WO2017081765A1 - 加工用ノズル、加工ヘッドおよび光加工装置 - Google Patents
加工用ノズル、加工ヘッドおよび光加工装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017081765A1 WO2017081765A1 PCT/JP2015/081725 JP2015081725W WO2017081765A1 WO 2017081765 A1 WO2017081765 A1 WO 2017081765A1 JP 2015081725 W JP2015081725 W JP 2015081725W WO 2017081765 A1 WO2017081765 A1 WO 2017081765A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- processing
- branch
- light
- powder
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1462—Nozzles; Features related to nozzles
- B23K26/1464—Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire
- B23K26/1476—Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
- B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
- B05B7/228—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
- B23K26/1437—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for flow rate control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a processing nozzle that injects fluid to a processing point in an optical processing apparatus that forms a model by irradiating a fluid containing a processing material with light.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for supplying powder from the outside of a slit toward a slit that is a powder flow path in a processing nozzle.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique for solving the above-described problems.
- a processing nozzle comprises: An inner cone containing a light path through which light from the light source passes, An outer cone disposed outside the inner cone; A fluid ejection flow path formed with a gap between the inner cone and the outer cone, and having an ejection opening that opens toward the processing surface; A fluid guide channel having a fluid inlet; With The fluid guide channel guides the fluid in a direction away from the light beam path toward the fluid ejection channel.
- an optical processing apparatus comprises: The above processing nozzle was used.
- a machining head comprises: The processing nozzle; The light source; An optical transmission unit for transmitting light generated from the light source; An optical system for guiding the light transmitted from the light transmission unit to the light path; It has further.
- an optical processing apparatus comprises: The above processing head was provided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the configuration of a processing nozzle 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the processing nozzle 100 is disposed and attached to the head end of the optical processing apparatus.
- the optical processing apparatus to which the processing nozzle 100 is attached condenses a light beam 190 such as a laser beam toward the processing point 161 on the processing surface 160.
- Metal powder or the like as a material is mixed with an inert gas and supplied as a fluid such as a powder flow 170 to the processing nozzle 100, and is supplied from the injection port 131 at the tip of the processing nozzle 100 to the processing point 161. It is injected towards. Then, the optical processing apparatus melts the metal powder or the like contained in the powder flow 170 ejected from the processing nozzle 100 with a light beam 190 such as a laser beam, thereby modeling or overlaying a three-dimensional structure. I do.
- the processing nozzle 100 includes an inner cone 101, an outer cone 102, a fluid ejection channel (slit) 103, and a fluid guide channel (branch) 104.
- the inner cone 101 includes a light beam path 150 through which a light beam 190 from a light source (not shown) passes.
- the outer cone 102 is disposed outside the inner cone 101.
- the slit 103 is formed by the outer surface of the inner cone 101 and the inner surface of the outer cone 102 and includes an injection port 131 that opens toward the processing surface 160.
- the fluid guide channel 104 and its inlet 142 are composed of two annular walls disposed coaxially. A plurality of branch passage ports 141 formed at predetermined intervals are provided on the outer peripheral side of the two annular walls.
- the branch passage port 141 is opened so that the fluid is guided in a direction away from the light beam path 150.
- the fluid flowing in from the inlet 142 is guided to the branch passage 141 by the fluid guide channel 104. Further, it is guided in a direction away from the light beam path 150 toward the fluid ejection channel 103.
- the processing nozzle 100 has, as an overall structure, a structure in which an outer cone 102 whose outer surface is tapered (cone) is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the inner cone 101 whose outer surface is tapered (cone). It has become. And by setting it as such a structure, the clearance gap formed by the outer surface of the inner cone 101 and the inner surface of the outer cone 102, ie, the slit 103, is formed.
- the inner cone 101 and the outer cone 102 do not have to be arranged coaxially, and the arrangement method is not limited as long as the slit 103 is formed between the inner cone 101 and the outer cone 102.
- the powder flow 170 including the metal powder as the material passes through the slit 103 and reaches the processing point 161.
- a light beam 190 such as a laser beam passes through the light beam path 150 and reaches the processing point 161.
- the outer diameter of the branching portion 104 is smaller than the outer diameter of the bottom surface of the conical inner cone 101, and a space is formed between the branching portion 104 and the outer cone 102. Become.
