WO2017113465A1 - 毫米波全息三维成像检测系统和方法 - Google Patents

毫米波全息三维成像检测系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017113465A1
WO2017113465A1 PCT/CN2016/072411 CN2016072411W WO2017113465A1 WO 2017113465 A1 WO2017113465 A1 WO 2017113465A1 CN 2016072411 W CN2016072411 W CN 2016072411W WO 2017113465 A1 WO2017113465 A1 WO 2017113465A1
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Prior art keywords
millimeter wave
signal
frequency
wave transceiver
holographic
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PCT/CN2016/072411
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
祁春超
赵术开
贾成艳
吴光胜
丁庆
刘俊成
刘贝贝
张艳东
刘艳丽
Original Assignee
深圳市太赫兹科技创新研究院
深圳市无牙太赫兹科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市太赫兹科技创新研究院, 深圳市无牙太赫兹科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市太赫兹科技创新研究院
Priority to EP16880275.9A priority Critical patent/EP3399332A4/en
Priority to US16/066,629 priority patent/US11313963B2/en
Publication of WO2017113465A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017113465A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/9004—SAR image acquisition techniques
    • G01S13/9011—SAR image acquisition techniques with frequency domain processing of the SAR signals in azimuth
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0654—Imaging
    • G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/352—Receivers
    • G01S7/356—Receivers involving particularities of FFT processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
    • G01S7/352—Receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • G01S13/426—Scanning radar, e.g. 3D radar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/887—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection system and method, in particular to a millimeter wave three-dimensional imaging system and method based on linear frequency modulation technology, superheterodyne detection principle and holographic imaging principle.
  • Millimeter waves have frequencies from 30 GHz to 300 GHz (wavelengths from 1 mm to 10 mm), and in practical engineering applications, the low-end frequencies of millimeter waves are often reduced to 26 GHz.
  • the position of the millimeter wave frequency is between the microwave and the infrared.
  • millimeter waves are typically characterized by short wavelengths, wide frequency bandwidths (with a wide use of space), and propagation characteristics in the atmosphere.
  • millimeter wave has the ability to work around the clock and can be used in harsh environments such as smoke, clouds and the like.
  • millimeter waves take into account the advantages of microwaves and also have some advantages not available in low-band microwaves.
  • the millimeter wave mainly has the following characteristics: 1. High precision, millimeter wave radar is easier to obtain narrow beam and large absolute bandwidth, which makes the millimeter wave radar system more resistant to electronic interference; In the Leder radar, the Doppler frequency resolution of the millimeter wave is high; 3. In the millimeter wave imaging system, the millimeter wave is sensitive to the shape and structure of the target, and the ability to distinguish the metal target from the background environment is strong, and the obtained image resolution is high. Therefore, the target recognition and detection ability can be improved. 4, millimeter wave can penetrate the plasma; 5. Compared with the infrared laser, the millimeter wave is less affected by the harsh natural environment; 6.
  • millimeter wave system is small in size and light in weight, so Compared to microwave circuits, millimeter-wave circuits are much smaller in size, making millimeter-wave systems easier to integrate. It is these unique properties that give the wide application prospects of millimeter wave technology, especially in the field of non-destructive testing and security inspection.
  • millimeter-wave imaging systems used a single-channel mechanical scanning system, which was simple in structure but long in scanning time.
  • Millivision has developed the Veta125 imager, which has an 8 ⁇ 8 array receiving mechanism in addition to the emission scanning system, but this imager is more suitable for outdoor remote monitoring and field of view. Less than 50 cm.
  • Trex has also developed a PMC-2 imaging system in which the antenna unit uses a 3mm phased array antenna.
  • the PMC-2 imaging system uses a millimeter wave with a center frequency of 84 GHz. The operating frequency of this imaging system is higher due to its proximity to the terahertz band.
  • Lockheed Martin has also developed a focal plane imaging array imaging system that uses a millimeter wave center frequency of 94GHz.
  • TRW has developed a passive millimeter wave imaging system that uses a millimeter wave center frequency of 89 GHz.
  • the imaging systems of Lockheed Martin and TRW have smaller field of view, usually less than 50 cm.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection system with simple structure, high resolution and short imaging time.
  • a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection system comprising: a transmitting antenna for transmitting a millimeter wave transmitting signal to a measured object; and a receiving antenna for receiving an echo returned from the measured object a signal; a millimeter wave transceiver module configured to generate a millimeter wave transmission signal transmitted to the object to be measured and receive and process an echo signal from the receiving antenna; and a scanning device for supporting the millimeter wave transceiver module, the transmitting antenna, and the receiving antenna And move the millimeter wave transceiver module according to the preset trajectory An antenna and a receiving antenna for scanning an object to be measured by using a millimeter wave; a data acquisition and processing module for acquiring and processing an echo signal output from the millimeter wave transceiver module to generate a three-dimensional image of the object to be measured; and an image display unit Used to display three-dimensional images generated by the data acquisition and processing module.
  • one of the millimeter wave transceiver module, one of the transmitting antennas and one of the receiving antennas constitutes a millimeter wave transceiver unit; and a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna in the millimeter wave transceiver unit
  • the directions are the same; N of the millimeter wave transceiver units are arranged in the same direction to form a row of millimeter wave transceiver systems, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • the scanning device comprises: each of the plane detecting panels for supporting the row of millimeter wave transceiver systems, and the rows of the millimeter wave transceiver systems accommodated by the two plane detecting panels are opposite to each other, and the object to be tested is placed in two Between the block plane detecting panels; two pairs of rails are respectively disposed on two sides of each of the plane detecting panels, and each pair of rails cooperate with each other to restrict a row of millimeter wave transceiver systems supported by the corresponding plane detecting panels from moving along a preset trajectory; a motor for driving the row of millimeter wave transceiver systems to move along a trajectory of the corresponding rail.
  • each of the plane detecting panels is provided with N millimeter wave transceiver modules, N transmitting antennas and N receiving antennas, and each millimeter wave transceiver module corresponds to one transmitting antenna and one receiving antenna, and N millimeter wave transceiver modules are arranged side by side.
  • N transmit antennas are arranged side by side to form a transmit antenna array
  • N receive antennas are arranged side by side to form a receive antenna array where N is an integer greater than or equal to two.
  • the row of millimeter wave transceiver systems according to the timing control causes the N millimeter wave transceiver units to perform transmission and reception of millimeter waves one by one in a preset order.
  • the millimeter wave transceiver module includes: a transmission link, configured to generate a millimeter wave transmission signal transmitted to the object to be tested according to the first signal source;
  • a receiving link configured to generate, according to the second signal source, the first signal source, a signal coherent with the received echo signal, and after processing the echo signal, send the data to the data acquisition And processing module;
  • the first signal source is a frequency modulation signal source operating in a first frequency range; the second signal source is a point frequency signal source operating at a first frequency.
