WO2017076326A1 - 多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法和装置 - Google Patents

多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017076326A1
WO2017076326A1 PCT/CN2016/104584 CN2016104584W WO2017076326A1 WO 2017076326 A1 WO2017076326 A1 WO 2017076326A1 CN 2016104584 W CN2016104584 W CN 2016104584W WO 2017076326 A1 WO2017076326 A1 WO 2017076326A1
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antennas
antenna
group
pilot
transmitted
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PCT/CN2016/104584
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English (en)
French (fr)
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辛雨
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile communications, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 4G Full Term Evolution
  • LTE adopts OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) technology, and time-frequency resources composed of subcarriers and OFDM symbols form a radio physical time-frequency resource of the LTE system.
  • OFDM technology has been widely used in wireless communication. Due to the cyclic prefix CP (CP), the CP-OFDM system can solve the multipath delay problem well and divide the frequency selective channel into a set of parallel flat channels, which simplifies the channel estimation method. And has a higher channel estimation accuracy.
  • the performance of the CP-OFDM system is sensitive to the frequency offset, which is sensitive to the Doppler shift. This is mainly because the spectrum leakage of the system is relatively large, so it is easy to cause inter-carrier interference (ICI). .
  • ICI inter-carrier interference
  • the CP also takes up time resources and reduces spectrum efficiency.
  • BMC-OQAM Finer Bank-based MutiCarrier-Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • 5G Fifth Generation
  • BMC-OQAM Breast Bank-based MutiCarrier-Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
  • the FBMC-OQAM symbol length is half the length of the OFDM symbol.
  • FBMC-OQAM is also called OFDM-OQAM in some materials.
  • FBMC-OQAM uses a suitable pulse shaping function to reduce out-of-band leakage and better combat frequency offset and Doppler shift effects.
  • FBMC-OQAM does not require the use of CP, so it is also beneficial to improve spectral efficiency.
  • One method is to separate pilot symbols from data symbols by using null data symbols to reduce the interference of data symbols on pilot symbols, thereby improving channel estimation. performance.
  • their pilot signal overhead is relatively large, and in the case of multiple antennas, multiple null data symbols are required to separate the pilot symbols of each antenna, so that the pilot signal overhead is greater, and their channels are Estimated performance is not very good.
  • Another method is to use the auxiliary pilot method to cancel the interference of the surrounding data on the pilot data. If the number of auxiliary pilots is relatively small, in order to cancel the interference, the power of the auxiliary pilot will be relatively large, affecting the signal.
  • the method and apparatus for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system provided by the present invention have the problem that the pilot signal overhead of the FBMC is large.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system comprising:
  • the transmitting node transmits pilot data on three consecutive symbols in the time domain on the same subcarrier m, wherein the pilot data is: X(m, n-1), X(m, n), X(m, n +1); where:
  • m is the subcarrier number
  • n is the symbol number
  • the phase of X(m,n-1) and X(m,n) is ⁇ /2
  • the phase of X(m,n+1) and X(m,n) The phase difference is ⁇ /2
  • the X(m, n-1) and X(m, n+1) phases are made to be different by ⁇
  • X(m, n-1) is equal to the modulus of X(m, n+1).
  • the modulus of X(m, n-1) and X(m, n) and the modulus of X(m, n+1) and X(m, n) are equal or unequal.
  • a group of antennas includes P antennas, where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T;
  • the physics of transmitting the pilot data elements X(mp1, n-1), X(mp1, n), X(mp1, n+1) on any of the transmit antennas p1 in the P antennas of the group The data elements on the same physical time-frequency resource on all other transmit antennas in the group corresponding to the time-frequency resource are set to: 0, 0, 0, where p1 is the number of the antenna; mp1 is the transmission on the antenna p1 The subcarrier number of the pilot data element.
  • a group of antennas includes P antennas, where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T;
  • the physics of transmitting the pilot data elements X(mp1, n-1), X(mp1, n), X(mp1, n+1) on any of the transmit antennas p1 in the P antennas of the group The data elements on the same physical time-frequency resource on all other transmit antennas in the group corresponding to the time-frequency resource are set to: Z(mp1, n-1), 0, Z(mp1, n+1), and satisfy Z.
  • (mp1, n-1) is equal to the modulus of Z(mp1, n+1) and has a phase difference of ⁇ ; wherein p1 is the certain antenna number; mp1 is the subcarrier number of the pilot data element transmitted on the antenna p1 .
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are calculated by a formula containing X(mp2, n), where p2 is the number of the antenna and p2 is not equal to p1 .
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are included by including the time-frequency resource on the transmitting antenna p2.
  • mp1-1, n-1 The data on n+1 is calculated, where p2 is the number of the antenna and p2 is not equal to p1.
  • the symbol occupied by the pilot signal transmitted by any antenna in the group in the time domain is the same as the symbol occupied by the pilot signal transmitted by all other antennas in the group in the time domain, the sub-symbol
  • the ap values of different antennas are different, and k is a certain A sequence of integers of length.
  • a method for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system comprising:
  • a group of antennas includes P antennas, and among the P antennas of the group, pilot signals are transmitted on the transmitting antenna p1, where:
  • Z(mp1, n-1) is equal to the modulus of Z(mp1, n+1) and the phase is different by ⁇ , where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T; p1
  • the number of the antennas is mp1, the subcarrier number of the pilot data element is transmitted on the antenna p1, and n is the symbol number of the pilot signal transmitted on the antenna p1.
  • the Z(mp1, n-1) and the Z(mp1, n-1) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • the subcarriers of Z(mp1, n+1) are adjacent to the subcarriers transmitting the pilot elements X(mp2, n)
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are included.
  • the formula of X(mp2,n) is calculated, where p2 is the number of the antenna and p2 is not equal to p1.
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are (mp1-1, n-1), (mp1-1,) by including the time-frequency resources on the transmitting antenna p2.
  • n), (mp1-1, n+1), (mp1+1, n-1), (mp1+1, n), (mp1+1, n+1) are calculated, where p2 is Said a certain antenna number, p2 is not equal to p1.
  • a method for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system comprising:
  • the receiving node receives pilot data transmitted on three consecutive symbols in the time domain on the same subcarrier m, wherein the pilot data is transmitted according to the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or Transmitted by the method of any of claims 12 to 15;
  • the receiving node performs channel estimation operations using the pilot data.
  • a transmission device for a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system comprising:
  • the first transmission module is configured to transmit pilot data on three consecutive symbols in the time domain on the same subcarrier m, wherein the pilot data is: X(m, n-1), X(m, n), X(m,n+1); where:
  • m is the subcarrier number
  • n is the symbol number
  • the phase of X(m,n-1) and X(m,n) is ⁇ /2
  • the phase of X(m,n+1) and X(m,n) The phase difference is ⁇ /2
  • the X(m, n-1) and X(m, n+1) phases are made to be different by ⁇
  • X(m, n-1) is equal to the modulus of X(m, n+1).
  • the modulus of X(m, n-1) and X(m, n) and the modulus of X(m, n+1) and X(m, n) are equal or unequal.
  • a group of antennas includes P antennas, where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T;
  • the physics of transmitting the pilot data elements X(mp1, n-1), X(mp1, n), X(mp1, n+1) on any of the transmit antennas p1 in the P antennas of the group The data elements on the same physical time-frequency resource on all other transmit antennas in the group corresponding to the time-frequency resource are set to: 0, 0, 0, where p1 is the number of the antenna; mp1 is the transmission on the antenna p1 The subcarrier number of the pilot data element.
  • a group of antennas includes P antennas, where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T;
  • the physics of transmitting the pilot data elements X(mp1, n-1), X(mp1, n), X(mp1, n+1) on any of the transmit antennas p1 in the P antennas of the group The data elements on the same physical time-frequency resource on all other transmit antennas in the group corresponding to the time-frequency resource are set to: Z(mp1, n-1), 0, Z(mp1, n+1), and satisfy Z.
  • (mp1, n-1) is equal to the modulus of Z(mp1, n+1) and has a phase difference of ⁇ ; wherein p1 is the certain antenna number; mp1 is the subcarrier number of the pilot data element transmitted on the antenna p1 .
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are calculated by a formula containing X(mp2, n), where p2 is the number of the antenna and p2 is not equal to p1 .
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are (mp1-1, n-1), (mp1-1,) by including the time-frequency resources on the transmitting antenna p2.
  • n), (mp1-1, n+1), (mp1+1, n-1), (mp1+1, n), (mp1+1, n+1) are calculated, where p2 is Said a certain antenna number, p2 does not Equal to p1.
  • the symbol occupied by the pilot signal transmitted by any antenna in the group in the time domain is the same as the symbol occupied by the pilot signal transmitted by all other antennas in the group in the time domain, the sub-symbol
  • the ap values of different antennas are different, and k is a certain A sequence of integers of length.