- the branching section 104 is provided with a branch passage port 141 and an inflow port 142.
- the powder flow 170 supplied from the inflow port 142 flows into the branching unit 104.
- the powder flow 170 that has flowed into the branch portion 104 as a fluid guide path passes through the branch passage port 141 that is an opening of the branch portion 104 provided in the branch portion 104, and from the inside of the branch portion 104. It flows to the outside.
- the powder flow 170 flowing out through the branch passage port 141 flows into the buffer tank 143. Thereafter, the powder flow 170 flows from the buffer tank 143 into the slit 103, passes through the slit 103, and is supplied to the processing point 161.
- the powder flow 170 is emitted from the injection port 131 at the tip of the processing nozzle 100 to the processing point 161, and a light beam 190 such as a laser beam is emitted from the light beam path 150 to the injected powder flow 170. Is irradiated.
- the light 190 is allowed to pass and an inert gas is allowed to flow.
- the inert gas include, but are not limited to, argon, helium, and nitrogen.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic top view illustrating the configuration of the processing nozzle 100 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional side view illustrating the configuration of the processing nozzle 100 according to the present embodiment.
- the thicknesses of the inner cone 101, the outer cone 102, the branching portion 104, and the like are omitted as appropriate in order to avoid complicated drawing.
- the plurality of branch passage ports 141 are arranged rotationally symmetrically with respect to the central axis 180.
- the rotational symmetry means that when the object is rotated around the rotation axis, it matches the original shape even if the rotation angle is less than 360 °.
- the number of branches of the branch passage port 141 is 8 (8 branches), but the number of branches is not limited to this, and is 2 branches, 4 branches, 16 branches, and the like. Also good.
- the plurality of branch passage ports 141 are arranged at regular intervals, so that the powder flow 170 is isotropically branched with respect to the central axis 180.
- the powder flow 170 supplied from a material supply unit (not shown) is supplied to the processing point 161 as shown by the arrow in the figure.
- the powder flow 170 flowing in from the inlet 142 passes through the branch passage 141 and is injected toward the buffer tank 143. That is, the powder flow 170 is injected outward from the branch portion 104 with respect to the central axis 180 and flows into the buffer tank 143.
- the powder flow 170 flowing into the buffer tank 143 flows into the slit 103 formed by the gap between the inner cone 101 and the outer cone 102.
- the powder flow 170 flowing into the slit 103 flows through the slit 103 and is ejected from the ejection port 131 at the tip of the slit 103 toward the processing point 161.
- the powder flow 170 is guided in a direction away from the central axis 180, that is, in a direction from the inside toward the outside. Furthermore, since the branch passage ports 141 are arranged rotationally symmetrically, fluid such as the powder flow 170 can be naturally diffused isotropically. Thereby, since the density
- unevenness in density of the powder in the powder flow 170 can be reduced. If the unevenness of the density of the powder flow 170 is reduced in the processing nozzle 100, the uniformity of the concentration of the powder flow 170 in the slit 103 is also increased, and the powder convergence of the powder flow 170 at the processing point 161 is increased. improves.
- the powder flow 170 flows from the narrow space called the inlet 142 into the wide space formed by the buffer tank 143 via the branch passage port 141, the flow velocity of the powder flow 170 temporarily decreases. Since the flow rate of the powder flow 170 decreases and the time during which the powder flow 170 stays in the buffer tank 143 increases, the powder flow 170 and the powder contained in the powder flow 170 are transferred to the buffer tank 143. The time that is naturally diffused in increases. That is, since the powder flow 170 is sufficiently diffused in the buffer tank 143, unevenness in density of the powder contained in the powder flow 170 can be further reduced, and the occurrence of turbulence can be suppressed.
- the uniformity of the concentration of the powder flow 170 in the slit 103 is also increased, and the powder convergence of the powder flow 170 at the processing point 161 is improved. To do.
- the slit 103 as the flow path of the powder flow 170 has a cross-sectional area that crosses the central axis of the slit 103 as it approaches the processing point 161. Since the flow velocity (velocity) of the powder flow 170 flowing through the slit 103 is almost inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the slit 103, the flow velocity increases as the powder flow 170 approaches the processing point 161. That is, since the injection speed of the powder flow 170 to be injected can be increased at the injection port 131, the powder flow 170 can surely reach the processing point 161 and the powder convergence can be improved. it can.
