WO2017101194A1 - 一种基于3d打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法 - Google Patents

一种基于3d打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法 Download PDF

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WO2017101194A1
WO2017101194A1 PCT/CN2016/071502 CN2016071502W WO2017101194A1 WO 2017101194 A1 WO2017101194 A1 WO 2017101194A1 CN 2016071502 W CN2016071502 W CN 2016071502W WO 2017101194 A1 WO2017101194 A1 WO 2017101194A1
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optical fiber
printing
fiber preform
feeding
nozzle
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PCT/CN2016/071502
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张梦
沈平
成学平
刘猛
刘健
黄治家
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深圳市杰普特光电股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2017101194A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017101194A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/0128—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments starting from pulverulent glass

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  • the present invention relates to the field of optical fiber technologies, and in particular, to a method for fabricating an optical fiber preform based on a 3D printing technology.
  • Optical fibers are currently used in fiber optic communications, fiber lasers, fiber optic sensing, laser surgery, imaging optics, and spectroscopy.
  • the global demand for fiber optic and fiber optic cable was approximately 279 million core kilometers, and the demand for the corresponding fiber preforms was as high as 9,200 tons, mainly in the Asia Pacific region.
  • optical fiber preforms fabricated using conventional methods are uniform in axial distribution and annular in cross-section—although capillary tube stacking techniques enable fiber preforms to achieve special annular air holes in cross-section. Because the new fiber has special requirements for cross-sectional structure or axial non-uniform material distribution, the design of the new fiber cannot be realized in the manufacturing process, and the unmatched function of the new fiber cannot be provided in various applications.
  • Existing methods include, but are not limited to, extrusion processing, tube bar technology, duplex crucibles, float processes, Phasil process capillary or rod stacking methods, modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD), external chemical vapor deposition (OVD), Axial vapor deposition (VAD), plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD), plasma pulsed chemical vapor deposition (PICVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and plasma external deposition (POD).
  • MCVD modified chemical vapor deposition
  • ODD external chemical vapor deposition
  • VAD Axial vapor deposition
  • PCVD plasma chemical vapor deposition
  • PICVD plasma pulsed chemical vapor deposition
  • PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
  • POD plasma external deposition
  • preforms made using these techniques face various problems, including impurities and bubbles, low tolerance to internal structural complexity, complex processes, toxic gases, and inability to refract along the axis. The rate or structure changes and so
  • the present invention provides a simple structure and convenient operation, and is safe, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and low in maintenance cost compared with the conventional technology, and can manufacture a customized optical fiber preform with higher degree of freedom, and Technical solutions to eliminate splice loss and coupling loss in subsequent fiber applications:
  • a method for fabricating an optical fiber preform based on 3D printing technology comprising a 3D printing device, comprising a filling nozzle mechanism and a plurality of feeding tubes for conveying printing materials, wherein the feeding tube is provided with a feeding element, and the feeding element is connected
  • the speed regulating device also has an intelligent heating element on the feeding tube, a material chamber is arranged below the plurality of feeding tubes, an injection nozzle mechanism is arranged below the material chamber, the injection nozzle mechanism is connected to the extrusion mechanism, and the feeding tube transmits different types of optical fiber preforms.
  • Raw materials Raw materials.
  • the injection nozzle mechanism comprises a nozzle device and a PLC controller
  • the nozzle device comprises a casing and a nozzle
  • the casing is provided with a guiding sleeve, a push rod and a positioning and pushing device
  • the push rod is disposed in the guiding sleeve
  • the lower end of the push rod is connected to the positioning and pushing device
  • the controller has a nozzle connected to the upper end of the push rod, and a wear core tube is arranged on both sides of the nozzle inner cavity, and the upper end of the wear core tube is fixedly connected with the lock ring.
  • the optical fiber preform extruded by the extrusion mechanism has a circular or non-circular cross section, and the non-circular micro-structure is formed in the cross section of the optical fiber preform, mainly including an air layer and silicon dioxide.
  • the layer, the air layer and the silicon dioxide layer are alternately arranged, and the distance between the center points of the adjacent two air layers is ⁇ , and the spacing between the adjacent two air layers is 0.02 ⁇ , and the intermediate layer of the silicon dioxide layer and the air layer The spacing between the two is 0.12 ⁇ .
  • a fiber optic whistle resonator is provided in the extrusion mechanism.
