Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
  • C07F9/655—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07F9/65515—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a five-membered ring
  • C07F9/65517—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a five-membered ring condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
  • C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
  • C07F9/08—Esters of oxyacids of phosphorus
  • C07F9/09—Esters of phosphoric acids
  • C07F9/11—Esters of phosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds without further substituents on alkyl
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/415—1,2-Diazoles
  • A61K31/4155—1,2-Diazoles non condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
  • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia

Definitions

• the present invention is concerned with water-soluble derivatives of 3,5-diphenyl-diazole compounds, which are effective therapeutic agents for use in treating diseases linked to protein aggregation and/or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD). and Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) such as Crcutxteldt- Jakob disease (CJD).
• AD Alzheimer's disease
• PD Parkinson's disease
• TSEs Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
• CJD Crcutxteldt- Jakob disease
• a large number of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases are known, many of which are presently not curable. All common neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the misfolding. aggregation, and/or deposition of specific proteins in the brain. These diseases include medical conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), senile dementia, AA amyloidosis, arteriosclerotic dementia, Huntington's disease (HD), cerebral thrombangitis obliterans, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and many others.
• Type 2 diabetes is yet another disease whose pathogenesis involves ordered protein aggregation.
• TSEs the misfolded protein, which forms aggregates, is called “prion", which is derived from “proteinaceous” and “infectious”. Therefore TSEs are also called prion diseases.
• the central event in the pathogenesis of TSEs is the conversion of the cellular prion protein PrP c into the pathological PrP Sc isoform, which accumulates into large protein aggregates. Prions propagate by transmitting a misfolded protein state. When a prion enters a healthy organism, it induces existing, properly folded proteins to convert into the disease- associated, prion form. These newly formed prions can then go on to convert more proteins themselves; this triggers a chain reaction that produces large amounts of the prion form.
• amyloid fold in which the protein polymerizes into an aggregate consisting of tightly packed beta sheets.
• Amyloid aggregates are fibrils, growing at their ends, and replicating when breakage causes two growing ends to become four growing ends. This altered structure is extremely stable and accumulates in infected tissue.
• the propagation theory described for the prion protein may also apply to amyloid formation in other protein misfolding disorders (PMDs).
• synucleinopathies are characterized by intracellular accumulation of protein aggregates, oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils, containing mainly a-synuclein.
• pathological effects on nerve cells are induced by the formation of oligomeric aggregates of a-synuclein and the subsequent formation of membrane pores.
• synucleinopathies are Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy.
• Amyloid formation depends on the slow interaction of misfolded protein monomers to form oligomeric nuclei, around which a faster phase of elongation takes place.
• the ability of oligomeric species to seed their own growth is analogous to the self-propagating activity of prions.
• oligomers that occur during the aggregation are described in literature as to be the main toxic agent leading to cell dysfunction and cell death.
• One possible mechanism leading to cell death is membrane perforation caused by the protein aggregates.
• the protein aggregation has to be prevented, decreased or, at best, removed from the tissue.
• PrP Sc infectious protein
• Such a therapy needs to be non-toxic with chronic dosing and at efficacious compound concentrations.
• the non-toxicity of anlel 38b under treatment for more than one year has been shown in several mouse models as described above, in order to minimize the necessary oral dose and still reach efficacious compound levels, the therapeutic compound should also be resorbed most efficiently after oral application.
• the therapeutic agent has to be applied per os and subsequently transferred to the gut, where it will be taken up and transported via the bloodstream into the tissue affected by the protein aggregation. Therefore, the compound has to be capable of passing the blood-brain barrier.
• the concentration of the compound in the gut before uptake into the bloodstream has to be sufficiently high.
• DPP 3,5-diphenyl-pyrazole
• anlel 38b has a solubility of 0.2 ⁇ in water.
• the therapeutic characteristics of the agent have to be maintained, while increasing the water-solubility and the bioavailability.
• the modification of the therapeutic compound has to lead to the therapeutic compound being delivered to the gut in a mainly monodisperse form, so that it can be taken up into the bloodstream.
• Other positive characteristics of the unmodified therapeutic compound also have to be maintained or even improved.
• the modified compound has to be stable during storage and during passage from os to gut. It also has to remain non-toxic to be suitable for therapeutic use. Some common modifications of these compounds have been tested but most of those are either unstable or do not reach useful plasma levels or both.
