WO2017099634A1

WO2017099634A1 - Method for producing a protein feed supplement from animal raw materials

Info

Publication number: WO2017099634A1
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000834
Authority: WO
Inventors: Павел Григорьевич ТРЕПАК; Николай Станиславович КОРЧАК
Original assignee: Павел Григорьевич ТРЕПАК; Николай Станиславович КОРЧАК
Priority date: 2015-12-07
Filing date: 2016-11-30
Publication date: 2017-06-15
Also published as: WO2017099633A1; RU2609904C1

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of feed supplements from keratin-containing waste and can be used for making a protein product of high nutritional value. The object of the present invention is to create a method for producing a highly nutritious animal feed supplement based on keratin-containing waste with high moisture content, which meets the criterion of increased quality of feeding, and helps to improve the physiological state of the animals, in particular, to improve livestock productivity. The method for producing a protein feed supplement from animal raw materials is characterised in that extrusion of moist raw material is provided in an extruder (6) with thermal treatment at 180-250⁰C under pressure while carrying out trituration and hydrolysis during 30-90 sec; the treatment of the raw material is conducted during its passage along the extruder (6) and through a plate-shaped die (7) combined with an internal disk knife (8), which, when rotating relative to each other, create a pressure in the range of 70 to 100 MPa; and box calf leather hide waste, bristle and wool waste with humidity of 60-80% are used as the raw material.

Description

Method for the production of feed protein supplements from animal feed

Technical field

The invention relates to a method for the production of feed additives from keratin-containing waste and can be used for the manufacture of a protein product with high nutritional value.

State of the art

A known method of producing a feed additive for dogs and animals based on keratin-containing waste, described in the patent for the invention of Russia N ° 2505993, published 02/10/2014, The method of obtaining a feed additive for dogs and animals based on keratin-containing waste, characterized in that it provides for grinding keratin-containing wastes together with other ingredients of the feed additive (bare oats, red carrots, flaxseed cake, glacial acetic acid, bentonite) to a particle size of 5-10 mm and extruding the resulting co mosmesi at a temperature of 450 ° C and 60 MPa for 190 s.

The disadvantage of this method is that the extrusion is carried out at a temperature of 450 ° C, which leads to the decomposition of amino acids and a decrease in their content in the product.

The closest analogue selected as a prototype is Russian patent No. 2203559, published May 10, 2003. There is a known method of producing a feed additive from raw materials of animal origin with a moisture content of not more than 30%, providing for its heat treatment under pressure with simultaneous grinding, processing of raw materials is carried out by extrusion at 100-300 ° С and 1-40 MPa for 2-160 s, and chrome leather wastes are used as raw materials. In this case, the raw material may additionally contain sodium nitrate and / or sodium nitrite in the following ratio of components, May. %: Nitrate and / or sodium nitrite - 0.1-3.0 and plant products.

The disadvantage of this method is that in the method only waste products of chrome leather with a moisture content of not more than 30% are processed, in addition, insufficient compression, heating and time of advancement of the feedstock in the gap between the wall extruder press and the channel of the working body of the extruder-worm, leads to incomplete hydrolysis of collagen keratin-containing waste and reduce the nutritional value of the final feed additive. The proposed ranges of temperature (100-300 ° C), pressure (1-40 MPa) and time (2-160 s) low moisture content do not lead to complete hydrolysis of disulfide bonds (-SS-) of keratin protein molecules of keratin-containing waste products, therefore proteolytic enzymes the digestive juices of animals such a feed additive is poorly digested. The inclusion of sodium nitrate (nitrite) in a feed additive causes generalized amide toxicosis and methemoglobinuria in animals, especially dogs and animals. The method provides, to a greater extent, mainly the removal of toxic chromium compounds in leather waste, rather than increasing the nutritional value of the final product.

The described disadvantages are due to the small capabilities of the equipment on which the processing of raw materials takes place. In the proposed prototype, the raw material is compressed, heated and hydrolyzed between the wall of the extruder and the channel of the working body of the extruder - the worm. In the homogenization zone, the product finally passes from the solid phase to the viscoplastic; here melting occurs as a result of the conversion of the mechanical energy of the working bodies of the extruder into. thermal energy and due to internal friction in the product during autogenous operation of the extruder. Also, the product can be additionally heated by a heating element, for example a spiral. Adjustable heat supply due to the heating coil ensures the maintenance of the most rational temperature regime necessary to ensure the flow of physico-chemical changes with the components (proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, etc.) of the processed product.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a highly nutritious feed additive for animals based on high humidity keratin-containing wastes, corresponding to improved feeding quality, contributing to the improvement of the physiological state of animals, in terms of increasing the productivity of the livestock. The problem is achieved in that in a method for the production of feed protein supplements from animal feed, characterized in that it provides for the extrusion of wet materials in an extruder, with heat treatment at 180-250 ° C under pressure with simultaneous grinding and hydrolysis for 30-90 s, according to the invention, the processing of raw materials is carried out with its passage in the extruder through a plate die with an internal circular knife, creating a pressure of 70-100 MPa when rotating relative to each other, and using raw materials dissolved chrome leather waste, bristles, wool waste, humidity 60-80%.