  • the transmitting link includes: a first directional coupler, an input end of the first directional coupler is connected to the first signal source, and the through end is connected to the first power amplifier; the first power amplifier is opposite to the first orientation The power of the output signal of the coupler is amplified to achieve a safe input power range of the first doubler; and the first double frequency multiplier doubling the signal output by the first power amplifier to the second frequency range, The signal after the double frequency is output to the transmitting antenna.
  • the receiving link includes: a second directional coupler, the input end of the second directional coupler is connected to the second signal source; and the first mixer, the local oscillator end of the first mixer is connected to the second directional coupling a straight end of the device, the RF end is connected to the coupling end of the first directional coupler to generate a difference frequency signal of the first signal source and the second signal source; the second power amplifier, the input end of the second power amplifier is connected to the The intermediate frequency end of a mixer receives the difference frequency signal, and amplifies the power of the difference frequency signal to reach the safe input power range of the second second frequency multiplier; the second second frequency multiplier and the second second frequency multiplier The input end is connected to the output of the second power amplifier, and the output signal of the second power amplifier is doubled to the second frequency; the second mixer, the local end of the second mixer is connected to the second second frequency At the output end of the device, the RF end receives the echo signal received by the receiving antenna to generate the first down-converted signal; the third mixer
  • the receiving link further includes: a low noise amplifier, the input end of the low noise amplifier is connected to the intermediate frequency end of the third mixer, and the received secondary down-converted signal is amplified and output to data acquisition and processing. Module.
  • the first frequency range is 13.5 GHz - 16.5 GHz
  • the second frequency range is 27 GHz - 33 GHz
  • the first frequency is 35 MHz
  • the second frequency is 70 MHz.
  • a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting method for performing an object to be measured by using the above-described millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting system, comprising the following steps: a scanning device moving a millimeter wave transceiver module, a transmitting antenna, and receiving The antenna scans the object to be measured; the millimeter wave transceiver module generates a millimeter wave transmission signal; the transmitting antenna transmits the millimeter wave transmission signal generated by the millimeter wave transceiver module to the object to be measured; the receiving antenna receives the echo signal returned by the object to be tested and returns The wave signal is sent to the millimeter wave transceiver module; the millimeter wave transceiver module processes the echo signal and sends it to the data acquisition and processing module; the data acquisition and processing module processes the signal from the millimeter wave transceiver module to generate a three-dimensional object to be measured.
  • An image; and the image display unit displays the three-
  • an echo signal from the millimeter wave transceiver module is acquired, the echo signal is correlated with the spatial position signal, and then Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform are performed to obtain a three-dimensional image. .
  • the technical scheme of the invention simplifies the system structure, improves the resolution, shortens the imaging time, and has a larger field of view.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the composition of a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural schematic view of a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit connection diagram of a millimeter wave transceiver module and a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna in the millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a holographic three-dimensional imaging algorithm performed in the data acquisition and processing module of the millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional object imaging of the millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting method of the present invention.
  • the millimeter wave imaging system is mainly divided into millimeter wave active imaging and millimeter wave passive imaging.
  • the advantage of this passive millimeter wave imaging system is that the structure is relatively simple and the implementation cost is low.
  • the disadvantage is that the imaging time is too long and the imaging resolution is poor.
  • millimeter wave active imaging has begun to receive more and more attention.
  • active synthetic aperture imaging and active holographic imaging are the main imaging systems.
  • the method of millimeter wave holography is derived from the method of optical holography.
  • the millimeter wave holography uses the principle of coherence of electromagnetic waves.
  • the transmitter will emit a highly stable millimeter wave signal
  • the receiver will receive the transmitted signal at each point on the target and
  • the echo signal is coherently processed with the highly coherent reference signal, and the amplitude and phase information of the echo signal are extracted to obtain the emission characteristics at the target point.
  • the target millimeter in the scene can be obtained by the method of data and image processing.
  • Wave image Millimeter-wave active holographic imaging has a good resolution of millimeter-wave images. Compared with mechanical scanning, it can greatly shorten the imaging time and can be engineered. Therefore, millimeter-wave holographic imaging is especially suitable for millimeter-wave short-range active imaging.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the composition of a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting system of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is the invention A structural schematic of a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection system.
  • the millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection system of the present invention comprises: a transmitting antenna 14 for transmitting a millimeter wave transmitting signal to a measured object; and a receiving antenna 15 for receiving an echo signal returned from the measured object.
  • the millimeter wave transceiver module 11 is configured to generate a millimeter wave transmission signal transmitted to the object to be measured and receive and process the echo signal from the receiving antenna 15;
  • the scanning device 10 is configured to support the millimeter wave transceiver module 11, the transmitting antenna 14 and Receiving the antenna 15, and moving the millimeter wave transceiver module 11, the transmitting antenna 14 and the receiving antenna 15 according to a preset trajectory to realize scanning the object to be measured by using millimeter waves; and the data collecting and processing module 12 for collecting and processing the transmitting and receiving from the millimeter wave
  • the echo signal output by the module 11 to generate a three-dimensional image of the object under test; and an image display unit 13 for displaying the three-dimensional image generated by the data acquisition and processing module 12.
  • the scanning device 10 is composed of a vertical direction guide rail 21, a motor (for example, a stepping motor) 22, and a plane detecting panel 23.
  • the scanning device 10 includes two plane detecting panels 23 to support the millimeter wave transceiver module 11, the transmitting antenna 14 and the receiving antenna 15, and the object 24 to be tested is placed between the two plane detecting panels 23.
  • the scanning device 10 further includes two pairs of guide rails 21 respectively disposed on two sides of each of the plane detecting panels 23, and each pair of rails cooperate with each other to limit the millimeter wave transceiver module 11, the transmitting antenna 14, and the receiving antenna 15 supported by the corresponding plane detecting panel. Move up and down along the guide rail 21.
  • the scanning device 10 further includes a control motor 22 located beside the detecting panel 23 for controlling the up and down movement of the millimeter wave transceiver module 11, the transmitting antenna 14 and the receiving antenna 15 along the guide rail 21, thereby scanning the object 24 to be scanned up and down.
  • a control motor 22 located beside the detecting panel 23 for controlling the up and down movement of the millimeter wave transceiver module 11, the transmitting antenna 14 and the receiving antenna 15 along the guide rail 21, thereby scanning the object 24 to be scanned up and down.
  • the two plane detecting panels 23 are arranged in parallel.
  • N millimeter wave transceiver modules 11, N transmitting antennas 14, and N receiving antennas 15 are disposed on each plane detecting panel 23, and each millimeter wave transceiver module 11 corresponds to one transmitting antenna 14 and one Receiving antenna 15, N millimeter wave transceiver modules 11 are arranged side by side to form a row of millimeter wave transceiver systems, N transmitting antennas 14 are arranged side by side to form a transmitting antenna array, and N receiving antennas 15 are arranged side by side to form a receiving antenna array, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
  • a millimeter wave transceiver module 11, a transmitting antenna 14 and a receiving antenna 15 form a millimeter wave transceiver unit; as shown in FIG. 2, the direction of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna in the millimeter wave transceiver unit The same and located in the same column in the antenna array; N of the millimeter wave transceiver units are arranged in the same direction (for example, in the horizontal direction) to form a row of millimeter wave transceiver systems, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Still referring to FIG.
