil groups, and the annular outer coating 219 is located between the crests and troughs of the coil group held by the coil group, and the crests and troughs of the coil group are exposed.
  • the peaks and troughs of each coil group are exposed (that is, the peaks and troughs of each coil group are not the annular outer coating 219 and the cylindrical inner coating 210), the peak of each coil group And the troughs can be separated from the annular outer coating 219 and the cylindrical inner coating 210 (that is, the crests and troughs of each of the coil groups can be lifted relative to the annular outer coating 219 and the cylindrical inner coating 210. In this way, when the first tubular body 21 is bent, on the small curved side, one of the adjacent two coil groups may overlap with the other coil group, thereby improving the first tubular body 21 Softness.
  • the coils at both ends of the first pipe body 21 are covered by the annular outer cover film 219, that is, the wave rings at both ends are surrounded by the annular outer cover film 219 and the cylindrical inner cover film 210,
  • the flexibility of the first can body 21 can be better improved.
  • the coil groups are not only integrally connected by the annular outer coating 219 and the cylindrical inner coating 210, but also connected by the square connecting ring 215, so that the first tube body 21 is added. At the same time, the flexibility of the first pipe body 21 is increased, and the service life of the first pipe body 21 is prolonged.
  • the bare bracket of the first tube body may also include a first coil group, a second coil group, a third coil group, and a fourth coil group connected via a square connecting ring.
  • a lumen stent in an embodiment of the present invention includes a first tubular body and a second tubular body covering at least a portion of the radial supporting section of the first tubular body, and when the lumen stent is implanted, the first tubular body and A semi-closed gap is formed between the second tube body, or a semi-closed gap is formed between the second tube body and the lumen wall, and the blood flowing into the gap can be used as a filling material to block the type I end leak channel, thereby avoiding blood inflow.
  • the tumor or mezzanine At the tumor or mezzanine.
  • both the first tube body and the second tube body have radial supporting ability, that is, both have radial supporting force, so after being implanted into the lumen, the radial supporting force of the lumen wall can still pass through the radial supporting force thereof.
  • the lumen wall is attached; at the same time, under the impact of blood flow, the first tube body and the second tube body can maintain the radial support shape, avoiding the occurrence of deformation such as wrinkles, inversions, collapses, etc., especially ensuring the tube No deformation occurs at the proximal end face of the cavity holder, thereby preventing blood flowing into the lumen from being blocked.
  • the second pipe body has a larger radial deformation capability than the first pipe body phase. Therefore, under the radial compression of the lumen wall, the first pipe body can ensure that the lumen is not lost and the blood flow is smooth.
  • the second tube body can conform to the deformation of the lumen wall and the first tube body while ensuring the wall of the lumen, through the gap between the first tube body and the second tube body, or the second tube body and the lumen wall The gap between them prevents the formation of type I endoleaks.
  • the lumen stent according to the embodiment of the present invention can be matched with other conventional lumen stents, or a plurality of lumen stents according to the embodiments of the present invention cooperate with each other to implant a branch vessel.
  • the blood flow of the branch vessels is ensured while the tumor or the interlayer is isolated, and the formation of the type I endoleak is prevented.

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Abstract

一种管腔支架(2)包括第一管体(21)和套设于第一管体(21)外的第二管体(22),第二管体(22)的至少一端与第一管体(21)的外表面密封连接。在管腔支架(2)的径向支撑段内,第一管体(21)包括至少一个沿其周向排布的第一径向支撑结构(211),第二管体(22)包括至少一个沿其周向排布的第二径向支撑结构(221)和覆盖第二径向支撑结构(221)的覆膜(222),第二径向支撑结构(221)的径向变形能力大于第一径向支撑结构(211)的径向变形能力。植入后,可在第一管体和第二管体之间或在第二管体与管腔壁之间形成半封闭的间隙,流入上述间隙的血液可作为填充材料封堵I型内漏通道,避免血液流入瘤体或夹层处。

Description

管腔支架 技术领域
本发明涉及植入医疗器械,尤其涉及一种管腔支架及管腔支架系统。
背景技术