  • a transmission device for a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system comprising:
  • the second transmission module is configured to: when the number of transmitting antennas of the transmitting end is T, the group of antennas includes P antennas, and among the P antennas of the group, the pilot signals are transmitted on the transmitting antenna p1, where:
  • Z(mp1, n-1) is equal to the modulus of Z(mp1, n+1) and the phase is different by ⁇ , where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T; p1
  • the number of the antennas is mp1, the subcarrier number of the pilot data element is transmitted on the antenna p1, and n is the symbol number of the pilot signal transmitted on the antenna p1.
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are calculated by a formula containing X(mp2, n), where p2 is the number of the antenna and p2 is not equal to p1.
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are (mp1-1, n-1), (mp1-1,) by including the time-frequency resources on the transmitting antenna p2.
  • n), (mp1-1, n+1), (mp1+1, n-1), (mp1+1, n), (mp1+1, n+1) are calculated, where p2 is Said a certain antenna number, p2 is not equal to p1.
  • a transmission device for a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system comprising:
  • a receiving module configured to receive pilot data transmitted on three consecutive symbols in a time domain on the same subcarrier m, wherein the pilot data is sent according to any of the foregoing devices;
  • a processing module is configured to perform channel estimation operations using the pilot data.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium storing execution instructions for performing the method in the above embodiments.
  • the pilot design of the present invention can not only improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the joint detection of the pilot point signal by the receiving node, but also cancel the interference on the adjacent sub-carriers and the interference between the antennas, and can also
  • the physical time-frequency resource for saving separation interference is common in various systems based on time-frequency physical resources, and the channel estimation performance of the FBMC system or other systems with time-frequency physical resources can be well improved by using the present invention, and
  • the pilot overhead is relatively small.
  • FIG. 1 is a pilot signal of a time-frequency physical resource in an FBMC-OQAM system according to the present invention. Schematic diagram of continuous distribution in the frequency domain;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of spacing distribution of pilot signals in a frequency domain on a time-frequency physical resource of an FBMC-OQAM system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pilot signal distribution of two transmit antennas on a time-frequency physical resource of an FBMC-OQAM system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pilot signal distribution of two transmit antennas on a time-frequency physical resource of an FBMC-OQAM system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a device for transmitting a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system according to the present invention.
  • pilot signals are sometimes referred to as reference signals and are sometimes referred to as known signals.
  • the physical resources of the FBMC-OQAM system are also composed of subcarriers in the frequency domain and symbols on the time domain.
  • the subcarrier spacing is Fo
  • the effective symbol length is To
  • To 1/Fo
  • the subcarrier spacing is F
  • the symbol interval is T
  • 2T 1/F. Therefore, when the subcarrier spacing of the OFDM system and the FBMC-OQAM system are the same, the symbol interval of the FBMC-OQAM system is equal to the effective symbol length of the half OFDM system.
  • the FBMC-OQAM system is also a multi-carrier system.
  • the multi-carrier system referred to in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the physical resources of the system are composed of multiple sub-carriers in the frequency domain or the physical resources of the system are composed of multiple carriers in the frequency domain.
  • Transmitter package for multi-carrier systems include: base stations, terminals, relays, transmitting points, and the like, and the transmitting devices are collectively referred to as transmitting nodes.
  • a method for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system includes:
  • the pilot data elements are transmitted on three consecutive symbols in the time domain on the subcarrier m, wherein the pilot data elements are: X(m, n-1), X(m, n), and X(m, n +1), where m is the subcarrier number, n is the symbol number, and the phase of X(m,n-1) and X(m,n) is ⁇ /2 (ie, X(m,n-1) ratio X( The phase of m, n) is ⁇ /2 or small - ⁇ /2), and the phase of X(m, n+1) and X(m, n) is ⁇ /2 (ie, X(m, n+1) ratio The phase of X(m,n) is ⁇ /2 or small - ⁇ /2), and satisfies the phase difference of X(m,n-1) and X(m,n+1) by ⁇ , and X(m,n- 1) Equal to the modulus of X(m, n+1).
  • the modulus of X(m, n-1) and X(m, n) and the modulus of X(m, n+1) and X(m, n) are equal or unequal.
  • the pilot data elements can be complex, real or pure imaginary numbers.
  • X(m) is a real number or a pure imaginary number.
  • X(m,n) is a pure imaginary number.
  • the advantage of setting the pilot signal at the previous and subsequent symbols of the pilot signal position (m, n) is that it is possible to isolate (#, n-1) the preceding symbol and the symbol data pair after (m, n+1).
  • the interference of the pilot signal; the advantage of the phase difference of X(m, n-1) and X(m, n) is ⁇ /2 is that the signal-to-noise ratio of the joint demodulation of the pilot signal can be increased in the same direction; similarly, X ( The advantage of m, n+1) and X(m,n) being ⁇ /2 out of phase is that the signal-to-noise ratio of joint demodulation of pilot signals can be increased in the same direction; X(m, n-1) and X(m, n+1)
  • the phase difference ⁇ and the modulo equality have the advantage that the two-side pilot signals can increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the joint detection of the intermediate symbol pilot points on the same subcarrier, and the two pilot signals are
  • the interference of the intermediate symbol pilot signals can cancel each other out.
  • X(m,n) is preferably a pure imaginary number
  • X(m,n-1) and X(m,n+1) are real numbers, which can avoid the interference of the pilot signal on the surrounding data signals.
  • the present invention is equivalent to using no additional null symbols next to the three pilot symbols to separate the interference of the data on the pilot. Therefore, the present invention can save resources for separating interference, thereby saving pilot overhead. And because the pilot signal is jointly demodulated and the interference is cancelled, the channel estimation performance at the receiving end can be improved.
  • the present invention uses 3 symbols, the symbol spacing of the FBMC-OQAM system is equal to the effective symbol length of half the OFDM system. Therefore, the overhead of the three symbols is not large.
  • the continuous pilot signals in the three time domains may be discretely distributed in the time-frequency resource blocks of the FBMC-OQAM system, or may be distributed over some fixed consecutive three symbols.
  • the pilot signals may be continuously distributed or spaced apart in the frequency domain.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of continuous distribution of pilot signals in a frequency domain on time-frequency physical resources of an FBMC-OQAM system according to the present invention.
  • the abscissa is time
  • each cell length is the length or interval of each FBMC-OQAM symbol
  • the ordinate is frequency
  • each cell length is the width or interval of each subcarrier.
  • the first three symbols are pilot symbols, assuming that the three symbols are numbered: symbol 1, symbol 2, symbol 3.
  • the subcarrier n numbers are: 0, 1, 2, ..., N, assuming that the subcarriers of the pilot signal are numbered sequentially: 0, 1, 2.
  • the subcarrier sequence for transmitting the pilot signal can occupy the entire transmission bandwidth and can also occupy part of the transmission bandwidth.
  • the time-frequency resources of the non-negative line in Figure 1 transmit other data.
  • Table 1 is a list of signals of the pilot signals transmitted in FIG. Table 1 lists the pilot data on three consecutive symbols on the same carrier, and lists the pilot data on three consecutive symbols on different carriers. The details are shown in Table 1:
  • X(m,1) 1 or -1
  • the phase of X(m,1) and X(m,2) is different by ⁇ /2
  • the phase of X(m,3) and X(m,2) is different by ⁇ /2.
  • the modulus of X(m, n-1) and X(m, n) and the modulus of X(m, n+1) and X(m, n) are equal.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the spacing distribution of pilot signals in the frequency domain on the time-frequency physical resources of the FBMC-OQAM system according to the present invention.
  • the first three symbols are pilot symbols, wherein the three symbols are numbered: symbol 1, symbol 2, and symbol 3.
  • the subcarrier n numbers are in order: 0, 1, 2, ..., N
  • M 12 is shown.
  • Table 1 is a list of signals of the pilot signals transmitted in FIG. Table 1 lists the pilot data on three consecutive symbols on the same carrier, and lists the pilot data on three consecutive symbols on different carriers. The details are shown in Table 2:
  • Subcarrier symbol symbol symbol symbol 12 1 -j -1 11 10 -1 j 1 9 8 1 -j -1 7 6 -1 j 1 5 4 1 -j -1 3 2 -1 j 1 1 0 1 -j -1
  • X(m,1) 1 or -1
  • the phase of X(m,1) and X(m,2) is different by ⁇ /2
  • the phase of X(m,3) and X(m,2) is different by ⁇ /2.
  • X(m, n-1) and X(m, n+1) are equal to the modulus between X(m, n), respectively.
  • the pilot signal method designed above can be used on one transmit antenna or on multiple transmit antennas (ie, each pilot uses this pilot signal design).
  • the number of transmitting antennas at the transmitting end (or the number of antenna ports) (for convenience, this patent refers to the number of transmitting antennas and the number of antenna ports collectively referred to as the number of transmitting antennas) as T
  • T is a positive integer greater than 1
  • the group contains P antennas, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T.
  • the physics of transmitting the pilot data elements X(mp1, n-1), X(mp1, n), X(mp1, n+1) on any of the transmit antennas p1 in the P antennas of the group The data elements on the same physical time-frequency resource on all other transmit antennas in the group corresponding to the time-frequency resource are set to: 0, 0, 0. Where p1 is the number of the antennas; mp1 is the subcarrier number of the pilot data element transmitted on the antenna p1. The data element is 0, indicating that no data is transmitted on the time-frequency resource, or that there is no signal power on the time-frequency resource.