  • the optical fiber preform manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
  • the PLC controller sets the positioning distance of the positioning and pushing device
  • the speed regulating device drives the feeding component, and the printing raw material fed from the outside to the feeding pipe is continuously and continuously transmitted;
  • the intelligent heating element continuously heats the printing material, and the generated heat is transmitted to the printing raw material passing through the wall of the feeding tube;
  • the printing material is continuously heated during the continuous movement until it is completely softened, and the softened printing raw material enters the material cavity;
  • the positioning and pushing device drives the push rod to move downward in the guide sleeve, drives the nozzle to move to the set value, and finally prints the required optical fiber preform through the extrusion mechanism.
  • the structure principle of the invention is simple and convenient to operate, and a customized optical fiber preform with higher degree of freedom can be manufactured compared with the conventional technology.
  • the invention adopts a fiber optic whistle resonator, which can change the refractive index and structure of the optical fiber in three dimensions at the same time, and can manufacture an optical fiber preform composed of a plurality of parts and different refractive indexes and structural sections each. And there is no need to use fusion splices or connectors to eliminate splice losses and coupling losses in subsequent fiber optic applications.
  • the invention is safe, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and low in maintenance cost, and is suitable for mass production of optical fibers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a 3D printing apparatus of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a structural view of the injection nozzle mechanism of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a structural view of an optical fiber of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of an anti-resonance optical fiber of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a structural diagram of another anti-resonant optical fiber of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a refractive index profile of a fiber optic whistle gallery resonator of the present invention.
  • a 3D printing technology-based optical fiber preform manufacturing method includes a 3D printing device, and the 3D printing device includes an injection nozzle mechanism 1 and a plurality of feeding tubes for conveying printing materials.
  • the feeding tube 2 is provided with a feeding element 3
  • the feeding element 3 is connected to the speed regulating device 4, and the feeding tube 2 is further provided with an intelligent heating element 5, a plurality of feeding tubes 2 are provided below the material chamber 6, and an injection nozzle mechanism 1 is arranged below the material chamber 6.
  • the injection nozzle mechanism 1 is connected to an extrusion mechanism 7, which transports different types of raw materials of the optical fiber preform.
  • the injection nozzle mechanism 1 of the present invention includes a nozzle device including a housing 12 and a nozzle 13 in which a guide sleeve 14, a push rod 15 and a positioning and ejecting device 16 are disposed, and the push rod 15 is disposed on the guide sleeve 14, the lower end of the push rod 15 is connected to the positioning and pushing device 16, the positioning and pushing device 16 is connected to the PLC controller 11, the upper end of the push rod 15 is connected with the nozzle 13, and the inner cavity of the nozzle 13 is provided with a wear-resistant core tube 17, and the wear-resistant core tube 17 The upper end is fixedly connected to the locking ring 18.
  • the optical fiber preform extruded by the extrusion mechanism 7 has a circular or non-circular cross section, and the non-circular micro-structure is formed in the cross section of the optical fiber preform, mainly including the air layer 8 and the silicon dioxide layer. 9, the air layer 8 and the silicon dioxide layer 9 are staggered, the distance between the center points of the adjacent two air layers 8 is ⁇ , then the spacing between the adjacent two air layers 8 is 0.02 ⁇ , the middle of the silicon dioxide layer 9 The distance between the point and the air layer is 0.12 ⁇ . Customized fiber preforms with higher degrees of freedom can be manufactured compared to conventional techniques.
  • the width of the rib in the photonic crystal fiber preform extruded by the extrusion mechanism 7 of the present invention can be arbitrarily small, and the air volume ratio can be very large, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, including the silicon dioxide layer 9 and The air layer 8, the ultra-small air volume ratio silicon dioxide layer 9 can greatly suppress the transmission loss of the anti-resonant hollow fiber, because most of the light is transmitted in the air without being absorbed by any material.
  • a fiber optic whistle gallery resonator 10 is disposed in the extrusion mechanism 7, as shown in FIG.
  • the refractive index and structure of the fiber can be varied in three dimensions simultaneously, and refractive index and structural changes along the axis can be introduced into the fiber. This enables a number of fiber designs that are otherwise impossible to achieve, improving the performance of currently achievable fiber optic equipment by eliminating the consequent splice and connection losses in fiber applications.
