WO2017107240A1 - 无碳排放联合油气发电方法及装备 - Google Patents

无碳排放联合油气发电方法及装备 Download PDF

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WO2017107240A1
WO2017107240A1 PCT/CN2015/100087 CN2015100087W WO2017107240A1 WO 2017107240 A1 WO2017107240 A1 WO 2017107240A1 CN 2015100087 W CN2015100087 W CN 2015100087W WO 2017107240 A1 WO2017107240 A1 WO 2017107240A1
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gas
oil
carbon
power generation
power
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PCT/CN2015/100087
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭斯干
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彭斯干
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
    • E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/18—Repressuring or vacuum methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/70—Combining sequestration of CO2 and exploitation of hydrocarbons by injecting CO2 or carbonated water in oil wells

Definitions

  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method and equipment of the invention belong to the field of clean energy technology.
  • the present invention proposes a carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method and equipment, and aims to achieve carbon dioxide generated by safely sequestering fossil fuels by means of intensive and decentralized utilization of oil and gas resources. Increase the recoverable amount of oil and gas resources and add a breakthrough clean energy solution to achieve the 2°C global climate target.
  • the oil and gas resources include oil and/or natural gas produced in oil fields and/or gas fields, and coalbed methane.
  • a carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method comprises the steps of: exploiting oil and gas from an oil and gas field, burning the oil and gas in situ to generate electricity, and burning carbon and nitrogen flue gas generated by combustion to inject oil and gas fields in situ to sequester carbon dioxide and improve oil and gas recovery.
  • the oil and gas exploitation from an oil and gas field is an oil and gas production facility that extracts oil and/or natural gas from an oil field and/or a gas field through a mining/return well;
  • the in situ combustion power generation is through an in situ combustion power plant
  • the oil and gas extracted by the local oil and gas exploitation facility emits electric energy, and the electric energy is output from the power transmission facility to the external power grid;
  • the carbon and nitrogen flue gas is injected into the oil and gas field in situ, and is a gas mixed with carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
  • the in-situ reinjection facility is pressurized by the flue gas to reinject the oil and gas field in situ through the mining/returning well.
  • the step of in-situ combustion power generation further includes: oxy-combustion combustion in which oxygen is bubbled in the combustion process to increase the purity of carbon dioxide in the combustion gas.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method has the carbon and nitrogen flue gas injected into the oil and gas field in situ, and the carbon and nitrogen flue gas is sent to the oil and gas field through the corrosion-resistant pipeline facility.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method has the carbon and nitrogen flue gas reinjected into the oil and gas field in situ, and is processed by a de-corrosion device for removing carbon and nitrogen flue gas by removing corrosive corrosive gas. Oil and Gas Field.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method wherein the in-situ combustion power plant has a power cooling medium of water and/or air.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method which outputs electric power to an external power grid, is an oil and gas processing that is established by using a power cable to output power to a national power grid, an international power grid, an intercontinental power grid, and/or to an in situ combustion power plant. Factory output power.
  • a carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation technical solution for the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method of the present invention comprises: an oil and gas production facility, an in situ combustion power plant connected to the oil and gas production facility, and an external power grid a power transmission facility for transmitting electrical energy, and a pressurized reinjection facility containing carbon and nitrogen flue gas;
  • the in situ combustion power plant includes a combustion power device, a power cooling device, and a power generation device;
  • the power cooling device is connected a cooling medium supply device;
  • the flue gas pressurized local reinjection facility includes an air compressor; one side of the flue gas boosting local reinjection facility is connected to the combustion power device through the exhaust passage, and the other side is pressurized
  • the reinjection channel connects the mining/reinjection switching device, which also connects the production/return well pipe leading to the oil and gas field.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation device has a combustion power device connected to an oxygen generating device that supplies oxygen for oxy-combustion.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation equipment, the flue gas pressurized refilling passage, the mining/return switching device, and the mining/returning well pipe are all made of corrosion-resistant materials.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation equipment has a flue gas pressurized in-situ reinjection facility, and a de-corrosion device for removing corrosive medium in the flue gas.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation equipment includes a cooling water supply device and/or a cooling fan.
  • the technical route of the present invention is to change the utilization mode of oil and gas resources from the existing full-process dispersion mode to the carbon-intensive carbon-free dispersion mode.
