WO2017090197A1

WO2017090197A1 - Hydroponic culture system

Info

Publication number: WO2017090197A1
Application number: PCT/JP2015/083440
Authority: WO
Inventors: 石川　忠明; 由美子五十嵐; 大熊　康介; 千裕万里; 晴夫武田; 達也手嶋
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2015-11-27
Filing date: 2015-11-27
Publication date: 2017-06-01

Abstract

Provided is a hydroponic culture system whereby a crop, which should be grown at a temperature lower than the outside temperature, can be efficiently cultured in an area or at a term where or when the temperature is high and the sunlight is strong. The hydroponic culture system 1 comprises a culture tank 2, which stores a hydroponic culture solution 2a and in which a crop grows, and a sunshade 4 which is disposed above the culture tank 2, wherein: a space D through which outside air passes is formed between the culture tank 2 and the sunshade 4; and the sunshade 4 is formed of a wavelength-selective material which allows the permeation of rays with a specific wavelength but shields or reflects far infrared rays. The hydroponic culture system 1 is provided with a lid 3 covering the culture tank 2, and a ventilation pipe 9 for ventilating the air is formed in a space surrounded by the culture tank 2 and the lid 3. The hydroponic culture system 1 is provided with a cooler 5 for the hydroponic culture solution 2a. The ventilation pipe 9 is in contact with the hydroponic culture solution 2a. In the ventilation pipe 9, a ventilation port, from which air is spouted upward from the vicinity of the roots of the crop 13, is formed.

Description

Hydroponics equipment

The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus that uses natural light for crop cultivation and grows a crop using an aqueous solution for cultivation, and relates to, for example, a submerged circulation hydroponic cultivation apparatus that performs temperature control.

Regions that are not suitable for outdoor cultivation and house cultivation of crops due to problems such as temperature, soil quality, water, etc., or the cultivation technology of crops has improved, and it is difficult to improve productivity and quality with conventional outdoor cultivation and house cultivation Hydroponics that efficiently cultivates crops by providing an aqueous solution for cultivation that appropriately contains nutrients necessary for cultivating crops to the medium that replaces the soil where the crops are planted or directly to the roots of the crops Cultivation has become widespread. In hydroponics, it is relatively easy to grow high-value-added crops with high sugar content or low potassium content by controlling the concentration of various components of an aqueous solution for cultivation (hereinafter referred to as cultivation solution).

In conventional liquid-circulation type hydroponic cultivation, the medium for planting crops is not used, and the cultivation solution flows and circulates in a tank or bowl-shaped structure (hereinafter referred to as cultivation tank) with an appropriate depth of water. The crop is grown in a state where the vicinity of the upper end of the root is held so that at least the tip of the root of the crop is immersed in the cultivation solution. Since this method has a large amount of cultivation solution and has a flow, differences in local nutrients, water temperature, etc. are unlikely to occur, and the conditions of the cultivation solution can be made almost uniform throughout the crop cultivation area. Moreover, the apparatus which controls cultivation solution temperature as needed may be used.

In such hydroponics, when sunlight is used for growing crops, hydroponic cultivation equipment uses glass called so-called green houses, such as greenhouses, vinyl houses, or air domes, to avoid the effects of wind and rain. Generally, it is installed in buildings covered with sunlight-permeable materials such as plastic. Such a green house has a higher hermeticity than outdoor cultivation, so the temperature inside the house is likely to rise due to solar radiation, etc., and to maintain a suitable temperature for crop cultivation in periods and areas where the solar radiation is strong. It is necessary to limit the heat inflow due to solar radiation.

JP 2012-125172 A

In the conventional hydroponics, in order to limit the heat inflow due to solar radiation, a so-called agricultural sunshade net (shading net) is placed on the upper surface of the house, or it is developed in the upper part of the house, or There is a method such as putting a light-shielding lid on the hydroponic cultivation device, but since sunlight itself is necessary for the photosynthesis of plants, there is a limit to suppressing heat inflow due to solar radiation using sunshade There is. Furthermore, since the shade net or the lid itself, which is shielded from light, has heat due to solar radiation, heat transfer and radiant heat from there cause a rise in the temperature in the house.