目前可采用管腔支架实施腔内隔绝术来隔离人体管腔内的病变区域,例如,可采用管腔支架在血管中隔绝动脉夹层或动脉瘤。此类方法具有手术创伤小、术中输血量少、术后恢复快及住院时间短等优点,因此已逐步取代传统的开腔手术。管腔支架通常具有径向膨胀能力,利用其径向支撑力紧贴血管腔壁而固定于管腔中。为防止支架脱落,支架需具有足够大的径向支撑力,而径向支撑力越大,支架径向展开后的刚性越强。然而,由于个体差异,管腔内壁形态各异,且管腔内壁还可能存在钙化斑块而改变管腔内壁的形貌,具有较大刚性的管腔支架有可能造成支架与管腔贴壁不良,使得支架与病变管腔壁之间无法完全封闭。
例如,参见图1,管腔12内壁上的斑块13可使得支架11与管腔12内壁之间存在间隙14,血流可经由该间隙14流向瘤腔或者夹层假腔,产生I型内漏。或者,为同时开通主体血管和分支血管,可采用烟囱技术、潜望镜技术、或三明治技术将多个支架配合使用,分别将管腔支架植入主体血管和分支血管。例如参见图2,主体支架15和分支支架16的一端并排植入管腔12中,主体支架15的另一端与较大的主体血管连通(图中未示出),分支支架16的另一端与较小的分支血管连通(图中未示出)。为确保流入分支血管的血流通畅,分支支架16的径向支撑力需大于主体支架15的径向支撑力,这样会导致并排植入处主体支架15更易于径向变形,从而在分支支架16、主体支架15、以及管腔12内壁之间形成间隙17,由此产生I型内漏,血流可经由该间隙17流向瘤腔或者夹层假腔。
这种I型内漏可能出现在胸主动脉、腹主动脉或其它管腔中。若血流持续流入,可引起夹层假腔或者动脉瘤瘤腔继续增大,并最终导致其破裂的严重后果,使腔内隔绝治疗失败。由此,对于腔内隔绝术中的管腔支架而言,为提高手术效果和治愈成功率,尽量避免支架与管腔的I型内漏尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,针对现有技术的缺陷,提供一种可避免内漏形成的管腔支架。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:提供了一种管腔支架,包括第一管体和第二管体,所述第二管体套设于所述第一管体外,且至少一端与所述第一管体的外表面密封连接;所述管腔支架具有径向支撑段;在该径向支撑段内,所述第一管体包括至少一个沿其周向排布的第一径向支撑结构,所述第二管体包括至少一个沿其周向排布的第二径向支撑结构和覆盖所述第二径向支撑结构的覆膜,且所述第二径向支撑结构的径向变形能力大于所述第一径向支撑结构的径向变形能力。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,在相同径向力作用下,所述第二径向支撑结构的径长变化量大于所述第一径向支撑结构的径长变化量;或者,在相同径向力作用下,所述第二径向支撑结构的径长变化率大于所述第一径向支撑结构的径长变化率;或者,在发生相同径向变化率或相同径向变化量时,所述第一径向支撑结构需要的径向外力比所述第二径向支撑结构需要的径向外力大。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,在相同的径向力作用下,所述第一径向支撑结构的径长变化量或径长变化率分别是该第二径向支撑结构的径长变化量或径长变化率的1.05倍~10倍或2倍~5倍。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,在发生相同径向变化率或相同径向变化量时,所述第一径向支撑结构需要的径向外力是所述第二径向支撑结构需要的径向外力的1.05倍~10倍或2倍~5倍。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,自然展开状态下,在所述径向支撑段 中的同一位置处,所述第二管体的径长是所述第一管体的径长的1.3倍~3倍。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,自然展开状态下,在所述径向支撑段中的同一位置处,所述第二管体的径长比所述第一管体的径长大2~30mm。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述第二管体的另一端开放;或者所述第二管体的另一端与所述第一管体的外表面密封连接。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述第二管体的最大径长处位于所述径向支撑段内,且所述最大径长处设有所述第二支撑结构。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述第二管体的最大径长处位于所述第二管体开放一端的端口附近;或者位于第二管体的中间部分。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述第二径向支撑结构为波形环状物,在自然展开状态下,所述波形环状物的任一波形沿周向的最大宽度m与该波形处的第二管体的周长D满足m≤D/8或m≤D/10或m1≤D/12或m1≤D/13或m1≤D/14。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,在自然展开状态下,所述波形环状物的任一波形沿周向的最大宽度m为1.5~5mm、或1.5~7mm、或1.5~8mm。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述波形环状物由金属丝绕制形成,所述金属丝的直径为0.05~0.32mm、或0.1~0.35mm、或0.2~0.4mm;或者,所述波形环状物由金属管切割形成,形成所述波形环状物的金属杆的线径为0.05~0.32mm、或0.1~0.35mm、或0.2~0.4mm。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述波形的波形高度为2~6mm、或3~7mm、或4~8mm。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,至少一圈所述波形环状物的任一波峰与相邻的另一圈所述波形环状物中最接近的一个波峰之间的轴向间距小于该圈波形环状物的波形高度。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述第二径向支撑结构为包括多个网格的网状结构,在自然展开状态下,任一所述网格沿周向的最大宽度m1与该网格处的第二管体的周长D满足m1≤D/12或m1≤D/13或m1≤D/14。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,在自然展开状态下,任一所述网格沿 周向的最大宽度m1为1.5~5mm、或1.5~7mm、或1.5~8mm。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,在自然展开状态下,任一所述网格沿轴向的最大长度为4~12mm、或6~14mm、或8~16mm。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,在所述径向支撑段中,所述第一管体还包括覆盖第一径向支撑结构的覆膜。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述第一管体的至少一端具有多个沿平行于所述第一管体的纵向轴延伸的凸片,且相邻两个凸片之间均具有缝隙。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述第一管体包括四个沿所述第一管体的纵向中心轴方向依次排列的波圈,四个所述波圈通过方形连接环相连。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述第一管体包括筒形内覆膜、波圈及环形外覆膜,所述波圈夹设在筒形内覆膜及环形外覆膜之间,且所述波圈的至少部分波峰和/或波谷裸露在外。
在根据本发明实施例的管腔支架中,所述第一管体上设有覆膜,所述第一管体端部附近的覆膜上形成有贯穿覆膜的孔或者所述第一管体的靠近所述第一管体端部的波圈未被覆膜全部覆盖。
依据本发明实施例的管腔支架植入后,可在第一管体和第二管体之间形成半封闭的间隙,或在第二管体与管腔壁之间形成半封闭的间隙,流入上述间隙的血液可作为填充材料封堵I型内漏通道,避免血液流入瘤体或夹层处。第一管体和第二管体均具有径向支撑力且第二管体相比第一管体相具有较大的径向变形能力,因此植入管腔后在管腔壁的径向压缩下仍能通过其径向支撑力与管腔壁贴覆;同时,在血流的冲击下,第一管体和第二管体均能保持径向支撑形貌,避免褶皱、内翻、坍塌等变形的发生,尤其是可以确保管腔支架的近端端面处不发生变形,从而避免流入管腔的血液受阻。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,附图中:
图1是现有技术中单个管腔支架植入具有斑块的管腔后的示意图;
图2是现有技术中两个管腔支架配合植入管腔后的示意图;
图3是依据本发明第一实施例的一示例管腔支架的结构示意图;
图4是依据本发明第一实施例的另一示例管腔支架的结构示意图;
图4A是图4中的管腔支架的示意图;
图5是平板挤压法测试依据本发明第一实施例的管腔支架的示意图;
图6是平板挤压法测试依据本发明第一实施例的管腔支架的示意图;
图7是依据本发明第一实施例的管腔支架在自然展开状态的径向截面图;
图8是图7的管腔支架在径向压缩后的径向截面图;
图9A是依据本发明第一实施例的单个管腔支架植入具有斑块的管腔后的示意图;
图9B是依据本发明第一实施例的单个管腔支架植入管腔后的轴向截面图;
图10是第一实施例中第二管体的一示例多圈波形环状物的示意图;
图11是另一具体实施方式中第二管体的多圈波形环状物的示意图;
图12是依据本发明第二实施例的管腔支架的示意图;
图13A是图12的管腔支架的一具体结构的示意图;
图13B是图13A中的管腔支架植入管腔后的轴向截面图;
图14是依据本发明第三实施例的管腔支架的示意图;
图15是依据本发明第四实施例的管腔支架的一示例结构的示意图;
图16是依据本发明第四实施例的管腔支架的另一示例结构的示意图;
图17是图16中第二管体的切割网状结构的示意图;
图18是图17的局部放大图;
图19是依据本发明第五实施例的管腔支架系统的示意图;
图20是图19中管腔支架系统的近端径向截面图;
图21是依据本发明第五实施例的管腔支架系统另一示例结构的示意图;
图22是依据本发明第六实施例再的管腔支架系统的示意图;
图23是图22中的管腔支架系统植入后在肾动脉附近的径向截面图;
图24是图22中的管腔支架系统植入后在髂动脉附近的径向截面图。
图25是本发明第七实施例提供的管腔支架的示意图;
