WO2017071388A1 - 一种单喷头多材料多尺度3d打印装置及其工作方法 - Google Patents

一种单喷头多材料多尺度3d打印装置及其工作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017071388A1
WO2017071388A1 PCT/CN2016/096337 CN2016096337W WO2017071388A1 WO 2017071388 A1 WO2017071388 A1 WO 2017071388A1 CN 2016096337 W CN2016096337 W CN 2016096337W WO 2017071388 A1 WO2017071388 A1 WO 2017071388A1
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
printing
substrate
scale
materials
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PCT/CN2016/096337
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English (en)
French (fr)
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兰洪波
李涤尘
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青岛理工大学
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Priority to US15/516,301 priority Critical patent/US10603839B2/en
Publication of WO2017071388A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017071388A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/43—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using driven stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/05—Stirrers
    • B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
    • B01F27/114—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections
    • B01F27/1143—Helically shaped stirrers, i.e. stirrers comprising a helically shaped band or helically shaped band sections screw-shaped, e.g. worms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/92—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws
    • B01F27/923—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws the material flowing continuously through the receptacle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B22F12/17—Auxiliary heating means to heat the build chamber or platform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/58—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads for changing the material composition, e.g. by mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B29C64/291—Arrangements for irradiation for operating globally, e.g. together with selectively applied activators or inhibitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/35—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/35—Mixing inks or toners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B22F12/33—Platforms or substrates translatory in the deposition plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and in particular relates to a single-nozzle multi-material multi-scale 3D printing device and a working method thereof.
  • New materials include, metamaterials, functionally graded materials, porous lightweight materials, smart materials, non-homogeneous materials, etc.), tissue engineering, biomedical, MEMS, 4D printing, electronics, flexible electronics (wearable electronics, etc.) ), aerospace, automotive and many other fields have huge demand for multi-material, macro/micro/nano-scale structure integrated manufacturing.
  • 3D printers should have the ability to seamlessly transition from soft materials to hard materials with different conductivity, Ink-free inks are printed out of the circuit and can be precisely switched between various ink-printed materials, and all of these tasks are performed without interruption.
  • Multi-material, multi-scale 3D printing This ability to integrate different materials and properties in a printed product requires printing Multi-material, multi-scale 3D printing.
  • functionally driven materials, structures, functional components integrated design and manufacturing, 3D printing control, control technology implementation also requires strong support of multi-material, multi-scale additive manufacturing technology and equipment.
  • multi-material forming nozzles are generally installed in parallel at the same height by a plurality of nozzles. Each nozzle can process one material. Generally, only one nozzle is working during printing, and other nozzles at the same height in standby mode may exist for construction. The interference of the forming surface of the tissue. Therefore, the existing 3D printing technology is difficult to realize integrated manufacturing of multi-material and multi-scale structures.
  • EHD micro-scale 3D printing electro-jet printing
  • electro hydrodynamic jet printing E-jet
  • E-jet electro hydrodynamic jet printing
  • EHD micro-droplet jet forming deposition technology is different from traditional printing technology (thermal printing, piezoelectric printing, etc.) by adopting the "push” method.
  • EHD printing uses electric field driving to "pull" from The tip of the liquid cone (Taylor cone) produces a very fine jet.
  • EFI uses a cone-jet mode on-demand printing mode, it can produce very uniform droplets and form a high-precision pattern; the print resolution is not limited by the nozzle diameter, and can realize sub-micron without the nozzle being easily blocked.
  • the range of materials that can be used for electrojet printing ranges from insulating polymers to conductive polymers, from suspensions to single-walled carbon nanotube solutions, from metallic materials to inorganic functional materials to biomaterials.
  • the existing multi-material electro-jet printing is mainly based on the multi-nozzle scheme, and there are shortcomings and limitations faced by the existing multi-nozzle scheme.
  • the present invention provides a single-nozzle multi-material multi-scale 3D printing device and a working method thereof.
