Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
  • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
  • F04D29/38—Blades
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
  • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
  • F04D29/38—Blades
  • F04D29/384—Blades characterised by form
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
  • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
  • F04D29/666—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by means of rotor construction or layout, e.g. unequal distribution of blades or vanes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
  • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
  • F04D29/34—Blade mountings
  • F04D29/36—Blade mountings adjustable
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
  • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
  • F04D29/38—Blades
  • F04D29/384—Blades characterised by form
  • F04D29/386—Skewed blades
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2240/00—Components
  • F05B2240/20—Rotors
  • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2250/00—Geometry
  • F05B2250/70—Shape
  • F05B2250/71—Shape curved
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
  • F05B2260/00—Function
  • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2240/00—Components
  • F05D2240/20—Rotors
  • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
  • F05D2240/303—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the leading edge of a rotor blade
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2240/00—Components
  • F05D2240/20—Rotors
  • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
  • F05D2240/304—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the trailing edge of a rotor blade
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2250/00—Geometry
  • F05D2250/70—Shape
  • F05D2250/75—Shape given by its similarity to a letter, e.g. T-shaped

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a low noise and high efficiency blade for axial fans; in particular, the present invention relates to a low noise and high efficiency blade for industrial axial fans, and more particularly for large diameter axial fans.
• the present invention further relates to an axial fan, particularly a large diameter industrial axial fan, equipped with a low noise and high efficiency blade.
• Axial fans as used in commercial air cooled apparatuses have to be distinguished in two main groups comprising small size cooling fans and big size cooling fans, respectively.
• the size of a cooling fan can vary from few millimeters (as in the case of a fan of the kind used to cool electronic devices), to few decimeters (as in the case of a fan used to cool an automotive motor), and even up to the 20 meters of diameter of a fan used in an ACC or a water cooling tower plant.
• the boundary limit of the two groups of course cannot be rigidly fixed but it is usually located, among those skilled in the art, approximately at a fan diameter of about 900 mm, meaning that fans with a diameter less than 900 mm belong to the first group, whilst fans with a diameter more than 900 mm belong to the second group.
• the technical characteristics of a fan strongly depend on its size (diameter) and differ depending thereon whether the fan belongs to the first group or the second group, essentially due to the fact that the performances to be provided by fans belonging to the two groups are different.
• the main reason why the technical characteristics change so dramatically with the increasing of the fan size relates to the fact that the forces, and powers, acting on the fan depend on its diameter.
• the absorbed power of a few mm size fan is a small fraction of kW whereas a very large fan can absorb a few hundred kW.
• small fans in view of both their small size and their technical characteristics, can usually be realized in one piece casting, and can include a peripheral ring binding all the blades to add strength to the fan.
• a fan according to the prior art comprising a peripheral ring is depicted in figure 1 as an example of a fan with improved stability, but wherein even the efficiency is improved by the peripheral ring (which help to prevent the backflow at the tip of the blades).
• the uniform air distribution is obtained by each blade type in a different way: the blade of figure 2a is twisted, the blade of figure 2b is tapered, the blade of figure 2c comprises on the profile a trimmed flap so that the blade finally results to be both twisted and tapered.
• Second noise level when medium low noise requirements have to be met, meaning that the noise level must be reduced by around 5 dB(A). According to the known solutions, this is obtained by extending the chord width in order to decrease and distribute the forces acting on the blade surface and to compensate the loss of performance due to speed reduction to 45m/s. A typical chord increase ratio could be 2.5 times with respect to the a first noise level fan. It is however easy to imagine that the costs are strongly affected (increased) by the need of increasing the chord width. But the cost increase is not the only negative effect.
• a further negative effect of this condition relates to the fact that the ratio total-chord- at-tip/circumference, called solidity, assumes values that negatively affects the efficiency of the fan. Additionally, it has to be reminded that the fans as referred to herewith belong to the large fans category that are required to have adjustable pitch angle, meaning that the same blade can be used in situations where the pitch angle is very large, typical for low speed, wherein however the big tip clearance on leading and trailing edge reduces the efficiency and increases the noise.
• the present invention is therefore based on the main consideration that the drawbacks affecting both blades and fans according to the prior art can be efficiently overcome or at least drastically reduced by providing a blade which, when fixed to the rotor at a zero pitch-angle, has a V-shaped projection on a plane parallel to the rotation plane.
• the V-shaped blade is preferably obtained by joining a first, inner, blade part with a second, outer blade part, having either approximately the same length or even different lengths (depending on the embodiment), so as to form an obtuse angle on the leading edge of the blade.