Also, CO ₂ is indispensable for photosynthesis, and it is necessary to take in outside air containing CO ₂ by ventilation. Therefore, the outside air is taken into the house for ventilation, and the hot air inside the house is released from the top. The relatively cold outside air is taken from the lower part of the storage structure for storing the hydroponic cultivation equipment to collect the hot air. Conventional methods include exhausting from the top surface.

However, as shown in Patent Document 1, the method of pushing out warmed room air by ventilation is effective in a state where the outside air temperature is lower than the room temperature, but in a situation where the outside air temperature is higher than the temperature suitable for crop cultivation. The hot outside air is taken into the house as it is and hits the crop, damaging the crop. There is also a method of cooling the entire house, including the outside air taken in using an air conditioner, but to control the entire cultivation environment to almost the same temperature using only the air conditioner requires a considerable amount of air and requires a large amount of energy. It is difficult to keep the temperature of the cultivation solution constant. Although it is possible to provide a temperature control device for the cultivation solution, there is a problem that two types of cooling devices are required and the efficiency is poor.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the object of the present invention is a crop that needs to be grown at a temperature lower than the outside temperature in an area or time when the temperature is high and the solar radiation is strong. An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus that can efficiently cultivate the plant.

In order to achieve the above object, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention includes a cultivation tank that contains a hydroponic cultivation solution and grows a crop, and a sunshade that is installed above the cultivation tank. A hydroponic cultivation apparatus that forms a space through which outside air passes between the cultivation tank and the sunshade, and the sunshade is composed of a wavelength-selective material that transmits a specific wavelength of light. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus includes a lid that covers the cultivation tank, and a ventilation pipe that guides ventilation is provided in a space formed by the cultivation tank and the lid. It is said.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention configured as described above, a sunshade composed of a wavelength-selective material is installed above the cultivation tank for cultivating crops, and shields or reflects far infrared rays. However, because the ventilation pipe that guides ventilation is provided in the space composed of the cultivation tank and the lid that covers the cultivation tank, it is possible to grow crops at low temperatures by preventing temperature rise in the internal space of the cultivation tank Crop cultivation can be performed efficiently.

According to the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the sunshade that shields or reflects at least a part of the far-infrared rays reduces heat inflow to the hydroponic cultivation facility with a lid due to solar radiation, and the shade is covered with a lid. Avoid the heat conduction of the sunshade itself by installing it away from the hydroponic cultivation equipment. Furthermore, the heat | fever inflow into the hydroponic cultivation apparatus by the thermal radiation from the warm sunshade is reduced with the lid which shields or reflects far infrared rays. In the cultivation device with a lid, the cultivation solution is managed at a low temperature by a cooling device, the outside air taken in as ventilation is cooled in a pipe in the cultivation solution, and blown upward from the vicinity of the roots of the crops, to warm air ( Hot air) is collected in the vicinity of the lid, and a low-temperature environment suitable for growing is created around the crop, and CO ₂ is supplied toward the back of the leaf of the crop so that photosynthesis can be performed efficiently. The hot air in the vicinity of the lid is naturally cooled through the lid by the outside air passing between the lid and the sunshade in the sunlight against the far infrared rays caused by the sunshade. Therefore, the temperature of the hot air does not continue to rise, and a facility for directly cooling air like an air conditioner is not required, and the facility is also efficient. Thus, it is possible to efficiently cultivate crops that need to be grown at a temperature lower than the outside temperature even in an environment where the temperature is high and the solar radiation is strong.