• a problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a 3,5-diphenyl-diazole compound suitable for use in treating diseases associated with protein aggregation in a form that is stable, can be applied in a therapeutically useful concentration, and preferably provides a monodisperse solution in the gut.
• the 3,5-diphenyl-diazole compound should be provided in a form which does not require mixing with a large amount of excipients, so that a small volume per dose can be achieved.
• the effective part of the compound can cross the blood-brain-barrier and can be transported to the brain, i.e. remains stable after the compound has been released in the gut and reaches plasma levels that are sufficient for the treatment.
• Figure 1 shows a chrornatogram of a HPLC analysis of sery433, a prodrug of anlel38b.
• Figure 2 shows a chrornatogram of a HPLC analysis of anle423b, a prodrug of anle253b.
• Figure 3 shows the concentration of anlel38b in tissues of mice after application of a dose of 1 mg of the prodrug sery433.
• FIG 4 shows the concentration over time of anlel 38b in plasma samples of rats after application of the prodrug sery433.
• a single oral dose of anlel 38b in PEG/Cremophor ("Phase 1 ") and sery433 in aqueous solution (“Phase 2”) at a nominal dose of 1 Omg kg were administered to male Sprague Dawley Rats.
• the experiments were conducted with three rats which are identified as “ IM”. "2M” and "3M”.
• a "3,5-diphenyl-diazole compound” in the context of the present invention refers to a compound having a diazole core that is substituted by two substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups in positions 3 and 5 or in positions 2 and 4 or in positions 2 and 5.
• the diazole core is either derived from pyrazole or from imidazole.
• the 3,5-diphenyl-diazole compound of the present invention is in particular a 3, 5-diphenyl -pyrazole (DPP) compound or a 2,4-diphenyl-imidazole (DPI) or a 2,5-diphenylimidazole (DPI) compound, wherein the phenyl groups can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• DPP 3, 5-diphenyl -pyrazole
• DPI 2,4-diphenyl-imidazole
• DPI 2,5-diphenylimidazole
• the diazole core of the compounds of the present invention can exist in two tautomeric forms. Each tautomeric form alone as well as a mixture of both is encompassed by the term
• diazole a therapeutic agent also known as 5-(3- bromophenyl)-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-lH-pyrazole.
• the pyrazole ring of the compound exists in two tautomeric forais:
• disease associated with protein aggregation is used for all conditions, disorders, or diseases characterized by the presence of an aggregated form of at least one protein or a fragment or derivative thereof, wherein the protein is preferably selected from the group consisting of prion protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP), alpha-svnuclcin, superoxide dismutase, tau, immunoglobulin, amyloid-A, transthyretin, beta 2-imicrogiobulin, cystatin C, apolipoproteine Al , TDP-43, islet amyloid polypeptide, ANF, gelsolin, insulin, lysozyme, fibrinogen, huntingtin and ataxin and other proteins with a Poly-Q stretch.
• prion protein amyloid precursor protein (APP), alpha-svnuclcin, superoxide dismutase, tau, immunoglobulin, amyloid-A, transthyretin, beta 2-imicrogiobulin, cystatin C, apolip
• prion disease or TSE is used for all conditions, disorders or diseases that are caused by formation of prions, i.e. proteins that mis f ld and induce misfoiding of other protein molecules.
• prion diseases include sporadic and genetic Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease, variant Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease (vCJD), a human disorder caused by the infectious agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Gerstmann-Straussler- Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia and kuru.
• TSEs of other mammals include BSE of cattle, scrapie of sheep and goats, feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) of cats, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) of minks, exotic ungulate encephalopathy (EUE) of Nyala and Greater Kudu, as well as chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk.
• FSE feline spongiform encephalopathy
• TSE transmissible mink encephalopathy
• EUE exotic ungulate encephalopathy
• CWD chronic wasting disease
• neurodegenerative disease encompasses diseases or conditions such as
• Parkinson's disease PD
• AD Alzheimer's disease
• Transmissible spongiform PD
• TSEs such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), senile dementia, A A amyloidosis, arteriosclerotic dementia, Huntington's disease (HD), cerebral thrombangitis obliterans, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxias, and other Poly-Q diseases, multiple system atrophy (MSA), hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, primary systemic amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis), reactive systemic amyloidosis (AA amyloidosis), type 11 diabetes, injection-localized amyloidosis, beta-2 microglobulin amyloidosis, hereditary non- neuropathic amyloidosis, and Finnish hereditary systemic amyloidosis.
• CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• HD Huntington'
• Alzheimer's disease which affects presently around 7 million patients in Europe, Japan and the US, and whose hallmarks are the aggregation of the protein ⁇ to form Alzheimer's plaques and tau protein to form neurofibrillary tangles. Aggregation of tau is also held responsible for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), cortico-basal degeneration (CBD) and frontotemporal dementias including Morbus Pick.
• PSP progressive supranuclear palsy
• CBD cortico-basal degeneration
• frontotemporal dementias including Morbus Pick.
• Parkinson's disease affects presently around 3.5 million patients in the above listed countries and is characterized by the aggregation of ⁇ -synuclein forming Lewy bodies.
• MSA Multiple system atrophy
• LBD Lewy Body disease
• Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is less prevalent as a sporadic form with around 500 new patients per year in Europe. New slaughtering rales have more or less eradicated the occurrence of juvenile CJD.
• Further neurodegenerative diseases that are related to the aggregation of proteins are Huntington's disease (HD) as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
• protein misfolding disorders or proteopathy is used to describe diseases, disorders, or conditions, in which certain proteins become structurally abnormal, and thereby disrupt the function of cells, tissues and organs of the body.
• PMD protein misfolding disorders
• proteopathy is used to describe diseases, disorders, or conditions, in which certain proteins become structurally abnormal, and thereby disrupt the function of cells, tissues and organs of the body.
• prion diseases and ncurogencrativc disorders wherein neurons are the affected cells
• other cell types can also be affected by the protein misfolding.
• type 2 diabetes wherein the protein amylin, also termed “Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (1APP), is the major component of diabetes-associated islet amyloid deposits.
• IAPP Islet Amyloid Polypeptide
• prodrug is used to describe a compound for administration to a patient in a phannacologically inactive form, which is then converted to an active form through a normal metabolic process. Therefore, a “prodrug” is a precursor chemical compound of a drug.
• the derivatives of the present invention are used as prodrugs.
• the present invention is concerned with the provision of a derivative of a therapeutic agent for use in treating a disease associated with protein misfolding/aggregation.
• the diazole compound derivative of the present invention also referred to as a prodrug, which is a derivative of a therapeutic agent, is water-soluble, and can be administered in sufficiently high concentration per os to the gut of the patient.
• the prodrug is stable under normal storage conditions.
• the prodrug of the present invention is non-toxic at therapeutic concentrations, and is therefore suitable for use in treating patients even for prolonged time periods.
• the prodrug i.e. the compound as claimed in claim 1, is therapeutically inactive but will be converted into the bioactive drug within the body of the patient.
• the compounds claimed in this application are water-soluble derivatives of 3,5-diphenyl- diazole compounds which can be prepared by the method of the present invention.
• the compound is selected from the group comprising 3. - d i phenyl - pyrazo 1 e compounds anlel 3 b, sery335b, sery345, and anle253b.
• the diazole compounds of the present invention can exist as tautomers and each of the two tautomers is deducible for all compounds by the skilled person from the name or formula of a compound. Therefore, each tautomer is included as well as mixtures of both tautomers/isomers in any ratio. Furthermore, in the following the structures of one
• Anlel 38b (5-(3-Bromophenyl)-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-lH-pyrazole) is defined by the following structure:
• Sery335b (5-(3-Chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)pyrazole) is defined by the following structure:
• Anle253b which is even less soluble than anlel 38b, is defined by the following structure:
• Sery345 is defined by the following structure:
• Anlel38b has the ability to restore functionality of neurons (1 ,2).
• these compounds are also characterized by their very low solubility in water which is less desired in medical preparations for oral administration.
• the present invention now provides derivatives that are stable and suitable prodrugs for oral use in humans.
• substitution of a methyl phosphate at one nitrogen in the diazole ring of 3,5-diphenyl-pyrazole or 3,5-diphenyl-imidazole compounds improves water solubility without impairing stability.