- size of the cross-sectional area which crosses the central axis of the slit 103 is not limited to what becomes small as it approaches the process point 161, For example, it may be constant or may become large gradually.
- the light beam 190 is not limited to the laser light, and any light beam can be used as long as the powder material can be melted at the processing point.
- light rays such as electromagnetic waves in the infrared to ultraviolet region may be used.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view for explaining the configuration of the processing nozzle according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional side view for explaining the outline of fluid supply by the machining nozzle according to the present embodiment.
- the processing nozzle according to the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a powder flow inflow pipe is provided and the branching portion has a two-stage configuration. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment, the same configurations and operations are denoted by the same reference numerals and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the processing nozzle 400 includes a branch portion 404a, a branch portion 404b, an introduction pipe 444, and a branch passage port 445.
- the branch portion 404 a is provided with an introduction pipe 444, and the introduction port 442 of the introduction pipe 444 is located outside (outside) the processing nozzle 400. That is, the introduction port 442 is located farther from the central axis 180 than the branch portion 404a.
- the branch portion 404a and the branch portion 404b are arranged in two stages in the vertical direction, and a fluid guide channel for guiding the powder flow 170 is formed by the branch portion 404a and the branch portion 404b.
- a fluid such as the powder flow 170 flows into the branch portion 404b from the branch passage port 445 that connects the branch portion opening provided in the branch portion 404a and the branch portion inlet provided in the branch portion 404b, and enters the branch portion 404b. It flows into the slit 103 through the branch opening provided. That is, the powder flow 170 supplied from the introduction port 442 of the introduction pipe 444 flows through the upper branch portion 404a and then flows into the lower branch portion 404b.
- the powder flow 170 that has flowed into the branching portion 404b flows out from the branching portion opening provided in the branching portion 404b through four branch passage openings 441 that communicate with the buffer tank 143 to the buffer tank 143.
- the powder flow 170 flowing out to the buffer layer 143 flows into the slit 103 and is injected from the injection port 131 toward the processing surface 160.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic top view illustrating an outline of the flow of the powder flow 170 in the upper branching portion 404a of the processing nozzle according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic top view illustrating an outline of the flow of the powder flow 170 in the lower branching portion 404b of the processing nozzle according to the present embodiment.
- the thickness of the branching portion and the like are omitted as appropriate in order to avoid complication of the drawings.
- the powder flow 170 supplied from the introduction port 442 of the introduction pipe 444 to the branch portion 404a is branched into two inside the branch portion 404a. And the powder flow 170 branched into two flows into the lower branch part 404b from the branch passage port 445 located in the bottom face of the branch part 404a. That is, the powder flow 170 flows from the upper branch portion 404a to the lower branch portion 404b, thereby flowing into the branch portion 404b.
- the powder flow 170 is branched into two at the branching portion 404a, and then further branched into two at the branching portion 404b to become a four-branched powder flow 170. Then, the four-branched powder flow 170 passes through the buffer tank 143 from the branch passage port 441, flows into the slit 103, and is injected and supplied from the injection port 131 to the processing point 161.
- the powder flow 170 can be branched equally and isotropically.
- the number of branches in the branching unit 404a and the branching unit 404b is not limited to the number shown in the present embodiment (from 2 branches to 4 branches). For example, from 4 branches to 8 branches, from 8 branches to 16 branches, etc. There may be.
- the powder flow can be diffused inside the nozzle by radially expanding the powder flow with respect to the light beam path.
- the turbulent flow which arises when the fluid branched by the outside collides inside a nozzle like the past does not generate
- the powder convergence can be improved.
- the powder convergence can be improved.
- the powder flow is evenly branched, the uniformity of the concentration of the powder flow in the slit is increased and the powder convergence is improved.
- a radial powder flow can be created with respect to the light path, so that a natural diffusion of the powder flow can be realized.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view for explaining the configuration of the machining nozzle 800 according to the present embodiment.
- the tip portion of the processing nozzle constituted by the inner cone and the outer cone is not shown as appropriate.