The perspective view which shows schematic structure of Example 1 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which concerns on this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part taken along line AA of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The perspective view which shows the principal part structure of the float of Example 1 shown in FIG. 1, a ventilation pipe, and a float guide. The principal part sectional drawing which concerns on Example 2 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which concerns on this invention. The principal part sectional drawing which concerns on Example 3 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which concerns on this invention. The principal part sectional drawing which concerns on Example 4 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus which concerns on this invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of Example 1 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of main parts taken along the line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a main part configuration of FIG. It is a principal part perspective view which shows schematic structure of the float which fixed the planting float and the ventilation pipe as plant.

1 to 3, a hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 includes a cultivation tank 2 that contains a hydroponic cultivation solution (hereinafter referred to as a cultivation solution) 2a and grows a crop, a lid 3 that covers the cultivation tank 2, and wavelength selective permeability. It has a sunshade 4 that it has, a cooling device 5 that cools the hydroponic liquid, and an air pump 6 that sends out air for ventilation. In addition, an apparatus for adjusting the cultivation solution components, a mechanism for dissolving oxygen in the cultivation solution, and the like are necessary, but they are omitted in the figure.

The awning 4 is composed of a vinyl sheet stretched on a frame 4b fixed to, for example, four pillars 4a standing on the ground, specifically, a sheet in which a multilayer film is formed on a PET film, a polyester film The sheet is formed of a material having wavelength selectivity by forming an oxide film, a silver thin film, or the like on a sheet having a multilayer film or a PET film. The sunshade 4 is a material that shields or reflects at least a part of the far infrared rays contained in the solar radiation, opens a space D sufficient for the outside air to pass above the lid 3, and the cultivation tank 2 and the lid 3 are solar radiation. It is installed with sufficient size to enter the shade for far infrared rays in the time zone where you want to avoid the heat inflow due to. That is, the sunshade 4 is made of a sheet material that transmits a specific wavelength in the range of 400 to 700 nm excluding the range of far infrared rays. The sunshade 4 itself is installed with an inclination with respect to the horizontal plane, and is installed with its normal line inclined so that the position of the sun is the highest. Moreover, it is preferable that the sunshade 4 is comprised with the material with the high transmittance | permeability of the optical wavelength band effective for photosynthesis of a crop.

The cultivation tank 2 has a height that combines the height necessary for growing a crop and the thickness of an air layer that becomes a pool of heat, and is a material that shields or reflects far-infrared rays that allow sunlight to pass or does not contribute much to photosynthesis. It is covered with a lid 3 composed of The lid 3 can be removed for maintenance work, etc., and can be removed partially when planting, transplanting, harvesting, etc. in the middle of growing is not necessary, or an opening mechanism such as a door is used. And work inside is possible.

The cultivation tank 2 is a container such as a large basket that is formed of a heat insulating material or is covered with a material having a heat insulating effect and stores the cultivation solution 2a therein. The cultivating solution 2a flows so as to circulate, is adjusted to an appropriate component for crop cultivation by a component adjusting device (not shown), and is temperature-controlled by the cooling device 5 to a low temperature suitable for growing the crop. The crop 13 is planted in a float 7 serving as a nursery bed, and the upper end vicinity of the root is supported by the float 7, and at least a part of the root is immersed in the cultivation solution 2 a.

The float 7 is made of a lightweight material such as styrene foam and has buoyancy. The float 7 alone floats in the cultivation solution 2a, but when the crop 13 grows and the weight increases, the height floating on the water surface changes. Further, the

guides

8a and 8b on the lower surface are supported so as to have the same height. The upper and

lower guides

8a and 8b are attached to the ventilation pipe 9, and have a structure in which the left and right movement of the float is restricted by the ventilation pipe 9. The ventilation guide 9, the upper guide 8a and the lower guide 8b 8 is constituted. As described above, the float 7 is supported by the upper surface guide 8 a and the lower surface guide 8 b fixed to the upper and lower sides of the ventilation pipe 9 and is configured to be able to move linearly.