  • the so-called carbon intensification refers to the carbon before the primary energy is converted into secondary clean energy.
  • the emission and emission reduction links are realized by the in-situ method of in-situ power generation and carbon sequestration in the oil and gas field of the present invention; the so-called carbon-free dispersion refers to a decentralized manner in the consumption of secondary clean energy converted from primary energy. In order to achieve efficient use of oil and gas resources without carbon emissions.
  • the in-situ oil and gas in-situ combustion generates electricity to inject and store carbon dioxide in the remote use of carbon dioxide.
  • the source, carbon source and the storage and storage sink are zero distance, thus eliminating the extra carbon emissions from the carbon capture, transportation and storage links and their combinations.
  • the large-scale emission reduction can safely seal and store carbon dioxide generated by oil and gas power generation.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an embodiment of a carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method of the present invention.
  • the method steps in this embodiment are: oil and gas exploitation, on-site combustion and power generation, and the generated carbon dioxide is injected into the oil and gas field in situ, and the generated electricity is externally transported.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method of the present invention.
  • the in-situ combustion power generation of the embodiment adopts oxy-combustion combustion power generation, and the generated carbon-containing and nitrogen-containing flue gas is sent to the oil and gas field in situ through the anti-corrosive pipeline facility.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generating apparatus of the present invention.
  • the flue gas pressurized refilling passage 4.2, the mining/reinjecting switching device 1.1, and the mining/returning well pipe 1.2 of the present embodiment are made of a corrosion-resistant material.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation apparatus of the present invention. This embodiment is based on the embodiment of Fig. 3, and the combustion power unit 2.1 is also connected to the oxygen generator 2.5.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generating apparatus of the present invention.
  • the flue gas pressurized local reinjection facility 4 of the present embodiment further includes a decortting device 4.1 for removing corrosive medium in the flue gas.
  • FIG. 6 is a carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method according to the present invention, which adopts an oil and gas resource utilization mode in which carbon emission links are intensive and carbon-free, and the principle and effect of CCS technology and CO 2 -EOR technology are applied in a large-scale process. .
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the CCS technical solution, principle and effect of the existing fossil energy decentralized utilization mode.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the scheme, principle and effect of CCS technology and CO 2 -EOR technology in another existing fossil energy decentralized utilization mode.
  • 1 - oil and gas exploration facilities 1.1 - mining / reinjection switching device, 1.2 - mining / reinjection well pipe, 1.3 - oil and gas field, 2 - in situ combustion power plant, 2.1 - combustion power plant, 2.2 - power cooling Installation, 2.3—power generation unit, 2.4—exhaust passage, 2.5—oxygen unit, 2.6—cooling medium supply unit, 3—grid power transmission facility, 3.1—power cable, 4—flue gas boosted local reinjection facility, 4.1 - De-corrosion device, 4.2 - pressurized refill channel.
  • Embodiment 1 It is a basic embodiment of the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method of the present invention. As shown in Figures 1, 3 and 6, the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method includes the steps of: extracting oil and gas from the oil and gas field 1.3, burning the oil and gas in situ to generate electricity, and burning the carbon and nitrogen flue gas generated by the power generation.
  • the in-situ combustion power generation is to generate electric energy from the oil and gas produced by the local oil and gas production facility 1 through the in-situ combustion power plant 2, and the electric energy is output from the external power grid by the power transmission facility 3;
  • the carbon and nitrogen flue gas is The oil and gas field 1.3 is reinjected into a gas that is mixed with carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide and nitrogen.
  • the flue gas is pressurized and injected into the facility 4 to reinject the oil and gas field in situ through the mining/return well.
  • Embodiment 2 It is a further embodiment based on Embodiment 1.
  • the step of in-situ combustion power generation further includes enriching oxygen in the combustion process to generate oxygen to improve the purity of carbon dioxide in the flue gas. combustion.
  • the concentration of carbon dioxide in the flue gas thus produced can exceed 90%, which is conducive to increasing the amount of carbon dioxide sequestration.
  • Embodiment 3 It is a further embodiment based on Embodiment 1.
  • the carbon-containing and nitrogen-containing flue gas is injected into the oil and gas field in situ, and the carbon-containing and nitrogen-containing flue gas is sent to the oil and gas field 1.3 through the corrosion-resistant pipeline facility.