• This chemical modification according to the present invention lead s to the provision of a prodrug of this valuable therapeutic agent, defined by the following isomeric structures:
• R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, C] -4 alkyl substituted with at least one halogen; and C 6- io aryl, wherein the aryl ring can be optionally substituted by C
• X al is bromine; and wherein each R independently is hydrogen or a cation.
• the compounds of the present invention are defined by the following isomeric structures:
• Hal is a halogen selected from chlorine or bromine, and wherein each R
• the derivative of the present invention is a prodrug of anle253b with the following isomeric structures:
• each R independently is selected from hydrogen, or a cation.
• the cation can be any cation that is pharmaceutically acceptable for this type of compound.
• the cation is a monovalent cation.
• Examples are sodium, lithium, potassium, ammonium, in particular sodium.
• groups compatible with the phosphate group of the compounds of the present invention include groups of the structure RR'R"N such as ethanolamine, choline, lysine, meglumine, piperazinc, and tromethamine in their protonated form RR'R' H +.
• both R can be hydrogen, both R can be cations (the same or different cations), or one R can be hydrogen and the other one can be a cation.
• Bivalent cations such as Ca ⁇ ' , Mg ⁇ , and Zn 2 or trivalent cations such as ⁇ are not preferred, as the resulting salts are less water-soluble.
• the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition which comprises at least one of the compounds as defined in claim 1.
• the term "pharmaceutical composition” relates to a composition for administration to a patient, preferably a mammal, more preferably a human.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the compounds recited above and, optionally, further molecules capable of altering the characteristics of the compounds of the invention thereby, for example, stabilizing, modulating and/or activating their function.
• the composition may be in solid, liquid or gaseous form.
• compositions of the invention may be administered orally, rcctally.
• compositions are to be administered orally.
• compositions of the present invention can be provided, for instance, in the form of a tablet, pill, powder (including a powder for dissolution), lozenge, sachet, cachet, elixir, suspension, emulsion, solution, syrup, aerosol, or capsule, preferably in the form of a tablet, pill, or powder (including a powder for
• compositions and in particular the oral
• formulations mentioned above can be formulated, so that they provide quick, sustained or delayed release and/or release at a certain stage of the passage through the body (e.g., by an enteric coating).
• the pharmaceutical compositions as described herein may be formulated using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable additive(s) commonly used in formulation technology, e.g., such as inter alia referred to in Fiedler's "Lexikon der Hilfstoffe” 5th Edition, Editio Cantor Verlag Aulendorf 2002, "The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients", 4th Edition, American Pharmaceuticals Association, 2003.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable additives may be selected from carriers, diluents or fillers, binding agents/binders, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, stabilizing agents, surfactants, film-formers, softeners, wetting agents, sweeteners, pigments/colouring agents, antioxidants, preservatives and the like.
• Suitable carriers, binding agents, disintegrants, lubricants and glidants can e.g be the ones described in more detail here below as pharmaceutically acceptable additives.
• Compositions comprising such additives can be formulated by conventional methods.
• Suitable carriers include, without limitation, polyols such as mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol;
• di saccharides such as lactose, sucrose, dextrose and maltose; polysaccharides such as maltodextrine and dextranes; starches such as corn starch; celluloses such as microcrystallinc cellulose, sodium carboxy methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose or mixtures thereof; cyclodextrines and inorganic agents such as diealcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate; hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, talcum and silica.
• Suitable binding agents include, without limitation, h yd ro pr pyl m et h y 1 cellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), pregelatinzcd starch and combinations thereof.
• Suitable disintegrants include, without limitation, carboxymethylcellulose calcium (CMC- Ca), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na), crosslinked PVP (e.g., crospovidone, Polyplasdone® or ollidon® XL), alginic acid, sodium alginate, guar gum, cross-linked CMC (croscarmeHose sodium, e.g. Ac-Di-Sol®), carboxymethyi starch- a (sodium starch glycolate) (e.g., Prim oj el® or Explotab®).
• CMC- Ca carboxymethylcellulose calcium
• CMC-Na carboxymethylcellulose sodium
• PVP e.g., crospovidone, Polyplasdone® or ollidon® XL
• alginic acid sodium alginate
• guar gum cross-linked CMC
• carboxymeHose sodium e.g. Ac-Di-Sol®
• Suitable lubricants include, without limitation, magnesium stearate, aluminium or calcium silicate, stearic acid, hydrogenated castor oil, talc, glyceryl behenate, sodium stearate fumarate and combinations thereof.