• a blade for low noise and or high efficiency axial fans comprising a front edge and a rear edge, the front edge being the leading edge of the blade facing the direction of rotation of the fan in an operative condition and said rear edge being the trailing edge of the blade, said blade comprising a first blade part and a second blade part, said first and second blade part forming on said leading edge an obtuse angle V so that the projection of the blade profile on a plane parallel to the rotational plane of the fan, is a V-shaped profile.
• the same angle V may be present at said trailing edge and at said leading edge of said blade, at the joint of said first part with said second part.
• the vertex on the leading side may lie on one side and the root and the tip leading edges on the other side, or the vertex V may lie on the one side along with the root and the tip leading edges.
• said first and said second blade parts have approximately the same length or different length depending on the needs and/or circumstances.
• said obtuse angle V may be comprised between 90° and 170°, in particular between 100° and 120°.
• a dihedral angle of about 195° is formed between the suction surfaces of first and the second part in the vertical plane.
• the first, inner part is obtained starting by a rectilinear blade by rotating a part of the blade profile backwards counterclockwise, around the vertical axis passing where the pitch adjustment axis is crossing the blade root section
• the second, outer part is obtained by rotating a part of the blade profile backwards clockwise around the vertical axis passing where the pitch adjustment axis is crossing the blade tip section.
• the blade or its airfoil part may be a one piece blade, made of casting aluminum or steel or plastic or any other suitable material.
• said first blade part and second blade part may form on said leading edge a rounded angle.
• said first blade part and second blade part may form on said trailing edge a rounded angle.
• one or both of said blade part and second blade part may have slightly curved leading edges.
• said first blade part and second blade part may have slightly curved trailing edges.
• a super low noise industrial axial fan comprising the blade according to one or more of the above embodiments.
• a blade according to claim 1 there is provided a blade according to claim 1 .
• FIGS 1 , 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 4c, 7a, 7b show different examples of blade assemblies for axial fans according to the prior art. More in details:
• Figure 1 there is depicted a perspective view of a small diameter axial fan according to the prior art provided with a ring on its periphery;
• FIG. 4a there is depicted a blade having a leading edge both curved and swept into the space
• FIG. 5 there is depicted a top (plan) view of a blade according to a first embodiment of the present invention
• FIG. 6 there is depicted a schematic top view of a super low noise large diameter axial fan equipped with blades according to an embodiment of the present invention
• FIG 7a there is depicted an example of a super low noise axial fan according to the prior art, having trailing and leading edge extension at outer third of the radius
• Figure 7b there is depicted an example of super low noise axial fan according to the prior art, having trailing and leading edge extension at outer third of the radius
• Figure 8 there is depicted a top (plane) view of a blade according to a second embodiment of the present invention wherein the blade is a tapered and twisted blade;
• Figure 9 schematically shows the second mode of vibration of the blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG 10 there is depicted a blade according to the present invention, the dihedral angle being visible;
• Figure 1 1 there is depicted a blade according to a further embodiment of the present invention;
• FIG. 12 there is depicted a blade according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
• the main task of the present invention is to provide a blade, in particular for large diameter super low noise industrial axial fans, this being the reason why, in the following, description will be given of a blade for super low noise large diameter industrial axial fans which can be also used with industrial fan of the type already known in the art to obtain noise reduction while preserving at least the same aerodynamic efficiency.
• the blade according to the embodiment of the present invention as depicted therein is identified by the reference numeral 1 .
• the blade 1 comprises in particular a root portion 1 r provided for the purpose of fixing the blade 1 to an axial rotor (not depicted in figure 5); in particular, the blade may be fixed to the axial fan at different orientation angles (pitch angles) with respect to the axis X-X as identified by the dashed line in figure 5.
• the rotor is supposed to be rotated, during operation of the fan, in the clockwise direction as depicted by the arrow, the axis of rotation of the fan corresponding to the axis of rotation of the rotor.
• the axis of rotation is perpendicular to plane of the figure; the smallest pitch angle is the angle at which the projection of the blade on a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation occupies the largest area or surface. Pitch angles of larger amounts result in the projections of the blade on the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (also referred to, in the following, as the "plane of rotation) occupying corresponding smaller areas or surfaces.
• the projection of the blade on the rotation plane is such that a V shape is formed along the span of the blade (see figure 5).
• the blade 1 comprises a first, inner, portion 1 a close to the rotational axis and extending from the root portion 1 r, along with a second, outer, portion 1 b, having approximately the same length of the first portion 1 a, and extending from the first portion 1 a.