  • the directions of the rows of millimeter wave transceiver systems supported by the two plane detecting panels 23 are opposite to each other, that is, the directions of the antenna arrays of the rows of millimeter wave transceiver systems supported by the two plane detecting panels 23 are opposite to each other. So, by moving the two plane detecting panels 23 up and down The two rows of millimeter wave transceiver systems can scan the position information of the two surfaces opposite to each other, thereby providing a data basis for the subsequent data acquisition and processing module 12 to synthesize a complete three-dimensional image of the measured object.
  • the above-described row of millimeter wave transceiver systems are based on timing control such that the N millimeter wave transceiver units perform transmission and reception of millimeter waves one by one in a preset order. That is, the N millimeter wave transceiver modules 11 are controlled in time series to perform transmission and reception of millimeter waves one by one, thereby completing horizontal scanning of the object to be measured.
  • control of the N millimeter wave transceiver modules 11 can be accomplished by a single pole multi-throw switch, although any timing control device known in the art can be utilized.
  • the measured object can also be moved to increase the imaging speed.
  • the number of millimeter wave transceiver modules 11 and corresponding transmit antennas 14 and receive antennas 15 included in a row of millimeter wave transceiver systems may be set according to parameters such as the width of the plane detection panel 23 and the imaging speed to be achieved, and the plane.
  • the width of the detection panel 23 can in turn be determined according to the size of the object 24 to be measured.
  • the distance between the plane detecting panel 23 and the object 24 to be measured can be determined according to an index such as an antenna parameter.
  • a 1 row millimeter wave transceiver system may include 64 millimeter wave transceiver modules 11 and 128 antennas, wherein 1-64 transmit antennas form a transmit antenna array 14 for continuously transmitting linear frequency modulation generated by 64 millimeter wave transceiver modules 11 The wave is radiated onto the target 24 to be measured, and 65-128 receiving antennas constitute the receiving antenna array 15 for receiving the signal reflected back by the measured object and transmitting it to the 64 millimeter wave transceiver module 11.
  • Each of the transmitting antennas corresponds to one receiving antenna, and the transmitting antennas 1, 2, 3, ..., 63, and 64 correspond to the receiving antennas 65, 66, 67, ..., 127, and 128, respectively.
  • the 64 millimeter wave transceiver modules 11 do not operate at the same time, but are controlled, for example, by a two-layer single-pole multi-throw switch, so that they are transmitted and received one by one.
  • FIG 3 is a circuit connection diagram of the millimeter wave transceiver module 11 and the transmitting antenna 305 and the receiving antenna 306 in the millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting system of the present invention; wherein the millimeter wave transceiver module 11 includes:
  • a transmitting link configured to generate, according to the first signal source 301, a millimeter wave transmitting signal transmitted to the object to be tested;
  • a receiving link configured to generate, according to the second signal source 307, the first signal source 301, a signal coherent with the received echo signal, and after processing the echo signal, send the signal to the Data acquisition and processing module;
  • the first signal source 301 is a frequency modulation signal source operating in a first frequency range; the second signal source 307 is a point frequency signal source operating at a first frequency.
  • the millimeter wave transceiver module 11 includes:
  • the transmit link includes: a signal source 301, a directional coupler 302, a power amplifier 303, a double frequency multiplier 304 for generating a millimeter wave transmit signal transmitted to the object under test 24, and a receive link including: a signal source 307, orientation
  • the coupler 309, the mixers 310, 312, 313, the power amplifiers 311, 314, the doubler 312, 315, and the low noise amplifier 317 are configured to receive the echo signals returned by the object 24 to be measured and perform the echo signals. Processing is sent to the data acquisition and processing module 12.
  • the signal source 301 is a frequency modulated signal source whose operating frequency is in a certain frequency range (for example, 13.5 GHz to 16.5 GHz), and can be expressed as:
  • A1 is represented as the initial amplitude
  • f 1 is the initial scanning frequency of 13.5 GHz
  • t is time.
  • B is the frequency band of the FM signal
  • T is the frequency modulation period.
  • signal source 307 is a single frequency continuous wave signal source operating at a fixed frequency (eg, 35 MHz), which can be expressed as:
  • the frequency range of the above signal source 301 and the frequency of the signal source 307 can be selected according to resolution requirements and the like, which are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here.
  • the directional coupler 302 is a three-port device whose input receives the output signal of the signal source 301 and the through terminal is coupled to the power amplifier 303 such that the power of the transmit link reaches the safe input power range of the doubler 304. After passing through the doubler 304, the frequency of the transmission link is multiplied to a second frequency range (in the case where the signal source 301 has a frequency range of 13.5 GHz to 16.5 GHz, the frequency range here is 27 GHz to 33 GHz), Eventually, a transmitting antenna radiates into the space to reach the object under test.
  • the transmitted signal can be expressed as:
  • a 1 ' is the amplitude of the transmitted signal.
  • the output signal of the second signal source 307 is coupled to the input of the directional coupler 309.
  • the mixer 310 is a three-port device in which the local oscillator LO terminal is connected to the through terminal of the directional coupler 309 to input an intermediate frequency signal of, for example, 35 MHz, and the RF RF terminal is coupled to the coupling terminal of the directional coupler 302 to input, for example, 13.5 GHz to 16.5 GHz.
  • the FM signal, the IF terminal outputs the difference between the input signal of the LO and the RF terminal.
  • the frequency signal is boosted to the power amplifier 311.
  • the power amplifier 311 amplifies the signal power to within the safe operating range of the doubler 312.
  • the output signal of the double frequency multiplier 312 is a signal mixed by the two signal sources and then doubled, which can be expressed as:
  • the mixer 313 is a three-port device in which the local end of the local oscillator is connected to the output signal S(t) of the doubler 312, and the RF end of the RF receives the echo signal received from the object to be measured received by the receiving antenna 15.
  • the echo signal at this time can be expressed as:
  • ⁇ is the attenuation coefficient of the echo signal
  • c is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave in space.
  • the intermediate frequency IF terminal of the mixer 313 outputs a superheterodyne signal of the signal received by the local oscillator LO and the RF RF terminal, wherein the signal has a certain spatial target information, which can be expressed as:
  • the incoherence of the two signal sources can be seen from equation (6), and a mixer 316 is introduced in order to obtain a coherent signal.
  • the mixer 316 outputs a coherent superheterodyne signal with target information
  • the RF terminal inputs the first downconverted signal S IF (t) from the mixer 313, and the local oscillator input is passed through the directional coupler 309 from the signal source 307.