• Suitable glidants include, without limitation, colloidal Si 02 (e.g., Aerosil® 200), magnesium tri silicate, powdered cellulose, talc and combinations thereof.
• the tablets may contain excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate and glycine, disintegrants such as starch (for instance, corn, potato or tapioca starch), sodium starch glycolate, croscarmeHose sodium and certain complex silicates, and granulation binders such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydrox ypropylmethylcellul ose (HPMC), hydr p r y (cellulose (HPC), sucrose, gelatin and acacia. Additionally, lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, glyceryl behenate and talc may be included.
• excipients such as microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, sodium citrate, calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate and glycine
• disintegrants such as starch (for instance, corn, potato or tapioca starch), sodium starch glycolate, cro
• compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in gelatin capsules.
• Preferred excipients in this regard include lactose, starch, a cellulose, or high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.
• the pharmaceutical compositions/dosage forms as described herein may be coated employing film coatings or modified release coatings using coating methods well known to a person of skill in the art using commercially available coating materials such as a mixture of film-forming polymers, opaci tiers, colorants and plasticizers.
• the dosage forms as described herein may be formulated in accordance with methods well known to a person of skill in the art, e.g., as described in "Pharmazeutician Technologie", 1 lth Edition, Deutsche! maschiner Verlag 2010, or “Pharmazeutician Techologie”, 9th Edition. Academic Press, 2012.
• the pharmaceutical composition will be formulated and dosed in a fashion consistent with good medical practice, taking into account the clinical condition of the individual patient, the site of delivery of the pharmaceutical composition, the method of administration, the scheduling of administration, and other factors known to practitioners.
• the "therapeutically effective amount" of the pharmaceutical composition for purposes herein is thus determined by such considerations.
• a physician will determine the actual dosage which will be most suitable for an individual subject.
• the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular individual may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the specific compound employed, mode and time of administration, the severity of the particular condition, and the individual undergoing therapy (the age. body weight, general health, sex, etc.).
• the pharmaceutical compositions are preferably provided in unit dosage forms.
• the compounds of the present invention are typically administered in a therapeutically effective amount. This amount is not particularly limited and a proposed dose of the compounds according to the present invention for administration to a human (of approximately 70 kg body weight) is about 10 to about 1000 mg, preferably about 50 to about 500 mg of the active ingredient per unit dose.
• the unit dose may be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day. The dose will depend on the route of administration, it will be appreciated that it may be necessary to make routine variations to the dosage depending on the age and weight of the patient as well as the severity of the condition to be treated. The precise dose and route of administration will ultimately be at the discretion of the attendant physician.
• the composition can comprise one isomeric form of a compound of the present invention or both isomeric forms.
• the composition can also comprise more than one compound and any of the compounds used in a composition can be either one of both isomers or a mixture thereof.
• a pharmaceutical composition for use in treating the above mentioned diseases can comprise one of the isomers or a mixture of both isomers. Both isomeric forms are converted into the bioactive drug within the body.
• the present compounds are provided in dissolved form in an aqueous solution.
• dissolved form means that the present compound is completely soluble at the chosen concentration at room temperature (e.g., 25 °C) in the solvent, so that no undissolved compound can be seen by the naked eye.
• disodium phosphate derivative is stable and yields high levels of active compound in brain and blood.
• the derivative of the present invention is a disodium methyl phosphate of the therapeutic agent anlel38b. i.e. a compound as shown above, wherein Hal is chlorine or bromine.
• the former derivative is referred to as serv335b, the latter derivative is referred to as scry 433. Both can be in the form of one of the isomers or can be a mixture of both isomers. Isomers sery433a or sery433b are shown below:
• the present compounds Due to the improved solubility in water as well as the increased bioavailability it is possible to provide the present compounds in significantly smaller volumes of pharmaceutically acceptable additive. This improves patient compliance. Furthermore, it is possible to employ usual pharmaceutically acceptable additives. In contrast thereto, with anlel 38b special additives (such as cremaphore) were required in order to administer this highly lipophilic compound. Thus, the compounds of the present invention can be favorably used for long-term application. Finally, due to the use of standard additives, the present compounds can be easily provided in standard dosage forms such as a tablet, pill, or powder (including a powder for dissolution) and it is not necessary to provide them in more complicated dosage forms such as capsules. As can be seen from the examples which are presented below, several other prodrug approaches failed and is thus completely surprising that the above mentioned advantages can be achieved with the presently claimed compounds.