图26是本发明第八实施例提供的管腔支架的示意图;
图27是图26中的第一管体的示意图;
图28是图27中的P部分的放大图;
图29是图26中的第一管体被弯曲后的状态图;
图30是本发明第九实施例提供的管腔支架的示意图;
图31是本发明第十实施例提供的管腔支架的示意图;
第32是图31中的管腔支架的第一管腔的未覆盖环形外覆膜的多个波圈组的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
第一实施例
参见图3,依据本发明第一实施例的管腔支架2包括第一管体21和第二管体22,第二管体22套设于第一管体21外、并覆盖第一管体21的至少一部分,第二管体22的一端与第一管体21的外周表面密封连接。
具体而言,第一管体21具有径向膨胀能力,可在外力作用下可被压缩并在外力撤销后自膨胀或通过机械膨胀(例如球囊扩张膨胀)恢复至初始形状并保持初始形状,由此植入管腔后可通过其径向支撑力紧贴管腔壁而固定于管腔内。第一管体21包括设于整个管体上的第一径向支撑结构211,例如可采用记忆合金材料(例如镍钛合金)制备该第一径向支撑结构211,使其具有自膨胀能力。该第一径向支撑结构211可以是沿轴向排布的多圈波形环状物,也可以是由金属丝编织形成的网状结构,也可以是通过金属管切割形成的切割网状结构,本领域的普通技术人员可根据需要选择合适的第一径向支撑结构211,此处不再一一赘述。且,该第一管体21还至少在未被第二管体22覆盖的区域中包括第一覆膜212,该第一覆膜212可以是PET膜或PTFE膜,可通过缝合或热熔方式覆盖第一径向支撑结构211。
第二管体22具有径向膨胀能力,即可在外力作用下可被压缩并在外力撤销后自膨胀或通过机械膨胀(例如球囊扩张膨胀)恢复至初始形状并保持初始形状,由此植入管腔后可通过其径向支撑力贴覆管腔壁。第二管体22包括设于至少一部分管体上的第二径向支撑结构221,例如可采用记忆合金材料(例如镍钛合金)制备该第二径向支撑结构221,使其具有自膨胀能力。该第二径向支撑结构221可以是沿轴向排布的多圈波形环状物,也可以是由金属丝编织形成的网状结构,也可以是通过金属管切割形成的切割网状结构,本领域的普通技术人员可根据需要选择合适的第二径向支撑结构221,此处不再一一赘述。而且,该第二管体22的整个管体上还包括第二覆膜222,该覆膜可以是PET膜或PTFE膜,可通过缝合或热熔方式覆盖第二径向支撑结构221。
第二管体22的一端与第一管体21可通过第二覆膜222与第一覆膜212热熔实现密封连接,也可通过将第二覆膜222缝合到第一覆膜212上来实现密封连接。本领域的普通技术人员可根据需要选择合适的密封方式,此处不再赘述。
管腔支架2具有至少一径向支撑段,在该径向支撑段中,第一管体21包括至少一个沿其周向排布的第一径向支撑结构211,第二管体22包括至少一个沿其周向排布的第二径向支撑结构221和覆盖该第二径向支撑结构221的第二覆膜222。第二管体22的最大径长处可位于该径向支撑段内,且在最大径长处设有上述第二径向支撑结构221。例如,第二管体22的最大径长处可位于第二管体22开放一端的端口处,或者可位于第二管体22的中间部分。
参见图3,示例地,管腔支架2包括径向支撑段L,该径向支撑段L位于第二管体22中远离密封连接的开放一端附近。在上述径向支撑段L中,第二管体22覆盖第一管体21,且第二管体22具有第二径向支撑结构221。参见图4,另一示例中,管腔支架2包括径向支撑段L1,该径向支撑段L1为整个第二管体22。同样,在该径向支撑段L1中,第二管体22覆盖第一管体21,且第二管体22具有第二径向支撑结构221。
在上述径向支撑段(例如径向支撑段L或L1)内,第二径向支撑结构221的径向变形能力大于第一径向支撑结构211的径向变形能力,即,在相同的径 向力作用下(包括径向作用力大小和方向、以及作用时间均分别相同),径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量小于同一位置处的第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量;或者,在相同的径向力所用下(包括径向作用力大小和方向、以及作用时间均相同),径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化率小于同一位置处的第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化率,该变化率为径长变化量与原始径长的比值。
在相同的径向力作用下,径长变化量越大或径长变化率越大,则表明径向支撑结构的径向变形能力越强,而径向支撑性能越差,反之亦然。或者,在上述径向支撑段(例如径向支撑段L或L1)内,在发生相同径向变化率或相同径向变化量时,第一径向支撑结构211需要的径向外力比第二径向支撑结构221需要的径向外力大。所需径向力越大,则表明径向变形能力越弱,而径向支撑性能越强,反之亦然。
参见图5,可采用平板挤压法,即采用两块相互平行的平板18在径向支撑段内沿径向支撑段圆周的切向方向夹持该管体21和22,测试过程中始终保持两块平板为平行,在平板18上施加相同的径向力F来测试径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211和第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量△R或径长变化率△R/R,该径向力F的方向与挤压处的管体21和22的一直径平行。或者,可采样上述平板挤压法,将径向支撑段内的第一径向支撑结构211或径向支撑段内的第二径向支撑结构221从原始尺寸R(图5)压缩到R/2(图6)时测得的所需要施加的径向力F1来评价径向支撑力或径向支撑性能,该评价结果与通过径长变化量或径长变化率的评价结果是等效的。其中,在径向作用条件相同(径向力的作用时间和作用方式均相同)的情况下,若管体从原始尺寸R压缩到R/2所需施加的径向力F1的力值越小,则表明管体的径向径向变形能力越强,而径向支撑性能越差,反之亦然。
上述的平板挤压法仅为一种示例测试方法,并不是对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员可采用任意适合的方法进行与平板挤压法等效的测试,例如,还可在管腔的周向上均匀施加径向作用力进行测试,具体地,可采用Machine Solution Inc(MSI)公司RX550-100型号的径向支撑力测试仪。
在本发明的一具体实施方式中,在相同的径向力所用下,径向支撑段中第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量的1.05倍~10倍,进一步可以是2倍~5倍。或者,在相同的径向力所用下,径向支撑段中的第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化率是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化率的1.05倍~10倍,进一步可以是2倍~5倍。或者,在同一测试条件下,第一径向支撑结构211从原始尺寸R压缩到R/2时所需要施加的径向力是第二径向支撑结构221从原始尺寸R压缩到R/2时所需要施加的径向力的1.05倍~10倍,进一步可以是2倍~5倍。
与第一径向支撑结构211相比,若第二径向支撑结构221的径向变形能力过大,则径向支撑性能过弱,将导致第二径向支撑结构在释放过程无法完全径向展开,从而出现褶皱或塌陷的现象,因此第二径向支撑结构221的径向变形能力通常不超过第一径向支撑结构211的径向变形能力的10倍。当然,若第二径向支撑结构221的径向变形能力与第一径向支撑结构211的径向变形能力差异不大,则第二管体22植入后仍有可能造成内漏的形成。因此,第二径向支撑结构221的径向变形能力通常比第一径向支撑结构211的径向变形能力的1.05倍大。具体地,第二径向支撑结构221的径向变形能力是第一径向支撑结构211的径向变形能力的2~5倍,例如3倍、4倍等等。
应当知晓,此处所述的径向变形能力为管体在受到外部径向作用力时,例如第一管体21或第二管体22植入后受到管腔径向挤压时,管体对该外部径向作用力产生的径向反作用力。若在相同的外部径向作用力下,管体产生的径向反作用力越大,则表明该管体具有较弱的径向变形能力、而具有较大的径向支撑力或较佳的径向支撑性能,反之亦然。例如当第一径向支撑结构211和第二径向支撑结构221植入同一位置受到同一管腔径向挤压时,第一径向支撑结构211产生的径向反作用力较大,第二径向支撑结构221产生的径向反作用力较小,因此第一径向支撑结构211相比第二管体22具有更大的径向支撑力或具有更佳的径向支撑性能、而具有较弱的径向变形能力。而若管体自身并不具有前述径向膨胀能力,例如仅具有覆膜而无径向支撑结构的管体,在受到外部径向作用力时会被压缩,但在外力撤销后并不能恢复至初始形状并保持在初始形 状,则此种管体对该外部径向作用力产生的径向反作用力基本可以忽略,针对这种结构的管体比较径向支撑力或径向支撑性能是没有意义的。
另,第二径向支撑结构221沿周向设置,进一步地,第二径向支撑结构221沿周向连续设置,植入后当第二径向支撑结构221某处受到径向作用力而发生变形时,第二径向支撑结构221可将该变形或受力沿周向传递,从而实现第二管体顺应管腔壁的形貌并紧贴管腔壁,且该第二径向支撑结构221能够主动填塞其周围的小缝隙,避免第二管体与管腔壁之间形成血流泄露通道。
基于以上阐述可知,当上述管腔支架2植入人体管腔后,在其所述的径向支撑段内,管腔支架2包括第一管体21和覆盖第一管体21的第二管体22,第一管体21的径向变形能力较弱,可紧贴管腔壁而使整个管腔支架固定于管腔中,避免发生移位或从管腔中脱落;而第二管体22因具有第二径向支撑结构221而具有径向支撑力,可径向膨胀而贴覆管腔壁,不会在管腔壁与第二管体22之间因径向支撑力不够而形成间隙。并且,因第二管体22的径向变形能力优于第一管体21的径向变形能力,其与第一管体21同时植入到同一管腔位置处时,第二管体22易于顺应管腔内壁的形貌变形,从而避免在第二管体22与管腔内壁之间形成间隙,切断形成I型内漏的通道或开口。
例如,参见图7,在自然状态下,即未受到外部径向力或外部径向挤压下,第一管体21(即第一径向支撑结构)和第二管体22(即第二径向支撑结构)均可径向膨胀展开。参见图8,在受到外部径向力或外部径向挤压下,例如置于需治疗的血管某部位时,第一管体21在血管壁的径向挤压下将保持径向形貌基本不变,可避免管腔支架2移位或脱落;第二管体22将在该血管的径向挤压下顺应变形并同时保持径向膨胀展开,而不会发生径向坍塌、陷落、翻转等变形。