  • the coupling end, the power amplifier 314, and the double frequency converter 315 output a continuous wave signal of, for example, 70 MHz, that is:
  • a 2 ' is the signal amplitude
  • the intermediate frequency IF terminal of the mixer 316 outputs a second down-converted signal S IF (t) with target information, namely:
  • the low noise amplifier 317 can amplify the weak intermediate frequency signal that has undergone two down-conversions to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity of the output signal, and the output signal is sent to the data acquisition and processing module 12.
  • the data acquisition and processing module 12 processes the signals from the millimeter wave transceiver module 11 to Generating the three-dimensional image of the measured object includes:
  • An echo signal from the millimeter wave transceiver module is collected, and the echo signal is associated with the spatial position signal, and then subjected to Fourier transform and inverse Fourier transform to obtain a three-dimensional image.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a holographic three-dimensional imaging algorithm performed in the data acquisition and processing module of the millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection system of the present invention.
  • the data acquisition and processing module 12 first acquires the acquired echo signal (401) and associates it with the spatial position signal. Then, the Fourier transform is used to perform the Fourier transform of the geometric characteristic (402), and the morphing deformation is performed, and then the inverse Fourier transform (403) is performed, and finally the target three-dimensional image (404) is obtained, and the spatial domain position information is combined to perform final data. Obtain.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional object imaging of the millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting system of the present invention.
  • the receiving antenna 501 of position (X, Y, Z0) starts receiving the scattered wideband echo signal.
  • the antenna feeds the received signal into a millimeter wave circuit and a highly coherent local oscillator signal for downconversion, and then passes through a low noise amplifier 317.
  • the obtained signal be E(X, Y, ⁇ ), where ⁇ is the instantaneous angular frequency of the emission source, and E(X, Y, ⁇ ) is a function of ⁇ , and its expression is:
  • the exponential part represents the spherical wave signal of the target scattering, which plays an important role in the three-dimensional scattering imaging of the target.
  • E(X, Y, ⁇ ) is a time domain signal, which is an expression after Fourier transform of the time-dimensional signal E(X, Y, t), namely:
  • equation (12) A three-dimensional Fourier transform is used in equation (12), namely:
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detecting method of the present invention.
  • the millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection method for measuring an object by using the above-described millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection system includes the following steps: the scanning device moves the millimeter wave transceiver module, the transmitting antenna, and the receiving antenna to scan the object to be tested; The millimeter wave transceiver module generates a millimeter wave transmission signal; the transmitting antenna transmits the millimeter wave transmission signal generated by the millimeter wave transceiver module to the object to be measured; the receiving antenna receives the echo signal returned by the object to be tested and transmits the echo signal to the millimeter wave transceiver.
  • the module; the millimeter wave transceiver module processes the echo signal and sends it to the data acquisition and processing module; the data acquisition and processing module processes the signal from the millimeter wave transceiver module to generate a three-dimensional image of the measured object; and the image display unit displays A three-dimensional image generated by a data acquisition and processing module.