• the prodrugs of the invention are modified 3 ,5-diphen yl-diazole derivatives, which are characterized by their improved solubility in aqueous solutions compared to the parent compounds.
• the preferred prodrug sery433 4-fold higher exposure of anlel 38b is achieved than with anle l 38b 'excipient administration.
• the prodrugs of the present invention are characterized by very high solubility in water (see Example 8).
• the prodrugs of the present invention are also characterized by their stability in water (see Example 9).
• the therapeutically active compound When using the derivatives of the present invention the therapeutically active compound is found in the brain and the blood in therapeutically useful amounts. It is assumed, without being bound by theory, that the active therapeutic compound is released from the prodrug of the present invention by membrane-bound intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and, thus, close to the gut epithel, where it is directly transferred in the blood stream. Possibly the compound is released in a mainly monodisperse form that can then be taken up from the gut to the blood.
• IAP membrane-bound intestinal alkaline phosphatase
• the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the prodrugs of the present invention lead to therapeutically useful levels (see Examples 10 and 1 1) of active compound in the brain and blood in mice and rats.
• a pharmacokinetic evaluation of the prodrug sery433 of the present invention reveaied a significant improvement of exposure, as shown by the AUC and Cmax values.
• the prodrug sery433 administration in comparison to anlel 38b application in excipient PEG/Cremophor leads to anlel 38b systemic exposure, either in terms of Cmax and AUC, increased significantly being approximately 4-fold higher in case of the prodrug sery433 (see Fig. 4).
• the active compound anlel 38b is released from the prodrug sery433 at the intestine wall by enzymatic cleavage of the phosphate group from the compound by the membrane-bound intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP).
• IAP membrane-bound intestinal alkaline phosphatase
• HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
• LC/MS analyses were obtained by using a Waters Micromass ZQ 4000 mass spectrometer in conjunction with the Waters HPLC apparatus described above.
• High-resolution mass spectra HRMS were recorded by using an Thermo Scientific LTQ Orbitrap XL hybrid FTMS mass spectrometer and arc reported in mlz.
• NMR spectra were recorded at a temperature of 298 K by using a 400 MHz Bruker Avance spectrometer (Bruker AG, Rheinstetten, Germany) equipped with a TXI HCN /-gradient: probe. All spectra were processed by using TOPSPIN2 (Bruker AG, Düsseldorf, Germany).
• 1H NMR chemical shifts (S) are reported in parts per million (ppm) relative to CHCL and
• Example 1 Synthesis of sery433, a prodrug of anlel38b to be cleaved by IAP
• the compound sery433 was prepared according to published protocol (7). To a mixture of di- tert-butyl potassium phosphate (35 g, 141 mmol), KT 1P0 4 * H;0 (127 g, 557 mmol), n- BU 4 NHSO 4 (4 g, 1 1 mmol), H 2 O (125 ml) and tBuOMe (170 ml) a solution of chloromethyl chloro sulfate (35 g, 212 mmol) in tBuOVIe (35 ml) was added dropwise with continuous vigorous stirring in 25 minutes at 0 °C. After the addition was completed stirring was continued for 2 hours at room temperature (the reaction mixture was cooled if internal temperature exceeded 30 °C).
• the stability of compounds in the aqueous solution was determined by NMR.
• the sample containing a solution of compound (5 mg) in D20 (0.5 ml) was incubated at room temperature
• sery447 a further potential prodrug of anlel 38b was synthesized, termed sery447:
• the compound sery447 was prepared according to the published protocol (8) starting from nicotinic acid and purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel (CH 2 CI 2 ) to provide nicotinic acid chloromethyl ester (yield 55%) as an yellow oil.
• sery447 was not classified as a suitable prodrug to solve the problems mentioned above.