第二管体22的一端可与第一管体21的外周表面密封连接,第二管体22的另一端开放,或者第二管体22的另一端与第一管体21的外周表面连接,该连接可以是密封连接,也可以是部分密封连接。具体参见图4A,管腔支架2具有近端23和远端24,此处定义植入后血流从近端23流向远端24。第二管体22位于第一管体21的近端23附近,第二管体22靠近远端24的管口与第 一管体21的外周表面密封连接,形成封闭管口,第二管体22靠近近端23的管口开放。
具体地,参见图9A,若上述管腔支架2植入到具有斑块13的管腔中,在受到管腔产生的径向力或径向挤压下,第一管体21保持径向形貌基本不变,不会移位或脱落,并保持血流通道通畅;第二管体22可在斑块13处顺应变形,同时仍通过其径向膨胀能力确保贴覆管腔内壁和斑块表面,从而在填充第一管体21与管腔内壁形成的间隙的同时,不会在第二管体22与管腔内壁和斑块表面之间再形成间隙,切断了形成I型内漏的通道或开口,避免血液流入瘤体或夹层18处。
参见9B,第二管体22靠近近端23的一端为开放管口,植入后第二管体22顺应管腔12内壁变形,并在第二管体22与第一管体21之间形成间隙20,当血液从近端23流入管腔支架2时,血液同时流入间隙20,因第二管体22靠近远端24的管口封闭,则流入该间隙20中的血液可起到密封填充效果,并且此部分血液在该间隙20中会直接血栓化,使得密封填充效果更佳。在此密封过程中,不需要事先在管腔支架2中或植入管腔支架2后加入其它的密封或填充材料,只需正常血液循环中流入的血液即可实现密封,不会额外增加密封或填充材料带来的生物学风险。
或者,径向支撑段内的第一管体21可仅包括第一径向支撑结构211,而不包括第一覆膜212。可以理解的是,与图3所示的结构相比,第一管体21仍可通过其较大径向支撑力使整个管腔支架2固定与管腔中,第二管体22仍可通过其较小的径向支撑力顺应管腔内壁的形貌变形,并贴覆管腔内部,尽可能避免在第二管体22与管腔内壁之间形成间隙。将管腔支架植入血管部分后,第一管体21与第二管体22之间流入的血液将通过第一径向支撑结构211的空隙流入第一管体21形成的通道,从而再次进入血液循环。
在上述管腔支架2的具体结构中,自然展开状态下,上述径向支撑段(例如径向支撑段L或L1)的同一位置处,第二管体22的径长是第一管体21的径长的1.3倍~3倍,由此,在此处,第一管体21与第二管体22之间形成间隙空间。应当知晓,在径向支撑段中,第一管体21的径长和第二管体22的径 长可分别为各自的径向支撑结构在径向自然展开时形成的径长,例如,第二管体22在此处的径长即为第二径向支撑结构221在此处的径长。
或者,上述径向支撑段(例如径向支撑段L或L1)的同一位置处,第二管体22的径长比第一管体21的径长大2~30mm,由此,在此处,第一管体21与第二管体22之间形成间隙空间。具体地,当第一管体21的径长为20~48mm时,对应的管腔支架一般用于主动脉位置,包括升主动脉、主动脉弓、胸降主动脉以及腹主动脉,此时同一位置处的第二管体22的径长比第一管体的径长大2~20mm;当第一管体21径长为4~20mm时,对应的管腔支架一般用于分支血管,如弓部分支、肾动脉、髂动脉等,此时同一位置处的第二管体22的径长比第一管体21的最大径长大3~30mm。同样地,在径向支撑段中,第一管体21的径长和第二管体22的径长可分别为各自的径向支撑结构在径向自然展开时形成的径长。
因第二管体具有径向膨胀能力,即可在外力作用下可被压缩并在外力撤销后自膨胀或通过机械膨胀(例如球囊扩张膨胀)恢复至初始形状并保持初始形状,因此第一管体与第二管体之间的径长差或径长比可在较大的范围内取值。若需要第一管体与第二管体之间的径长差或径长比较小,例如径长差小至2mm或3mm或4mm,第一管体与第二管体之间因均具有径向膨胀能力而不会彼此贴附在一起,仍具有间隙空间,并可保持间隙空间通畅;若需要第一管体与第二管体之间的径长差或径长比较大,例如径长差大于10mm,第二管体仍能有效紧贴管腔壁,而不会在血流的冲击下发生翻转。因此,依据本发明实施例的管腔支架适用范围广,且封堵泄露的稳定性高。
下面将结合第一管体和第二管体的径长来阐述两者的径长变化量,当然,径长变化率的情况相同或近似。当第一径向支撑结构211的直径介于18~48mm范围时,支架一般用于主动脉位置,包括升主动脉、主动脉弓、胸降主动脉以及腹主动脉以及各分支血管。此时,若第二径向支撑结构221的直径是第一径向支撑结构211的直径的1.3倍~1.8倍,第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量略大于该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量,例如第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量至少是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构 211的径长变化量的1.05倍。若第二径向支撑结构221的直径是第一径向支撑结构211的直径的1.8倍~2倍时,第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量至少是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量的1.1倍。若第二径向支撑结构221的直径是第一径向支撑结构211的直径的2倍~3倍时,第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量至少是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量的1.2倍。
而当第一径向支撑结构211的直径介于10~18mm范围时,支架一般用于主动脉弓分支、髂动脉位置等。此时,若第二径向支撑结构221的直径是第一径向支撑结构211的直径的1.3倍~1.8倍,第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量略大于该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量,例如第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量至少是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量的1.1倍。若第二径向支撑结构221的直径是第一径向支撑结构211的直径的1.8倍~2倍时,第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量至少是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量的1.2倍。若第二径向支撑结构221的直径是第一径向支撑结构211的直径的2倍~3倍时,第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量至少是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量的1.25倍。
而当第一径向支撑结构211的直径小于10mm时,支架一般用于肾动脉、股动脉或颈动脉等。此时,若第二径向支撑结构221的直径是第一径向支撑结构211的直径的1.3倍~1.8倍时,第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量略大于该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量,例如第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量至少是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量的1.2倍。若第二径向支撑结构221的直径是第一径向支撑结构211的直径的1.8倍~2倍时,第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量至少是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量的1.25倍。若第二径向支撑结构221的直径是第一径向支撑结构211的直径的2倍~3倍时,第二径向支撑结构221的径长变化量至少是该径向支撑段中第一径向支撑结构211的径长变化量的1.35倍。
在第二径向支撑结构221的一具体实施方式中,参见图10,第二径向支撑结构221包括至少一圈波形环状物2221,图中示出了四圈波形环状物2221,但是其仅用作举例,并不是对本发明的限制,本领域的技术人员可根据需要选择合适数量的波形环状物2221。该波形环状物2221可由金属丝绕制而成,例如可采用记忆合金(包括镍钛合金)丝绕制成预定波形而成,可选择丝径(即直径)为0.05mm~0.4mm的金属丝,该波形可以是Z形波、U形波或正弦波等。或者,也可采用金属管切割形成上述波形环状物,形成波形环状物的金属杆的线径为0.05mm~0.4mm。图中示出的为第二径向支撑结构221沿轴向展开的示意图,因此此处的轴向展开宽度D即为该第二径向支撑结构221处的第二管体22的周长。
另,若采用相同丝径的金属丝,则第二径向支撑结构221的径长越大,该第二径向支撑结构221的等效丝径越小,反之亦然。从这里可以看出,可通过增大第二径向支撑结构221的径长来达到减少丝径的效果。在其它条件相同的情况下,径向支撑结构的等效丝径越小,则该径向支撑结构的径向变形能力越大。
例如,在一具体实施方式中,若第一径向支撑结构与第二径向支撑结构具有相同的波形结构以及采用相同丝径的金属丝制成,则第二径向支撑结构因其具有较大的径长使其等效丝径小于第一径向支撑结构的等效丝径,从而使得第二径向支撑结构的径向变形能力大于第一径向支撑结构的径向变形能力。
具体地,当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为4~20mm时,形成波形的丝径介于0.05mm~0.32mm;当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为20~50mm时,绕制波形的丝径介于0.1mm~0.35mm;当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为50~80mm时,绕制波形的丝径介于0.2mm~0.4mm。上述丝径范围内的金属丝具有较高的弯曲柔顺性,由其绕制形成的波形环状物具有较好的径向变形能力。