The ventilation pipe 9 is installed at a height at which a part of the cultivation solution 2a is immersed. In FIG. 2, the liquid level 2b of the cultivation solution 2a is set to be not less than half the thickness of the ventilation pipe 9. Inside the ventilation pipe 9 is taken in by the air pump 6 as ventilation air, and the sent outside air passes therethrough. The outside air contains CO ₂ necessary for crop growth. The ventilation pipe 9 has a function of exchanging air inside the cultivation tank 2 and the lid 3, and the ventilation pipe 9 is formed with a ventilation port 9 a for ejecting air upward. Here, the surface of what is in the space in the cultivation tank 2 and the lid 3, such as the float 7 and the upper surface float guide 8a, has a lot of light effective for photosynthesis in the crop 13, and can be at any position in the cultivation tank 2. It is desirable that the surface should be a surface that diffuses white light or metallic luster light so that the light is uniformly applied.

The lid 3 is provided so as to cover the cultivation tank 2, and has a lid upper surface 3a and a lid side surface 3b. The lid upper surface 3a of the frame constituting the lid side surface 3b is composed of a thin film such as a vinyl sheet, and the thin film 3a Is made of a material having a high transmittance in the light wavelength band effective for photosynthesis of crops. Furthermore, in order to prevent intrusion of radiant heat from the surroundings, it is desirable to have a property of blocking or reflecting far infrared rays. Furthermore, in order to maintain a low temperature environment suitable for growing in the vicinity of the crop, it is desirable that the lid side surface 3b has a higher heat insulating effect than the lid upper surface 3a. The optical wavelength band effective for the photosynthesis of the crop 13 is preferably in the range of 400 to 700 nm excluding the far infrared range, but is not limited to this range.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment configured as described above, an increase in the temperature around the crop 13 can be prevented by blocking or reflecting far infrared rays contained in sunlight. By installing the sunshade 4 at an inclination, it is possible to cut the same amount of far-infrared rays with a smaller sunshade area than when the sunshade 4 is installed horizontally during a period of strong sunlight. In addition, by making the sunshade 4 diagonal, the air 11 under the sunshade 4 heated by the sunshade 4 itself warming flows upward along the inclination of the sunshade 4, and no wind is generated. Even in this state, the flow 10 of the outside air can be generated under the sunshade 4. Furthermore, if the awning 4 itself is movable, a structure in which the direction and the position are changed in accordance with the direction of the sun increases the time during which the shade 4a can be made efficiently.

The shade produced by the sunshade 4 can reduce the heat inflow due to solar radiation to the cultivation tank 2 and lid 3, but it alone cannot completely prevent the temperature rise in the cultivation tank 2 and lid 3 and is used for ventilation. Due to heat inflow by the outside air, heat transfer from the outside air or the ground, radiant heat, etc., the temperature in the cultivation tank 2 and the lid 3 usually rises above the outside air temperature as it is. However, in this hydroponic cultivation device 1, the cultivation solution 2 a is cooled by the cooling device 5.

And since the ventilation pipe 9 is immersed in the cultivation solution 2a controlled at low temperature, the ventilation air taken in even in an environment where the outside air temperature is high is cooled. The cooled ventilation air is ejected upward from a ventilation port 9a provided in the ventilation pipe 9 so as to avoid or penetrate the upper surface guide 8a. The ventilation port 9a prevents ventilation air from passing through the cultivation solution 2a, so that CO ₂ contained in the air dissolves into the cultivation solution 2a and is lost, and further prevents the cultivation solution from entering the ventilation pipe 9. It is in a position higher than the cultivation solution liquid level.