  • the present invention utilizes a driving motor to realize a scanning effect of a surface array by a one-dimensional array antenna, which greatly reduces the cost.
  • the invention adopts a single-pole multi-throw switch to control the working sequence of the millimeter wave transceiver module channel, and adopts a frequency modulation signal source and a millimeter wave device to construct the system, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of the system. It also increases the integration of the system.
  • the invention adopts frequency modulation continuous wave technology, superheterodyne technology and holographic imaging technology to improve the resolution of the three-dimensional image plane and depth.
  • the invention adopts a motor to drive the transmitting and receiving antenna to move up and down, and also allows the object to be measured to move forward at a certain speed, thereby greatly improving the imaging speed.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can achieve a field of view of several meters or even tens of meters compared to the existing field of view of 50 cm or less.
  • High signal-to-noise ratio The system adopts active millimeter wave imaging to improve the transmission power of the antenna by controlling the output power range of each millimeter wave device. Of course, the transmission power is within the safe radiation range, so that the echo signal is signal-induced. The ratio is much higher than the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal of the passive millimeter wave imaging system. Get higher image quality.

Abstract

一种毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，包括：发射天线（14），用于向被测对象（24）发送毫米波发射信号；接收天线（15），用于接收从被测对象（24）返回的回波信号；毫米波收发模块（11），用于生成发送给被测对象（24）的毫米波发射信号并接收和处理来自接收天线（15）的回波信号；扫描装置（10），用于支撑毫米波收发模块（11）、发射天线（14）和接收天线（15），并按照预设轨迹移动毫米波收发模块（11）、发射天线（14）和接收天线（15），以实现利用毫米波扫描被测对象（24）；数据采集和处理模块（12），用于采集和处理从毫米波收发模块输出的回波信号以生成被测对象（24）的三维图像；以及图像显示单元（13），用于显示由数据采集和处理模块（12）生成的三维图像。该毫米波全息三维成像检测系统具有结构简单、分辨率高、成像时间短、视场较大等优势。还提供一种利用该毫米波全息三维成像检测系统进行被测对象（24）的毫米波三维全息成像检测方法。

Description

毫米波全息三维成像检测系统和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及毫米波全息三维成像检测系统和方法，特别涉及基于线性调频技术、超外差探测原理和全息成像原理的毫米波三维成像系统和方法。
背景技术
毫米波的频率为30GHz到300GHz(波长从1mm到10mm)，在实际工程应用中，常把毫米波的低端频率降到26GHz。在电磁波谱中，毫米波频率的位置介于微波与红外之间。与微波相比，毫米波的典型特点是波长短、频带宽(具有很广阔的利用空间)以及在大气中的传播特性。与红外相比，毫米波具有全天候工作的能力并且可用于烟尘，云雾等恶劣环境下。在微波频段越来越拥挤的情况下，毫米波兼顾微波的优点，并且还具备低频段微波所不具备的一些优点。
具体来说，毫米波主要有以下几个特点：1、精度高，毫米波雷达更容易获得窄的波束和大的绝对带宽，使得毫米波雷达系统抗电子干扰能力更强；2、在多普勒雷达中，毫米波的多普勒频率分辨率高；3、在毫米波成像系统中，毫米波对目标的形状结构敏感，区别金属目标和背景环境的能力强，获得的图像分辨率高，因此可提高对目标识别与探测能力4、毫米波能够穿透等离子体；5、与红外激光相比，毫米波受恶劣自然环境的影响小；6、毫米波系统体积小、重量轻，因此与微波电路相比，毫米波电路尺寸要小很多，从而毫米波系统更易集成。正是这些独特的性质赋予了毫米波技术的广泛应用前景，尤其是在无损检测和安检领域。
在毫米波成像发展初期，毫米波成像系统都使用单通道的机械扫描体制，这种成像体制结构简单但扫描时间比较长。为了缩短扫描时间，Millivision公司研制了Veta125成像仪，该成像仪除发射扫描系统外，还具有8×8的阵列接收机制，但这种成像仪更适合于室外大范围的远程监测，而且视场不到50厘米。Trex公司还研制了一套PMC-2成像系统，此成像系统中的天线单元采用了3mm相控阵天线的技术。PMC-2成像系统采用了中心频率为84GHz的毫米波，这种成像系统的工作频率由于接近太赫兹频段，因而成本较高。Lockheed Martin公司也研制了一套焦平面成像阵列成像系统，其采用的毫米波的中心频率为 94GHz。TRW公司研制了一套被动的毫米波成像系统，此套系统采用的毫米波的中心频率为89GHz。Lockheed Martin和TRW这两家公司的成像系统的视场都较小，通常也不到50厘米。
现阶段在毫米波成像领域，毫米波成像研究成果主要集中在西北太平洋实验室(Pacific Northwest National Laboratory)。此实验室中的McMakin等人，开发了一套三维全息成像扫描系统，此套成像系统的扫描机制是基于圆柱扫描，并且这套系统已经实现了毫米波成像系统的商业化。该成像系统采用的是主动成像机制，通过全息算法反演得到目标的三维毫米波图像。此项技术已经授权L-3Communications和Save View有限公司，他们生产出的产品分别用于车站码头等场所的安检系统中和试选服装之中。但是由于这种系统采用了384个收发单元，因而成本始终没法降下来。目前西北太平洋实验室正致力于更高频率的毫米波成像系统的开发研制。
除上面介绍的实验室和公司外，在英国、美国等国家，也有很多的科研院所和企业参与了毫米波成像技术的研究，如美国的陆军海军空军研究实验室和海军沿海基地等公司以及Delaware，Arizona等大学、英国的Reading大学、Durham大学和Farran公司等。
除英美国之外，德国的微波与雷达研究所(Microwave and Radar Institute)和德国的航空中心(German Aerospace Center)也有参与毫米波成像技术的研究。澳大利亚的ICT中心，日本的NEC公司等都有相关毫米波成像研究成果的报道。但是，这些单位的毫米波研究要么处于实验室阶段，要么研制出的产品价格非常高昂，或者检测的视场较小。
因此，需要一种价格低、视场大的毫米波三维成像检测系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单、分辨率高、成像时间短的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，包括：发射天线，用于向被测对象发送毫米波发射信号；接收天线，用于接收从被测对象返回的回波信号；毫米波收发模块，用于生成发送给被测对象的毫米波发射信号并接收和处理来自接收天线的回波信号；扫描装置，用于支撑所述毫米波收发模块、发射天线和接收天线，并按照预设轨迹移动毫米波收发模块、发 射天线和接收天线，以实现利用毫米波扫描被测对象；数据采集和处理模块，用于采集和处理从毫米波收发模块输出的回波信号以生成被测对象的三维图像；以及图像显示单元，用于显示由数据采集和处理模块生成的三维图像。