• the first portion 1 a extends along a first direction (forming an angle with the axis X-X)
• the second portion 1 b extends along a second direction other than the first direction (forming an angle with the axis X-X other than the angle formed by the first portion 1 a).
• first portion 1 a and the second portion 1 b are oriented one with respect to the other so that an obtuse angle V (more than 90 ° and less than 180 ° is defined by the leading edge 1 1, whilst an a bigger angle (more than 180°) is defined by the trailing edge 1 t.
• the vertex Vv of the angle V defined by the leading edge 1 1 is located on one side of the axis X-X, whilst the opposite tips (points B and C) of the leading edge 1 1 are located on the opposite side.
• the inner part 1 a is obtained by rotating (bending) the blade backwards with respect to the root portion 1 r (counterclockwise with respect to figure 5), in particular around the vertical axis passing where the pitch adjustment axis X-X is crossing the blade root section 1 r
• the outer part 1 b is obtained by rotating (bending) the blade backwards with respect to the first portion 1 a (clockwise with respect to figure 5), in particular around the vertical axis passing where the pitch adjustment axis X-X is crossing the blade tip section.
• the blade 1 has a very particular behavior with respect to noise and efficiency.
• the high efficiency of common blades belonging to noise level 1 can be be maintained and in some cases increased, meaning that, according to the needs and/or circumstances, the present invention can even be used just to increase the fan efficiency.
• a further improvement has been obtained with a blade as depicted in figure 10 wherein, at the joining section, the inner portion 1 a and the outer portion 1 b defines a dihedral angle of about 192°, meaning in particular that, in the projection of the leading edge 1 1 om a plane perpendicular to the rotation plane, the projections of the leading edges of the first portion 1 a and the second portion 1 b are oriented along different directions.
• the design of the blade according to the present invention can be applied to any type of common blade of the prior art and also to their combination of inner or outer part.
• both final noise and final efficiency values are greatly conditioned by the type of blade selected to apply the invention.
• An optimization must follow, different case by case, depending also if low noise or better efficiency is preferred.
• the common, prior art blade which was selected to be modified according to the present is of the kind as depicted in figure 2c, which is consisting essentially of a profile with a trimmed flap on the trailing edge.
• blades as depicted in (figure 2b have been also briefly tested to have evidence that the invention can be really applied to any type of blades.
• a second mode vibration attachment as sketched in the figure 9 would be ideal for this type of blade, not only because it is lowering the loads but also because if the bade is not too long this attachment could enter the blade for an extension that it would give the possibility to reach the outer profile part so that it could be directly fixed on it.
• fixing the two blade parts together is very simple in this case and numerous solutions could be used.
• the blade 1 can be provided both by joining together the inner portion 1 a and the outer portion 1 b (prepared in advance) or even by forming the blade 1 , comprising inner portion 1 a and outer portion 1 b as a single one piece blade, casting aluminum, steel or plastic to get the shapes according the invention, for small and medium size blades.
• the blade 1 instead it could be used any of the fiberglass construction systems actually used for the common large blades.
• a combination of different embodiments for inner and outer part of blade could also could be a good solution.
• the forward sweep angle that the leading edge is forming at the tip with the air relative velocity direction as indicated by the arrows is comparable to that of the low noise fan of figure 6 and much larger than that of figures 7a and 7b, taking the maximum advantage derived by the noise attenuation related to the forward swept leading edge blade technique;
• the forward sweep angle that the trailing edge is forming at the tip with the air relative velocity direction (figure 8b) is smaller than that of any of the low noise fan shown in figures 7a and 7b, taking the maximum advantage derived by the noise attenuation related to the forward swept trailing edge blade technique.
• the leading edge extension is wider than that of figure 7a and 7b, in a range from 1 .05 to 1 .46 times, desirably, though not necessarily, 1 .2 times. Therefore larger than the prior art will be the noise benefit.
• the trailing edge extension is much larger than prior art by a unique very large amount, in a range from 1 .1 to 3 times, desirably, though not necessarily, 1 .5 times. Therefore much larger will be the related noise benefit. Additionally the relevant extension of the trailing edge allows to utilize in a much more efficient way the several well-known techniques to reduce the sound emission to be applied on the trailing edge, for example a serrated system.
• the average tip clearance on the tip will be greatly smaller because the chord is smaller and the noise originated by the tip vortices will be reduced.
• tip chord is allowing to still apply as a standard the tip winglets which, as it is well known, can further reduce the noise.
• the tip winglet cannot be applied on large chord blades because at high pitch angle has a negative effect.
• the blade span is increased maintaining the same chord width, allowing to increase the ratio length/width and consequently, as well known from whom is skilled in the aerodynamics, the blade efficiency.