By adopting such a structure, even when the outside air taken in is high temperature, the ventilation air cooled by the cooling device 5 and cooled to low temperature contains CO ₂ sufficient to perform photosynthesis, and in the vicinity of the root of the crop 13. From above to the back of the leaves of the crop 13. Due to the above-mentioned causes, the air warmed in the space in the cultivation tank 2 and the lid 3 gathers in the vicinity of the lid 3 and becomes a hot air pool 12, but the upper surface of the lid 3 is shaded with respect to far infrared rays, and the hot air pool 12 When the lid 3 reaches a temperature higher than the outside air temperature, it is cooled by the outside air flow 10. Moreover, the cultivation solution 2a is controlled at a low temperature, and by introducing low-temperature air from the vicinity of the root of the crop 13, a temperature gradient is created in the space in the cultivation tank 2 and the lid 3, and below the hot air pool 12, It becomes possible to set it as the low temperature environment suitable for growth. In addition, there are pores behind the leaves of the crop 13 so that CO ₂ is efficiently taken up.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 according to Example 1 of the present invention, as shown in detail in FIG. 3, five ventilation pipes 9 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and 4 between the five ventilation pipes 9. The floats 7 are arranged in parallel in the rows, and six floats 7 are arranged in a row in each row. Thus, in the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, 24 floats 7 are arranged in four rows, and 24 crops 13 can be harvested. In addition, in FIG. 3, although the length of a crop moving direction becomes large, on the relationship of drawing, it has expressed short.

The four crops 13 planted on the four floats 7 from the crop planting side on the left side in FIG. 3 are linearly moved along the ventilation pipe 9 in the upper right direction, and after the predetermined time, the next four crops 13 are moved. Four crops 13 are planted on the float 7, and four crops 13 are planted on the next four floats 7 after a predetermined time. Since the crops 13 planted in the float 7 are grown with the cultivation solution 2a each time a predetermined time elapses, the floats 7 arranged in a line along the ventilation pipe 9 have their intervals increasing in order. Moved to the crop harvesting side. That is, the plurality of floats 7 are arranged so that their intervals can be changed according to the growth stage of the crop 13.

Specifically, the interval d1 between the float 7a immediately after the crop 13a is planted and the float 7b planted with the slightly grown crop 13b after the predetermined time has elapsed is set small, and a predetermined time has elapsed. The distance d2 between the more grown crop 13c and the float 7c is set to be slightly larger, the distance d3 between the further grown crop 13d and the float 7d is set to be further larger, and the float 7e and the float 7f are sequentially spaced at d4. , D5. Thus, since the crop 13 with a long time passage is grown and becomes large, the interval between the adjacent crop 13 is increased so that the crops 13 do not touch each other. In this way, the plurality of floats may be moved manually so that the intervals are sequentially increased, or may be performed by an appropriate moving mechanism.

Then, the crops 13 planted on the float 7 on the near side are planted sequentially at predetermined time intervals, and are sufficiently grown when reaching the upper right direction so that the crop 13f can be harvested. In the same manner for the other three rows, the crop 13a immediately after planting grows over time, and the grown crop 13f can be harvested. This hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 is suitable for cultivating sunny lettuce that can be grown and harvested in a short time.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part of Example 2 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1A according to the present invention. In FIG. 4, for the sake of explanation, only the portion of the sunshade 14 is shown as if the back surface is viewed from below.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1A of Example 2, the sunshade 14 has portions with different angles on both sides, and is made so that the front side becomes higher as a whole. That is, the sunshade 14 corresponds to the sun's daytime high position, morning low position, and afternoon low position, and the flat surface 15A and the inclined surface 15B that inclines downward continuously on one side of the flat surface 15A. And an inclined surface 15C that inclines downward continuously from the other side of the flat surface 15A. The parts of the sunshade 14 with different angles are inclined toward the sun near the beginning and end of the time zone where it is desired to avoid solar radiation.

With this structure, even if you want to avoid solar radiation from a time when the altitude of the sun's trajectory S is low, it provides the same far-infrared sun with a small sunshade area compared to a single flat plate as a whole. it can. Further, the warm air on the lower surface of the sunshade 14 gathers near the center as indicated by arrows Y1 and Y2, and rises as indicated by the arrow Y3. The air flow rate increases. Due to this influence, the flow of outside air above the lid 3 also becomes faster, and the cooling effect on the upper surface of the lid 3 becomes higher.