  • the CO 2 -EOR method of injecting carbon dioxide into oil and gas fields 1.3 to increase oil and gas recovery was a case in the 1960s and 1970s.
  • the use of carbon dioxide to reduce human emissions to increase oil and gas production and storage is difficult to progress.
  • the reason: the flue gas generated by fossil fuel is mainly composed of 80-85% nitrogen and 15-20% carbon dioxide, and a small amount of corrosive sulfur dioxide.
  • the existing oil and gas resources utilization mode is single mining, single refining, single There is at least an insurmountable economic cost barrier to solving the problem of destructive sulfur corrosion.
  • the carbon-containing and nitrogen-containing flue gas described in this embodiment is injected into the oil and gas field in situ, so that the carbon-containing and nitrogen-containing flue gas is pressurized and injected into the oil and gas field through the corrosion-resistant pipeline facility, and the carbon and nitrogen flue gas at this time does not pass off. Corrosion treatment.
  • This is an intensive and decentralized utilization method of oil and gas resources based on the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation method of the present invention, and the overall economic benefit is greatly improved, and the qualified corrosion-resistant process materials with reliability and safety are used conditionally.
  • Embodiment 4 It is a further embodiment based on Embodiment 1.
  • the carbon and nitrogen flue gas is injected into the oil and gas field in situ, and the carbon and nitrogen flue gas is treated by the degreasing device 4.1 for removing the corrosive gas of the sulfide, and then pressurized and injected into the oil and gas field.
  • the present embodiment is in a coastal environment, the removal of sulfide corrosive gas, the use of seawater washing process to remove sulfur dioxide corrosive gas in power plant flue gas according to local conditions, to prevent pipeline facilities along the pipeline and mining/returning well pipe 1.2 Corrosion damage, while the seawater washing and desulfurization process uses only seawater, no by-products, and the washed seawater can be discharged to the sea at a lower cost.
  • Embodiment 5 is a further embodiment based on Embodiment 1.
  • the in-situ combustion power plant 2 has a power cooling medium that is water and/or air.
  • the combustion power generation process needs to cool the combustion power plant such as the end of the steam turbine.
  • the cooling medium can be fresh water, sea water, and/or air.
  • air cooling is adopted to adapt to the inland oil producing area lacking water resources.
  • the output power to the external power grid is output power through the power cable 3.1 to the national power grid including the national grid, the international power grid, and the intercontinental power grid, and also includes the power output to the oil and gas processing plant established near the in situ combustion power plant 2;
  • the delivery of electrical energy by a processing plant is also an embodiment.
  • the carbon dioxide produced by the oil and gas processing plant can be combined with the flue gas generated by the combustion power generation to reinject the oil and gas field on the spot.
  • Figure 7 shows a coal application CCS technology for mining source, emission source and storage sink long distance matching.
  • problems such as high cost and additional carbon emission in various technical links, especially the long-term safety of newly opened underground storage.
  • the map shows existing fossil energy use patterns with carbon emissions and no carbon emissions.
  • Figure 8 shows another existing CO 2 -EOR technology.
  • the mining source is used as a storage sink, but the source and source of the source, as well as the source and storage sink, are remotely matched and exist as in the scheme of Figure 7.
  • the problem of increased carbon emissions is increased, and the total carbon emissions of fuel users such as cars and boats are high, but carbon capture is not possible because of the dispersion of surface sources.
  • the chart shows the existing fossil energy use patterns that are dispersed throughout the carbon footprint.
  • the solution of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 uses the in-situ oil and gas in-situ combustion to generate electricity and inject carbon dioxide on the remotely used carbon dioxide to utilize the carbon-free oil and gas resource utilization mode, so that the oil and gas source, the carbon source and the storage and sink are zero.
  • the distance, thereby eliminating additional carbon emissions from the carbon capture, transport and storage links and their combinations, has resulted in a significant reduction in total costs.
  • the use of oil and gas fields to seal carbon dioxide is a well-recognized safe carbon sequestration method to achieve large-scale emission reduction and safe storage of carbon dioxide.
  • the figure shows that the present invention has a carbon emission intensive, carbon-free emission-dispersed fossil energy intensive dispersion utilization mode.