  • the device realizes integrated manufacturing of multi-material and multi-scale structures, and improves the ability of 3D printing to control and control.
  • a single-nozzle multi-material multi-scale 3D printing device comprising a spray head for mixing a single material or a plurality of materials for spray printing, the spray head comprising a feed chamber and a mixing chamber disposed at a lower end of the feed chamber And a nozzle disposed at a lower end of the mixing chamber, a plurality of feed ports are disposed on the side wall of the feed chamber, and a mixing agitator for stirring a plurality of materials is disposed in the mixing chamber.
  • the mixing chamber is provided with a waste liquid collector for discharging the material to the nozzle, the waste liquid collector is a waste liquid collecting pipeline, and an integrated pump is built therein, and one end of the waste liquid collecting pipeline is disposed in the mixing chamber. Internal, the other end is connected to the outside world.
  • the waste liquid collector is used for recovering the residual material in the spray head by vacuum negative pressure.
  • the waste liquid collector is turned on, and the residual printing material in the spray head is recovered into the waste liquid collector, and the vacuum pressure in the waste liquid collector is used. -500 mbar.
  • the nozzle is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet is connected with the pressure pipeline. Gas is introduced into the air inlet to help eject the material in the nozzle.
  • the working range of the pressure line is: 0.1-1 bar; the working range of the vacuum line is ⁇ -0.2 bar. Provides a stable and precisely adjustable pneumatic pressure to drive the fluid throughout the printing system.
  • the mixing agitator comprises a motor, a spiral blade and an end cover, the end cover is closed at an upper end of the feeding chamber, the motor is mounted at a lower end of the end cover, and the spiral blade is installed in a mixing chamber at a lower end of the motor. It is connected to the motor via the drive shaft.
  • the mixing agitator provided in the middle mixing chamber is used to fully agitate the printing materials from different feed ports and mix them evenly.
  • the nozzle is a conductive nozzle
  • the conductive nozzle is a metal nozzle or coated with a conductive material
  • the inner diameter of the nozzle is 0.5-100 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive nozzle can realize electro-printing by using high-voltage electric field.
  • the electro-printing has the following advantages: the printing droplet diameter is small, and the sub-micron and nano-scale printing resolution can be realized, and the microstructure of the object can be printed, thereby realizing Printed macro/micro multi-scale structures; a wide range of printed materials. Insulating or conductive liquids, organic and inorganic materials, various solutions or suspensions can be used for printing; nozzles are not easily blocked.
  • Electro-printing is the use of a strong electric field force to pull the fluid out of the nozzle, which can overcome the problem of nozzle clogging because the viscosity of the fluid is too high; high precision. Since the distance between the nozzle and the receiving substrate is small, the positioning error due to air disturbance or the like can be reduced, the precision is high, and the controllability is good; in addition, the electro-printing is very suitable for complicated and high-precision printing.
  • the number of the feed ports is not less than two, and each feed port is connected to the micro syringe pump.
  • the number of feed ports is multiple, and it can be connected with a micro-injection pump of various materials to realize multi-material 3D printing.
  • the single-nozzle multi-material multi-scale 3D printing device further includes a base, a work table, a carrier table, a substrate, a power source, the above-mentioned nozzle and a bracket, the base is installed at the bottom, and the bracket and the workbench are mounted on the base Above, the nozzle is mounted on the bracket; the carrier is fixed on the workbench, and the substrate is fixed above the carrier; the positive and negative poles of the power supply are respectively connected with the nozzle and the bearing plate of the nozzle; through the working table and the bracket
  • the relative motion between the two causes the relative motion between the showerhead and the substrate in the x-, y-, and z-directions.
  • the three-dimensional relative motion between the nozzle and the substrate is suitable for accurately printing a three-dimensional object and realizing multi-axial printing of the object.