Moreover, the cultivation tank 2 has a structure like a basket in which the crops 13 are arranged in a single row, not a structure like a basket in which the crops are arranged in a double row, and the float 7 has a buoyancy enough to support the grown crops sufficiently. There is to be. Since the float 7 has sufficient buoyancy, there is no need for a lower surface guide that supports the float 7 from below, and the ventilation pipe 16 with a ventilation port 16a also serves as an upper surface guide. Performs positioning. In the present Example 2, it is the hydroponic cultivation apparatus by which 3 rows of what put the cover 3A on the cultivation tank 2A provided with the float 7 arranged in a single row were arranged.

In this hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1A, the ventilation air taken from the high temperature outside air is cooled by the low temperature controlled cultivation solution 2a while passing through the cooling ventilation pipe 17 at the bottom of the cultivation tank 2A, and the ventilation pipe 16 is cooled by the cultivation liquid in which the lower part is cooled from the liquid surface 2b. The air that has passed through the cooling ventilation pipe 17 is guided to the ventilation pipe 16 with the ventilation port on the upper surface, and low-temperature air is blown out from the ventilation port 16a to the space in the cultivation tank 2A and the lid 3A. Although the overall length of the ventilation pipe 16 is longer than that of the first embodiment, the upper and lower surface guides are not required, and the structure can be simplified. Therefore, the temperature of the low-temperature air for ventilation can be made uniform more easily than the method of the first embodiment in which cooling is performed over the entire length.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the cultivation tank and lid of Example 3 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention. The feature of the third embodiment is that the float on which the crop is planted is sandwiched between the ventilation pipe and the cooling ventilation pipe, so that the upper guide and the lower guide are unnecessary, and the upper surface of the lid is a saw-like shape. It is that.

In the third embodiment, the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1B guides the float 7, the upper surface is the ventilation pipe 16 with a ventilation port, and the lower surface is the cooling ventilation pipe 17. With such a structure, even when the buoyancy of the float 7 is not sufficient with respect to the weight of the crop 13, it can be supported by the ventilation pipe 16 that also serves as the upper guide and the cooling ventilation pipe 17 that also serves as the lower guide. No guide is required, and the configuration is simple.

Further, a saw-like groove is provided on the upper surface 18 of the lid 3B. By setting it as such a structure, the surface area of the cover upper surface 18 can be increased, and cooling of the cover 3B by external airflow can be performed more efficiently. The direction of the groove is preferably coincident with the direction of the external airflow. Furthermore, since such a lid structure can diffuse solar radiation, it is useful also for the reduction of the solar radiation amount difference by the place in the cultivation tank 2B. You may comprise so that what combined the cultivation tank 2B and the lid | cover 3B of this Example 3 may be put in order, and it may be set as the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1B.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part of Example 4 of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention. The feature of the fourth embodiment is that the cultivation tank and the lid are below the ground, and the lid is provided with an opening for an operator to plant and harvest.

In the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 </ b> C of the fourth embodiment, the cultivation tank 2 </ b> C is provided at a position lower than the ground 19, and the lid 3 </ b> C is only a portion where heat is accumulated above the ground 19. The cultivation tank 2C is insulated from the ground by a heat insulating material. An opening 22 is provided in the vicinity of the work pit (hole) 20 on the side surfaces of the cultivation tank 2C and the lid 3C, and the worker 21 enters the pit 20 to perform operations such as planting and harvesting. Can do.

Since the cultivation tank 2C is located lower than the ground 19 and does not hit the sun, there are few parts that need to be shaded by the shade 4, and the area of the shade 4 can be reduced. Moreover, since the underground temperature is lower than the surface temperature where the solar radiation hits and the portion exposed to the outside air is reduced, heat inflow to the cultivation tank 2C can be reduced. The problem that the solar radiation to the crop 13 is biased in the time zone where the solar altitude is low due to the height of the side wall of the cultivation tank 2C that does not allow solar radiation is compensated by the scattering of solar radiation by the surface area expansion lid upper surface 18. Furthermore, the difference of the solar radiation amount by the position in the cultivation tank 2C in case the solar altitude is low is reduced by making the side wall of the cultivation tank 2C into the structure which diffuses and diffuses light similarly.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various design changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention described in the claims. Is something that can be done. For example, the above-described embodiment has been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and is not necessarily limited to one having all the configurations described. In addition, a part of the configuration of a certain embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of a certain embodiment. Furthermore, it is possible to add, delete, and replace other configurations for a part of the configuration of each embodiment.