  • Example 6 is a basic embodiment of a carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation plant for use in the method of the present invention.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation equipment includes an oil and gas production facility 1, an in situ combustion power plant 2 connected to the oil and gas production facility 1, and a grid power transmission facility 3 for transmitting electrical energy to the external power grid, and a carbon-containing, nitrogen-smoke-charged in-situ reinjection facility 4;
  • the in-situ combustion power plant 2 includes a combustion power unit 2.1, a power cooling unit 2.2, and a power generation unit 2.3; and the power cooling unit 2.2 is connected to a cooling medium
  • the flue gas pressurized in-situ re-injection facility 4 includes an air compressor;
  • the flue gas pressurized in-situ re-injection facility 4 is connected to the combustion power unit 2.1 through the exhaust passage 2.4, and the other side
  • the production/reinjection switching device 1.1 is connected
  • Embodiment 7 A further embodiment based on Embodiment 6, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, said combustion power unit 2.1 is also connected to an oxygen generator 2.5 for supplying oxygen for oxy-combustion.
  • the flue gas pressurized refilling channel 4.2, the mining/reinjection switching device 1.1, and the mining/returning well pipe 1.2 are all made of a corrosion-resistant material; the corrosion-resistant material is selected from corrosion-resistant alloy steel. , carbon fiber, composite materials, etc. This can prevent the corrosion of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, and the corrosion damage of the pipeline facilities including the mining/returning well pipe 1.2, ensuring the reliability and safety of the system.
  • the cooling medium supply device 2.6 includes a cooling water pump and/or a cooling fan.
  • Another embodiment is for coalbed methane production, power generation, and carbon dioxide sequestration, and to enhance coalbed methane recovery.
  • Embodiment 8 is a further embodiment based on Embodiment 6.
  • the flue gas pressurized in-situ re-injection facility 4 further includes a de-corrosion device 4.1 for removing corrosive media from the flue gas. This also prevents corrosion of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, corrosion damage to pipeline facilities including mining/return wells 1.2, etc., to ensure system reliability and safety.
  • Embodiment 9 is a further embodiment based on Embodiment 6.
  • the flue gas pressurized refilling channel 4.2, the mining/reinjection switching device 1.1, and the mining/reinjection well pipe 1.2 are all made of a corrosion-resistant material, and at the same time, the flue gas is pressurized and re-injected locally.
  • the facility 4 also includes a de-corrosion device 4.1 for removing corrosive media from the flue gas. In this way, the sulfur dioxide corrosive gas in the flue gas is prevented from corrosion damage to the pipeline facilities including the mining/reinjection well pipe 1.2 to ensure the reliability and safety of the system.
  • Embodiment 10 is a preferred embodiment based on Embodiment 7.
  • the carbon-free emission combined oil and gas power generation equipment is equipped with an oxygen-making device required for oxy-combustion; the oil and gas production facility has an annual output of about 90 million barrels of crude oil, and the combustion power of the in-situ combustion power plant is set.
  • the device is a supercritical boiler for burning crude oil and/or natural gas and six 1000MW steam turbines; the power transmission facility connects the power cable to the grid, and the power cable is a 500KV ultra-high voltage power cable, which is connected to the surrounding five countries in the host country. International power grid.