  • the method for fabricating the optical fiber preform includes the following steps:
  • the PLC controller 11 sets the positioning distance of the positioning and pushing device 16;
  • the speed regulating device 4 drives the feeding member 3, and the printing raw material fed from the outside into the feeding tube 2 is continuously transmitted continuously; the feeding material is fed to the feeding member 3 The speed is adjusted to control the feed rate of the printed materials in different feed pipes 2;
  • the intelligent heating element 5 continuously heats the printing material, and the generated heat is transmitted to the printing raw material passing through the wall of the feeding tube 2;
  • the printing material is continuously heated during the continuous movement until completely softened, and the softened printing raw material enters the material chamber 6;
  • the semi-fluid printing raw material moving in the cavity 6 will be squeezed, flowing out from the discharge port, into the nozzle 1;
  • the positioning and pushing device 16 drives the push rod 15 to move downward in the guide sleeve 14, drives the nozzle 13 to move to a set value, and finally prints the required optical fiber preform through the extrusion mechanism 7.
  • the raw materials include silica, fluoride, fluorine phosphorus compounds, tantalum powder, Chalcogenide, lead silicate, tellurite, sodium zinc silicate glass and the like.
  • raw materials include fluoride, fluorine phosphorus compounds, tantalum powder, chalcogenide, lead silicate, tellurite, sodium zinc tellurite glass, etc., relative to dioxide
  • the melting point of these raw materials is relatively low ( ⁇ 500 ° C).
  • various 3D printing technologies can be employed. These include, but are not limited to, fused deposition fabrication, digital light processing, stereolithography, selective high temperature sintering, and selective laser sintering.
  • thermoplastics Depending on the specific physical properties of the different raw materials, the best choice for 3D printing technology will vary. These physical properties include melting point, boiling point, curing rate of photopolymer, solidification rate, surface tension, viscosity, phase transition temperature of plastics and glass, heat distortion temperature of photopolymer, and the like.
  • fused deposition fabrication is used when extruding thermoplastics because the thermoplastic material undergoes a state change upon heating.
  • Digital light processing and stereolithography are used for photopolymers because exposure of the photopolymer to ultraviolet and visible light changes physical and chemical properties. Digital light processing and stereolithography are used for granular thermoplastics because of the physical support between the thermoplastic particles, and thermal printheads or laser beams can print complex and fine internal structures.
  • the raw material is silica melted at a temperature of 1600-1725 ° C, sometimes incorporating some GeO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , fluorine, B 2 O 3 or rare earth ions. These raw materials have a relatively low melting point compared to silica and metals. In the case of such a high melting point, selective laser sintering technology is more suitable. For silicon glass doped with different ions, there are some differences in the printing process, taking into account their phase transition temperature, viscosity, surface tension, solidification speed and absorption of laser scanning. The power and speed of the laser scan also need to be adjusted accordingly.
  • the refractive index in the axial direction needs to be changed, this can be easily achieved by conveying the customized silica powder in the feed tube 2. Since the powder is conveyed layer by layer into the extrusion mechanism 7, and the thickness of each layer is on the order of micrometers, the change in refractive index can be very smooth.
  • the invention has the advantages that the structure principle is simple and the operation is convenient, and the customized optical fiber preform with higher degree of freedom can be manufactured compared with the conventional technology; the optical fiber echo resonator can be used in three dimensions at the same time.
  • the refractive index and structure of the fiber it is possible to fabricate an optical fiber preform consisting of multiple parts with different refractive indices and structural sections, and eliminate the need for fusion or joints to eliminate splice loss in subsequent fiber applications. And coupling loss to improve the performance of the currently achievable fiber optic equipment; the invention is safe, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and low in maintenance cost, and is suitable for mass production of optical fibers.