  • the workbench is an xy workbench
  • the support is a z-direction workbench
  • the spray head is mounted on the z-direction workbench
  • the substrate is fixed on the xy workbench
  • the spray head moves along the z-direction
  • the substrate is along the x-direction And y-direction movement, achieving relative movement between the nozzle and the substrate in the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction;
  • the lower end of the bracket is mounted with an x-y table, the bracket is a z-direction table, and the nozzle is mounted on the z-direction table to realize the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction movement of the nozzle.
  • the pedestal sheet is a vacuum suction cup made of metal, and the air inlet of the vacuum suction cup is connected with the vacuum tube, and the pedestal piece is fixed to the substrate by vacuum negative pressure.
  • the cap piece is further provided with an electric heating device, and the electric heating device is an electric heating rod or an electric heating sheet.
  • the electric heating device can achieve rapid curing of the printing material by heating the printing material.
  • the printing material of the single-nozzle multi-material multi-scale 3D printing device is a solution, including organic polymers, inorganic functional materials, biological materials, nanoparticles, conductive materials, graphene, carbon nanotubes or nanoparticles. Liquid composite.
  • the single-nozzle multi-material multi-scale 3D printing device further comprises an ultraviolet curing light source disposed directly above the substrate, and the exposure light source is irradiated to a region where the printing material is deposited on the substrate for the UV photosensitive material. Curing.
  • a camera or visual inspection module is provided adjacent the nozzle of the showerhead to monitor the actual electro-printing process and the alignment of the printing process graphics.
  • the working method of the single-head multi-material multi-scale 3D printing device comprises the following steps:
  • the micro-feed pump transports the material into the nozzle, and the mixing agitator in the nozzle thoroughly mixes the various materials in the nozzle Under the action of the inlet pressure and the electric field between the nozzle and the stage, the mixed solution is ejected from the nozzle and printed on the surface of the substrate;
  • the waste collector starts, the excess material in the nozzle is sucked out, and replaced with a new material to continue printing; when it is necessary to print macroscopic structures of different scales or micro-scale or nano-scale structures, The distance between the nozzle and the substrate, the voltage between the nozzle and the stage is achieved; until printing is completed.
  • the working distance between the nozzle and the substrate is 0.01 to 3 mm.
  • the inlet pressure of the spray head is 0.1-1 bar
  • the vacuum pressure inside the waste liquid collector is -400--500 mbar.
  • the output pulse voltage of the power source between the nozzle and the stage is 0.2-5 KV
  • the output pulse frequency is 10 Hz-1000 Hz
  • the output waveform is square.
  • the invention is applicable to new materials (composites, metamaterials, functionally graded materials, multi-space lightweight materials, smart materials, non-homogeneous materials, etc.), tissue engineering, biomedical, MEMS, 4D printing, electronic products, flexible electronics ( Wearable electronic devices, etc., aerospace, automotive, etc., especially suitable for tissue engineering, functionally graded materials, multi-space lightweight materials, metamaterials, smart materials, wearable electronic devices, consumer electronics, embedded sensors, MEMS, etc. Industrial-scale production in the field.
  • the nozzle of the present invention is provided with a plurality of feed ports, each of which is connected with a different micro-feed pump, and after a plurality of materials enter the nozzle, the mixture is fully mixed under the action of the agitator, thereby realizing more
  • the printing of the material; the relative movement of the x-direction, the y-direction and the z-direction can be realized between the nozzle and the substrate of the invention, and the macro-geometry of the printed object, the interior of the object and the microstructure of the surface are reasonably controlled.
  • the nozzle of the nozzle of the present invention is a conductive nozzle, and is printed by electro-printing in a high-voltage electric field, which can accurately print the microstructure of the object, and realize the object by adjusting the distance between the nozzle and the substrate.
  • Macroscopic and microscopic multi-scale printing while fabricating (microstructure) complex three-dimensional micro-nano structures on the surface and inside of objects.
  • the invention can suck out the material in the nozzle through the waste liquid collector, and is used for updating the material, realizing rapid replacement of multiple materials in the printing process, and real-time adjustment of material components, solving the problem of multi-material integration in the printing process. Change material composition and ratio to achieve seamless and precise flexibility, rigid materials and electronic circuits without stopping printing transition. Provides an industrial grade solution for the industrial production of wearable devices and electronic devices.