Abstract

一种无碳排放联合油气发电方法，通过油气开采设施（1）开采油气，将开采的油气通过就地燃烧发电厂（2）燃烧发电，产生的烟气通过烟气增压就地回注设施（4）回注油气田，以封存二氧化碳并提高油气采收率。该方法规模化减排既安全封存化石燃料产生的二氧化碳，又能提高油气资源的可开采量。

Description

无碳排放联合油气发电方法及装备 技术领域
本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法及装备，属于清洁能源技术领域。
背景技术
实现全球长期平均温度上升限制在2℃以下(2DS)的气候目标，关系全球环境和人类命运。实现目标的关键之一，是要尽快实现减少化石燃料碳排放的CCS(碳捕集封存)技术全流程规模化应用。然而，如图7、图8所示，由于受制于现有化石燃料的分散利用方式，长期以来CCS技术涉及的化石燃料的开采源、碳排放源和封存汇三者相互之间距离遥远，碳的捕集、运输和封存各环节及整体存在的额外碳排放问题，以及碳的地下储存长期安全性问题均难克服，致使CCS技术长期得不到很好地实现，特別是全流程应用不成规模。
发明内容
本发明为克服现有技术缺点，提出一种无碳排放联合油气发电方法及装备，所要达到的目的是：以油气资源集约分散利用方式，规模化减排既安全封存化石燃料产生的二氧化碳，并提高油气资源的可开采量，为实现2℃全球气候目标增加一种突破性清洁能源解决方案。所述的油气资源包括油田和/或气田产出的石油和/或天然气，以及煤层气。
本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法的技术方案是：
一种无碳排放联合油气发电方法，步骤包括：从油气田开采油气，将开采的油气就地燃烧发电，燃烧发电产生的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，以封存二氧化碳并提高油气采收率；所述从油气田开采油气，是以油气开采设施通过开采/回注井从油田和/或气田开采石油和/或天然气；所述的就地燃烧发电，是通过就地燃烧发电厂以就地油气开采设施开采的油气发出电能，该电能由电网输电设施对外部电网输出电力；所述的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，是使含二氧化碳，或二氧化碳与氮气混合的气体，由烟气增压就地回注设施通过开采/回注井就地回注油气田。
进一步的技术方案是：
所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其就地燃烧发电的步骤还包括：在燃烧过程鼓入氧气以使燃烧产生烟气中的二氧化碳纯度提高的富氧燃烧。
所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，是将含碳、氮烟气经由抗腐蚀性管道设施输送增压回注油气田。
所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，是将含碳、氮烟气经过脱除硫化物腐蚀性气体的脱腐装置处理后增压回注油气田。
所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其就地燃烧发电厂其动力冷却介质是水和/或空气。
所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其对外部电网输出电力，是通过电力电缆向包括所在国家电网、国际电网、洲际电网输出电力，和/或向就地燃烧发电厂近旁建立的油气加工厂输出电力。
一种用于本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法的无碳排放联合油气发电装备技术方案是：它包括油气开采设施，与该油气开采设施连接的就地燃烧发电厂，还有用于对外部电网输送电能的电网输电设施，以及含碳、氮烟气增压就地回注设施；所述的就地燃烧发电厂包括燃烧动力装置，动力冷却装置，发电装置；所述的动力冷却装置连接有冷却介质供给装置；所述的烟气增压就地回注设施包括空压机；烟气增压就地回注设施的一侧通过排烟通道与燃烧动力装置联通，另一侧通过增压回注通道连接开采/回注切换装置，该开采/回注切换装置还连接通往油气田的开采/回注井管。
进一步的技术方案是：
所述的无碳排放联合油气发电装备，其燃烧动力装置还连接一个为富氧燃烧提供氧气的制氧装置。
所述的无碳排放联合油气发电装备，其烟气增压回注通道、开采/回注切换装置、开采/回注井管，均由抗腐蚀性材料制成。
所述的无碳排放联合油气发电装备，其烟气增压就地回注设施，还包括脱除烟气中腐蚀介质的脱腐装置。
所述的无碳排放联合油气发电装备，其冷却介质供给装置包括冷却水泵和/或冷却风机。
本发明的技术路线是，将油气资源的利用方式，从现有的全流程分散方式，改变为有碳集约无碳分散方式。所谓有碳集约，是指一次能源转化为二次清洁能源前的碳 排放和减排环节，以本发明油气田开采就地发电，排碳就地捕集封存的集约方式实现；所谓无碳分散，是指一次能源转化为的二次清洁能源的消费环节采取分散方式。以此实现无碳排放的油气资源高效利用。