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Abstract

一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法，包括3D打印设备，3D打印设备包括注入喷嘴机构（1）以及多根传输打印物料的进料管（2），进料管（2）上设置有进给元件（3），进给元件（3）连接调速装置（4），进料管（2）上还设置智能加热元件（5），多个进料管（2）下方设有料腔（6），料腔（6）下方设有注入喷嘴机构（1），注入喷嘴机构（1）连接挤出机构（7），进料管（2）传输光纤预制棒的不同类型原材料，智能加热元件（5）的温度根据原材料的熔点或相变温度进行调整，可以制造定制化光纤预制棒，并且在后续光纤应用中消除熔接损耗和耦合损耗。

Description

一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法 技术领域：
本发明涉及光纤技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法。
背景技术：
光纤目前被广泛应用于光导纤维通信，光纤激光器，光纤传感，激光手术，成像光学和光谱学等等技术中。仅在2012年，全球对于光纤和光缆的需求约为2.79亿芯公里，对于相应的光纤预制棒的需求多达9200吨，主要分布在亚太地区。尽管对光纤预制棒的需求可观，随着定制化光纤预制棒的需求越来越多，对于光纤预制棒多样化的要求也在增长中。然而，使用传统方法制造出来的光纤预制棒在轴向分布是均匀的，并且在横截面方向是圆环状的—尽管毛细管块茎叠加技术能够让光纤预制棒在横截面实现特殊的环形空气孔。因为新型光纤对横截面结构或者轴向非均匀性的材料分布有特殊要求，这就导致新型光纤的设计无法在制造过程中实现，而且在各种不同应用中也无法提供新型光纤无与伦比的功能。
现有方法包括但不仅限于挤制加工，管棒法技术，复式坩埚，浮法工艺，Phasil工艺毛细管或棒状堆积法，改进的化学气相沉积法(MCVD)，外部化学气相沉积法(OVD),轴向气相沉积法(VAD)，等离子化学气相沉积法(PCVD),等离子脉冲化学蒸汽沉积(PICVD),等离子体增强化学蒸汽沉积(PECVD)以及等离子外部沉积(POD).然 而，使用这些技术制造出来的预制棒会面临各种问题，包括不纯物以及气泡的污染，对内部结构复杂性的低耐受性，复杂的流程，含有毒气体，沿轴线方向无法对折射率或结构做出改变等等问题。
在许多光纤通信系统和光纤激光器系统中，不同阶段中使用了不同类型的光纤，因此需要对两种不同类型的光纤进行熔接或者使用连接头进行连接。在不同类型的光纤之间进行熔接会导致约0.05dB的熔接损耗；而通过连接头连接的光纤导致的损耗更会高达0.3dB.这些损耗会使系统的性能变差，并限制传输距离。
发明内容：
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种结构原理简单、操作方便，与传统技术相比，安全无毒、环保、维修费用低，可以制造出自由度更高的定制化光纤预制棒，并且在后续光纤应用中消除熔接损耗和耦合损耗的技术方案：
一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法，包括3D打印设备，3D打印设备包括注入喷嘴机构以及多根传输打印物料的进料管，进料管上设置有进给元件，进给元件连接调速装置，进料管上还设置智能加热元件，多个进料管下方设有料腔，料腔下方设有注入喷嘴机构，注入喷嘴机构连接挤出机构，进料管传输光纤预制棒不同类型原材料。
作为优选，注入喷嘴机构包括喷嘴装置和PLC控制器，喷嘴装置包括外壳和喷嘴，外壳内设有导向套、推杆和定位推出装置，推杆设置在导向套内，推杆下端连接定位推出装置，定位推出装置连接PLC 控制器，推杆上端连接喷嘴，喷嘴内腔两侧设有耐磨芯管，耐磨芯管上端固定连接锁定环。
作为优选，挤出机构挤出的光纤预制棒的横截面为圆形或非圆形的任意结构，在光纤预制棒的横截面构成非圆环型的微细结构，主要包括空气层和二氧化硅层，空气层和二氧化硅层交错设置，相邻两个空气层中心点之间距离为Λ，则相邻两个空气层之间间距为0.02Λ，二氧化硅层中间点与空气层之间间距为0.12Λ。
作为优选，在挤出机构中设置光纤回音廊谐振器。
作为优选，光纤预制棒制作方法包括以下步骤：
A、为需要打印的光纤预制棒建模，将建成的三维模型分割成二维面，并将截面信息存储于3D打印设备的程序中；
B、PLC控制器设定定位推出装置的定位距离；
C、启动3D打印设备，调速装置驱动进给元件，从外部进给到进料管中的打印原材料，且源源不断地进行持续地传输；
D、智能加热元件对打印物料持续加热，产生的热量透过进料管的管壁，传递到所经过的打印原材料上；