• the blade can be not only twisted but also tapered from root to tip the get the best efficiency as a common fan of noise level 1 .
• the fan blades according to the prior art are tapered from tip to root decreasing the blade efficiency.
• blade airfoil sections are disposed in the optimal direction with respect to the incident air stream, optimizing the air circulation around the section itself, particularly on the outer part of the bade where the most part of the flow passes through.
• the winglet at the tip will also improve the efficiency, allowing less backflow to pass. With reference to the manufacturing costs, the following should be considered.
• the reduced chord width distribution all along the radial span makes the fan blade lighter than the known solutions, consequently the bending and axial loads at the radial sections are reduced, particularly at the root.
• the reduced chord width particularly at the outer part of the blade, contributes to reduce the inertial torsional moment at the root section.
• the higher efficiency of the blade means lower drag force at the same lift, with a consequent reduction of shear loads at the radial sections, particularly at the root.
• the load reduction all along the blade radial span and particularly at the root section allows to design reduced sections to resist to them with a significant reduction in material cost.
• the blade according to the embodiment of the present invention as depicted therein is still identified by the reference numeral 1 .
• the blade 1 still comprises a root portion 1 r provided for the purpose of fixing the blade 1 to an axial rotor (not depicted in figure 12); again, the blade may be fixed to the axial fan at different orientation angles (pitch angles) with respect to the axis X-X as identified by the dashed line in figure 12.
• the rotor is supposed to be rotated, during operation of the fan, in the clockwise direction as depicted by the arrow, the axis of rotation of the fan corresponding to the axis of rotation of the rotor.
• the axis of rotation is perpendicular to plane of the figure; the smallest pitch angle is the angle at which the projection of the blade on a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation occupies the largest area or surface. Pitch angles of larger amounts result in the projections of the blade on the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (also referred to, in the following, as the "plane of rotation) occupying corresponding smaller areas or surfaces.
• the projection of the blade on the rotation plane is such that a V shape is formed along the span of the blade (see figure 12).
• the blade 1 comprises a first, inner, portion 1 a close to the rotational axis (to the root portion 1 r) and extending from the root portion 1 r, along with a second, outer, portion 1 b, and extending from the first portion 1 a.
• the first portion 1 a extends along a first direction substantially parallel to the axis X-X
• the second portion 1 b extends along a second direction other than the first direction (forming an angle with the axis X-X).
• first portion 1 a and the second portion 1 b are oriented one with respect to the other so that an obtuse angle V (more than 90° and less than 180°) is still defined by the leading edge 1 1, whilst a bigger angle (more than 180°) is defined by the trailing edge 1 t.
• the main difference between the embodiment of figure 5 and the embodiment of figure 12 relates to the fact that, in the embodiment of figure 12, with reference to the axis X-X which, as depicted, crosses both the blade portion 1 a and the blade portion 1 b, the vertex Vv of the angle V defined by the leading edge 1 1 and the opposite tips (points B and C) of the leading edge 1 1 are located on the same side with respect to the axis X-X.
• a further difference with respect to the embodiment of figure 5 may relate to the length of the bade portions 1 a and 1 b which, in the embodiment of figure 12, have different lengths.
• the blade portions 1 a and 1 b may have substantially the same length.
• the balde portions in the embodiment of figure 5 may have different lengths.
• the blade can be manufactured according to different methods among those known in the art, for instance extruding and/or pressing and/or forging one or both of the two blade portions and joining them by welding, screwing, glueing or the like.
• one or both of the blade portions may be hollow or not.
• the blade according to the present invention may be used in combination with fans provided for purposes other than cooling such as in fans of helicopters and/or airplanes or the like.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-11-16 JP JP2018544425A patent/JP6875412B2/ja active Active
  • 2016-11-16 RU RU2018120338A patent/RU2721214C2/ru active
  • 2016-11-16 PL PL16825703.8T patent/PL3377775T3/pl unknown
  • 2016-11-16 WO PCT/EP2016/077874 patent/WO2017085134A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2016-11-16 EP EP16825703.8A patent/EP3377775B1/en active Active
  • 2016-11-16 US US15/776,024 patent/US11795975B2/en active Active
  • 2016-11-16 KR KR1020187017120A patent/KR102716221B1/ko active Active
  • 2016-11-16 BR BR112018009900-7A patent/BR112018009900B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2016-11-16 CN CN201680076644.6A patent/CN108431428B/zh active Active
  • 2016-11-16 ES ES16825703T patent/ES2925267T3/es active Active

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