任意一圈波形环状物2221包括多个波形,相邻的波形之间彼此连接。任一波形包括两个互连的支撑件,这两个支撑件彼此相邻且成一定夹角,该波形沿周向的最大宽度m与该波形所在的波形环状物对应的第二管体22的周长D 满足m≤D/12,且m介于1.5~8mm的范围内。具体地,m可以是相邻的两个支撑件之间最大的相对周向间距。
从以上可以看出,在一周向径向支撑结构中,例如一圈周向排布的波形环状物中,两个相邻的支撑件之间的最大周向间距满足m≤D/12,例如还可以是m≤D/8或m≤D/10或m≤D/13或m≤D/14。该最大周向间距(即波形沿周向的最大宽度)虽然无法提供足够的径向支撑力而固定于管腔中,但是也足以使得径向支撑结构贴覆管腔壁,且因最大周向间距较小而使得径向支撑结构能够嵌入细小的缝隙中,从而贴覆各种形貌的管腔内壁并避免内漏的形成。而管腔支架固定于管腔中所需的径向支撑力可由第一管体中的第一径向支撑结构提供。
为进一步提高第二径向支撑结构顺应管腔内壁的变形能力,可设置上述波形环状物的波形高度介于2~8mm。具体地,当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为4~20mm时,波形高度介于2mm~6mm;当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为20~50mm时,绕制波形的丝径介于3mm~7mm;当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为50~80mm时,绕制波形的丝径介于4mm~8mm。波形高度越小,顺应管腔内壁的形貌发生变形的能力越强。
波形环状物2221的至少一个波形具有内圆角2222,内圆角2222沿周向的最大宽度n满足n≤1.5mm。n值越小,第二管体22顺应管腔内壁的变形能力越强,则填充间隙的能力越强,因此封堵内漏的能力越强。
第二径向支撑结构221可包括多圈沿轴向排布的波形环状物2221,多圈波形环状物2221之间的排布方式有多种,例如,参见图10,第二径向支撑结构221至少包括相邻的两圈波形环状物2221,两者彼此间隔开且无区域重叠,即一圈波形环状物的任一波峰与相邻的另一圈波形环状物的任一波谷之间具有轴向间距,其中最小的轴向间距可小于3mm。为避免第二管体22短缩,还可设置连接杆2223,连接多个波形环状物2221。又例如,参见图11,第二径向支撑结构221至少包括相邻的两圈波形环状物2221,其中一圈波形环状物的波形嵌入相邻的另一圈波形环状物的波形中,即一圈波形环状物的任一波峰与相邻的另一圈波形环状物中最接近的一个波峰之间的轴向间距小于该圈波 形环状物的波形高度。以图中的波形环状物2221为例,其嵌入到轴向上相邻的另一波形环状物中,嵌入的深度H1满足H1≤H/3,其中H为该嵌入的波形环状物2221自身的波高(即波峰与波谷之间的轴向间距)。
第二实施例
参见图12,与第一实施例的管腔支架的区别在于,依据第二实施例的管腔支架2的第二管体22靠近近端23的管口与第一管体21的外周表面密封连接,形成封闭管口,第二管体22靠近远端24的管口开放。上述的第二管体22均位于第一管体21的近端23附近,但是本领域的技术人员应当知晓,图示仅用作举例,并不是对本发明的限制,本领域的技术人员可基于本发明的教导,将第二管体22设于第一管体21的远端24附近。
参见图13A和13B,具体地,第二管体22可进一步包括直管段221a、锥管段222a、以及连接段223a,连接段223a与第一管体21密封连接,锥管段222a连接连接段223a与直管段221a,第二管体的最大径长处位于直管段221a内,因此至少在直管段221a中设有第二径向支撑结构(图中未示出)。
植入后第二管体22顺应管腔12的内壁变形,连接段223a和锥管段222a因径长相对较小可能与管腔12内壁之间形成间隙20,直管段221a的径长相对较大且通过第二径向支撑结构可完全贴覆管腔12内壁,若在直管段221a植入的管腔12壁某处形貌不光滑,直管段221a可顺应形貌变形,但是直管段221a的其他部分依靠其径向膨胀性能仍能贴覆管腔12内壁。当血液流入管腔支架2时,血液同时流入连接段223a和锥管段222a与管腔12内壁可能形成的间隙20中,或者还可能流入直管段221a与管腔12内壁形成的间隙内(图中未详细示出);然而,直管段221a与管腔12内部贴覆的部分依靠其径向支撑力将阻碍血液进一步流入,置留在上述各间隙内的血液血栓化后形成密封,从而切断了形成I型内漏的通道或开口,避免血液流入瘤体或夹层18处。
第三实施例
参见图14,与第二实施例的管腔支架的区别在于,依据第三实施例的管腔支架2的第二管体22的两个管口均与第一管体21的外周表面密封连接,均形成两个封闭管口。此时,若第二管体22的两个管口均密封,则与第二实施 例类似,同样可以在植入后切断形成I型内漏的通道或开口。在此密封过程中,同样不需要事先在管腔12支架2中或植入后加入其它的密封或填充材料,只需正常血液循环中流入的血液即可实现密封,不会额外增加密封或填充材料带来的生物学风险。
第四实施例
第四实施例的管腔支架与第一实施例的管腔支架大致相同,不同之处在于,第二径向支撑结构包括网状结构,例如编织网状结构或切割网状结构。示例地,参见图15,第二管体22的径向支撑结构中包括编织网状结构;参见图16,第二管体22的径向支撑结构中包括切割网状结构。
参见图17和18,第二径向支撑结构221包括切割网状结构,具有多个网格2224。该网状结构可由金属网管切割形成,例如可由记忆合金(包括镍钛合金)网管经激光切割一体形成,该金属网管的厚度可以是0.05mm~0.4mm,切割中,围合形成上述网格2224的连接杆2225的直径可以为0.05mm~0.4mm。具体地,当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为4~20mm时,连接杆2225的直径介于0.05mm~0.32mm;当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为20~50mm时,连接杆2225的直径介于0.1mm~0.35mm;当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为50~80mm时,连接杆2225的直径介于0.2mm~0.4mm。上述丝径范围内的金属丝具有较高的弯曲柔顺性,由其绕制形成的波形环状物具有较好的径向变形能力。
切割形成的任一网格2224的最大宽度m1与该网格2224处的第二管体22的周长D满足m1≤D/12。具体地,当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为4~20mm时,满足m1≤D/12,且m1介于1.5~5mm的范围。当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为20~50mm时,满足m1≤D/13,且m1介于1.5~7mm的范围。当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为50~80mm时,满足m1≤D/14,且m1介于1.5~8mm的范围。m1越小,则填缝的效果越好。
为进一步提高第二径向支撑结构顺应管腔内壁的变形能力,可设置上述网格沿轴向的最大长度介于4~16mm。具体地,当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为4~20mm时,网格沿轴向的最大长度介于4~12mm。当第二径向支撑结 构221的径长为20~50mm时,网格沿轴向的最大长度介于6~14mm。当第二径向支撑结构221的径长为50~80mm时,网格沿轴向的最大长度介于8~16mm。
网状结构的至少一个网格2224具有内圆角2222,内圆角2222沿周向的最大宽度n1满足n1≤1.5mm。n1值越小,第二管体22顺应管腔内壁的变形能力越强,则填充间隙的能力越强,因此封堵内漏的能力越强。
第五实施例
第五实施例提供了一种管腔支架系统,该管腔支架系统包括至少一个依据上述第一实施例到第四实施例中任一的管腔支架2,其中可以是多个管腔支架2相互配合植入管腔中,也可以是一个或多个该管腔支架2与其它现有不具备第二径向支撑结构的管腔支架配合植入管腔中。为方便区分,以下将依据本发明实施例的管腔支架2统称为第一管腔支架2,其它现有不具备第二径向支撑结构的管腔支架可统称为第二管腔支架3。第一管腔支架2的数量至少为一个,即可以是一个或两个,甚至更多。例如,可采用一个常规的第二管腔支架3与一个依据本发明实施例的第一管腔支架2配合应用于烟囱技术、或潜望镜技术、或三明治技术中。又例如,可采用一个常规的第二管腔支架3与两个依据本发明实施例的第一管腔支架2配合应用于腹主动脉中,其中第二管腔支架3植入腹主动脉中,两个第一管腔支架2分别植入肾动脉中。以上仅用作举例,并不是对本发明的限制,本领域的技术人员可基于本发明的教导,根据具体的植入管腔情况,选择合适数量和类型的管腔支架形成管腔支架系统,配合植入,以确保血流通畅。
参见图19,主动脉弓191处通常具有三个分支血管,例如可采用烟囱技术在此处重建血流通道。图中的箭头为血流方向,以上已定义血流从近端流向远端。植入后,请一并参见图20,第一管腔支架2的近端和第二管腔支架3的近端开口朝向一致、且并排设于主动脉弓191血管中,其中第一管腔支架2为依据本发明实施例的、具有第一管体21和第二管体22的管腔支架,第二管腔支架3可选用一个第一管腔支架2,也可选用现有不具备第二径向支撑结构的管腔支架。在本图示中,第二管腔支架3为常规的覆膜支架,例如可以采用 直管型覆膜支架。第一管腔支架2的远端伸入一个分支血管,例如左锁骨下动脉192,血液可从主动脉弓191血管经由第一管腔支架2流入分支血管,从而重建分支血管通道。作为简略示意,图20中示出第一管腔支架2包括第一管体21和第二管体22,其中第二管体22覆盖第一管体21的一部分近端区域,但未覆盖第一管体21的近端端面,第一管腔支架2的具体结构参见图3。第一管腔支架2的近端与第二管腔支架3的近端并排设置,第二管体22的近端端面可与第二管腔支架3的近端端面基本齐平,第一管体21相对地向近端延伸突出。