  • the advantage of setting the data element to zero on the corresponding resources on other antennas is to reduce the interference of other antennas on the pilot signals on the antenna p1.
  • the pilot data elements X(mp1, n-1), X(mp1, n), X(mp1, are transmitted on any one of the transmitting antennas p1.
  • the data elements on the same physical time-frequency resource on all other transmit antennas in the group corresponding to the physical time-frequency resources of n+1 are set to: Z(mp1, n-1), 0, Z(mp1, n+ 1), and satisfy Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are equal to each other and have a phase difference of ⁇ .
  • p1 is the number of the antennas
  • mp1 is the subcarrier number of the pilot data element transmitted on the antenna p1.
  • the data element is 0, indicating that no data is transmitted on the time-frequency resource, or that there is no signal power on the time-frequency resource. Since it is known data at the receiving end, the data element 0 can also be referred to as a pilot data element. When the data element: Z(mp1, n-1) or Z(mp1, n+1) is known to the receiving end, it may also be referred to as a pilot data element.
  • the advantages of setting the data elements to Z(mp1, n-1), 0, Z(mp1, n+1) on the corresponding resources on other antennas are: (1) the other antennas can be reduced to the antenna p1. The interference of the frequency signal; (2) can also cancel the interference of the data on the resources around the other antennas on the pilot signal on the antenna p1.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) is equal to the modulus of Z(mp1, n+1) and the phase difference is ⁇ is that Not only can the interference of other antennas on the pilot signals on the antenna p1 be cancelled, but also the interference of other antennas on the pilot signals on the antennas can be cancelled. Thereby, the channel estimation performance of the receiving end can be improved, and no additional resources are needed to separate the interference, thereby reducing the pilot overhead.
  • Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) subcarriers are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group, and the pilot element X (mp2, n) is transmitted.
  • X(mp2, n) is transmitted.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are calculated by a formula containing X(mp2, n). Where p2 is the number of the antenna, and p2 is not equal to p1.
  • g mp1, n is a filter function on a physical time-frequency resource (mp1, n)
  • g mp1, n-1 are filters on a physical time-frequency resource (mp1, n-1) function
  • g mp1, n + 1 is frequency resource physical (mp1, 1 n +) filter function on
  • g mp2, n is a physical frequency resources (mp2, n) filter function on, g mp2, n-1
  • g mp2, n+1 is the filter function on the physical time-frequency resource (mp2, n+1).
  • ⁇ is the interference of other data.
  • Z(mp1,n-1) and Z(mp1,n+1) can be calculated by the pilot elements X(mp1-1,n) and X(mp1+1,n), so it can be Data known at the receiving end.
  • Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) subcarriers are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group, and the pilot element X (mp2, n) is transmitted.
  • the subcarriers are not adjacent, then Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are (mp1-1, n-1), (mp1-) by including the time-frequency resources on the transmitting antenna p2.
  • the data on 1, n), (mp1-1, n+1), (mp1+1, n-1), (mp1+1, n), (mp1+1, n+1) are calculated.
  • p2 is the number of an antenna and p2 is not equal to p1.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) pass the time-frequency resources on the transmit antenna p2 as (mp1-1, n-1), (mp1-1, n), ( Mp1-1, n+1), (mp1+1, n-1), (mp1+1, n),
  • An example of the calculation of data on (mp1+1, n+1) is:
  • D(mp1-1, n-1), D(mp1-1, n), D(mp1-1, n+1), D(mp1+1, n-1), D(mp1+1, n), D(mp1+1, n+1) are the data on the corresponding time-frequency resources respectively
  • the symbols occupied by the pilot signal transmitted by any antenna in the group in the time domain are the same as the symbols occupied by the pilot signals transmitted by all other antennas in the group in the time domain.
  • Non-negative integers, different antennas have different ap values, and k is a sequence of integers of a certain length.
  • the number of transmit antennas (or the number of antenna ports) at the transmitting end is P*Q, where P and Q are positive integers, and P is greater than 1. This can be seen as a transmitting antenna with Q groups, each group of P antennas.
  • Different antennas have different ap values, and k is a sequence of integers of a certain length.
  • the present invention is suitable for including pilot signals of multiple antennas on the same three symbols, reducing pilot overhead compared to the prior art.
  • the transmitting node is multi-antenna
  • the following technical solutions are adopted from the perspective of separately canceling the interference of the pilot signals on the antennas between the antennas:
  • a method for transmitting pilot signals of a multi-antenna transmitting node of a multi-carrier system comprising:
  • the number of transmit antennas (or the number of antenna ports) at the transmitting end is T
  • there is a set of antennas and the set includes P antennas, where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is greater than 1 and less than or equal to A positive integer of T.
  • the physical frequency resource (mp1, n) of a certain transmission pilot signal on any one of the transmitting antennas p1 corresponds to the same subcarrier on all other transmitting antennas in the group.
  • the data elements on consecutive three symbols centered on the physical time-frequency resource symbol position are set to: Z(mp1, n-1), 0, Z(mp1, n+1), and satisfy Z(mp1, n-1) ) is equal to the modulus of Z(mp1, n+1) and has a phase difference of ⁇ .
  • p1 is the number of the antennas
  • mp1 is the subcarrier number of the pilot data element transmitted on the antenna p
  • n is the symbol number of the pilot signal transmitted on the antenna p1.
  • the benefits of setting the data elements to Z(mp1,n-1), 0, Z(mp1,n+1) on the corresponding resources on other antennas are: (1) can reduce other antenna pairs The interference of the pilot signal on the antenna p1 is described; (2) the interference of the data on the resources around the other antennas on the pilot signal on the antenna p1 can also be cancelled.
  • the advantage that Z(mp1, n-1) is equal to the modulus of Z(mp1, n+1) and the phase difference is ⁇ is that not only the interference of other antennas on the pilot signal on the antenna p1 but also other antennas can be offset. Interference with pilot signals on their own antennas. Thereby, the channel estimation performance of the receiving end can be improved.
  • Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) subcarriers are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group, and the pilot element X (mp2, n) is transmitted.
  • X(mp2, n) is transmitted.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are calculated by a formula containing X(mp2, n). Where p2 is the number of the antenna, and p2 is not equal to p1.
  • Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) subcarriers are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group, and the pilot element X (mp2, n) is transmitted.
  • the subcarriers are not adjacent, then Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are (mp1-1, n-1), (mp1-) by including the time-frequency resources on the transmitting antenna p2.
  • the data on 1, n), (mp1-1, n+1), (mp1+1, n-1), (mp1+1, n), (mp1+1, n+1) are calculated.
  • p2 is the number of the antenna, and p2 is not equal to p1.
  • the symbols occupied by the pilot signals transmitted by any antenna in the time domain and the pilot signals transmitted by all other antennas in the group are occupied in the time domain.
  • the antenna corresponds to a non-negative integer smaller than A.
  • the ap values of different antennas are different, and k is an integer of a certain length. sequence.
  • the data elements transmitted on the same three symbols of the same subcarrier on the antenna 2 corresponding to the subcarrier m1 carrying the pilot signal on the antenna 1 are: 0, 0, 0.
  • the data elements transmitted on the antenna 2 transmitting the subcarriers m2 carrying the pilot signals corresponding to the same three symbols on the same subcarrier on the antenna 1 are: 0, 0, 0.
  • FIG. 3 is an example of a scenario of pilot signal distribution of two transmit antennas on time-frequency physical resources of the FBMC-OQAM system.
  • the first three symbols are pilot symbols, and the numbers of the three symbols are assumed to be: symbol 1, symbol 2, and symbol 3.
  • the subcarrier n numbers are in order: 0, 1, 2, ..., N.
  • the series of subcarriers m1 carrying the pilot signal transmitted on the antenna 1 are: 0, 2, . . . , 12, that is, the shaded portion in the figure; FIG.
  • the series of subcarriers m2 carrying the pilot signal transmitted on the antenna 2 are: 1, 3, ..., 13, which are shaded portions in the figure; Figs. 3(a) and (b) You can use the pilot data elements as exemplified in Table 2, or you can use other pilot data elements.
  • the signal data of the same physical time-frequency resource carrying the pilot signal transmitted on the corresponding antenna 2 on the antenna 1 is: 0, 0, 0, that is, the subcarrier m2 on the antenna 1 (ie, The signal data transmitted on the three symbols of the series 1, 3, ..., 13) and the same as the pilot signal transmitted on the antenna 2 are: 0, 0, 0.
  • FIG. 3(a) the signal data of the same physical time-frequency resource carrying the pilot signal transmitted on the corresponding antenna 2 on the antenna 1 is: 0, 0, 0, that is, the subcarrier m2 on the antenna 1 (ie, The signal data transmitted on the three symbols of the series 1, 3, ..., 13) and the same as the pilot signal transmitted on the antenna 2 are: 0, 0, 0.
  • the signal data of the same physical time-frequency resource carrying the pilot signal transmitted on the corresponding antenna 1 on the antenna 2 is: 0, 0, 0, that is, the sub-carrier m1 on the antenna 2 (ie, The signal data transmitted on the three symbols of the 0, 2, ..., 12) series identical to the pilot signal transmitted on the antenna 1 is: 0, 0, 0.