• sery435 A further potential prodrug of anlel38b was synthesized, termed sery435:
• nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (0.62 g, 3.5 mmol) was added in small portions with continuous vigorous stirring at room temperature. After stirring at room temperature for 4 days, additional portions of nicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride (0.20 g, 1.9 mmol) and Et 3 N (0.22 g, 2.2 mmol) were added and the stirring was continued for another 3 days.
• sery434b (1 g, 2.23 mmol) and Mel (1.5 g, 10.56 mrnol) in acetonitrile (12 ml) was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to provide sery435 (1 g, 76%) as a yellow solid.
• Sery435 is the mixture of isomers in ratio 1 : 1 .2 ( 1 H NMR).
• sery450 sery451 2 isomers ratio 1 :1 . isomers ratio 1
• Comparison Example 7 Synthesis of anle380, based on PEG600, to be cleaved by peptidases
• anle380 A common approach when designing a water-soluble and stable prodrug is a derivatisation via PEG600 dicarbonic acid which by itself is miscible in all ratios with water.
• anle380 a further potential prodrug of anlel38b was synthesized, termed anle380:
• PEG-based bischioroanhydride prepared by reaction of corresponding diacid (poly( ethylene glycol) bis(carboxymethyl)ether, average Mn 600) (3 g, 5 mmol) and SOCK).
• anlel38b (3,43 g, 10 mmol) and Et 3 N (1.01 g, 10 mmol) in EtOAc (150 ml) was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature.
• Insoluble material was filtered off; the filtrate was washed with 5% aqueous solution of citric acid (50 ml) and brine.
• the resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to approximately 20 ml volume and then slowly poured in hexane (150 ml).
• the stability of compounds in the aqueous solution was determined by NMR.
• the sample containing a solution of compound (5 mg) in D20 (0.5 ml) was incubated at room temperature
• the derivatives of the present invention are stable.
• the active compound is released by highly abundant enzyme for cleavage and surprisingly the enzyme does not release the hydrophobic compound into the lumen of the gut but “holds" on to it until it is passed on to the gut membrane for passive transport into the blood.
• the tissues were thawed at 4 °C prior to use.
• the tissue was homogenized twice in 5 rnL of acetonitrile at maximum speed for 3 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA ULTRA-TURRAX Tube drive workstation, Germany).
• the homogenate was ultrasonicated at 30 °C for 5 minutes and centrifuged at 5.000 x g for 10 minutes.
• An aliquot (1 0 pL) of supernatant was injected into HPLC system. Samples were quantified using peak area ratio of compounds to external standard (see Fig. 3).
• Compound Dose mg Animal No Time, h anlel 38b level in the brain, nmol/g sery433 1.45 1 1 6.15
• a solution of sery433 as a di sodium salt (dose level 10 mg'kg. dose volume 10 ml/kg) in 25 mM phosphate buffer pT I 7 was applied by gavage to CD rats.
• the plasma samples were collected at corresponding time points, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 C.
• the tissues were thawed at 4 °C prior to use. They were homogenized twice in 5 ml. of acetonitnle at maximum speed for 3 minutes using a homogenizer (IKA ULTRA-TURRAX Tube drive workstation, Germany).
• the homogenate was ultrasonicated at 30 °C for 5 minutes and centri uged at 5000 x g for 10 minutes. An aliquot (100 ⁇ ) of supernatant was injected into HPLC system. Samples were quantified using peak area ratio of compounds to external standard (see Fig. 3).
• Phase 1 three naive male CD rats were dosed orally with anlel 38b at a target dose level of 10 mg/kg.
• Phase 2 one week later (wash out period), sery433 at a target dose of 10 mg/kg was administered orally to the same animals.
• the vehicle was prepared by weighing Cremophor RH40 (45% of final volume); PEG400 (35% of final volume) and Capryol 90 (20% of final volume). The mixture was stirred and melted at approximately 50°C (e.g.: thermo-stated bath) for ca. 15 minutes (min) until a clear liquid was obtained. Then test compound was weighed and added to vehicle keep under agitation at 50°C. The mixture was stirred for further 15 min and sonicated for 10 min until a clear (visual inspection) solution was obtained.
• Cremophor RH40 45% of final volume
• PEG400 35% of final volume
• Capryol 90 20% of final volume
• the nominal concentration of the phosphate buffer was 2 mM.

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