  • the stirring device is arranged inside the nozzle of the invention, and the multiple materials are actively and quickly fully and uniformly mixed in the printing process; the micro feed pump can realize precise control of each component;
  • the material of the invention has good compatibility, is suitable for printing of high-viscosity liquid, solves the problem of printing of high-viscosity materials and reactive materials (such as AB epoxy resin), and is suitable for biological materials, metal nanoparticles, ceramic materials. , organic functional materials and other materials; can achieve integrated printing of liquid and nano materials;
  • the invention adopts single nozzle electro-printing printing, overcomes the defects and deficiencies of the existing multi-nozzle printing; realizes multi-material and multi-scale 3D printing by using single nozzle electro-jet printing, and expands the function and application field of printing.
  • the structure and operation of the present invention are simple, low in cost and high in efficiency.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a shower head of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-material, multi-scale 3D printing apparatus according to the present invention, comprising: a base 1, an xy workbench 2, a carrier table 3, a substrate 4, a high voltage power supply 5, a printing material 6, a spray head 7, and a connecting frame 8.
  • the base 3 is fixed on the xy table 2;
  • the substrate 4 is fixed on the substrate table 3;
  • the nozzle 7 is placed directly above the substrate 4, and is fixed on the connecting frame 8;
  • the connecting frame 8 is fixed on the z-direction table 11;
  • z is fixed to the support table 11 on the support table 12;
  • the support 12 is fixed on the base 1;
  • a mixing stirrer 9 is arranged inside the spray head 7, the upper part of the mixing stirrer 9 is fixed on the upper surface of the spray head, and the lower part of the mixing stirrer 9 is placed in the spray head 7
  • the mixing chamber 18; the lower portion of the waste liquid collector 10 is placed in the mixing chamber 18 of the spray head 7, the upper portion of the waste liquid collector 10 is provided with an air inlet, the air
  • the air inlet is connected to the vacuum line 13; the nozzle 7 is provided with an air inlet, and the air inlet is connected with the pressure line 14; Conductive nozzle portion 19 is provided between the substrate 4 and the high voltage power supply 5, wherein the fixed base 4 of wafer stage 3 then the negative side, the nozzle 19 is connected to the positive high voltage power supply 5.
  • the xy table 2 is a two-dimensional precision stage, which realizes the movement of the substrate 4 in the xy direction, and cooperates with the nozzle 7 to move up and down along the z to complete the manufacture of each layer structure; using LS-180 linear displacement Table, working stroke 150 mm, two-way repeat positioning accuracy ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m.
  • the receiving table 3 is made of a metal vacuum suction cup, and the air inlet provided by the receiving table 3 is connected to the vacuum line, and the substrate 4 is adsorbed and fixed by vacuum negative pressure; the receiving table 3 is also provided with electric heating. sheet.
  • the high voltage power supply 5 adopts a high voltage pulse power supply, and the output pulse voltage is continuously adjustable from 0 to 4 KV, and the output pulse frequency is 10 Hz to 1000 Hz, and the output waveform is square.
  • the printing material 6 shown in this embodiment selects four kinds of materials, and the feeding port 16 provided through the head 7 respectively enters the feeding chamber 15 of the head 7.
  • the printing material 6 can be fed to the feeding chamber 15 of the head 7 through a precision micro syringe pump, respectively.
  • a precision microinjector pump is connected to the feed port using a Teflon hose.
  • the spray head 7 comprises three parts: an upper part is a feed chamber 15, a middle part is a mixing chamber 18, and a lower part is a conductive nozzle 19.
  • the feed chamber 15 is uniformly provided with four feed ports 16 respectively, and enters the feed chamber 15 of the spray head 7 from the feed port 16 respectively; the mixing stirrer 9 provided by the middle mixing chamber 18 is used for the different feeds.