参见图20,植入后,在管腔壁的径向压缩作用下,第一管腔支架2与第二管腔支架3的近端区域在主动脉弓191血管内相互径向挤压,在该径向支撑段内,作为主体支架的第二管腔支架3在作为分支支架的第一管腔支架2的挤压下顺应变形;为确保分支血血管血流通畅,第一管腔支架2的第一管体21具有较大的径向支撑力,可在挤压过程中避免管腔丢失,而第二管体22因径向支撑力较小,可同时顺应管腔壁形貌、以及第二管腔支架3的形貌变形,从而在第一管体21与第二管体22之间形成间隙20。该间隙20填充了现有技术中主体支架与分支支架之间的I型内漏通道,因该间隙20的一端开放、另一端封闭,因此流入该间隙20的血流可作为密封填充材料封堵I型内漏通道,避免血流进入瘤体或夹层处,同时确保第二管体22通畅,血流可顺利流入分支血管。进一步地,当血流冲向上述半封闭间隙20时,在压力作用下形成漩涡,改变血流方向,有利于血液流入第一管体21,促进分支血管内血流的通畅性并确保了分支血管中血流的流速。
参见图21,在另一示例中,可采用潜望镜技术重建血管通道,作为主体支架的第二管腔支架3的远端可与作为分支支架的第一管腔支架2的近端并排设置,图中箭头示出了血流方向,此处对于单个管腔支架而言,血液均从该管腔支架的近端流向远端。具体地,第一管腔支架2包括第一管体21和第二管体22,第二管体22覆盖第一管体21的一部分近端区域,但未覆盖第一管体21的近端端面。第一管腔支架2的近端与第二管腔支架3的远端并排设置,第二管体22的近端端面可与第二管腔支架3的远端端面基本齐平,第一管体 21相对第二管体22延伸突出。植入后,在管腔(例如主动脉弓191)壁的径向压缩作用下,可第二管腔支架3的远端、第一管体21、第二管体22以及管腔壁之间形成半封闭间隙(图中未示出),以及还将在第一管体21与第二管体22之间形成半封闭间隙(图中未示出),从而阻断I型内漏通道的产生,避免血液流入瘤体或夹层处。另外,血流可从第二管腔支架3的远端逆向进入第一管腔支架2的近端,如箭头A所示,在这种情形下,血流对上述半封闭间隙的冲击力较小,进一步可阻断I型内漏的形成。
第六实施例
参见图22,依据本发明实施例的管腔支架也可用于腹主动脉193处,若在腹主动脉193中植入支架,根据瘤体或夹层18的形貌,需考虑肾动脉和/或髂动脉两处分支血管。图中的箭头为血流方向,以上已定义,对于单个管腔支架而言,血流从近端流向远端。可采用多个第一管腔支架42,43和一个第二管腔支架41配合植入;其中第一管腔支架42,43为依据本发明实施例的具有第一管体和第二管体的管腔支架,第二管腔支架41可选用与第一管腔支架42,43类型相同或不同的管腔支架,在本图示中,第二管腔支架41为常规的覆膜支架,例如直管型覆膜支架。
参见图22和23,在肾动脉194,195处,两个第一管腔支架42,43和一个第二管腔支架41配合植入,两个第一管腔支架42,43的近端和第二管腔支架41的近端开口朝向一致、且并排设于腹主动脉血管193中,两个第一管腔支架42,43的远端分别伸入一个分支血管,即右肾动脉194或左肾动脉195,血液可从腹主动脉血管194经由第一管腔支架42,43流入分支血管。
具体地,第一管腔支架42包括第一管体421和第二管体422,第二管体422覆盖第一管体421的一部分近端区域,但未覆盖第一管体421的近端端面。第一管腔支架42的近端与第二管腔支架41的近端并排设置,第二管体422的近端端面可与第二管腔支架41的近端端面基本齐平,第一管体421相对地向近端延伸突出。同样地,第一管腔支架43包括第一管体431和第二管体432,第二管体432覆盖第一管体431的一部分近端区域,但未覆盖第一管体431的近端端面。第一管腔支架43的近端与第二管腔支架41的近端并排设置,第 二管体43的近端端面可与第二管腔支架41的近端端面基本齐平,第一管体431相对地向近端延伸突出。
参见图23,植入后,在腹主动脉血管193的管腔壁的径向压缩作用下,第一管腔支架42与第二管腔支架41的近端区域在腹主动脉血管193内相互径向挤压,在该径向支撑段内,作为主体支架的第二管腔支架41在作为分支支架的第一管腔支架42的挤压下顺应变形;为确保分支血血管血流通畅,第一管腔支架42的第一管体421具有较大的径向支撑力,可在挤压过程中避免管腔丢失,而第二管体422因径向支撑力较小,可顺应管腔壁形貌、以及顺应第二管腔支架41的形貌变形,从而在第一管体421与第二管体422之间形成间隙420。该间隙420填充了现有技术中主体支架与分支支架之间的I型内漏通道,而因该间隙420的一端开放、另一端封闭,因此流入该间隙420的血流可作为密封填充材料封堵I型内漏通道,同时确保第二管体422通畅,血流可顺利流入分支血管。进一步地,当血流冲向上述半封闭间隙420时,在压力作用下形成漩涡,改变血流方向,有利于血液流入第一管体421,促进分支血管内血流的通畅性并确保了分支血管血流的流速。同样地,第一管腔支架43的第一管体431与第二管体432之间也可形成间隙430,该间隙430填充了现有技术中主体支架与分支支架之间的I型内漏通道。
参见图22和24,在髂动脉196,197处,两个第一管腔支架44,45配合植入,两个第一管腔支架44,45的近端开口朝向一致、且并排设于腹主动脉血管193中,两个第一管腔支架44,45的远端分别伸入一个分支血管,即右髂动脉196或左髂动脉197,血液可从腹主动脉血管193经由第一管腔支架44,45流入分支血管196,197。
具体地,第一管腔支架44包括第一管体441和第二管体442,第二管体442覆盖第一管体441的一部分近端区域,但未覆盖第一管体441的近端端面;第一管腔支架45包括第一管体451和第二管体452,第二管体452覆盖第一管体451的一部分近端区域,但未覆盖第一管体451的近端端面。两个第一管腔支架44,45的近端并排设置,且近端端面基本齐平,例如两个第一管体441,451的近端端面基本齐平和/或两个第二管体442,452的近端端面基本齐 平。
参见图24,植入后,在腹主动脉血管193的管腔壁的径向压缩作用下,两个第一管腔支架44,45在腹主动脉血管193内相互径向挤压,在该径向支撑段内,两个第一管体441,451因径向支撑力相对较大而变形不明显,而两个第二管体442,452因径向支撑力较小,可顺应管腔壁形貌、以及顺应第一管体的形貌变形,从而在各自的第一管体与第二管体之间形成间隙,例如间隙440和450。该间隙的一端开放、另一端封闭,因此流入该间隙的血流可作为密封填充材料封堵I型内漏通道,避免血液流入瘤体或夹层处,同时确保血流可顺利流入两个第一管体。
第七实施例
参见图25,依据本发明第七实施例的管腔支架2与本发明第一实施例的管腔支架2大体上相似,其包括第一管体21和第二管体22,第二管体22套设于第一管体21外、并覆盖第一管体21的至少一部分,第二管体22的一端与第一管体21的外周表面密封连接;本实施例的管腔支架2与第一实施例的管腔支架2的区别之处仅在于,第七实施例的第一管体21的每一端均具有多个沿平行于第一管体21的纵向轴延伸的凸片27,且相邻两个凸片27之间均具有缝隙28。凸片27可以通过,例如去除第一实施例中的第一管体21的最靠近第一管体21的端部的波圈中的两个相邻的波峰之间的覆膜形成。本发明中的所述波圈是指围绕第一管体21的纵向中心轴的环形波状物。
当本实施例中的管腔支架2采用图19、图21或者图22所示的方法植入人体后,即使本实施例中的第一管体21的血流入口端的侧壁在血管内因主体支架及血管壁挤压而向管腔内汇聚在一起,血流也可以从而本实施例中的第一管体21的血流入口端的两个凸片211之间的缝隙28流入第一管体21的内部,从而避免了血流无法从因主体支架及血管壁的挤压而封闭的第一管体的血流入口端进入相应的分支血管的风险,提高了手术的安全有效性。需要说明的是,其他实施例中,比如在图3所示的第一管体21的血流入口端(即图3中第一管体21的左侧端)附近的覆膜(例如:从左至右数的第一圈波圈与血流入口端之间的覆膜或者从左至右数的第一圈波圈至第二圈波圈之间的覆膜)上形成 贯穿覆膜的孔,或者图3所示的第一管体21的靠近血流入口端(即图3中第一管体21的左侧端)的第一圈波圈未被覆膜全部覆盖(即从左至右数的第一圈波圈的朝向左侧的多个波峰裸露在外),也可以保证即使是在血流入口端的入口被血管堵塞的情况下,仍然可以有血流通过第一管体流向分支血管。
需要特别说明的是,图25中为了更清晰地显示出第一管体21的结构,特意采用简单的虚线来表示第二管体22,事实上,本实施例中的第二管体22与第一实施例中的第二管体22相同;本实施例中的第一管体21与第一实施例中的第一管体21大体上相似,区别之处仅在于,本实施例中的第一管体21的两端均具有多个凸片27,也就是说,将第一实施例中的第一管体21的两端中每端最靠近相应端部的波圈中的每两个相邻的波峰之间的薄膜均去除即可得到本实施例中的第一管体21,即将第一实施例中的管腔支架2的第一管体21的每端最靠近相应端部的波圈中的每两个相邻的波峰之间的薄膜均去除即可得到本实施例中的管腔支架2。
可以理解的是,其他实施例中,根据实际需要,也可以仅在第一管体21的血流入口端形成多个凸片27,也就是说,第一管体21的血流出口端可以不设置多个凸片211。
还可以理解的是,其他实施例中,也可以根据需要,将第一实施例中的第一管体21的最靠近血流入口端的波圈中,一对相邻的波峰之间的薄膜可以不去除,只要该多个波峰中,至少两对相邻的波峰之间的薄膜去除即可,即可以形成多个凸片即可。
第八实施例
参见图26,依据本发明第八实施例的管腔支架2与本发明第七实施例的管腔支架2大体上相似,其包括第一管体21和第二管体22,第二管体22套设于第一管体21外、并覆盖第一管体21的至少一部分,第二管体22的一端与第一管体21的外周表面密封连接;本发明第八实施例的管腔支架2与第七实施例中的管腔支架的区别之处仅在于,本实施例中的第一管体21的除两端头的波圈之外的每圈波圈23均夹设于一个环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210之间,且每个波圈218的波峰裸露在外,每个波圈218的波谷均被相应的环形 外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210包覆(参阅图27及图28)。环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210可以是PET膜或PTFE膜,可通过缝合或热熔方式使得环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210夹持第一管体21的波圈。