进一步的，上述毫米波全息三维成像检测系统中，一个所述毫米波收发模块、一个所述发射天线和一个所述接收天线组成一个毫米波收发单元；毫米波收发单元中的发射天线和接收天线的方向相同；N个所述毫米波收发单元沿同一方向排列，组成一排毫米波收发系统，其中N是大于等于2的整数。
进一步地，扫描装置包括：每块平面检测面板用于支撑所述一排毫米波收发系统，且两块平面检测面板所容纳的一排毫米波收发系统的方向彼此相对，被测对象置于两块平面检测面板之间；两对导轨，分别设置在每块平面检测面板的两侧，每对导轨彼此配合，限制对应平面检测面板所支撑的一排毫米波收发系统沿预设轨迹移动；以及电机，用于驱动所述一排毫米波收发系统沿其所对应的导轨的轨迹移动。
进一步地，在每块平面检测面板上设置N个毫米波收发模块、N个发射天线和N个接收天线，每一个毫米波收发模块对应一个发射天线和一个接收天线，N个毫米波收发模块并排设置以形成一排毫米波收发系统，N个发射天线并排设置以形成发射天线阵列，以及N个接收天线并排设置以形成接收天线阵列其中N是大于等于2的整数。
进一步地，所述一排毫米波收发系统根据时序控制，使得N个毫米波收发单元按照预设顺序逐个进行毫米波的发射和接收。
进一步地，毫米波收发模块包括：发射链路，用于根据第一信号源，生成向所述被测对象发射的毫米波发射信号；以及
接收链路，用于根据第二信号源，配合所述第一信号源，产生与接收到的回波信号相干的信号，在经过对所述回波信号进行处理后，发送给所述数据采集和处理模块；
其中，所述第一信号源是工作在第一频率范围内的调频信号源；所述第二信号源是工作在第一频率的点频信号源。
进一步地，发射链路包括：第一定向耦合器，第一定向耦合器的输入端连接至第一信号源，直通端连接至第一功率放大器；第一功率放大器，对第一定向耦合器的输出信号的功率进行放大以达到第一二倍频器的安全输入功率范围；以及第一二倍频器，将第一功率放大器输出的信号二倍频至第二频率范围， 并将二倍频后的信号输出至发射天线。
进一步地，接收链路包括：第二定向耦合器，第二定向耦合器的输入端连接至第二信号源；第一混频器，第一混频器的本振端连接至第二定向耦合器的直通端，射频端连接至第一定向耦合器的耦合端，以产生第一信号源和第二信号源的差频信号；第二功率放大器，第二功率放大器的输入端连接至第一混频器的中频端以接收差频信号，并对差频信号的功率进行放大以达到第二二倍频器的安全输入功率范围；第二二倍频器，第二二倍频器的输入端连接至第二功率放大器的输出，对第二功率放大器的输出信号进行二倍频至第二频率；第二混频器，第二混频器的本振端连接至第二二倍频器的输出端，射频端接收接收天线所接收的回波信号以生成首次下变频信号；第三功率放大器，第三功率放大器的输入端连接至第二定向耦合器的耦合端，对来自第二定向耦合器的信号进行功率放大；第三二倍频器，第三二倍频器的输入端连接至第三功率放大器的输出端，对来自第三功率放大器的信号进行二倍频操作至第二频率；第三混频器，第三混频器的本振端连接至第三二倍频器的输出端，射频端连接至第二混频器的中频端以生成二次下变频信号。
进一步的，所述接收链路还包括：低噪声放大器，低噪声放大器的输入端连接至第三混频器的中频端，对接收到的二次下变频信号进行放大并输出至数据采集和处理模块。
进一步地，第一频率范围为13.5GHz-16.5GHz，第二频率范围为27GHz-33GHz，第一频率为35MHz，以及第二频率为70MHz。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种利用上述毫米波全息三维成像检测系统进行被测对象的毫米波全息三维成像检测方法，包括以下步骤：扫描装置移动毫米波收发模块、发射天线和接收天线来扫描被测对象；毫米波收发模块生成毫米波发射信号；发射天线将毫米波收发模块生成的毫米波发射信号发射给被测对象；接收天线接收被测对象返回的回波信号并将回波信号发送给毫米波收发模块；毫米波收发模块对回波信号进行处理并发送给数据采集和处理模块；数据采集和处理模块对来自毫米波收发模块的信号进行处理以生成被测对象的三维图像；以及图像显示单元显示由数据采集和处理模块生成的三维图像。
进一步地，在数据采集和处理模块中，采集来自毫米波收发模块的回波信号，将回波信号与空间位置信号联系到一起，然后进行傅里叶变换和傅里叶逆变换来得到三维图像。
通过本发明的技术方案，与现有的毫米波三维成像检测系统相比，简化了系统结构，提高了分辨率，缩短了成像时间，并具有较大的视场。
附图说明
图1是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统的组成框图。
图2是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统的结构性示意图。
图3是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统中的毫米波收发模块与发射天线和接收天线的电路连接关系图。
图4是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统的数据采集和处理模块中进行的全息三维成像算法的流程图。
图5是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统的三维目标成像原理图。
图6是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
毫米波成像体制主要分为毫米波主动成像和毫米波被动成像。这种被动毫米波成像系统的优点为结构比较简单，实现成本也较低，缺点就是成像时间太长，较差的成像分辨率。随着毫米波器件水平的提高和毫米波器件技术的发展，毫米波主动成像开始受到越来越多的重视。在毫米波主动成像中，主动合成孔径成像和主动全息成像是主要的成像体制。毫米波全息成像的方法是源于光学全息的方法，毫米波全息成像利用电磁波的相干原理，首先发射机要将发射高稳定的毫米波信号，接收机接受目标上每个点的发射信号并将回波信号与高度相干的参考信号进行相干处理，提取出回波信号的幅度和相位信息，从而得到目标点上的发射特性，最后在通过数据和图像处理的方法就可以得到场景中的目标毫米波图像。毫米波主动全息成像得到的毫米波图像分辨率好，在与机械扫描相配合可大大缩短成像时间，可实现工程化，所以毫米波全息成像特别适合毫米波近程主动成像。
以下参照附图详细描述本发明的实施例。
图1是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统的组成框图。图2是本发明 的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统的结构性示意图。
如图1所示，本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统包括：发射天线14，用于向被测对象发送毫米波发射信号；接收天线15，用于接收从被测对象返回的回波信号；毫米波收发模块11，用于生成发送给被测对象的毫米波发射信号并接收和处理来自接收天线15的回波信号；扫描装置10，用于支撑毫米波收发模块11、发射天线14和接收天线15，并按照预设轨迹移动毫米波收发模块11、发射天线14和接收天线15，以实现利用毫米波扫描被测对象；数据采集和处理模块12，用于采集和处理从毫米波收发模块11输出的回波信号以生成被测对象的三维图像；以及图像显示单元13，用于显示由数据采集和处理模块12生成的三维图像。
如图2所示，扫描装置10由垂直方向导轨21、电机(例如，步进电机)22和平面检测面板23组成。具体来说，扫描装置10包括两块平面检测面板23来支撑毫米波收发模块11、发射天线14和接收天线15，被测对象24置于两块平面检测面板23之间。扫描装置10还包括两对导轨21，分别设置在每块平面检测面板23的两侧，每对导轨彼此配合，限制对应平面检测面板所支撑的毫米波收发模块11、发射天线14和接收天线15沿导轨21上下移动。扫描装置10还包括位于检测面板23旁的控制电机22，其用于控制毫米波收发模块11、发射天线14和接收天线15沿导轨21的上下移动，从而对被测对象24进行上下扫描。优选的，如图2所示，两块平面检测面板23为平行设置。
进一步如图2所示，在每块平面检测面板23上设置N个毫米波收发模块11、N个发射天线14和N个接收天线15，每一个毫米波收发模块11对应一个发射天线14和一个接收天线15，N个毫米波收发模块11并排设置以形成一排毫米波收发系统，N个发射天线14并排设置以形成发射天线阵列，以及N个接收天线15并排设置以形成接收天线阵列，其中N是大于等于2的整数。换句话说，一个毫米波收发模块11、一个所述发射天线14和一个所述接收天线15组成一个毫米波收发单元；如图2所示，毫米波收发单元中的发射天线和接收天线的方向相同且在天线阵列中位于相同列；N个所述毫米波收发单元沿同一方向(例如，沿水平方向)排列，组成一排毫米波收发系统，其中N是大于等于2的整数。仍然参考图2，两块平面检测面板23所支撑的一排毫米波收发系统的方向彼此相对，即两块平面检测面板23所支撑的一排毫米波收发系统的天线阵列的方向是彼此相对的，如此，通过上下移动两块平面检测面板23所对 应的两排毫米波收发系统，可分别扫描被测对象相背的两个表面的位置信息，从而为后续数据采集和处理模块12合成被测对象完整的三维图像提供数据基础。
此外，上述一排毫米波收发系统根据时序控制，使得N个毫米波收发单元按照预设顺序逐个进行毫米波的发射和接收。即按照时序控制N个毫米波收发模块11来逐个进行毫米波的发射和接收，从而完成对被测对象的水平扫描。例如，对N个毫米波收发模块11的控制可以通过单刀多掷开关来实现，当然也可以采用本领域已知的任何时序控制装置。