本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法及装备的技术原理和效果是：
1、如图1、2、3、4、5、6所示，通过就地开采油气就地燃烧发电就地回注封存二氧化碳远端利用电能的无碳排放油气资源利用方式，使油气的开采源、碳排放源与封存汇三者零距离，从而消除碳捕集、运输和封存环节及其组合的额外碳排放。
2、同时利用油气田原有封存地质条件封存二氧化碳这种公认安全的碳封存方式，实现规模化减排既安全封存燃用油气发电产生的二氧化碳。
3、本发明油气资源利用方式，总成本大幅降低，总体经济效益大幅提升，能够克服现有油气资源单采、单炼、单用这种分散利用方式无法克服的经济成本障碍，采用可以保证油气资源利用工艺高度可靠、高度安全的工艺材料和措施。
4、提高油气采收率，即提高油气资源的实际开采量与理论储量之比。
附图说明
图1是本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法一个实施例的流程示意图。本实施例方法步骤为：油气开采，就地燃烧发电，产生的二氧化碳就地回注油气田，所发出的电力对外输送。
图2是本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法另一个实施例的示意图。本实施例的就地燃烧发电采用了富氧燃烧发电，产生的含碳、氮烟气经由抗腐蚀性管道设施输送增压就地回注油气田。
图3是本发明无碳排放联合油气发电装备一个实施例的示意图。本实施例的烟气增压回注通道4.2、开采/回注切换装置1.1、开采/回注井管1.2由抗腐蚀性材料制成。
图4是本发明无碳排放联合油气发电装备另一个实施例的示意图。本实施例在图3实施例的基础上，燃烧动力装置2.1还连接制氧装置2.5。
图5是本发明无碳排放联合油气发电装备另一个实施例的示意图。本实施例的烟气增压就地回注设施4中，还包括脱除烟气中腐蚀介质的脱腐装置4.1。
图6是本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法，采用有碳排放环节集约、无碳排放环节分散的油气资源利用方式，并且全流程规模化应用CCS技术及CO2-EOR技术的原理和效果示意图。
图7是现有化石能源分散利用方式下CCS技术方案、原理和效果示意图。
图8是另一项现有化石能源分散利用方式下CCS技术及CO2-EOR技术方案、原理和效果示意图。
附图中：1—油气开采设施，1.1—开采/回注切换装置，1.2—开采/回注井管，1.3—油气田，2—就地燃烧发电厂，2.1—燃烧动力装置，2.2—动力冷却装置，2.3—发电装置，2.4—排烟通道，2.5—制氧装置，2.6—冷却介质供给装置，3—电网输电设施，3.1—电力电缆，4—烟气增压就地回注设施，4.1—脱腐装置，4.2—增压回注通道。
具体实施方式
结合附图和实施例对本发明的无碳排放联合油气发电方法及装备作进一步说明如下：
实施例1：是本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法的基本实施例。如附图1、3、6所示，无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其步骤包括：从油气田1.3开采油气，将开采的油气就地燃烧发电，燃烧发电产生的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田1.3，以封存二氧化碳并提高油气采收率；所述从油气田1.3开采油气，是以油气开采设施1通过开采/回注井从油田和/或气田开采石油和/或天然气；所述的就地燃烧发电，是通过就地燃烧发电厂2以就地油气开采设施1开采的油气发出电能，该电能由电网输电设施3对外部电网输出电力；所述的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田1.3，是使含二氧化碳，或二氧化碳与氮气混合的气体，由烟气增压就地回注设施4通过开采/回注井就地回注油气田1.3。
实施例2：是在实施例1基础上的进一步实施例。如附图2、4、5所示，本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其就地燃烧发电的步骤还包括在燃烧过程鼓入氧气以使燃烧产生烟气中的二氧化碳纯度提高的富氧燃烧。这样产生的烟气中二氧化碳浓度可以超过90％，有利于增加二氧化碳封存量。
实施例3：是在实施例1基础上的进一步实施例。所述的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，是将含碳、氮烟气经由抗腐蚀性管道设施输送增压回注油气田1.3。