请参阅图29,由于每个波圈的波峰裸露在外(也就是说,每个波圈的波峰均未被环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210包覆),每个波圈的波峰可以与环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210相分离(也就是说,每个波圈的波峰可以相对环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210翘起),如此,待第一管体21被弯曲时,在小弯侧,相邻两个波圈中,一个波圈可以和另一个波圈交叠,从而提高了第一管体21的柔软性。本发明中,所述小弯侧是指第一管体21被弯曲时,弯曲半径小的一侧。此外,正是由于小弯侧的波峰裸露在外,所以弯曲的过程中,小弯侧的波峰不易刺穿筒形内覆膜,提高了第一管体21的使用寿命。
可以理解的是,其他实施例中,也可以仅使得第一管体21的小弯侧的波峰裸露,也可以实现本发明的目的。
第九实施例
参见图30,依据本发明第九实施例的管腔支架2与本发明第七实施例的管腔支架2大体上相似,其包括第一管体21和第二管体22,第二管体22套设于第一管体21外、并覆盖第一管体21的至少一部分,第二管体22的一端与第一管体21的外周表面密封连接。本发明第九实施例的管腔支架2与第七实施例中的管腔支架的区别之处仅在于,本实施例中的第一管体21的除两端头的波圈之外的每圈波圈218均夹设于一个环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210之间,且环形外覆膜219位于其所夹持的波圈218的波峰与波谷之间,波圈218的波峰与波谷均裸露在外。环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210可以是PET膜或PTFE膜,可通过缝合或热熔方式使得环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210夹持第一管体21的波圈。
由于每个波圈的波峰和波谷裸露在外(也就是说,每个波圈的波峰及波谷均未被环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210包覆),每个波圈的波峰及波谷均可以与环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210相分离(也就是说,每个波圈的波峰与波谷均可以相对环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210翘起),如此,待第一管体 21被弯曲时,在小弯侧,相邻两个波圈中,一个波圈可以和另一个波圈交叠,从而提高了第一管体21的柔软性。此外,正是由于波圈的波峰与波谷裸露在外,所以弯曲的过程中,波圈的波峰或者波谷不易刺穿筒形内覆膜,提高了第一管体21的使用寿命。
优选地,环形外覆膜219沿第一管体21的纵向中心轴线方向的宽度大于或者等于其所夹持的波圈的波峰与波谷之间的沿第一管体21的纵向中心轴线方向的距离的三分之一,且小于或者等于其所夹持的波圈的波峰与波谷之间的沿第一管体21的纵向中心轴线方向的距离至三分之二,以保证波圈无法从覆膜上脱离的同时,又裸露出波圈的波峰及波谷。
可以理解的是,其他实施例中,也可以仅使得第一管体21的小弯侧的波峰裸露,也可以实现本发明的目的。
第十实施例
参见图31,依据本发明第十实施例的管腔支架2与本发明第一实施例的管腔支架2大体上相似,其包括第一管体21和第二管体22,第二管体22套设于第一管体21外、并覆盖第一管体21的至少一部分,第二管体22的一端与第一管体21的外周表面密封连接;本实施例的管腔支架2与第一实施例的管腔支架2的区别之处仅在于,第十实施例的第一管体21包括筒形内覆膜210、第一波圈组211、第二波圈组212、第三波圈组213、第四波圈组214及设于波圈组上的环形外覆膜219。其中,第二波圈组212位于第一波圈组211与第三波圈组213之间,第三波圈组213位于第二波圈组212及之间,且四组波圈组之间通过方形连接环215相连,也就是说,第一波圈组211、第二波圈组212、第三波圈组213、第四波圈组214沿第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向依次排列。环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210可以是PET膜或PTFE膜,可通过缝合或热熔方式使得环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210夹持第一管体21的波圈。可以理解的是,第一波圈组211、第二波圈组212、第三波圈组213、第四波圈组214即为第一管体21的裸支架的一部分。
请一并参阅图32,第一波圈组211包括相连的第一波圈211a、第二波圈211b及第三波圈211c。第一波圈211a具有两个相邻的较高波峰2111、多个较 低波峰2112、及多个波谷2113;多个较低波峰2112在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐,多个波谷2113在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐,且多个较低波峰2112位于多个较高波峰2111和多个波谷2113之间。第二波圈211b的多个波峰、第三波圈211c的多个波峰及多个较低波峰2112在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐。第二波圈211b的多个波谷、第三波圈211c的多个波谷及多个波谷2113在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐。
第二波圈组212包括相连的第一波圈212a、第二波圈212b及第三波圈212c。第一波圈212a具有一个较高波峰2121、多个较低波峰2122、及多个波谷2123;多个较低波峰2122在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐,多个波谷2123在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐,且多个较低波峰2122位于较高波峰2121和多个波谷2123之间。较高波峰2121与第一波圈211a的相邻两个较高波峰2111之间的波谷2113勾绕连接为一体,以将第一波圈211a与第一波圈212a相连,即将第一波圈组211与第二波圈组212相连。第二波圈212b的多个波峰、第三波圈212c的多个波峰及多个较低波峰2122在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐。第二波圈212b的多个波谷、第三波圈212c的多个波谷及多个波谷2123在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐。
第三波圈组213包括相连的第一波圈213a、第二波圈213b及第三波圈213c。第一波圈213a具有两个相邻的较高波峰2131、多个较低波峰2132、及多个波谷2133;多个较低波峰2132在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐,多个波谷2133在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐,且多个较低波峰2132位于多个较高波峰2131和多个波谷2133之间。第一波圈213a的两个较高波峰2131中,左侧的波峰2131与第一波圈212a的距较高波峰2121最近的左侧的波谷2113勾绕在一起,右侧的波峰2131与第一波圈212a的距较高波峰2121最近的右侧的波谷2113勾绕在一起,以将第一波圈212a与第一波圈213a相连,即将第二波圈组212与第三波圈组213相连。第二波圈213b的多个波峰、第三波圈213c的多个波峰及多个较低波峰2132在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐。第二波圈213b的多个波谷、第三波圈213c的多个波谷及多个波谷2133在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐。
第四波圈组214包括相连的第一波圈214a、第二波圈214b及第三波圈214c。第一波圈214a具有一个较高波峰2141、多个较低波峰2142、及多个波谷2143;多个较低波峰2142在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐,多个波谷2143在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐,且多个较低波峰2142位于较高波峰2141和多个波谷2143之间。较高波峰2141与第三波圈213a的相邻两个较高波峰2131之间的波谷2133勾绕连接为一体,以将第三波圈213a与第四波圈212a相连,即将第一波圈组211与第二波圈组212相连。第二波圈214b的多个波峰、第三波圈214c的多个波峰及多个较低波峰2142在第一管体21的纵向中心轴方向平齐。第二波圈214b的多个波谷、第三波圈214c的多个波谷及多个波谷2143的纵向中心轴方向平齐。
如此,第一波圈组211、第二波圈组212、第三波圈组213、第四波圈组214之间即可由方形连接环215连为一体。
可以理解的是,每个波圈组中,第二波圈和/或第三波圈可以省略不要,只要每个波圈组中均有第一波圈,且四个波圈组可以通过方形连接环相连即可。还可以理解的是,四个波圈组中,也可以有一个、两个或者三个波圈组中,第二波圈和/或第三波圈省略不要,只要每个波圈组中均有第一波圈,且四个第一波圈可以通过方形连接环相连即可。还可以理解的是,第一波圈组211中,也可以没有第一波圈和/或第二波圈,此时,第三波圈的波谷也可以与第二波圈组的较高波峰勾绕,以连接第一波圈组及第二波圈组。
每个波圈组上还设有环形外覆膜219,且环形外覆膜219位于其所夹持的波圈组的波峰与波谷之间,波圈组的波峰与波谷均裸露在外。