  • the printing material 6 of the mouth 16 is sufficiently stirred and uniformly mixed; the nozzle 19 at the lowermost portion of the head 7 is a conductive nozzle, and this embodiment employs a hollow stainless steel nozzle having an inner diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the mixing agitator 9 includes an end cap 20, a stepping motor 21, and a spiral blade 22; wherein the spiral blade 22 is connected to the stepping motor 21 through a transmission shaft 17, and the stepping motor 21 is fixed on the lower end surface of the end cover 20, the end The cover 20 is fixed to the upper end of the feed chamber 15 of the head 7.
  • the waste liquid collector 10 is configured to recover the material remaining in the spray head 7 by the vacuum negative pressure. When the material is switched, the waste liquid collector 10 is turned on, and the printed material 6 remaining in the spray head 7 is recovered into the waste liquid collector 10.
  • the waste collector has an integrated pump with a vacuum pressure of -500 mbar.
  • the spray head 7, the mixing agitator 9, and the waste liquid collector 10 form an intelligent active mixed multi-material printing nozzle system to realize functions of multi-material supply, uniform mixing of multiple materials, waste recycling, etc., as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the z-direction table 11 uses PI's M-501 ultra-precision z-axis stage with a repeatability of 0.1 micron.
  • the working distance of the lowermost nozzle 19 of the head 7 from the substrate 4 is 200 micrometers.
  • the operating range of the pressure line is: 0-1 bar; the working range of the vacuum line is ⁇ -0.2 bar;
  • a high-speed camera or visual inspection module can be placed near the nozzle to monitor the actual electro-printing process and the alignment of the printing process graphics.
  • An ultraviolet curing light source may be included, and the ultraviolet curing light source is placed directly above the substrate to effect curing of the UV photosensitive material.
  • a schematic structural view of a multi-material, multi-scale 3D printing device of the present invention includes: a base 1, x-y Workbench 2, carrier 3, substrate 4, high voltage power supply 5, printing material 6, nozzle 7, connecting frame 8, mixing agitator 9, waste collector 10, z-direction table 11, bracket 12, vacuum line 13.
  • the pressure line 14 wherein the base 1 is placed at the bottom, the xy table 2 is placed on the base 1; the carrier table 3 is fixed on the base 1; the substrate 4 is fixed on the carrier table 3; The substrate 4 is directly above and fixed on the connecting frame 8; the connecting frame 8 is fixed on the z-direction table 11; the z-direction table 11 is fixed on the bracket 12; the bracket 12 is fixed on the xy table 2, and the xy table 2 is fixed On the base 1.
  • the xy table 2 is a two-dimensional precision stage, which realizes the movement of the bracket 12 in the xy direction, and the nozzle 7 moves up and down along z to complete the manufacture of each layer structure; the LS-180 linear stage is used, and the working stroke is 150. Millimeter, two-way repeat positioning accuracy ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m.