- the processing nozzle 800 according to the present embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that the powder flow is sequentially branched into two, four, and finally eight branches. Since other configurations and operations are the same as those of the second embodiment, the same configurations and operations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the processing nozzle 800 further includes a branching portion 804c. That is, the processing nozzle 800 has a three-stage structure in which the branch portions are arranged in the order of the branch portion 404a, the branch portion 404b, and the branch portion 804c in this order from the upstream side.
- the branch part 404b and the branch part 804c are provided below the branch part 404a, and the branch part 804c is provided outside the branch part 404b. That is, the diameter of the branch part 804c is larger than the diameter of the branch part 404b.
- the branch portion 404a, the branch portion 404b, and the branch portion 804c are arranged coaxially with respect to the central axis 180.
- the branch portions 404a, 404b, and 804c are sequentially arranged.
- the powder flow 170 is ejected from the introduction port 442 of the introduction pipe 444 toward the central axis 180 and introduced into the branch portion 404a.
- the example in which the powder flow 170 is introduced from the outside of the branch portion 404a using the introduction pipe 444 has been shown.
- a powder flow 170 may be introduced from above.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic top view schematically showing the configuration of the processing nozzle 800 and the flow of the powder flow.
- the thickness of each branch portion is omitted as appropriate in order to avoid complication of the drawing.
- the powder flow 170 that has flowed into the branch portion 404a from the introduction pipe 444 is branched into two on the left and right sides, and is provided below the branch portion 404a from two branch passage ports 445 provided on the bottom surface of the branch portion 404a. It flows into the branch part 404b.
- Each of the powder streams 170 flowing into the branch portion 404b is further branched into two, and is branched into a total of four powder streams 170. Then, the powder flow 170 branched into four flows out from the four branch passage ports 441 communicating with the branch portion 804c from the branch portion 404b to the branch portion 804c.
- Each of the four powder streams 170 that have flowed out to the branching portion 804c is further branched into two, and branched into a total of eight powder streams 170.
- the powder flow 170 branched into eight flows out to the buffer tank 143 from the eight branch passage ports 841 communicating with the buffer tank 143 from the branch portion 804c.
- the powder flow 170 is branched into two at the branch portion 404 a, then branched into four at the branch 404 b, and further branched into eight at the branch portion 804 c and guided to the buffer tank 143.
- the branch portion has a three-stage configuration, the flow rate of the powder flow can be suppressed, the diffusion time of the powder flow can be lengthened, and the powder flow can be equalized.
- the branch part is described using an example of a three-stage structure.
- the structure of the branch part is not limited to a three-stage structure, for example, more than three stages such as five stages and seven stages. A structure having a large number of stages may be used.
- the powder flow 170 is guided in a direction away from the central axis 180.
- a branch part for guiding 170 may be provided. With such a configuration, it is possible to freely control the flow rate and the powder density of the powder flow 170.
- optical processing apparatus 1000 includes any of the processing nozzles 100, 400, and 800 described in the above-described embodiment, and three-dimensional modeling is performed by melting the material included in the powder flow with the heat generated by the condensed light. It is a device for modeling objects and generating overlay welding.
- an optical processing apparatus 1000 including the processing nozzle 200 will be described.
- the optical processing apparatus 1000 includes a light source 1001, an optical transmission unit 1015, a stage 1005, a material storage device 1006, a material supply unit 1030, a processing head 1008, and a control unit 1007.
- a laser light source is used as the light source 1001, but an LED (Light Emitting Diode), a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, or the like can be used.
- the light beam used for melting the material is not limited to laser light, and any light beam that can melt the powder material at the processing point may be used.
- an electron beam or a light beam such as an electromagnetic wave in a microwave to ultraviolet region may be used.
- the light transmission unit 1015 is an optical fiber having a core diameter of ⁇ 0.01 to 1 mm, for example, and guides light generated by the light source 1001 to the processing head 1008.
- the material container 1006 supplies a carrier gas containing a material to the processing head 1008 via the material supply unit 1030.
- the material is particles such as metal particles and resin particles.
- the carrier gas is an inert gas, and may be, for example, argon gas, nitrogen gas, or helium gas.
- the material supply unit 1030 is a resin or metal hose, for example, and guides the powder flow 170 in which the material is mixed into the carrier gas to the processing head 1008.