Due to the fact that the processing of raw materials is carried out with its passage in the extruder through a disk die with an internal circular knife, creating a pressure of 70-100 MPa when rotating relative to each other, and the waste material is used as chrome leather, bristles, wool waste, humidity 60- 80%., Receive a highly nutritious fodder protein supplement for animals based on high humidity keratin-containing wastes, corresponding to improved feeding quality, contributing to the improvement of the physiological state of animals, in terms of increasing productivity spine stock.

The inventive method for the production of feed protein supplements from raw materials of animal origin has novelty in comparison with the prototype, differs from it by the above characteristics and ensures the achievement of the technical result perceived by the applicant.

The set of essential features of the proposed method for the production of protein feed additives from raw materials of animal origin does not follow explicitly from the studied prior art, i.e. meets the criteria of "novelty" and "inventive step".

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the proposed method for the production of fodder protein supplements from raw materials of animal origin is illustrated by the drawings, which show: figure 1 is a kinematic diagram of a device with an extruder for the production of feed protein supplements from raw materials of animal origin; The essence of the technological process of the method of production of feed protein supplements from raw materials of animal origin is as follows.

Wet raw material 60-80% from the receiving hopper 1 through a chain conveyor 2 enters a rotary hammer mill 3 of type DKU-2 where it is crushed to a fraction of 2-3 mm, pneumatic conveying 4 is fed into the batcher 5 of the extruder 6 FEM-2UT, where it is subjected to intensive mixing for humidity equalization, from the hopper of the dispenser 5 enters under the forced pressure of the screw of the dispenser into the extruder 6. Wet raw materials passing through the screw of the extruder 6 are intensively mixed, fray, the temperature of the mixture rises, passing the compression diaphragm of the extruder 6 water containing in the raw material boils, breaks the bonds of keratin molecules, resistant keratins break down (Fig. 1)

A plate-shaped die 7 with a circular knife 8 is used in the extruder for the extrusion of wet products, which allows at a humidity of 60-80% to raise the pressure to 100 MPa and keep the temperature stable above 250 ° C, complete keratin hydrolysis, digest it into digestible pure protein natural product and at the same time retain all the amino acids present in the raw material. The device of the die 7 with a circular knife 8 is described in the application for the invention N ° 2015152303, declared 07.12.2015

A completely sterilized, sterile, uniform, loose protein product is obtained whose protein is in an easily digestible form. In this case, the heat necessary for the hydrolysis reaction is released due to intense deformation of the raw material and external friction. The required pressure of 100 MPa is created in a poppet plate.

From the extruder 6 in the form of a powder, the product enters the receiver 9, where it is completely separated from the steam and brought to complete cooling. The receiver 9 is a tray auger, where the steam is forcibly sucked off by a fan, replacing the steam with cold air, mixing and moving with the receiver auger, the product is intensively cooled. Subsequently, the product enters the receiver 10 of the pneumatic conveyor 11, the pneumatic conveyor 11 is fed into the hopper 12 drive, whereby the bagger 13 is packaged in bags (Fig. 1). The numerical values of the temperature, pressure and time ranges are selected based on the following. The lower boundaries of the ranges (180 ° C, 70 MPa, 30 s) ensure the completeness of the hydrolysis reaction in the barrel of the extruder 6, because with incomplete hydrolysis, the digestibility of the final product is reduced. The upper boundaries of the ranges (250 ° C, 100 MPa, 90 s) ensure the preservation of nutrients obtained during hydrolysis, because excessive increase in temperature, pressure, processing time entails their destruction.

Thus, the economical technology described in the method in a continuous stream of manufacturing a natural protein supplement for animals from keratin containing waste from agriculture and industry, without the use of: chemical components, fillers, steam. This is a completely disinfected (sterile) homogeneous loose protein product, the protein of which is in an easily digestible form.

The invention is illustrated by examples.

EXAMPLE N ° _1:. raw material humidity 60%, heat treatment at a temperature of 180 ° C, pressure created 70 MPa, grinding time and hydrolysis 30 s. At the output, we obtain a disinfected sterile homogeneous loose protein product.