E、打印物料在持续移动的过程中不断被加热，直至完全软化，软化后的打印原材料进入料腔；
F、料腔内动的半流体打印原材料就会被挤压，从出料口流出，进入喷嘴；
G、定位推出装置带动推杆在导向套内向下运动，带动喷嘴运动到到设定的值，最后通过挤出机构打印出所需要的光纤预制棒。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明结构原理简单、操作方便，与传统技术相比，可以制造出自由度更高的定制化光纤预制棒。
(2)本发明采用光纤回音廊谐振器，可以同时在三个维度上改变光纤的折射率和结构，可以一次性制造出由多个部分组成且每部分折射率和结构剖面不同的光纤预制棒，而且不需要用到熔接或连接头，在后续光纤应用中消除熔接损耗和耦合损耗。
(3)本发明安全无毒、环保、维修费用低，适合于光纤的大批量生产。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的3D打印设备结构简图；
图2为本发明的注入喷嘴机构结构图；
图3为本发明的一种光纤的结构图；
图4为本发明的一种抗共振光纤结构图；
图5为本发明的另一种抗共振光纤结构图；
图6为本发明的光纤回音廊谐振器折射率分布图。
具体实施方式：
为使本发明的发明目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
如图1、图2、图3所示，一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法，包括3D打印设备，所述3D打印设备包括注入喷嘴机构1以及多根传输打印物料的进料管2，所述进料管2上设置有进给元件3， 所述进给元件3连接调速装置4，所述进料管2上还设置智能加热元件5，多个进料管2下方设有料腔6，所述料腔6下方设有注入喷嘴机构1，所述注入喷嘴机构1连接挤出机构7，所述进料管2传输光纤预制棒不同类型原材料。
本发明的注入喷嘴机构1包括喷嘴装置和PLC控制器11，喷嘴装置包括外壳12和喷嘴13，外壳12内设有导向套14、推杆15和定位推出装置16，推杆15设置在导向套14内，推杆15下端连接定位推出装置16，定位推出装置16连接PLC控制器11，推杆15上端连接喷嘴13，喷嘴13内腔两侧设有耐磨芯管17，耐磨芯管17上端固定连接锁定环18。
挤出机构7挤出的光纤预制棒的横截面为圆形或非圆形的任意结构，在光纤预制棒的横截面构成非圆环型的微细结构，主要包括空气层8和二氧化硅层9，空气层8和二氧化硅层9交错设置，相邻两个空气层8中心点之间距离为Λ，则相邻两个空气层8之间间距为0.02Λ，二氧化硅层9中间点与空气层之间间距为0.12Λ。与传统技术相比，可以制造出自由度更高的定制化光纤预制棒。
本发明挤出机构7挤出的光子晶体光纤预制棒中挡边的宽度可以任意小，且空气体积比可以非常大，如图4、图5所示的光纤结构，包括二氧化硅层9和空气层8，超小空气体积比的二氧化硅层9可以极大的抑制抗共振空心光纤的传输损耗，因为大部分光在空气当中传输而不会被任何材料吸收。
另外，在所述挤出机构7中设置光纤回音廊谐振器10，如图6 所示，可以同时在三个维度上改变光纤的折射率和结构，沿轴线方向的折射率和结构改变可以引进到光纤中。这能够实现许多种通过其他方式无法实现的光纤设计，能通过消除在光纤应用中随之而来的熔接和连接损耗以提高当前可实现光纤设备的性能。
本实施例中，光纤预制棒制作方法包括以下步骤：
A、为需要打印的光纤预制棒建模，将建成的三维模型分割成二维截面，并将截面信息存储于3D打印设备的程序中；
B、PLC控制器11设定定位推出装置16的定位距离；
C、启动3D打印设备，调速装置4驱动进给元件3，从外部进给到进料管2中的打印原材料，且源源不断地进行持续地传输；对进给元件3进给打印原材料的速度进行调节，控制不同进料管2中打印物料的进给速度；
D、智能加热元件5对打印物料持续加热，产生的热量透过进料管2的管壁，传递到所经过的打印原材料上；
E、打印物料在持续移动的过程中不断被加热，直至完全软化，软化后的打印原材料进入料腔6；
F、料腔6内动的半流体打印原材料就会被挤压，从出料口流出，进入喷嘴1；
G、定位推出装置16带动推杆15在导向套14内向下运动，带动喷嘴13运动到到设定的值，最后通过挤出机构7打印出所需要的光纤预制棒。
本实施例中，原材料包括二氧化硅、氟化物、氟磷化合物，铋粉， 硫族化物，硅酸铅，亚碲酸盐，钠锌镧碲酸盐玻璃等物质。对于软玻璃或者聚合物的光纤预制棒，原材料包括氟化物、氟磷化合物，铋粉，硫族化物，硅酸铅，亚碲酸盐，钠锌镧碲酸盐玻璃等物质，相对于二氧化硅(熔点>1600℃)而言，这些原材料的熔点相对较低(<500℃)。基于此特性，各种3D打印技术可以被采用。包括但不仅限于熔融沉积制造，数字光处理,立体平版印刷,选择性高温烧结以及选择性激光烧结等等技术。