In addition, although the lid installed above the cultivation tank has been shown to be composed of a material having wavelength selectivity, a film having wavelength selectivity may be attached. Furthermore, although the example of what has wavelength selectivity as an awning was shown, you may use what stuck the film which has wavelength selectivity.

As an application example of the present invention, the present invention can be applied to cultivation of root vegetables and fresh flowers in addition to cultivation of leafy vegetables such as sunny lettuce.

1, 1A, 1B, 1C: Hydroponic cultivation device, 2, 2A, 2B, 2C: Cultivation tank, 2a: Cultivation solution (hydroponic cultivation solution), 2b: Liquid level of cultivation solution, 3, 3A, 3B, 3C : Lid, 3a: lid upper surface, 3b: lid side surface, 4, 14: shade, 4a: shaded area, 5: cultivation solution cooling device (chiller), 6: air pump, 7: float, 8: float guide, 8a: upper surface guide, 8b: lower surface guide, 9: ventilation pipe, 9a: ventilation port, 10: flow of outside air, 11: flow of heated air, 12: hot air pool (space where hot air accumulates), 13: crop, 15A: Flat surface of sunshade, 15B, 15C: Parts with different sunshade angles (inclined surfaces), 16: Ventilation pipe with ventilation opening, 16a: Ventilation opening, 17: Ventilation pipe for cooling, 18: Expansion of surface area Upper surface of the lid, 19: ground, 20: work pit, 21 Worker, 22: opening, D: space between the shade lid and Japan, S: the trajectory of the sun

Claims

A hydroponic cultivation apparatus comprising a cultivation tank for containing a hydroponic solution and cultivating a crop, and a sunshade installed above the cultivation tank,
A hydroponic that forms a space through which outside air passes between the cultivation tank and the sunshade, and the sunshade is made of a wavelength-selective material that transmits a specific wavelength of light. Cultivation equipment.
The said hydroponic cultivation apparatus is provided with the cover which covers the said cultivation tank, The ventilation pipe which guides ventilation is provided in the space comprised with the said cultivation tank and the said cover, The Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned. Hydroponic cultivation equipment.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the awning is composed of a sheet material that transmits a specific wavelength in a range of 400 to 700 nm excluding a range of far infrared rays.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the lid is provided with a sheet material that transmits a specific wavelength in a range of 400 to 700 nm excluding a range of far infrared rays.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sunshade is installed to be inclined with respect to a horizontal plane.
The sunshade corresponds to a solar day high position, a low morning position, a low afternoon position, a flat surface, and an inclined surface that slopes continuously downward on one side of the flat surface, The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an inclined surface that is continuously inclined to the other side of the flat surface.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hydroponic cultivation apparatus includes a cooling device for the hydroponic cultivation solution.
3. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the ventilation pipe is in contact with the hydroponic cultivation solution, and the ventilation pipe includes a ventilation port that ejects upward from the vicinity of a crop root. The hydroponic cultivation apparatus described.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hydroponic cultivation apparatus includes a float that floats on the hydroponic cultivation solution and plants a crop.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the float is supported by an upper surface guide and a lower surface guide fixed above and below the ventilation pipe and linearly moves.
The hydroponic cultivation according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of the floats are arranged in a line, and the plurality of floats are arranged so that their intervals can be changed according to a growth stage of the crop. apparatus.
The hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein side surfaces of the cultivation tank and the lid are provided with openings.