二氧化碳注入油气田1.3以增加油气采收率的CO2-EOR方式早在上世纪60～70年代就有案例，但利用减少人类排放的二氧化碳来增加油气产量并封存的方案却难有进展，其原因在于：化石燃料产生的烟气主要由80～85％的氮气和15～20％的二氧化碳，以及少量但有腐蚀性的二氧化硫组成，而现有的油气资源利用方式是单采、单炼、 单用的全流程分散方式，对于解决破坏性的硫腐蚀问题，至少存在无法克服的经济成本障碍。例如，已有试验十年CO2-EOR技术利用烟道气增产石油，终因腐蚀泄漏引起爆炸使油井报废而终止试验的报道，反映出抗腐蚀性管道设施在输送烟气增压回注油气田方法中的重要作用。
本实施例所述的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，是使含碳、氮烟气经过抗腐蚀性管道设施增压回注油气田，此时的含碳、氮烟气不经过脱腐蚀处理。这是基于本发明无碳排放联合油气发电方法的油气资源的集约分散利用方式，总体经济效益大幅提升，有条件使用可靠性、安全性有保证的合格抗腐蚀性工艺材料。
实施例4：是在实施例1基础上的进一步实施例。所述的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，是将含碳、氮烟气经过脱除硫化物腐蚀性气体的脱腐装置4.1处理后增压回注油气田。本实施例处于滨海环境中，所述的脱除硫化物腐蚀性气体，因地制宜采用海水洗涤工艺脱除发电厂烟气中的二氧化硫腐蚀性气体，防止对沿程管道设施和开采/回注井管1.2的腐蚀破坏，而海水洗涤脱硫工艺仅用海水，没有副产物，洗涤海水可以排海，成本较低。
实施例5：是在实施例1基础上的进一步实施例。所述的就地燃烧发电厂2其动力冷却介质是水和/或空气。燃烧发电过程对蒸汽轮机末端等燃烧动力装置需要冷却，冷却介质可以采用淡水、海水，和/或空气，本实施例采用空气冷却以适应缺少水资源的内陆产油地区。
所述的对外部电网输出电力，是通过电力电缆3.1向包括所在国家电网、国际电网、洲际电网输出电力，同时还包括向就地燃烧发电厂2近旁建立的油气加工厂输出电力；只向油气加工厂输送电能也是一种实施例。这样，油气加工厂产生的二氧化碳就可与燃烧发电产生的烟气汇合后就地回注油气田。
以下对图7、图8所示的现有技术路线和图6所示上述本发明方法实施例技术路线作简要说明：
图7所示为开采源、排放源和封存汇远距离匹配的一种煤炭应用CCS技术，存在各技术环节高成本和额外碳排放增加等问题，特别是新开辟地下储存的长期安全性问题。但发电厂之后的电力输送和用户环节没有碳排放。该图显示有碳排放、无碳排放全流程分散的现有化石能源利用方式。
图8所示为另一项现有CO2-EOR技术，其开采源用作封存汇，但开采源和排放 源，以及排放源和封存汇，均为远距离匹配，与图7方案一样存在额外碳排放增加的问题，而且燃油用户如车、船等碳排放总量很高，却因为分散成面源而无法进行碳捕集。该图显示有碳排放全流程分散的现有化石能源利用方式。
图6所示本发明方案通过就地开采油气就地燃烧发电就地回注封存二氧化碳远端利用电能的无碳排放油气资源利用方式，使油气的开采源、碳排放源与封存汇三者零距离，从而消除碳捕集、运输和封存环节及其组合的额外碳排放，总成本大幅降低。同时利用油气田原有封存地质条件封存二氧化碳这种公认安全的碳封存方式，实现规模化减排既安全封存二氧化碳。该图显示本发明有碳排放集约、无碳排放分散的化石能源集约分散利用方式。
实施例6：是用于本发明方法的无碳排放联合油气发电装备的基本实施例。如图3所示无碳排放联合油气发电装备，它包括油气开采设施1，与该油气开采设施1连接的就地燃烧发电厂2，还有用于对外部电网输送电能的电网输电设施3，以及含碳、氮烟气增压就地回注设施4；所述的就地燃烧发电厂2包括燃烧动力装置2.1，动力冷却装置2.2，发电装置2.3；所述的动力冷却装置2.2连接有冷却介质供给装置2.6；所述的烟气增压就地回注设施4包括空压机；烟气增压就地回注设施4的一侧通过排烟通道2.4与燃烧动力装置2.1联通，另一侧通过增压回注通道4.2连接开采/回注切换装置1.1，该开采/回注切换装置1.1还连接通往油气田1.3的开采/回注井管1.2。
实施例7：是在实施例6基础上的进一步实施例，如附图3、4所示，所述的燃烧动力装置2.1还连接一个为富氧燃烧提供氧气的制氧装置2.5。所述的烟气增压回注通道4.2、开采/回注切换装置1.1、开采/回注井管1.2，均由抗腐蚀性材料制成；所述的抗腐蚀性材料选自耐腐蚀合金钢、碳纤维、复合材料等。这样可以防止烟气中的二氧化硫腐蚀性气体，对包括开采/回注井管1.2等沿程管道设施的腐蚀破坏，保证了系统的可靠性和安全性。所述的冷却介质供给装置2.6，包括冷却水泵和/或冷却风机。
另一个实施例是用于煤层气的开采、发电和二氧化碳封存，及提高煤层气的采收率。
实施例8：是在实施例6基础上的进一步实施例。所述的烟气增压就地回注设施4还包括脱除烟气中腐蚀介质的脱腐装置4.1。这样也可以防止烟气中的二氧化硫腐蚀性气体，对包括开采/回注井管1.2等沿程管道设施的腐蚀破坏，以保证系统的可靠性和安全性。