  • Non-shadow in the picture The blank part transfers other data.
  • the signal data transmitted on the same three symbols of the same subcarrier on the antenna 2 corresponding to the subcarrier m1 carrying the pilot signal on the antenna 1 is: Z(m1, N-1), 0, Z (m1, n+1).
  • the signal data transmitted on the antenna 2 transmitting the subcarriers m2 carrying the pilot signals corresponding to the same three symbols on the same subcarrier on the antenna 1 is: Z(m2, n-1), 0, Z(m2, n+1).
  • FIG. 4 is also an example of a pilot signal distribution scenario of two transmit antennas on the time-frequency physical resource of the FBMC-OQAM system.
  • the first three symbols are pilot symbols, and the numbers of the three symbols are assumed to be: symbol 1, symbol 2, and symbol 3.
  • the subcarrier n numbers are in order: 0, 1, 2, ..., N.
  • the series of subcarriers m1 carrying the pilot signal on the antenna 1 are: 0, 2, ..., 12, and in FIG. 4(b), the antenna 2 is transmitted.
  • the series of subcarriers m2 carrying the pilot signals are: 1, 3, ..., 13, which are respectively shaded portions in the figure.
  • Both of the pilot data elements exemplified in Table 2 can be used in Figures 2(a) and (b), and other pilot data elements can be used.
  • the signal data of the same physical time-frequency resource carrying the pilot signal transmitted on the corresponding antenna 2 on the antenna 1 is: Z(m2, 1), 0, Z(m2, 3), That is, the signal data transmitted on the three symbols of the series of subcarriers m2 (ie 1, 3, ..., 13) on the antenna 1 that are identical to the pilot signals transmitted on the antenna 2 is: Z ( M2, 1), 0, Z (m2, 3).
  • the signal data of the same physical time-frequency resource carrying the pilot signal transmitted on the corresponding antenna 1 on the antenna 2 is: Z(m1, 1), 0, Z(m1, 3), That is, the signal data transmitted on the three symbols of the subcarrier m1 (ie, 0, 2, ..., 12) series on the antenna 2 and the same pilot signal transmitted on the antenna 1 is: Z ( M1, 1), 0, Z (m1, 3).
  • Zm1 and -Zm1 are used instead of Z(m1,1) and Z(m1,3).
  • the non-shaded blanks in the figure transfer other data.
  • Zm2 on the antenna 1 is calculated by a formula containing X(m2-1, 2) and X(m2+1, 2)
  • Zm1 on the antenna 2 contains X
  • the formulas of m1-1, 2) and X(m1+1, 2) are calculated. That is, in Figure 4(a), Z1, Z3, ... on the symbol 1 resource.
  • Z13 is calculated by X(0, 2) and X(2, 2), X(2, 2) and X(4, 2), ..., X(12, 2) on the pilot resources, respectively. It is concluded that in Figure 4(b), Z0, Z2, ..., Z12 on the symbol 2 resource pass X(1, 2), X(1, 2) and X on the pilot resource, respectively. 3, 2), ..., X (11, 2) and X (13, 2) are calculated.
  • An example of a specific calculation of the Z1 formula is as follows:
  • the receiving end includes various receiving devices such as a base station, a terminal, a relay, and the like.
  • This receiving device is collectively referred to as a receiving node.
  • the receiving node receives the pilot data for channel estimation, thereby demodulating data or determining channel state information.
  • the pilot scheme designed by this patent can improve the channel estimation performance of the receiving node.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system according to the present invention. The method shown in Figure 5 includes:
  • Step 501 The receiving node receives pilot data transmitted on three consecutive symbols in a time domain on the same subcarrier m, where the pilot data is sent according to the method described above.
  • Step 502 The receiving node performs channel estimation operation by using the pilot data.
  • the pilot data (or pilot data elements) of the present invention also needs to be operated by adding a phase factor, and then performing an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) operation and The polyphase filtering operation is then processed by analog-to-digital conversion and RF, and finally transmitted through the antenna.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • the patented pilot scheme can be used in other FBMC systems, or more widely, in other FBMC-OQAM systems, or in other multi-carrier systems.
  • FBMC FBMC-OQAM
  • the three symbol intervals are half the symbol length of GFDM. That is, the length of two symbols on both sides of a pilot symbol n of GFDM Each location is inserted with a pilot symbol.
  • the rest of the program is the same as FBMC-OQAM.
  • the pilot design of the invention can not only improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the joint detection of the pilot point signals, but also cancel the interference on the adjacent sub-carriers and the interference between the antennas, and can also save the physical time-frequency resources of the separated interference, thus
  • the channel estimation performance of the FBMC system or other systems with time-frequency physical resources can be well improved by using the present invention, and the pilot overhead is relatively small.
  • the invention provides a transmission device for a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system, comprising:
  • the first transmission module is configured to transmit pilot data on three consecutive symbols in the time domain on the same subcarrier m, wherein the pilot data is: X(m, n-1), X(m, n), X(m,n+1); where:
  • m is the subcarrier number
  • n is the symbol number
  • the phase of X(m,n-1) and X(m,n) is ⁇ /2
  • the phase of X(m,n+1) and X(m,n) The phase difference is ⁇ /2
  • the X(m, n-1) and X(m, n+1) phases are made to be different by ⁇
  • X(m, n-1) is equal to the modulus of X(m, n+1).
  • the modulus of X(m, n-1) and X(m, n) and the modulus of X(m, n+1) and X(m, n) are equal or unequal.
  • a group of antennas includes P antennas, where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T;
  • the physics of transmitting the pilot data elements X(mp1, n-1), X(mp1, n), X(mp1, n+1) on any of the transmit antennas p1 in the P antennas of the group The data elements on the same physical time-frequency resource on all other transmit antennas in the group corresponding to the time-frequency resource are set to: 0, 0, 0, where p1 is the number of the antenna; mp1 is the transmission on the antenna p1 The subcarrier number of the pilot data element.
  • a group of antennas includes P antennas, where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T;
  • the physics of transmitting the pilot data elements X(mp1, n-1), X(mp1, n), X(mp1, n+1) on any of the transmit antennas p1 in the P antennas of the group The data elements on the same physical time-frequency resource on all other transmit antennas in the group corresponding to the time-frequency resource are set to: Z(mp1, n-1), 0, Z(mp1, n+1), and satisfy Z.
  • (mp1, n-1) is equal to the modulus of Z(mp1, n+1) and has a phase difference of ⁇ ; wherein p1 is the certain antenna number; mp1 is the subcarrier number of the pilot data element transmitted on the antenna p1 .
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are calculated by a formula containing X(mp2, n), where p2 is the number of the antenna and p2 is not equal to p1 .
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are (mp1-1, n-1), (mp1-1,) by including the time-frequency resources on the transmitting antenna p2.
  • n), (mp1-1, n+1), (mp1+1, n-1), (mp1+1, n), (mp1+1, n+1) are calculated, where p2 is Said a certain antenna number, p2 is not equal to p1.
  • the symbol occupied by the pilot signal transmitted by any antenna in the group in the time domain is the same as the symbol occupied by the pilot signal transmitted by all other antennas in the group in the time domain, the sub-symbol
  • the pilot design of the present invention can not only improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the joint detection of the pilot point signal by the receiving node, but also cancel the interference on the adjacent sub-carriers and the interference between the antennas, and can also
  • the physical time-frequency resource for saving separation interference is common in various systems based on time-frequency physical resources, and the channel estimation performance of the FBMC system or other systems with time-frequency physical resources can be well improved by using the present invention, and
  • the pilot overhead is relatively small.
  • the invention also provides a transmission device for a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system, comprising:
  • the second transmission module is configured to: when the number of transmitting antennas of the transmitting end is T, the group of antennas includes P antennas, and among the P antennas of the group, the pilot signals are transmitted on the transmitting antenna p1, where:
  • Z(mp1, n-1) is equal to the modulus of Z(mp1, n+1) and the phase is different by ⁇ , where T is a positive integer greater than 1, and P is a positive integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to T; p1
  • the number of the antennas is mp1, the subcarrier number of the pilot data element is transmitted on the antenna p1, and n is the symbol number of the pilot signal transmitted on the antenna p1.
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are calculated by a formula containing X(mp2, n), where p2 is the number of the antenna and p2 is not equal to p1 .
  • the subcarriers of the Z (mp1, n-1) and Z (mp1, n+1) and the subcarriers transmitting the pilot element X (mp2, n) are transmitted on a certain transmit antenna p2 in the group.
  • Z(mp1, n-1) and Z(mp1, n+1) are (mp1-1, n-1), (mp1-1,) by including the time-frequency resources on the transmitting antenna p2.
  • n), (mp1-1, n+1), (mp1+1, n-1), (mp1+1, n), (mp1+1, n+1) are calculated, where p2 is Said a certain antenna number, p2 does not Equal to p1.