根据不同原材料的特殊物理特性，3D打印技术的最佳选择也会有所不同。这些物理特性包括熔点，沸点，光敏聚合物的固化速度，凝固速度，表面张力，黏度，塑料和玻璃的相变温度，光敏聚合物的热变形温度等等。比如，在挤出热塑性塑料时会用到熔融沉积制造,因为热塑性材料在加热之后会经受状态改变。数字光处理和立体平版印刷被用于光敏聚合物，因为光敏聚合物曝光在紫外或可见光中会改变物理和化学特性。数字光处理和立体平版印刷被用于颗粒状的热塑性塑料，因为热塑性塑料颗粒之间存在物理支持力，而热敏打印头或激光光束可以将他们打印出复杂和精细的内部结构。
对于硅玻璃的光纤预制棒，原材料是在1600-1725℃的温度下融化的二氧化硅，有时会掺入一些GeO2,Al2O3,氟,B2O3或稀土离子等等物质。与二氧化硅和金属比起来，这些原材料的熔点相对较低。在这样高熔点的情况下，选择性激光烧结技术更合适。对于掺入了不同离子的硅玻璃，印刷过程也有一些不同之处，要综合考虑到它们的相变温度，黏度，表面张力，凝固速度以及激光扫描的吸收情况等等。 激光扫描的功率和移动速度也需要进行相应的调整。如果沿轴线方向的折射率需要变化，这可以通过在进料管2输送定做的二氧化硅粉末而轻松达到。因为粉末是一层一层的输送进挤出机构7，并且每层的厚度在微米量级，折射率的改变可以非常平稳。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明结构原理简单、操作方便，与传统技术相比，可以制造出自由度更高的定制化光纤预制棒；采用光纤回音廊谐振器，可以同时在三个维度上改变光纤的折射率和结构，可以一次性制造出由多个部分组成且每部分折射率和结构剖面不同的光纤预制棒，而且不需要用到熔接或连接头，在后续光纤应用中消除熔接损耗和耦合损耗以提高当前可实现光纤设备的性能；本发明安全无毒、环保、维修费用低，适合于光纤的大批量生产。
上述实施例只是本发明的较佳实施例，并不是对本发明技术方案的限制，只要是不经过创造性劳动即可在上述实施例的基础上实现的技术方案，均应视为落入本发明专利的权利保护范围内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法，其特征在于：包括3D打印设备，所述3D打印设备包括注入喷嘴机构以及多根传输打印物料的进料管，所述进料管上设置有进给元件，所述进给元件连接调速装置，所述进料管上还设置智能加热元件，多个进料管下方设有料腔，所述料腔下方设有注入喷嘴机构，所述注入喷嘴机构连接挤出机构，所述进料管传输光纤预制棒不同类型原材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法，其特征在于：所述注入喷嘴机构包括喷嘴装置和PLC控制器，所述喷嘴装置包括外壳和喷嘴，外壳内设有导向套、推杆和定位推出装置，所述推杆设置在所述导向套内，所述推杆下端连接定位推出装置，所述定位推出装置连接PLC控制器，所述推杆上端连接喷嘴，所述喷嘴内腔两侧设有耐磨芯管，耐磨芯管上端固定连接锁定环。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法，其特征在于：所述挤出机构挤出的光纤预制棒的横截面为圆形或非圆形的任意结构，在光纤预制棒的横截面构成非圆环型的微细结构，主要包括空气层和二氧化硅层，空气层和二氧化硅层交错设置，相邻两个空气层中心点之间距离为Λ，则相邻两个空气层之间间距为0.02Λ，二氧化硅层中间点与空气层之间间距为0.12Λ。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方法，其特征在于：在所述挤出机构中设置光纤回音廊谐振器。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于3D打印技术的光纤预制棒制作方 法，其特征在于：光纤预制棒制作方法包括以下步骤：
    A、为需要打印的光纤预制棒建模，将建成的三维模型分割成二维面，并将截面信息存储于3D打印设备的程序中；
    A、 PLC控制器设定定位推出装置的定位距离；
    C、启动3D打印设备，调速装置驱动进给元件，从外部进给到进料管中的打印原材料，且源源不断地进行持续地传输；
    D、智能加热元件对打印物料持续加热，产生的热量透过进料管的管壁，传递到所经过的打印原材料上；
    E、打印物料在持续移动的过程中不断被加热，直至完全软化，软化后的打印原材料进入料腔；
    F、料腔内动的半流体打印原材料就会被挤压，从出料口流出，进入喷嘴；
    G、定位推出装置带动推杆在导向套内向下运动，带动喷嘴运动到到设定的值，最后通过挤出机构打印出所需要的光纤预制棒。
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