Example Ns 2 raw material humidity 70%, heat treatment at a temperature of 215 ° C, pressure 85 MPa, grinding time and hydrolysis 60 s. At the output, we obtain a disinfected sterile homogeneous loose protein product.

Example N ° .3 raw material humidity 80%, heat treatment at a temperature of 250 ° C, pressure generated by SOMP, grinding time and hydrolysis 90 s. At the output, we obtain a disinfected sterile homogeneous loose protein product.

Example N ° 4: humidity of raw materials 60%, heat treatment at a temperature of 150 ° C, created pressure of 50MPa, grinding time and hydrolysis of 90 s. Poor in mass fraction of moisture, not extruded.

For all four examples, the Nel Table presents the quality indicators of the obtained feed product in comparison with feed flour according to GOST 17536-82. Table 1

The best result in terms of quality is obtained when implementing the method according to the third example, but the first two examples are good in comparison with feed flour according to GOST 17536-82.

The implementation of the method according to the fourth result (close to the prototype in temperature and pressure conditions) does not lead to a positive result even with the longest extrusion process. The processed mass is poorly amenable to the mass fraction of moisture, is not extruded.

To identify the effectiveness of the use of fodder protein supplements, in terms of increasing the productivity of the livestock, a number of experiments and studies were conducted by laboratory and practical methods on pigs.

The aim of these studies was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of a new protein source.

To do this, it was necessary to solve the following tasks:

- determine the chemical composition and nutritional value of BKD;

- conduct veterinary toxicological studies;

- give a zootechnical and economic assessment;

- develop water supplement standards.

The chemical composition and nutrient content of a protein feed additive was studied by the Central Research Laboratory bread products using standard analysis methods adopted in the feed industry of the Republic of Belarus.

Scientific and economic experience in studying the effect of animal feed with the inclusion of protein feed additives and studying the digestibility of basic nutrients was carried out by the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Animal Husbandry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus in the conditions of the Pervomaisky pig farm (separate structural agricultural unit) of OJSC "Belarusian Automobile Plant" of the Smolevichi district of Minsk region.

Soybean meal was used as an alternative source of protein.

For this experiment, 38 heads of young fattening pigs were selected, of which 2 groups of animals were formed, 19 animals each. 1 group of young pigs control for fattening with the addition of soybean meal 6%, 2 group of young pigs experienced with the addition of soybean meal 2% and feed protein supplement 4%.

In scientific and economic experience studied the following indicators:

1. Digestibility of the main nutrients of a feed protein supplement.

2. The chemical composition of the experimental feed

3. The dynamics of live weight - by individual weighing of animals at the beginning and end of the experiment, as well as by periods of rearing;

4. Cost-effectiveness

To study the digestibility of the main nutrients of a feed protein supplement, a differentiated balance experiment was conducted.

The characteristics of the feed protein supplement and soybean meal are shown in table Xs 2.

Table N ° 2

Indicators Unit rev. Protein Soybean Meal

stern

additive

1 2 3 4

Feed units 0.95 1.12

Metabolic energy MJ 12.25 13.89

Dry matter g 835.0 900.0

Crude protein g 796.3 440.0 Continuation of Table 2

From the data obtained in table N ° 2, it was found that the energy value of I kg of dry matter of protein feed additives is: 12, 25 MJ of exchange energy and 0.95 feed. units (in comparison, the exchange energy and feed, the units in soybean meal are slightly larger, respectively, 13, 89 MJ and 1.12).

We also see that the amount of protein per 1 kg of feed protein supplement is almost 70% higher than that of soybean meal, the essential amino acids are almost the same and the data are superior for some amino acids important for feed production.

The table Ns 3 shows the composition and nutritional value of feed for two groups of pigs, 1 control group with the addition of soybean meal 6%, 2 experimental group with the addition of soybean meal 2% and protein feed supplement 4%.

Ν ° 3 table

Components Unit Groups

rev 1 group 2 group

1 2 3 4

Grain mix% 13.07 13.07

Corn% 9.40 9.40 Continuation of Table Ν_> 3

Table No. 4 shows the characteristics of feed with one soybean meal of 6% and together with a feed protein supplement of 4% and with soybean meal of 2%.