- the processing head 1008 includes a focusing device for focusing light as a light beam, and a processing nozzle 200 is attached downstream of the focusing device.
- the laser beam supplied to the processing head 1008 is adjusted so as to be condensed on the processing surface 160 through an optical system including a lens or the like provided therein, and passes through the processing nozzle 200 to be processed. 160 is irradiated.
- the optical system is provided so as to be able to control the condensing position by controlling the lens interval and the like.
- the control unit 1007 inputs modeling conditions such as fine writing or thick writing, changes the output value of the laser light from the light source 1001 according to the input modeling conditions, and slides the outer casing of the processing nozzle 200. . Thereby, the powder spot diameter by the powder injected from the processing nozzle 200 is controlled in accordance with the molten pool diameter.
- the modeled object 1010 is created on the stage 1005.
- Light emitted from the processing head 1008 is collected on the processing surface 160 on the modeled object 1010.
- the processing surface 160 is heated and condensed by condensing to form a molten pool 162 in part.
- the material is injected from the processing nozzle 200 into the molten pool 162 of the processing surface 160. Then, the material melts into the molten pool 162. Thereafter, the molten pool 162 is cooled and solidified, so that the material is deposited on the processed surface 160 and three-dimensional modeling is realized.
- the processing nozzle 200, the light source 1001, the light transmission unit 1015, and the optical system have been described as separate members, but these members may be integrally formed to form the processing head 1008.
- the light transmitted from the light source 1001 through the light transmission unit 1015 reaches the processing nozzle 200 and is emitted from the end of the light transmission unit 1015. At this time, the light is diverged from the end of the optical transmission unit 1015 at a predetermined divergence angle.
- the diverging light is once converted into parallel light by the optical system in the processing nozzle 200 and further condensed toward the processing surface 160.
- the larger the divergence angle the larger the beam diameter of the parallel light.
- the optical processing head 1008 using this nozzle can dispose a fluid guiding channel around the light beam path. Therefore, there is an effect that any beam diameter can be designed.
- the processing nozzle 200, the material supply unit 1030, and the material storage device 1006 have been described as separate members, but these members may be integrally formed to form the optical processing device 1000.
- the material is guided by the powder flow from the material container 1006 to the processing nozzle 200 through the material supply unit 1030.
- no branching portion is required in the supply path.
- the configuration of the entire apparatus is simplified, and there is an effect that the size can be reduced.