此外，被测对象也可以移动来提高成像速度。
还需要注意，一排毫米波收发系统所包括毫米波收发模块11以及对应的发射天线14和接收天线15的数量可以根据平面检测面板23的宽度以及所要实现的成像速度等参数来设置，而平面检测面板23的宽度又可以根据被测对象24的尺寸来确定。此外，平面检测面板23与被测对象24之间的距离可以根据天线参数等指标来确定。上面提及的尺寸的设置对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，因此不再进行详细描述。
例如，1排毫米波收发系统可以包括64个毫米波收发模块11以及128个天线，其中1-64个发射天线组成发射天线阵列14，用于将64个毫米波收发模块11产生的线性调频连续波辐射到被测目标24上，而65-128个接收天线组成接收天线阵列15，用于接收由被测对象反射回的信号并传输至64个毫米波收发模块11。每个发射天线对应一个接收天线，发射天线1、2、3、…、63和64分别对应接收天线65、66、67、…、127和128。如上所述，这64个毫米波收发模块11并非同时工作，而是例如通过两层单刀多掷开关来控制，使它们逐个地进行发射和接收，
图3是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统中的的毫米波收发模块11与发射天线305和接收天线306的电路连接关系图；其中，毫米波收发模块11包括：
发射链路，用于根据第一信号源301，生成向所述被测对象发射的毫米波发射信号；以及
接收链路，用于根据第二信号源307，配合所述第一信号源301，产生与接收到的回波信号相干的信号，在经过对所述回波信号进行处理后，发送给所述数据采集和处理模块；
其中，所述第一信号源301是工作在第一频率范围内的调频信号源；所述第二信号源307是工作在第一频率的点频信号源。
如图3所示，毫米波收发模块11包括：
发射链路包括：信号源301、定向耦合器302、功率放大器303、二倍频器304，用于生成发送给被测对象24的毫米波发射信号；以及接收链路包括：信号源307、定向耦合器309、混频器310、312、313、功率放大器311、314、二倍频器312、315以及低噪声放大器317，用于接收被测对象24返回的回波信号并对回波信号进行处理以发送给数据采集和处理模块12。
具体来说，信号源301是工作频率在一定频率范围(例如，13.5GHz-16.5GHz)的调频信号源，可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000001
其中，A1表示为初始幅值，f1为初始扫描频率13.5GHz，t为时间，
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000002
为信号源301的初始相位值，B为调频信号带宽，T为调频周期。
此外，信号源307是工作频率在一固定频率(例如，35MHz)的单频率连续波信号源，可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000003
其初始幅值和相位分别为A2和
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000004
频率为f2。
注意，上述信号源301的频率范围和信号源307的频率可以根据分辨率要求等来选择，这对于本领域技术人员来说是共知的，此处不再进行描述。
定向耦合器302是一个三端口器件，其输入端接收信号源301的输出信号，直通端连接至功率放大器303，从而使发射链路的功率达到二倍频器304安全输入功率范围。在经过二倍频器304后，发射链路的频率倍频至第二频率范围(在信号源301的频率范围为13.5GHz-16.5GHz的情况下，此处的频率范围为27GHz-33GHz)，最终由一个发射天线辐射到空间中到达被测对象。此处，发射信号可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000005
其中，A1′是发射信号的幅值。
第二信号源307的输出信号连接至定向耦合器309的输入端。混频器310是一个三端口器件，其中本振LO端连接定向耦合器309的直通端以输入例如35MHz的中频信号，射频RF端连接定向耦合器302的耦合端以输入例如13.5GHz-16.5GHz的调频信号，中频IF端则输出LO和RF端输入的信号的差 频信号来提高给功率放大器311。功率放大器311使该信号功率放大到二倍频器312的安全工作范围内。此时，二倍频器312的输出信号为两信号源混频、然后再二倍频后的信号，可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000006
混频器313是一个三端口器件，其中本振LO端连接二倍频器312的输出信号S(t)，射频RF端得到接收天线15所接收的从被测对象反射的回波信号。此时的回波信号可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000007
其中，α为回波信号衰减系数，τ＝2R/c为被测物体产生的回波延时，c为电磁波在空间的传播速度。
混频器313的中频IF端则输出本振LO与射频RF端接收的信号的超外差信号，其中该信号中带有一定的空间目标信息，可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000008
从(6)式中可以看出两个信号源的非相干性，为了得到相干信号，引入混频器316。混频器316输出带有目标信息的相干的超外差信号，其射频端输入来自混频器313的首次下变频信号SIF(t)，本振端输入由信号源307经过定向耦合器309耦合端、功率放大器314以及二倍频器315输出的例如70MHz的连续波信号，即：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000009
其中，A2′为信号幅值。
混频器316中频IF端则输出带有目标信息的第二次下变频信号SIF(t),即：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000010
从公式(8)可以看出，采用该方法消除了非相干双信号源引入的相位不同步。
进一步的，低噪声放大器317能够使经过两次下变频的微弱中频信号进行放大，提高输出信号的信噪比、探测灵敏度，其输出信号被送入数据采集和处理模块12。
数据采集和处理模块12对来自所述毫米波收发模块11的信号进行处理以 生成所述被测对象的三维图像包括：
采集来自所述毫米波收发模块的回波信号，将回波信号与空间位置信号联系到一起，然后进行傅里叶变换和傅里叶逆变换来得到三维图像。
图4是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统的数据采集和处理模块中进行的全息三维成像算法的流程图。
如图4所示，数据采集和处理模块12将采集得到的信号首先进行回波信息的采集(401)，将其与空间位置信号联系在一起。然后利用傅里叶变换进行几何特性的傅里叶变换(402)，化简变形后进行傅里叶逆变换(403)，最终得到目标三维像(404)，结合空间域位置信息进行最终数据的获取。
图5是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统的三维目标成像原理图。
如图5所示，毫米波经过目标502的位置点(x,y,z)处的散射后，位置为(X,Y,Z0)的接收天线501开始接收散射后的宽带回波信号。天线将接收到的信号送入毫米波电路和高度相干的本振信号进行下变频，再通过低噪声放大器317。设得到的信号为E(X,Y,ω)，其中ω是发射源的瞬时角频率，E(X,Y,ω)是关于ω的函数，其表达式为：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000011
其中，
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000012
是天线与目标点之间的距离，
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000013
为电磁波波束，指数部分表示目标散射的球面波信号，对目标三维散射成像起重要作用。且：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000014
E(X,Y,ω)为时域信号，它是对时间维信号E(X,Y,t)进行傅里叶变换后的表达式，即：
E(X,Y,ω)＝FT[E(X,Y,t)]       (11)
将式(10)带入式(9)，将式(9)的矢量运算简化成标量运算，从物理意义上理解，可以看成把一个球面波展开，表示成平面波的叠加，得到：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000015
式(12)中使用了三维傅里叶变换，即：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000016
也是一个逆傅里叶变换，即：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000017
式(13)中忽略了常数项，把(13)式代入(12)式可以得到：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000018