  • the pilot design of the present invention can not only improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the joint detection of the pilot point signal by the receiving node, but also cancel the interference on the adjacent sub-carriers and the interference between the antennas, and can also
  • the physical time-frequency resource for saving separation interference is common in various systems based on time-frequency physical resources, and the channel estimation performance of the FBMC system or other systems with time-frequency physical resources can be well improved by using the present invention, and
  • the pilot overhead is relatively small.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a device for transmitting a pilot signal in a multi-carrier system according to the present invention, where the device shown in FIG. 6 includes:
  • the receiving module 601 is configured to receive pilot data transmitted on three consecutive symbols in the time domain on the same subcarrier m, wherein the pilot data is sent according to the apparatus described above;
  • the processing module 602 is configured to perform channel estimation operations using the pilot data.
  • the pilot design of the present invention can not only improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the joint detection of the pilot point signal by the receiving node, but also cancel the interference on the adjacent sub-carriers and the interference between the antennas, and can also
  • the physical time-frequency resource for saving separation interference is common in various systems based on time-frequency physical resources, and the channel estimation performance of the FBMC system or other systems with time-frequency physical resources can be well improved by using the present invention, and
  • the pilot overhead is relatively small.
  • all or part of the steps of the above embodiments may also be implemented by using an integrated circuit. These steps may be separately fabricated into integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules thereof. Blocks or steps are made in a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
  • the devices/function modules/functional units in the above embodiments may be implemented by a general-purpose computing device, which may be centralized on a single computing device or distributed over a network of multiple computing devices.
  • each device/function module/functional unit in the above embodiment When each device/function module/functional unit in the above embodiment is implemented in the form of a software function module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the above mentioned computer readable storage medium may be a read only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk or the like.
  • the method and apparatus for transmitting pilot signals in a multi-carrier system have the following beneficial effects: not only can the signal-to-noise ratio of the joint detection of the pilot point signals be improved, but also cancel the phase Interference on adjacent subcarriers and interference between antennas, and also saves physical time-frequency resources for separating interference. It is common in various systems based on time-frequency physical resources.
  • the invention can improve the FBMC system well. Or other channel estimation performance of a system with time-frequency as a physical resource, and the pilot overhead is relatively small.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法和装置。其中一个方法包括：发射节点在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输导频数据，其中所述导频数据为：X(m,n-1)、X(m,n)、X(m,n+1)；其中：m为子载波序号，n为符号序号，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，并满足X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)相位相差π，且X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)的模相等。

Description

多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信领域，尤其涉及一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法和装置。
背景技术
长期演进技术LTE(Long Term Evolution)是4G(Fourth Generation)的无线蜂窝通信技术。LTE采用OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)技术，子载波和OFDM符号构成的时频资源组成LTE系统的无线物理时频资源。目前OFDM技术在无线通信中已经应用比较广了。由于采用了循环前缀CP(cyclic prefix)，CP-OFDM系统能很好的解决多径时延问题，并且将频率选择性信道分成了一套平行的平坦信道，这很好地简化了信道估计方法，并有较高的信道估计精度。然而，CP-OFDM系统性能对频偏比较敏感，也即对多普勒频移比较敏感，这主要是由于该系统的频谱泄漏比较大，因此容易导致子载波间干扰ICI(inter-carrier interference)。而且，CP也占用了时间资源，降低了频谱效率。
现在各大公司在开始研究无线通信5G(Fifth Generation)技术，其中BMC-OQAM(Filter Bank-based MutiCarrier–Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation,基于滤波器组的多载波偏移正交幅度调制)技术有可能在5G中采用。在子载波间隔相同的情况下，FBMC-OQAM符号长度是OFDM符号长度的一半。FBMC-OQAM在有的资料上也称为OFDM-OQAM。FBMC-OQAM使用合适的波形(pulse shaping)函数进行滤波，减少了带外泄漏，也能更好的对抗频偏和多普勒频移影响。而且，FBMC-OQAM没有要求使用CP，因此也有利于提高频谱效率。
然而，在实际的衰弱信道下，FBMC-OQAM系统的子载波间和符号间存在着内在固有的干扰，特别是相邻的子载波间和符号间干扰比较大，这会严重影响到接收端的信道估计性能，进而影响到对数据的解调。原来 CP-OFDM系统的信道估计方法没法直接用在FBMC-OQAM系统里，因此就需要对FBMC-OQAM系统的导频进行特殊设计以及相应地采用不同的信道估计方法。
最近一些文献提出了一些FBMC-OQAM系统的信道估计方法，其中一种方法是：使用空数据符号将导频符号和数据符号隔开，以减少数据符号对导频符号的干扰，进而提高信道估计性能。但它们的导频信号开销比较大，而且在多天线的情况下，就需要多个空数据符号将每根天线的导频符号隔开，这样导频信号开销就更大了，而且他们的信道估计性能也不是很好。另一种方法是：使用辅助导频的方法来抵消周围数据对导频数据的干扰，如果辅助导频个数比较少的话，为了抵消干扰，则辅助导频的功率就会比较大，影响信号的峰均比；如果辅助导频个数比较多的话，就会导致导频开销比较大，而且他们的信道估计性能也不是很好。因此在FBMC-OQAM系统里提出一个好的导频信号设计方法以及相应的信道估计方法是当前技术需要解决的一个重要问题。在其他FBMC系统里，比如GFDM(Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing，广义频分复用)，也需要解决导频信号设计及相应的信道估计方法的问题。因此我们希望能提出一种好的导频信号设计方法，尽可能适合在。
发明内容
本发明提供的多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法和装置，要解决的技术问题是FBMC的导频信号开销大的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法，所述方法包括：
发射节点在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输导频数据，其中所述导频数据为：X(m,n-1)、X(m,n)、X(m,n+1)；其中：
m为子载波序号，n为符号序号，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，并满足X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)相位相差π，且X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)的模相等。
其中，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的模以及X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的模相等或者不相等。
其中，X(m,n)为纯虚数。
其中，所述子载波m为在频域上等间隔的子载波系列，其中，所述m＝A*k+a，其中A为正整数；a为非负整数，且a小于A；k为整数序列。
其中，当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：0、0、0，其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
其中，当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)，并满足Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π；其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为 (mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，所述组内任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，其中mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
其中，当发射端发射天线数为P*Q时，发射天线有Q组，每组P根天线；在每组天线中，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，P和Q为正整数，P大于1，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为一定长度的整数序列。
其中，不同组的天线使用不完全相同的三个连续符号。
一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法，所述方法包括：
当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，在所述组的P根天线中，在发射天线p1上传输导频信号，其中：
传输所述导频信号的物理时频资源(mp1,n)对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同子载波的与所述物理时频资源符号位置为中心的连续三个符号上的数据元素为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)；
其中，Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号，n为天线p1上传输所述某导频信号的符号序号。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和 Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，所述组内P根天线里，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法，所述方法包括：
接收节点接收在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输的导频数据，其中所述导频数据是按照如权利要求1至11任一所述的方法发送的，或者，是按照如权利12至15任一所述的方法发送的；