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Abstract

一种单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置及其工作方法，包括底座（1）、工作台（2）、承片台（3）、基材（4）、电源（5）、喷头（7）和支架（12），所述底座（1）安装在最下方，支架（12）和工作台（2）均安装在底座（1）的上方，喷头（7）安装在支架（12）上；承片台（3）固定在工作台（2）上，基材（4）固定在承片台（3）的上方；电源（5）的正极和负极分别与上述喷头（7）的喷嘴（19）和承片台（3）连接；通过工作台（2）和支架（12）之间的相对运动，实现了喷头（7）和基材（4）之间的x向、y向和z向的相对运动。喷头（7）设置有多个进料口（16），每个进料口（16）均与不同的微量进料泵连接，多种材料进入喷头（7）内后，在搅拌器的作用下充分混合，实现了多材料的打印；该装置合理控制了打印物体的宏观几何形状、物体内部和表面的微结构，实现了多尺度结构一体化制造。

Description

一种单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置及其工作方法 技术领域
本发明属于增材制造技术领域，具体涉及一种单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置及其工作方法。
背景技术
新材料(复合材料、超材料、功能梯度材料、多孔轻量化材料、智能材料、非匀质材料等)、组织工程、生物医疗、MEMS、4D打印、电子产品、柔性电子(可穿戴电子设备等)、航空航天、汽车等诸多领域对于多材料、宏/微/纳多尺度结构一体化制造有着巨大的需求。例如，在生物医疗领域要打印一个既包含能随膝盖一起运动的柔软材料，又包含坚硬电子元件的设备，3D打印机应具有如下能力：从柔软材料无缝过渡到坚硬材料，将不同电导率、不同电阻的墨水打印出电路，并能在各种墨水打印材料之间精确切换，而且在执行所有这些任务时不间断，这种在打印产品中整合不同材料和性质的能力，该产品的打印需要多材料、多尺度3D打印。此外，功能驱动的材料、结构、功能部件一体化设计和制造，3D打印控形、控性技术的实现也需要多材料、多尺度增材制造技术和装备的强有力支撑。
但是，目前现有的3D打印工艺大多是单材料打印，即使已有的一些多材料3D打印工艺也主要是基于多喷头技术，然而基于多喷头方法存在诸多不足和局限性：(1)无法实现多材料主动混合；(2)无法实现多材料各组分的精确控制；(3)无法实现多材料间无缝过度(例如从柔软材料无缝过渡到坚硬材料)；(4)配置喷头数量有限，可打印材料种类数量受限；(5)多喷头结构和操作复杂，设备成本高；(6)喷头之间需要频繁切换，打印效率低；(7)高粘度液体材料打印困难，可供打印材料种类受限；(8)难以实现宏、微、纳跨/多尺度一体化制造；(9)3D打印控性能力非常弱。另外，多材料成形喷头一般采用多个喷头并行安装在同一高度，每个喷头可以处理一种材料，打印过程中一般只有一个喷头在工作，同一高度处在待命状的其他喷头就可能存在对构建组织成形面的干扰。因此，现有的3D打印技术难以实现多材料、多尺度结构一体化制造。
基于EHD微尺度3D打印(电喷印)亦称为电流体动力喷射打印(Electro hydrodynamic Jet Printing，E-jet)，是近年新出现的一种新型微纳尺度3D打印技术，它是一种基于电流体动力学(EHD)微液滴喷射成形沉积技术，与传统喷印技术(热喷印、压电喷印等)采用“推”方式不同，EHD喷印采用电场驱动以“拉”方式从液锥(泰勒锥)顶端产生极细的射流。由于电喷印采用锥射流模式按需喷印的模式，能够产生非常均匀的液滴并形成高精度图案；打印分辨率不受喷嘴直径的限制，能在喷嘴不易堵塞的前提下，实现亚微米、纳米 尺度分辨率复杂三维微纳结构的制造。而且可用于电喷印的材料范围非常广泛，包括从绝缘聚合物到导电聚合物，从悬浊液到单壁碳纳米管溶液，从金属材料、无机功能材料到生物材料等。因此，与现有的3D打印技术相比，它在成本、效率、可控性、打印面积(结合卷对卷工艺)等方面已经显示出突出的优势和潜能，而且还具有兼容性好(适用材料广泛，特别是许多高粘度材料)、结构简单、分辨率高的特点，尤其它是具有特别突出的多材料、跨尺度3D打印潜能。然而，现有多材料电喷印主要是基于多喷头方案，存在现有多喷头方案面临的不足和局限性。