实施例9：是在实施例6基础上的进一步实施例。所述的烟气增压回注通道4.2、开采/回注切换装置1.1、开采/回注井管1.2，均由抗腐蚀性材料制成，同时，所述的烟气增压就地回注设施4还包括脱除烟气中腐蚀介质的脱腐装置4.1。这样从两方面来防止烟气中的二氧化硫腐蚀性气体，对包括开采/回注井管1.2等沿程管道设施的腐蚀破坏，以保证系统的可靠性和安全性。
实施例10：是在实施例7基础上的一个优选实施例。如图4所示，所述的无碳排放联合油气发电装备配置有富氧燃烧所需的制氧装置；其油气开采设施年产原油约9千万桶，就地燃烧发电厂设置的燃烧动力装置为燃烧原油和/或天然气的超临界锅炉和6台1000MW蒸汽轮机；电网输电设施连接电力电缆向电网供电，该电力电缆为500KV超高压电力电缆，该电网为所在国与周边5国连接的国际电网。
本发明的权利要求保护范围不限于上述实施例。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其特征在于，步骤包括：从油气田开采油气，将开采的油气就地燃烧发电，燃烧发电产生的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，以封存二氧化碳并提高油气采收率；所述从油气田开采油气，是以油气开采设施通过开采/回注井从油田和/或气田开采石油和/或天然气；所述的就地燃烧发电，是通过就地燃烧发电厂以就地油气开采设施开采的油气发出电能，该电能由电网输电设施对外部电网输出电力；所述的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，是使含二氧化碳，或二氧化碳与氮气混合的气体，由烟气增压就地回注设施通过开采/回注井就地回注油气田。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其特征在于，所述就地燃烧发电的步骤还包括：在燃烧过程鼓入氧气以使燃烧产生烟气中的二氧化碳纯度提高的富氧燃烧。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其特征在于，所述的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，是将含碳、氮烟气经由抗腐蚀性管道设施输送增压回注油气田。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其特征在于，所述的含碳、氮烟气就地回注油气田，是将含碳、氮烟气经过脱除硫化物腐蚀性气体的脱腐装置处理后增压回注油气田。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其特征在于，所述就地燃烧发电厂其动力冷却介质是水和/或空气。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的无碳排放联合油气发电方法，其特征在于，所述对外部电网输出电力，是通过电力电缆向包括所在国家电网、国际电网、洲际电网输出电力，和/或向就地燃烧发电厂近旁建立的油气加工厂输出电力。
  7. 一种用于权利要求1所述无碳排放联合油气发电方法的无碳排放联合油气发电装备，其特征在于，它包括油气开采设施(1)，与该油气开采设施(1)连接的就地燃烧发电厂(2)，还有用于对外部电网输送电能的电网输电设施(3)，以及含碳、氮烟气增压就地回注设施(4)；所述的就地燃烧发电厂(2)包括燃烧动力装置(2.1)，动力冷却装置(2.2)，发电装置(2.3)；所述的动力冷却装置(2.2)连接有冷却介质供给装置(2.6)；所述的烟气增压就地回注设施(4)包括空压机；烟气增压就地回注设施(4)的一侧通过排烟通道(2.4)与燃烧动力装置(2.1)联通，另一侧通过增压回注通道(4.2)连接开采/回注切换装置(1.1)，该开采/回注切换装置(1.1)还 连接通往油气田(1.3)的开采/回注井管(1.2)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的无碳排放联合油气发电装备，其特征在于，所述的燃烧动力装置(2.1)还连接一个为富氧燃烧提供氧气的制氧装置(2.5)。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的无碳排放联合油气发电装备，其特征在于，所述的烟气增压回注通道(4.2)、开采/回注切换装置(1.1)、开采/回注井管(1.2)，均由抗腐蚀性材料制成。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的无碳排放联合油气发电装备，其特征在于，所述的烟气增压就地回注设施(4)，还包括脱除烟气中腐蚀介质的脱腐装置(4.1)。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的无碳排放联合油气发电装备，其特征在于，所述的冷却介质供给装置(2.6)包括冷却水泵和/或冷却风机。
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