对式(15)进行逆变换，可以得到最终的宽带毫米波全息成像公式为：
Figure PCTCN2016072411-appb-000019
从式(16)中可以看出，只要得到各个频率点的回波信号的电磁信息，就可以通过一系列反演得到f(x,y,z)，最后得到成像目标的三维毫米波全息图像。
图6是本发明的毫米波全息三维成像检测方法的流程图。
如图6所述，利用上述毫米波全息三维成像检测系统进行被测对象的毫米波全息三维成像检测方法包括以下步骤：扫描装置移动毫米波收发模块、发射天线和接收天线来扫描被测对象；毫米波收发模块生成毫米波发射信号；发射天线将毫米波收发模块生成的毫米波发射信号发射给被测对象；接收天线接收被测对象返回的回波信号并将回波信号发送给毫米波收发模块；毫米波收发模块对回波信号进行处理并发送给数据采集和处理模块；数据采集和处理模块对来自毫米波收发模块的信号进行处理以生成被测对象的三维图像；以及图像显示单元显示由数据采集和处理模块生成的三维图像。
本发明通过采用上述毫米波全息三维成像检测系统和方法，与现有的毫米波成像仪器相比，具有以下突出的优点：
(1)价格低廉：本发明利用驱动电机使一维阵列天线实现面阵列的扫描效果，极大地降低了成本。
(2)结构简单，易集成：本发明例如采用单刀多掷开关等控制毫米波收发模块通道的工作顺序，并且采用调频信号源及毫米波器件进行系统的搭建，大大降低了系统的复杂度，同时也提高了系统的集成度。
(3)分辨率高：本发明采用调频连续波技术、超外差技术以及全息成像技术，提高了三维图像平面和深度的分辨率。
(4)成像时间快：本发明采用电机带动收发天线上下移动的同时也可以让被测对象以一定的速度向前运动，大大提高了成像速度。
(5)视场增加：与现有的50厘米以下的视场相比，本发明的实施例可以达到几米，甚至几十米的视场。
(6)信噪比高：系统采用主动式毫米波成像，通过控制各个毫米波器件的输出功率范围来提高天线的发射功率，当然，发射功率在安全辐射范围之内，使得回波信号信噪比远远高于被动式毫米波成像系统接收信号的信噪比，进而 获得更高的成像质量。
(7)用途广泛：利用毫米波成像技术高分辨率及结构简单等优点，可以进行各类大型仪器外层损伤的检测，也适用于违禁品的检测。
需要说明的是，以上参照附图所描述的各个实施例仅用以说明本发明而非限制本发明的范围，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下对本发明进行的修改或者等同替换，均应涵盖在本发明的范围之内。此外，除上下文另有所指外，以单数形式出现的词包括复数形式，反之亦然。另外，除非特别说明，那么任何实施例的全部或一部分可结合任何其它实施例的全部或一部分来使用。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，其特征在于，所述毫米波全息三维成像检测系统包括：
    发射天线，用于向被测对象发送毫米波发射信号；
    接收天线，用于接收从所述被测对象返回的回波信号；
    毫米波收发模块，用于生成发送给所述被测对象的毫米波发射信号并接收和处理来自所述接收天线的所述回波信号；
    扫描装置，用于支撑所述毫米波收发模块、所述发射天线和所述接收天线，并按照预设轨迹移动所述毫米波收发模块、所述发射天线和所述接收天线，以实现利用毫米波扫描所述被测对象；
    数据采集和处理模块，用于采集和处理从所述毫米波收发模块输出的回波信号以生成所述被测对象的三维图像；以及
    图像显示单元，用于显示由所述数据采集和处理模块生成的所述三维图像。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，其特征在于，一个所述毫米波收发模块、一个所述发射天线和一个所述接收天线组成一个毫米波收发单元；毫米波收发单元中的发射天线和接收天线的方向相同；N个所述毫米波收发单元沿同一方向排列，组成一排毫米波收发系统，其中N是大于等于2的整数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，其特征在于，所述扫描装置包括：
    两块平面检测面板，每块平面检测面板用于支撑所述一排毫米波收发系统，且两块平面检测面板所容纳的一排毫米波收发系统的方向彼此相对；
    两对导轨，分别设置在每块平面检测面板的两侧，每对导轨彼此配合，限制对应平面检测面板所支撑的一排毫米波收发系统沿预设轨迹移动；以及
    电机，用于驱动所述一排毫米波收发系统沿其所对应的导轨的轨迹移动。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，其特征在于，所述一排毫米波收发系统根据时序控制，使得N个毫米波收发单元按照预设顺序逐个进行毫米波的发射和接收。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，其特征在于，所述毫米波收发模块包括：
    发射链路，用于根据第一信号源，生成向所述被测对象发射的毫米波发射 信号；以及
    接收链路，用于根据第二信号源，配合所述第一信号源，产生与接收到的回波信号相干的信号，在经过对所述回波信号进行处理后，发送给所述数据采集和处理模块；
    其中，所述第一信号源是工作在第一频率范围内的调频信号源；所述第二信号源是工作在第一频率的点频信号源。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，其特征在于，所述发射链路包括：
    第一定向耦合器，所述第一定向耦合器的输入端连接至所述第一信号源，直通端连接至所述第一功率放大器；
    第一功率放大器，对所述第一定向耦合器的输出信号的功率进行放大以达到第一二倍频器的安全输入功率范围；以及
    所述第一二倍频器，将所述第一功率放大器输出的信号二倍频至第二频率范围，并将二倍频后的信号输出至所述发射天线。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，其特征在于，所述接收链路包括：
    第二定向耦合器，所述第二定向耦合器的输入端连接至所述第二信号源；
    第一混频器，所述第一混频器的本振端连接至所述第二定向耦合器的直通端，射频端连接至所述第一定向耦合器的耦合端，以产生所述第一信号源和所述第二信号源的差频信号；
    第二功率放大器，所述第二功率放大器的输入端连接至所述第一混频器的中频端以接收所述差频信号，并对所述差频信号的功率进行放大以达到第二二倍频器的安全输入功率范围；
    第二二倍频器，所述第二二倍频器的输入端连接至所述第二功率放大器的输出，对所述第二功率放大器的输出信号进行二倍频至第二频率；
    第二混频器，所述第二混频器的本振端连接至所述第二二倍频器的输出端，射频端接收所述接收天线所接收的回波信号以生成首次下变频信号；
    第三功率放大器，所述第三功率放大器的输入端连接至所述第二定向耦合器的耦合端，对来自所述第二定向耦合器的信号进行功率放大；
    第三二倍频器，所述第三二倍频器的输入端连接至所述第三功率放大器的输出端，对来自所述第三功率放大器的信号进行二倍频操作至所述第二频率；
    第三混频器，所述第三混频器的本振端连接至所述第三二倍频器的输出端，射频端连接至所述第二混频器的中频端以生成二次下变频信号。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，其特征在于，所述接收链路还包括：
    低噪声放大器，所述低噪声放大器的输入端连接至所述第三混频器的中频端，对接收到的所述二次下变频信号进行放大并输出至所述数据采集和处理模块。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统，其特征在于，所述第一频率范围为13.5GHz-16.5GHz，所述第二频率范围为27GHz-33GHz，所述第一频率为35MHz，以及所述第二频率为70MHz。
  10. 一种使用权利要求1至9中任一项所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测系统进行被测对象的毫米波全息三维成像检测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    所述扫描装置移动所述毫米波收发模块、所述发射天线和所述接收天线来扫描所述被测对象；
    所述毫米波收发模块生成毫米波发射信号；
    所述发射天线将所述毫米波收发模块生成的所述毫米波发射信号发射给所述被测对象；
    所述接收天线接收所述被测对象返回的回波信号并将所述回波信号发送给所述毫米波收发模块；
    所述毫米波收发模块对所述回波信号进行处理并发送给所述数据采集和处理模块；
    所述数据采集和处理模块对来自所述毫米波收发模块的信号进行处理以生成所述被测对象的三维图像；以及
    所述图像显示单元显示由所述数据采集和处理模块生成的所述三维图像。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的毫米波全息三维成像检测方法，其特征在于，所述数据采集和处理模块对来自所述毫米波收发模块的信号进行处理以生成所述被测对象的三维图像包括：
    采集来自所述毫米波收发模块的回波信号，将回波信号与空间位置信号联系到一起，然后进行傅里叶变换和傅里叶逆变换来得到三维图像。
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