Table N ° 4

In 1 kg of compound feed With soy With soy

contains: rev. meal, meal, and

stern

protein

additive

1 2 3 4

Metabolic energy MJ 12.81 12.74

Dry matter g 870.20 867.60

Crude protein g 169.20 183.50

Lysine available g 5.60 5.20

Crude fiber g 47.60 45.60

Crude fat g 27.00 26.40

Lysine g 6.70 6.40

Methionine + cystine g 6.30 6.30

Tryptophan g 2.10 1.90

Methionine g 3.10 3.20

Isoleucine g 6.10 5.40

Threonine g 5.80 6.30

Valine g 7.60 6.80

Salt g 5.40 5.50

Calcium g 4.10 3.90

Phosphorus g 4.10 3.90

Price at. e. 0.18 0.19 Conclusions for the table Ν ° 3 and table 4 _ We see that the feed for both groups is completely balanced and have the same metabolic energy of 12.81 and 12.74, the groups are placed in equal feeding conditions.

Table Ν ° 5 presents data on the dynamics of live weight of experimental animals, taking into account the feed presented in table N ° 3 and table Ν ° 4.

Table N ° 5

* P <0.05

Analysis of the data in table No. 5 indicates that the highest animal productivity was noted in group 2 (experimental group). These animals had the largest live weight when sold to a meat factory 94.9 kg.

The results of the study of the biological value of meat and offal are shown in table Ns 6, where 1 control group on soybean meal 6%, 2 experimental group 2% soybean meal 4% feed protein supplement.

Table N ° 6

As can be seen from table jNe 6, there is an increase in the biological value of meat in the 2nd experimental group.

The economic efficiency of the use of animal feed with protein feed supplement for fattening pigs was calculated on the basis of the cost prevailing at the date of the experiment: - feed;

- individual feed ingredients;

- feed protein supplement and soybean meal;

- feed costs per 1 kg of increase in physical and monetary terms;

- the cost of products received at current purchase prices.

Table N ° 7 shows the economic efficiency of the use of feed protein supplements in the composition of feed for pigs.

Table N ° 7

Thus, from the table Na 7 we see that the selling price of 1 kg of live weight was 2.25 cu. The cost price of 1 kg of live weight gain (feed occupy 70% in the cost structure) was, however, for the groups: 1.87, 1.64 cu, and additional profit per 1 kg of gain in live weight from the use of animal feed with protein feed supplement in relation to the control group soybean meal): 0.23 cu

Slaughter of pigs showed that in the experimental group revealed - 91.5% of pigs of category II and - 8.5% of category III; in the control group - 43.9% of category II, -56, 1% of category III.

Category II - these are meat pigs with the lowest fat content, Ш

category - pigs with a high fat content.

Conclusion: in the experimental group were mainly meat pigs, in

control - half of fatty animals.

1. Feed protein supplement is a valuable protein component for use in feed for pigs.

2. The maximum average daily gain in live weight was obtained from experimental gilts who received compound feed with the introduction of a feed protein supplement of 628 ± 23.4 * g (table N ° 5).

3. The lowest cost of 1 kg of gain in live weight when feeding compound feeds with a feed protein supplement was 1.64 cu (table N ° 7)

Based on the studies, it was recommended to use a feed protein supplement in the diets of young pigs for rearing and fattening in exchange for parts imported into the republic of protein feed.

Based on the obtained research results, it seems possible to widely use the feed protein supplement for its introduction into feed for pigs.

The product is more accessible to the action of digestive juices and enzymes, it destroys the fiber of cereals and increases the digestibility of protein, and the greater availability of lysine, concentrated in the shells of cereals, which serve as the basis for concentrates, which affects the meat category, less fat, and gain from muscle mass.

Protein feed additive is an effective catalyst for oxidative processes, as well as the processes of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of organic compounds, which contributes to better absorption of food products, promoting the activity of enzymes in the body. Industrial applicability

In the claimed invention receive a highly nutritious feed additive for animals based on keratin-containing waste of high humidity, corresponding to improved quality of feeding, contributing to the improvement of the physiological state of animals, in terms of increasing the productivity of the livestock, due to the fact that the processing of raw materials is carried out with its passage in an extruder through a plate die with an internal circular knife, creating during rotation relative to each other a pressure of 70-100 MPa, and waste of chrome leathers, bristles is used as raw material , Wool waste, humidity 60-80%.

Claims

Claim

1. A method of manufacturing a protein feed additive from animal feedstock, characterized in that it provides for the extrusion of wet feedstock in an extruder (6), with heat treatment at 180-250 ° C under pressure with simultaneous grinding and hydrolysis for 30-90 s, characterized in that, the processing of raw materials is carried out with its passage in the extruder (6) through a plate spinneret (7) with an internal disk knife (8), which create a pressure of 70-100 MPa when rotating relative to each other, and chrome leather waste, bristles are used as raw materials from moves of wool, humidity 60-80%.