所述接收节点利用所述导频数据进行信道估计操作。
一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置，所述装置包括：
第一传输模块，设置为在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输导频数据，其中所述导频数据为：X(m,n-1)、X(m,n)、X(m,n+1)；其中：
m为子载波序号，n为符号序号，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，并满足X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)相位相差π，且X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)的模相等。
其中，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的模以及X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的模相等或者不相等。
其中，X(m,n)为纯虚数。
其中，所述子载波m为在频域上等间隔的子载波系列，其中，所述m＝A*k+a，其中A为正整数；a为非负整数，且a小于A；k为整数序列。
其中，当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：0、0、0，其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
其中，当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)，并满足Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π；其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不 等于p1。
其中，所述组内任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，其中mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
其中，当发射端发射天线数为P*Q时，发射天线有Q组，每组P根天线；在每组天线中，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，P和Q为正整数，P大于1，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为一定长度的整数序列。
其中，不同组的天线使用不完全相同的三个连续符号。
一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置，所述装置包括：
第二传输模块，设置为当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，在所述组的P根天线中，在发射天线p1上传输导频信号，其中：
传输所述导频信号的物理时频资源(mp1,n)对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同子载波的与所述物理时频资源符号位置为中心的连续三个符号上的数据元素为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)；
其中，Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号，n为天线p1上传输所述某导频信号的符号序号。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则 Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，所述组内P根天线里，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置，所述装置包括：
接收模块，设置为接收在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输的导频数据，其中所述导频数据是按照上述任一所述装置发送的；
处理模块，设置为利用所述导频数据进行信道估计操作。
本发明另一实施例提供了一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质存储有执行指令，所述执行指令用于执行上述实施例中的方法。
本发明提供的实施例，本发明的导频设计不但可以提高接收节点对导频点信号联合检测的信噪比，而且可以抵消相邻子载波上的干扰和各天线间的干扰，而且还可以节省分离干扰的物理时频资源，在以时频物理资源为基础的多种系统中通用，使用本发明可以很好地提高FBMC系统或其他以时频为物理资源的系统的信道估计性能，并且导频开销相对比较小。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的在FBMC-OQAM系统时频物理资源上导频信号 在频域上连续分布示意图；
图2为本发明提供的在FBMC-OQAM系统时频物理资源上，导频信号在频域上间隔分布示意图；
图3为本发明提供的在FBMC-OQAM系统时频物理资源上，2根发射天线的导频信号分布示意图；
图4为本发明提供的在FBMC-OQAM系统时频物理资源上，2根发射天线的导频信号分布示意图；
图5为本发明提供的一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法的流程图；
图6为本发明提供的一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置的结构图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
正如背景技术提到的，与OFDM系统相比，FBMC-OQAM系统信道估计有一定的误差，因此导频信号的传输非常重要。导频信号有时也称为参考信号，有时也称为已知信号。
与OFDM系统一样，FBMC-OQAM系统的物理资源也是由频域上的子载波和时域上的符号组成。在OFDM系统中，假设子载波间隔为Fo，有效符号长度为To，并且有To＝1/Fo。然而在FBMC-OQAM系统中，假设子载波间隔为F，符号间隔为T，并且有2T＝1/F。因此当OFDM系统与FBMC-OQAM系统的子载波间隔相同时，FBMC-OQAM系统的符号间隔等于半个OFDM系统的有效符号长度。
既然FBMC-OQAM系统的物理资源在频域上也是由多个子载波组成，因此FBMC-OQAM系统也是一种多载波系统。本发明指的多载波系统包括但不限于所述系统的物理资源在频域上是由多个子载波组成的或者所述系统的物理资源在频域上是由多个载波组成的。多载波系统的发射端包 括：基站、终端、中继(relay)、发射点(transmitting point)等等各种发射设备，本专利将这些发射设备统称为发射节点。
为了克服现有技术中存在的FBMC-OQAM的导频信号开销比较大，而且信道估计性能也不好的问题和缺陷，提供一种FBMC-OQAM的导频信号方法。本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法，包括：
在子载波m上的时域连续的三个符号上传输导频数据元素，其中所述导频数据元素为：X(m,n-1)、X(m,n)和X(m,n+1)，其中m为子载波序号，n为符号序号，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2(即X(m,n-1)比X(m,n)的相位大π/2或者小-π/2)，X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2(即X(m,n+1)比X(m,n)的相位大π/2或者小-π/2)，并满足X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)相位相差π，且X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)的模相等。
其中，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的模以及X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的模相等或者不相等。
所述导频数据元素可以为复数、实数或纯虚数。其中X(m)为实数或纯虚数。优选地，X(m,n)为纯虚数。
在导频信号位置(m,n)的前一个符号和后一个符号也设置导频信号的好处是可以隔离(m,n-1)之前符号和(m,n+1)之后的符号数据对导频信号的干扰；X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2的好处是可以同向增加导频信号联合解调的信噪比；同理，X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2的好处是可以同向增加导频信号联合解调的信噪比；X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)相位相差π且模相等的好处是，两边导频信号可以同向增加同一子载波上中间符号导频点信号联合检测的信噪比，而且两边导频信号对于相邻子载波上中间符号导频信号的干扰可以相互抵消。当X(m,n)优选为纯虚数时，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)就为实数，这样可以避免导频信号对周围数据信号造成干扰。本发明相当于三个导频符号旁边没有使用额外的空符号来分离数据对导频的干扰，因此本发明可以节省分离干扰的资源，从而节省了导频开销。而 且由于导频信号联合解调和干扰的抵消，因此可以提高接收端的信道估计性能。虽然本发明使用了3个符号，但是FBMC-OQAM系统的符号间隔等于半个OFDM系统的有效符号长度。因此3个符号的开销并不大。
这3个时域上连续的导频信号可以离散地分布在FBMC-OQAM系统的时频资源块里，也可以在某些固定的连续3个符号上分布。
对于在某些固定的连续3个符号上分布的情况，所述导频信号在频域上可以连续分布也可以间隔分布。
可选地，所述子载波m为在频域上等间隔的子载波系列。即，所述m＝A*k+a，其中A为一个正整数；a为一个非负整数，且a小于A；k为一定长度的整数序列。
图1为本发明提供的在FBMC-OQAM系统时频物理资源上导频信号在频域上连续分布示意图。图1所示示意图中，横坐标为时间，每一格长度为每个FBMC-OQAM符号长度或间隔；纵坐标为频率，每一格长度为每个子载波宽度或间隔。在时域上，从左到右，前三个符号为导频符号，假定这3个符号的编号为：符号1、符号2、符号3。在频域上，从下往上，假定子载波n编号依次为：0、1、2......N，假定传输导频信号的子载波m编号依次为：0、1、2......M，M<＝N，也就是说，传输导频信号的子载波序列可以占用整个传输带宽，也可以占用部分传输带宽。图1中，是M＝11的例子。如果使用公式m＝A*k+a来表示的话，那公式中A＝1，a＝0，k＝0、1、......11。因此图1中阴线部分的时频资源传输的导频信号为：X(m,1)、X(m,2)、X(m,3)，其中，m为子载波序号，m＝0、1、2、......、11。图1中非阴线部分的时频资源传输其他数据。表1为图1中传输的导频信号的信号列表。表1中列举了同一载波上连续3个符号上导频数据，并列举了不同载波上连续3个符号上导频数据。具体如表1所示：
子载波 符 符 符
11 -1 j 1
10 -1 j 1
9 1 -j -1
8 1 -j -1
7 -1 j 1
6 -1 j 1
5 1 -j -1
4 1 -j -1
3 -1 j 1
2 -1 j 1
1 1 -j -1
0 1 -j -1
表1
在表1中，X(m,2)＝j或者-j，是个纯虚数，X(m,1)＝1或者-1，X(m,3)＝-1或者1，m＝0、1、......、11。可以看出，X(m,1)与X(m,2)的相位相差π/2，X(m,3)与X(m,2)的相位相差π/2。X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的模以及X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的模相等。
图2为本发明提供的在FBMC-OQAM系统时频物理资源上，导频信号在频域上间隔分布示意图。图2所示示意图中，在时域上，从左到右，前三个符号为导频符号，其中这3个符号的编号为：符号1、符号2、符号3。在频域上，从下往上，假定子载波n编号依次为：0、1、2......N，传输导频信号的子载波m编号依次为：0、2、4......M，M<＝N。图2中，是M＝12的例子。如果使用公式m＝A*k+a来表示的话，那公式中A＝2，a＝0，k＝0、1、......6。因此图2中阴线部分的时频资源传输的导频信号为： X(m,1)、X(m,2)、X(m,3)，其中，m为子载波序号，m＝0、2、......、12。图2中非阴线部分的时频资源传输其他数据。表1为图1中传输的导频信号的信号列表。表1中列举了同一载波上连续3个符号上导频数据，并列举了不同载波上连续3个符号上导频数据。具体如表2所示：
子载波 符 符 符
12 1 -j -1
11      
10 -1 j 1
9      
8 1 -j -1
7      
6 -1 j 1
5      
4 1 -j -1
3      
2 -1 j 1
1      
0 1 -j -1
表2
在表2中，X(m,2)＝j或者-j，是个纯虚数，X(m,1)＝1或者-1，X(m,3)＝-1或者1，m＝0、2、4、......、12。可以看出，X(m,1)与X(m,2)的相位相差π/2，X(m,3)与X(m,2)的相位相差π/2。在这个例子里，X(m,n-1)和X(m,n+1)分别与X(m,n)之间的模相等。
以上设计的导频信号方法可以用在1根发射天线上，也可以用在多根发射天线上(即每根天线都采用这种导频信号设计方式)。
对于多根发射天线的情况，我们还可以进一步采用如下优选方案。
假设发射端发射天线数(或者天线端口数)(为了方便，本专利将发射天线数和天线端口数统一称为发射天线数)为T，T为大于1的正整数，则存在一组天线，该组包含有P根天线，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数。在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：0、0、0。其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。所述数据元素为0表示该时频资源上不发射数据，或者说该时频资源上没有信号功率。在其他天线上对应的资源上将数据元素设为0的好处是可以减少其他天线对所述天线p1上导频信号的干扰。
或者，更优选地，在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)，并满足Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π。其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。所述数据元素为0表示该时频资源上不发射数据，或者说该时频资源上没有信号功率。由于是接收端已知数据，因此，所述数据元素0也可以称为是一种导频数据元素。当所述数据元素：Z(mp1,n-1)或Z(mp1,n+1)为接收端已知数据时，也可以称为是一种导频数据元素。
在其他天线上对应的资源上将数据元素设为Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)的好处是：(1)可以减少其他天线对所述天线p1上导频信号的干扰；(2)还可以抵消其他天线周围资源上的数据对所述天线p1上导频信号的干扰。Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π的好处是， 不但可以抵消其他天线对所述天线p1上导频信号的干扰，还可以抵消其他天线对自身天线上导频信号的干扰。从而可以提高接收端的信道估计性能，而且还不需要额外的资源来分离干扰，从而也减少了导频开销。
可选地，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得出。其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
可选地，Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得出的一个例子为：
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000001
其中