- the pressure loss of the powder flow varies depending on the position of the branch portion. The pressure loss of the powder flow affects the powder convergence. If this nozzle is used, since the branching portion is always arranged at the same position with respect to the injection port, there is an effect that such deterioration of the powder convergence can be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
光源からの光を通過させる光線経路を内包するインナーコーンと、
前記インナーコーンの外側に配置されたアウターコーンと、
前記インナーコーンと前記アウターコーンとの間隙で形成され、加工面に向けて開口する射出口を備えた流体射出流路と、
流体の導入口を有する流体誘導流路と、
を備え、
前記流体誘導流路は、前記流体射出流路に向けて、前記光線経路から離れる方向に前記流体を誘導する。
上記加工用ノズルを用いた。
上記加工用ノズルと、
前記光源と、
前記光源から発生した光を伝送する光伝送部と、
前記光伝送部から伝送された光を前記光線経路に誘導する光学系と、
をさらに有する。
上記加工ヘッドを備えた。
本発明の第1実施形態としての加工用ノズルについて、図1乃至図3を用いて説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係る加工用ノズル100の構成を説明する斜視図である。加工用ノズル100は、光加工装置のヘッド先端に配置され、取り付けられるものである。そして、加工用ノズル100を取り付けた光加工装置は、加工面160上の加工点161に向けてレーザ光などの光線190を集光させる。
次に本発明の第2実施形態に係る加工用ノズルについて、図4乃至図7を用いて説明する。図4は、本実施形態に係る加工用ノズルの構成を説明するための斜視図である。図5は、本実施形態に係る加工用ノズルによる流体供給の概要を説明するための概略側断面図である。本実施形態に係る加工用ノズルは、上記第1実施形態と比べると、粉体流の流入用パイプが設けられ、分岐部が上下2段構成になっている点で異なる。その他の構成および動作は、第1実施形態と同様であるため、同じ構成および動作については同じ符号を付してその詳しい説明を省略する。
次に本発明の第3実施形態に係る加工用ノズルについて、図8および図9を用いて説明する。図8は、本実施形態に係る加工用ノズル800の構成を説明するための斜視図である。なお、同図においては、インナーコーンとアウターコーンとで構成される加工用ノズルの先端部分などは適宜図示を省略している。本実施形態に係る加工用ノズル800は、上記第2実施形態と比べると、粉体流を順次2分岐、4分岐して最終的に8分岐する構成となっている点で異なる。その他の構成および動作は、第2実施形態と同様であるため、同じ構成および動作については同じ符号を付してその詳しい説明を省略する。
次に本発明の第4実施形態としての光加工装置(Optical Machining apparatus)1000について、図10を用いて説明する。光加工装置1000は、上述の実施形態で説明した加工用ノズル100、400、800のいずれかを含み、集光した光が生み出す熱で粉体流に含まれる材料を溶融することにより三次元造形物を造形したり、肉盛溶接を生成したりする装置である。ここでは一例として、加工ノズル200を備えた光加工装置1000について説明する。
光加工装置1000は、光源1001、光伝送部1015、ステージ1005、材料収容装置1006、材料供給部1030、加工ヘッド1008および制御部1007を備えている。
次に、光加工装置1000の動作について説明する。造形物1010は、ステージ1005の上で作成される。加工ヘッド1008から射出される射出光は、造形物1010上の加工面160において集光される。加工面160は、集光によって昇温され、溶融され、一部に溶融プール162を形成する。
以上、実施形態を参照して本願発明を説明したが、本願発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。本願発明の構成や詳細には、本願発明のスコープ内で当業者が理解し得る様々な変更をすることができる。また、それぞれの実施形態に含まれる別々の特徴を如何様に組み合わせたシステムまたは装置も、本発明の範疇に含まれる。
Claims (10)
- 光源からの光を通過させる光線経路を内包するインナーコーンと、
前記インナーコーンの外側に配置されたアウターコーンと、
前記インナーコーンと前記アウターコーンとの間隙で形成され、加工面に向けて開口する射出口を備えた流体射出流路と、
流体の導入口を有する流体誘導流路と、
を備え、
前記流体誘導流路は、前記流体射出流路に向けて、前記光線経路から離れる方向に前記流体を誘導する、
加工用ノズル。 - 前記インナーコーンと前記アウターコーンとは、同軸に配置され、
前記流体誘導流路は、前記流体を前記流体射出流路に誘導するように開口された開口部を少なくとも1つ有し、
前記開口部と前記流体射出流路との間にバッファを有する請求項1に記載の加工用ノズル。 - 前記流体誘導流路は、前記導入口を少なくとも1つ有し、
前記開口部の数は、前記導入口の数よりも多い請求項1または2に記載の加工用ノズル。 - 前記流体誘導流路は、シーケンシャルに並ぶ複数の分岐部により構成され、
各分岐部は、流体が流入する分岐部流入口と、前記流体が流出する分岐部開口部とを有し、
前記シーケンシャルに並ぶ複数の分岐部のうち最後の分岐部の分岐部流入口は、その分岐部の分岐部開口部よりも光線経路側に配置される請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の加工用ノズル。 - 前記複数の分岐部のうち特定の分岐部の分岐部流入口は、その分岐部の分岐部開口部よりも外側に配置されることにより、その分岐部に流れる前記流体を前記光線経路に近づく方向に誘導する請求項4に記載の加工用ノズル。
- 前記開口部は、前記光線経路を軸として、回転対称に配置されている請求項請求項2乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の加工用ノズル。
- 請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の加工用ノズルを用いた光加工装置。
- 前記流体に含まれる材料を収容する材料収容部と、
前記流体を前記加工用ノズルに供給する材料供給部と、
をさらに備えた請求項7に記載の光加工装置。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の加工用ノズルと、
前記光源と、
前記光源から発生した光を伝送する光伝送部と、
前記光伝送部から伝送された光を前記光線経路に誘導する光学系と、
をさらに有する加工ヘッド。 - 請求項9に記載の加工ヘッドを備えた光加工装置。
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