由于每个波圈组的波峰和波谷裸露在外(也就是说,每个波圈组的波峰及波谷均未被环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210),每个波圈组的波峰及波谷均可以与环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210相分离(也就是说,每个波圈组的波峰与波谷均可以相对环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210翘起),如此,待第一管体21被弯曲时,在小弯侧,相邻两个波圈组中,一个波圈组可以和另一个波圈组交叠,从而提高了第一管体21的柔软性。此外,正是由于波圈组的波峰与波谷裸露在外,所以弯曲的过程中,波圈组的波峰或者波谷不易刺穿筒形 内覆膜,提高了第一管体21的使用寿命。
优选地,本实施例中,第一管体21两端的波圈均被环形外覆膜219覆盖,也就是说,两端的波圈均被环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210,如此,可以更好地提高第一罐体21的柔性。此外,本实施例中,波圈组之间不仅通过环形外覆膜219及筒形内覆膜210相连为一体,还通过方形连接环215相连为一体,故,在增加了第一管体21的稳定性的同时,还提高了第一管体21的柔性,延长了第一管体21的使用寿命。
可以理解的是,其他实施例中,第一管体的裸支架也可以包括经由方形连接环相连的第一波圈组、第二波圈组、第三波圈组及第四波圈组。
综上,依据本发明实施例的管腔支架包括第一管体和覆盖第一管体至少一部分径向支撑段的第二管体,当管腔支架植入后,可在第一管体和第二管体之间形成半封闭的间隙,或在第二管体与管腔壁之间形成半封闭的间隙,流入上述间隙的血液可作为填充材料封堵I型内漏通道,避免血液流入瘤体或夹层处。
另,第一管体和第二管体均具有径向支撑能力,即均具有径向支撑力,因此植入管腔后在管腔壁的径向压缩下仍能通过其径向支撑力与管腔壁贴覆;同时,在血流的冲击下,第一管体和第二管体均能保持径向支撑形貌,避免褶皱、内翻、坍塌等变形的发生,尤其是可以确保管腔支架的近端端面处不发生变形,从而避免流入管腔的血液受阻。
另,第二管体相比第一管体相具有较大的径向变形能力,因此在管腔壁的径向压缩作用下,第一管体可确保管腔不丢失而保持血流通畅,而第二管体可在确保贴覆管腔壁的同时顺应管腔壁和第一管体变形,通过第一管体与第二管体之间的间隙、或者第二管体与管腔壁之间的间隙阻止I型内漏的形成。
另,依据本发明实施例的支架系统中,依据本发明实施例的管腔支架可与其它常规管腔支架配合,或多个依据本发明实施例的管腔支架彼此配合,植入具有分支血管的管腔处,在隔绝瘤体或夹层的同时确保分支血管的血流通畅,且防止I型内漏的形成。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种管腔支架,其特征在于,包括第一管体和第二管体,所述第二管体套设于所述第一管体外,且至少一端与所述第一管体的外表面密封连接;所述管腔支架具有径向支撑段;在该径向支撑段内,所述第一管体包括至少一个沿其周向排布的第一径向支撑结构,所述第二管体包括至少一个沿其周向排布的第二径向支撑结构和覆盖所述第二径向支撑结构的覆膜,且所述第二径向支撑结构的径向变形能力大于所述第一径向支撑结构的径向变形能力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,在相同径向力作用下,所述第二径向支撑结构的径长变化量大于所述第一径向支撑结构的径长变化量;或者,在相同径向力作用下,所述第二径向支撑结构的径长变化率大于所述第一径向支撑结构的径长变化率;或者,在发生相同径向变化率或相同径向变化量时,所述第一径向支撑结构需要的径向外力比所述第二径向支撑结构需要的径向外力大。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,在相同的径向力作用下,所述第一径向支撑结构的径长变化量或径长变化率分别是该第二径向支撑结构的径长变化量或径长变化率的1.05倍~10倍或2倍~5倍。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,在发生相同径向变化率或相同径向变化量时,所述第一径向支撑结构需要的径向外力是所述第二径向支撑结构需要的径向外力的1.05倍~10倍或2倍~5倍。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,自然展开状态下,在所述径向支撑段中的同一位置处,所述第二管体的径长是所述第一管体的径长的1.3倍~3倍。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,自然展开状态下,在所述径向支撑段中的同一位置处,所述第二管体的径长比所述第一管体的径长大2~30mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述第二管体的另一端开放;或者所述第二管体的另一端与所述第一管体的外表面密封连 接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述第二管体的最大径长处位于所述径向支撑段内,且所述最大径长处设有所述第二支撑结构。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述第二管体的最大径长处位于所述第二管体开放一端的端口附近;或者位于第二管体的中间部分。
  10. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述第二径向支撑结构为波形环状物,在自然展开状态下,所述波形环状物的任一波形沿周向的最大宽度m与该波形处的第二管体的周长D满足m≤D/8或m≤D/10或m≤D/12或m≤D/13或m≤D/14。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,在自然展开状态下,所述波形环状物的任一波形沿周向的最大宽度m为1.5~5mm、或1.5~7mm、或1.5~8mm。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述波形环状物由金属丝绕制形成,所述金属丝的直径为0.05~0.32mm、或0.1~0.35mm、或0.2~0.4mm;或者,所述波形环状物由金属管切割形成,形成所述波形环状物的金属杆的线径为0.05~0.32mm、或0.1~0.35mm、或0.2~0.4mm。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述波形的波形高度为2~6mm、或3~7mm、或4~8mm。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,至少一圈所述波形环状物的任一波峰与相邻的另一圈所述波形环状物中最接近的一个波峰之间的轴向间距小于该圈波形环状物的波形高度。
  15. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述第二径向支撑结构为包括多个网格的网状结构,在自然展开状态下,任一所述网格沿周向的最大宽度m1与该网格处的第二管体的周长D满足m1≤D/12或m1≤D/13或m1≤D/14。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,在自然展开状态下,任一所述网格沿周向的最大宽度m1为1.5~5mm、或1.5~7mm、或1.5~8mm。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,在自然展开状态下,任一所述网格沿轴向的最大长度为4~12mm、或6~14mm、或8~16mm。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,在所述径向支撑段中,所述第一管体还包括覆盖第一径向支撑结构的覆膜。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述第一管体的至少一端具有多个沿平行于所述第一管体的纵向轴延伸的凸片,且相邻两个凸片之间均具有缝隙。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述第一管体包括四个沿所述第一管体的纵向中心轴方向依次排列的波圈,四个所述波圈通过方形连接环相连。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述第一管体包括筒形内覆膜、波圈及环形外覆膜,所述波圈夹设在筒形内覆膜及环形外覆膜之间,且所述波圈的至少部分波峰和/或波谷裸露在外。
  22. 根据权利要求1所述的管腔支架,其特征在于,所述第一管体上设有覆膜,所述第一管体端部附近的覆膜上形成有贯穿覆膜的孔或者所述第一管体的靠近所述第一管体端部的波圈未被覆膜全部覆盖。
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EP3733135A4 (en) * 2017-12-28 2021-10-20 Kawasumi Laboratories, Inc. TUBULAR IMPLANT AND DEVICE FOR IMPLANTING A TUBULAR IMPLANT
JP7264399B2 (ja) 2017-12-28 2023-04-25 Sbカワスミ株式会社 管状留置具及び管状留置具留置装置
EP3747399A1 (de) 2019-06-04 2020-12-09 Bentley InnoMed GmbH Stentgraft mit dichtungselement

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CN105496603A (zh) 2016-04-20
EP3398564A1 (en) 2018-11-07
US20190015227A1 (en) 2019-01-17
PL3398564T3 (pl) 2022-12-19
ES2928776T3 (es) 2022-11-22
US10624768B2 (en) 2020-04-21
EP3398564A4 (en) 2019-08-14
EP3398564B1 (en) 2022-10-05

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