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000006
其中，“*”为共轭运算，gmp1,n为物理时频资源(mp1,n)上的滤波函数，gmp1,n-1为物理时频资源(mp1,n-1)上的滤波函数，gmp1,n+1为物理时频资源(mp1,n+1)上的滤波函数，gmp2,n为物理时频资源(mp2,n)上的滤波函数，gmp2,n-1为物理时频资源(mp2,n-1)上的滤波函数，gmp2,n+1为物理时频资 源(mp2,n+1)上的滤波函数。δ为其他数据的干扰。
从上面的例子公式里可以看到：
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000007
这是根据本发明提供的导频信号的导频特点得出来的。
可选地，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波上下相邻的两个子载波都分别包含有导频元素X(mp1-1,n)和X(mp1+1,n)时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp1-1,n)和X(mp1+1,n)的公式计算得出。一个具体的例子为：
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000008
从上面的例子公式里可以看到：
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000009
这是根据本发明提供的导频信道的导频特点得出来的。在这个例子里，Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)可以通过导频元素X(mp1-1,n)和X(mp1+1,n)计算出来，因此可以是接收端已知的数据。
可选地，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得出。其中p2为某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
可选地，Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、 (mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得出的一个例子为：
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000010
其中，D(mp1-1,n-1)、D(mp1-1,n)、D(mp1-1,n+1)、D(mp1+1,n-1)、D(mp1+1,n)、D(mp1+1,n+1)分别为相应时频资源上的数据
可选地，所述组内任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为一定长度的整数序列。
可选地，假设发射端发射天线数(或者天线端口数)为P*Q，其中，P和Q为正整数，P大于1。这样可以看做发射天线有Q组，每组P根天线。每组里，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为一定长度的整数序列。
可选地，不同组的天线使用不完全相同的三个连续符号。
对于多天线发射节点，本发明适合于在相同的三个符号上包含有多根天线的导频信号，相比与现有技术减少了导频开销。
另外，在发射节点为多天线的场景下，从单独采取抵消各天线间对各天线上导频信号的干扰的角度出发，采用以下技术方案：
一种多载波系统的多天线发射节点的导频信号的传输方法，包括：
当发射端发射天线数(或者天线端口数)为T时，存在一组天线，该组包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于 T的正整数。在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上某个传输导频信号的物理时频资源(mp1,n)对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同子载波的与所述物理时频资源符号位置为中心的连续三个符号上的数据元素设为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)，并满足Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π。其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。n为天线p1上传输所述某导频信号的符号序号。正如前面讲述的，在其他天线上对应的资源上将数据元素设为Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)的好处是：(1)可以减少其他天线对所述天线p1上导频信号的干扰；(2)还可以抵消其他天线周围资源上的数据对所述天线p1上导频信号的干扰。Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π的好处是，不但可以抵消其他天线对所述天线p1上导频信号的干扰，还可以抵消其他天线对自身天线上导频信号的干扰。从而可以提高接收端的信道估计性能。
可选地，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得出。其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
可选地，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得出。其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
可选地，所述组内P根天线里，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为一定长度的整数 序列。
下面我们以2根发射天线为具体实施例进行示例说明，即假设发射端发射天线数(或者天线端口数)为T＝2，所述组包含有这2(P＝2)根天线。我们的优选方案设计为：天线1上传输的承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m1与天线2上传输的承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m2在频域上间隔连续分布，即，m1＝2*k+a，m2＝2*k+a+1，其中a＝0或1，k为一定长度的整数序列。
可选地，我们可以设计为：天线1上传输承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m1对应天线2上相同子载波的相同三个符号上传输的数据元素为：0、0、0。天线2上传输承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m2对应天线1上相同子载波的相同三个符号上传输的数据元素为：0、0、0。
图3是在FBMC-OQAM系统时频物理资源上，2根发射天线导频信号分布场景的一个例子。图3(a)和(b)中，在时域上，从左到右，前三个符号为导频符号，假定这3个符号的编号为：符号1、符号2、符号3。在频域上，从下往上，假定子载波n编号依次为：0、1、2......N。图3(a)中，天线1上传输承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m1系列为：0、2、......、12，即图中的阴影部分；图3(b)中，天线2上传输承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m2系列为：1、3、......、13，即图中的阴影部分；图3(a)和(b)都可以使用表2中示例的导频数据元素，也可以使用其他导频数据元素。图3(a)中，天线1上的对应天线2上传输承载所述导频信号的相同的物理时频资源的信号数据为：0、0、0，即天线1上的子载波m2(即1、3、......、13)系列上的与天线2上传输所述导频信号相同的三个符号上传输的信号数据为：0、0、0。图3(b)中，天线2上的对应天线1上传输承载所述导频信号的相同的物理时频资源的信号数据为：0、0、0，即天线2上的子载波m1(即0、2、......、12)系列上的与天线1上传输所述导频信号相同的三个符号上传输的信号数据为：0、0、0。图中非阴影 空白部分传输其他数据。
可选地，我们可以优选地设计为：天线1上传输承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m1对应天线2上相同子载波的相同三个符号上传输的信号数据为：Z(m1,n-1)、0、Z(m1,n+1)。天线2上传输承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m2对应天线1上相同子载波的相同三个符号上传输的信号数据为：Z(m2,n-1)、0、Z(m2,n+1)。
图4也是在FBMC-OQAM系统时频物理资源上，2根发射天线导频信号分布场景的一个例子。图4(a)和(b)中，在时域上，从左到右，前三个符号为导频符号，假定这3个符号的编号为：符号1、符号2、符号3。在频域上，从下往上，假定子载波n编号依次为：0、1、2......N。图4(a)中，天线1上传输承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m1系列为：0、2、......、12，图4(b)中，天线2上传输承载所述导频信号的所述子载波m2系列为：1、3、......、13，即分别为图中的阴影部分。图2(a)和(b)都可以使用表2中示例的导频数据元素，也可以使用其他导频数据元素。图4(a)中，天线1上的对应天线2上传输承载所述导频信号的相同的物理时频资源的信号数据为：Z(m2,1)、0、Z(m2,3)，即天线1上的子载波m2(即1、3、......、13)系列上的与天线2上传输所述导频信号相同的三个符号上传输的信号数据为：Z(m2,1)、0、Z(m2,3)。根据本发明的方案设计，Z(m2,1)＝-Z(m2,3)，因此图4(a)中，使用了Zm2和-Zm2代替Z(m2,1)和Z(m2,3)。图4(b)中，天线2上的对应天线1上传输承载所述导频信号的相同的物理时频资源的信号数据为：Z(m1,1)、0、Z(m1,3)，即天线2上的子载波m1(即0、2、......、12)系列上的与天线1上传输所述导频信号相同的三个符号上传输的信号数据为：Z(m1,1)、0、Z(m1,3)。图4(b)中，使用了Zm1和-Zm1代替Z(m1,1)和Z(m1,3)。图中非阴影空白部分传输其他数据。
图4例子中，所述天线1上的Zm2通过包含有X(m2-1,2)和X(m2+1,2)的公式计算得出，所述天线2上的Zm1通过包含有X(m1-1,2)和X(m1+1,2)的公式计算得出。也就是说，图4(a)中，符号1资源上的Z1、Z3、......、 Z13分别通过导频资源上的X(0,2)和X(2,2)、X(2,2)和X(4,2)、......、X(12,2)计算得出；图4(b)中，符号2资源上的Z0、Z2、......、Z12分别通过导频资源上的X(1,2)、X(1,2)和X(3,2)、......、X(11,2)和X(13,2)计算得出。一个具体的计算Z1公式例子如下：
Figure PCTCN2016104584-appb-000011
接收端包括基站、终端、中继(relay)等等各种接收设备，本专利将这些接收设备统称为接收节点。接收节点接收所述导频数据用于信道估计，进而解调数据或确定信道状态信息。与现有技术相比，本专利设计的导频方案可以使接收节点提高信道估计性能。
图5为本发明提供的一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法的流程图。图5所示方法包括：
步骤501、接收节点接收在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输的导频数据，其中所述导频数据是按照上文所述的方法发送的；
步骤502、所述接收节点利用所述导频数据进行信道估计操作。
在FBMC-OQAM系统的发射端，本发明所述的导频数据(或导频数据元素)还需要经过添加相位因子操作，再进行IFFT(Inverse Fast Fourier Transform，快速傅里叶逆变换)操作和多相滤波操作，然后经过模数转换和射频端的处理，最后通过天线发射出去。
专利设计的导频方案除了可以使用在FBMC-OQAM系统中，还可以使用在其他FBMC系统里，或者更广泛一点，还可以使用在其他多载波系统里。在其他FBMC系统里，比如GFDM(Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing，的广义频分复用系统)，也需要解决导频信号设计。由于GFDM系统的符号长度一般是FBMC-OQAM符号长度的2倍，因此所述传输导频信号为：X(m,n-1)、X(m,n)、X(m,n+1)的三个符号间隔为GFDM的半个符号长度。也即在GFDM的一个导频符号n的两边半个符号长度 的位置各插入一个导频符号。该方案的其他内容与FBMC-OQAM的相同。
本发明的导频设计不但可以提高导频点信号联合检测的信噪比，而且可以抵消相邻子载波上的干扰和各天线间的干扰，而且还可以节省分离干扰的物理时频资源，因而，使用本发明可以很好地提高FBMC系统或其他以时频为物理资源的系统的信道估计性能，并且导频开销相对比较小。
本发明提供一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置，包括：
第一传输模块，设置为在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输导频数据，其中所述导频数据为：X(m,n-1)、X(m,n)、X(m,n+1)；其中：
m为子载波序号，n为符号序号，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，并满足X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)相位相差π，且X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)的模相等。
其中，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的模以及X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的模相等或者不相等。
其中，X(m,n)为纯虚数。
其中，所述子载波m为在频域上等间隔的子载波系列，其中，所述m＝A*k+a，其中A为正整数；a为非负整数，且a小于A；k为整数序列。
其中，当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：0、0、0，其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
其中，当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)，并满足Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π；其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，所述组内任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，其中mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
其中，当发射端发射天线数为P*Q时，发射天线有Q组，每组P根天线；在每组天线中，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，P和Q为正整数，P大于1，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为一 定长度的整数序列。
其中，不同组的天线使用不完全相同的三个连续符号。
本发明提供的实施例，本发明的导频设计不但可以提高接收节点对导频点信号联合检测的信噪比，而且可以抵消相邻子载波上的干扰和各天线间的干扰，而且还可以节省分离干扰的物理时频资源，在以时频物理资源为基础的多种系统中通用，使用本发明可以很好地提高FBMC系统或其他以时频为物理资源的系统的信道估计性能，并且导频开销相对比较小。
本发明还提供一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置，包括：
第二传输模块，设置为当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，在所述组的P根天线中，在发射天线p1上传输导频信号，其中：
传输所述导频信号的物理时频资源(mp1,n)对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同子载波的与所述物理时频资源符号位置为中心的连续三个符号上的数据元素为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)；
其中，Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号，n为天线p1上传输所述某导频信号的符号序号。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不 等于p1。
其中，所述组内P根天线里，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
本发明提供的实施例，本发明的导频设计不但可以提高接收节点对导频点信号联合检测的信噪比，而且可以抵消相邻子载波上的干扰和各天线间的干扰，而且还可以节省分离干扰的物理时频资源，在以时频物理资源为基础的多种系统中通用，使用本发明可以很好地提高FBMC系统或其他以时频为物理资源的系统的信道估计性能，并且导频开销相对比较小。
图6为本发明提供的一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置的结构图，图6所示装置包括：
接收模块601，设置为接收在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输的导频数据，其中所述导频数据是按照上文所述的装置发送的；
处理模块602，设置为利用所述导频数据进行信道估计操作。
本发明提供的实施例，本发明的导频设计不但可以提高接收节点对导频点信号联合检测的信噪比，而且可以抵消相邻子载波上的干扰和各天线间的干扰，而且还可以节省分离干扰的物理时频资源，在以时频物理资源为基础的多种系统中通用，使用本发明可以很好地提高FBMC系统或其他以时频为物理资源的系统的信道估计性能，并且导频开销相对比较小。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以使用计算机程序流程来实现，所述计算机程序可以存储于一计算机可读存储介质中，所述计算机程序在相应的硬件平台上(如系统、设备、装置、器件等)执行，在执行时，包括方法实施例的步骤之一或其组合。
可选地，上述实施例的全部或部分步骤也可以使用集成电路来实现，这些步骤可以被分别制作成一个个集成电路模块，或者将它们中的多个模 块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样，本发明不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
上述实施例中的各装置/功能模块/功能单元可以采用通用的计算装置来实现，它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上，也可以分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上。
上述实施例中的各装置/功能模块/功能单元以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。上述提到的计算机可读取存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求所述的保护范围为准。
工业实用性
如上所述，本发明实施例提供的一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法和装置具有以下有益效果：不但可以提高接收节点对导频点信号联合检测的信噪比，而且可以抵消相邻子载波上的干扰和各天线间的干扰，而且还可以节省分离干扰的物理时频资源，在以时频物理资源为基础的多种系统中通用，使用本发明可以很好地提高FBMC系统或其他以时频为物理资源的系统的信道估计性能，并且导频开销相对比较小。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法，所述方法包括：
    发射节点在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输导频数据，其中所述导频数据为：X(m,n-1)、X(m,n)、X(m,n+1)；其中：
    m为子载波序号，n为符号序号，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，并满足X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)相位相差π，且X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)的模相等。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的模以及X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的模相等或者不相等。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，X(m,n)为纯虚数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述子载波m为在频域上等间隔的子载波系列，其中，所述m＝A*k+a，其中A为正整数；a为非负整数，且a小于A；k为整数序列。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中：
    当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
    在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：0、0、0，其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中：
    当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
    在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为： Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)，并满足Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π；其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的方法啊，其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述组内任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，其中mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中：
    当发射端发射天线数为P*Q时，发射天线有Q组，每组P根天线；在每组天线中，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，P和Q为正整数，P大于1，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不 同，k为一定长度的整数序列。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中，不同组的天线使用不完全相同的三个连续符号。
  12. 一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法，所述方法包括：
    当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，在所述组的P根天线中，在发射天线p1上传输导频信号，其中：
    传输所述导频信号的物理时频资源(mp1,n)对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同子载波的与所述物理时频资源符号位置为中心的连续三个符号上的数据元素为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)；
    其中，Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号，n为天线p1上传输所述某导频信号的符号序号。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中，所述组内P根天线里，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp 在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
  16. 一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输方法，所述方法包括：
    接收节点接收在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输的导频数据，其中所述导频数据是按照如权利要求1至11任一所述的方法发送的，或者，是按照如权利12至15任一所述的方法发送的；
    所述接收节点利用所述导频数据进行信道估计操作。
  17. 一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置，所述装置包括：
    第一传输模块，设置为在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输导频数据，其中所述导频数据为：X(m,n-1)、X(m,n)、X(m,n+1)；其中：
    m为子载波序号，n为符号序号，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的相位相差π/2，并满足X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)相位相差π，且X(m,n-1)与X(m,n+1)的模相等。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其中，X(m,n-1)与X(m,n)的模以及X(m,n+1)与X(m,n)的模相等或者不相等。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其中，X(m,n)为纯虚数。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其中，所述子载波m为在频域上等间隔的子载波系列，其中，所述m＝A*k+a，其中A为正整数；a为非负整数，且a小于A；k为整数序列。
  21. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其中：
    当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
    在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所 述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：0、0、0，其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
  22. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其中：
    当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；
    在所述组的P根天线里，任意某根发射天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素X(mp1,n-1)、X(mp1,n)、X(mp1,n+1)的物理时频资源对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同的物理时频资源上的数据元素设为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)，并满足Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π；其中p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的装置啊，其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
  25. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其中，所述组内任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，其中mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大 于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其中：
    当发射端发射天线数为P*Q时，发射天线有Q组，每组P根天线；在每组天线中，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，P和Q为正整数，P大于1，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为一定长度的整数序列。
  27. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其中，不同组的天线使用不完全相同的三个连续符号。
  28. 一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置，所述装置包括：
    第二传输模块，设置为当发射端发射天线数为T时，一组天线包含有P根天线，在所述组的P根天线中，在发射天线p1上传输导频信号，其中：
    传输所述导频信号的物理时频资源(mp1,n)对应的所述组内其他所有发射天线上相同子载波的与所述物理时频资源符号位置为中心的连续三个符号上的数据元素为：Z(mp1,n-1)、0、Z(mp1,n+1)；
    其中，Z(mp1,n-1)与Z(mp1,n+1)的模相等且相位相差π，其中，T为大于1的正整数，P为大于1且小于等于T的正整数；p1为所述某根天线序号；mp1为天线p1上传输所述导频数据元素的子载波序号，n为天线p1上传输所述某导频信号的符号序号。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有X(mp2,n)的公式计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于 p1。
  30. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其中，当所述组内某根发射天线p2上发送所述Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)的子载波与发送导频元素X(mp2,n)的子载波不相邻时，则Z(mp1,n-1)和Z(mp1,n+1)通过包含有发射天线p2上的时频资源为(mp1-1,n-1)、(mp1-1,n)、(mp1-1,n+1)、(mp1+1,n-1)、(mp1+1,n)、(mp1+1,n+1)上的数据计算得到，其中p2为所述某根天线序号，p2不等于p1。
  31. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其中，所述组内P根天线里，任一天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号与所述组内其他所有天线传输的所述导频信号在时域上占用的符号相同，所述子载波mp在频域上相互间隔分布，即mp＝A*k+ap，其中，p为每组里天线序号，A为大于等于P的正整数，ap为第p根天线对应的小于A的非负整数，不同天线的ap值不同，k为整数序列。
  32. 一种多载波系统中导频信号的传输装置，所述装置包括：
    接收模块，设置为接收在同一子载波m上时域连续的三个符号上传输的导频数据，其中所述导频数据是按照如权利要求17至27任一所述的装置发送的，或者，是按照如权利28至31任一所述的装置发送的；
    处理模块，设置为利用所述导频数据进行信道估计操作。
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