因此，为了克服现有3D打印和增材制造在多材料、宏/微/纳多尺度结构一体化制造方面的存在的不足和缺陷，实现“功能驱动的结构、材料、性能设计和制造一体化无缝集成”，将材料、微结构、宏观结构等设计要素与功能需求目标结合，实现复杂组织结构控形、控性制造(尤其是通过多材料、微结构布置改进优化产品的性能，增加新的功能)，满足新材料开发、生物医疗、电子产品、组织工程、MEMS、可穿戴电子设备、4D打印等研发和规模化生产的实际需求。迫切需要开发新的多材料、多尺度3D打印工艺和装备。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有技术中存在的技术问题，提供一种单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置及其工作方法。该装置实现了多材料、多尺度结构的一体化制造，提高3D打印控形、控性的能力。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置，包括用于将单种材料或多种材料进行混合后进行喷涂打印的喷头，所述喷头包括进料室、设置在进料室下端的混料室和设置在混料室下端的喷嘴，所述进料室的侧壁上设置若干个进料口，混料室中设置用于对多种材料进行搅拌的混合搅拌器。
优选的，所述混料室内设置用于将材料导出喷头的废液收集器，所述废液收集器为废液收集管路，内置集成泵，废液收集管路的一端设置于混料室内部，另一端与外界连通。
废液收集器用于通过真空负压回收喷头内残留的材料，在转换材料时，开启废液收集器，将喷头内残留的打印材料回收到废液收集器中，废液收集器内的真空压强-500mbar。
优选的，所述喷头设置进气口，进气口与压力管路连接。进气口通入气体，有助于将喷头中的材料喷出。所述压力管路的工作范围是：0.1-1bar；所述真空管路工作范围是<-0.2bar。为整个喷印系统提供稳定且精确可调的气动压力来驱动流体。
优选的，所述混合搅拌器包括电机、螺旋叶片和端盖，端盖盖合在所述进料室的上端，电机安装在端盖的下端，螺旋叶片安装在电机的下端的混料室内，通过传动轴与电机连接。 中部混料室设置的混合搅拌器用于对来自不同进料口的打印材料充分搅拌，混合均匀。
优选的，所述喷嘴为导电喷嘴，所述导电喷嘴为金属喷嘴或涂覆导电材料，喷嘴的内径为0.5-100μm。
导电喷嘴可以实现利用高压电场进行电喷印，电喷印具有以下优点：打印液滴直径小，可以实现亚微米级，纳米级的喷印分辨率，可以对物体的微观结构进行打印，进而实现了宏观/微观多尺度结构的打印；打印材料广泛。绝缘或导电性质的液体、有机及无机材料、各种溶液或悬浊液都可以用来打印；喷头不易堵塞。电喷印是使用强电场力将流体从喷嘴拉出，能够克服因为流体粘度太高而喷嘴堵塞的问题；精度高。由于喷嘴与接收基板之间的距离很小，能够减小因为空气扰动等导致的定位误差，精度高，可控性好；此外，电喷印非常适合于复杂和高精度喷印。
优选的，所述进料口的个数不少于2个，每个进料口均与微量注射泵连接。进料口的个数为多个，可以与多种材料的微量注射泵连接，实现多材料的3D打印。
所述单喷头多材料多尺度的3D打印装置，还包括底座、工作台、承片台、基材、电源、上述喷头和支架，所述底座安装在最下方，支架和工作台均安装在底座的上方，喷头安装在支架上；承片台固定在工作台上，基材固定在承片台的上方；电源的正极和负极分别与上述喷头的喷嘴和承台片连接；通过工作台和支架之间的相对运动，实现了喷头和基材之间的x向、y向和z向的相对运动。
喷头和基材之间的三维相对运动，适用于准确打印立体物体，实现了对物体的多轴向打印。
优选的，所述工作台为x-y工作台，所述支架为z向工作台，喷头安装在z向工作台上，基材固定在x-y工作台上；喷头沿z向运动，基材沿x向和y向运动，实现了喷头和基材之间的x向、y向和z向的相对运动；
或，支架的下端安装x-y工作台，所述支架为z向工作台，喷头安装在z向工作台上，实现了喷头的x向、y向和z向运动。
优选的，所述承台片为金属材质的真空吸盘，真空吸盘的进气口与真空管路连接，承台片通过真空负压实现对基材的固定。
进一步优选的，所述承台片还设置有电加热装置，所述电加热装置为电加热棒或电加热片。电加热装置可以通过对打印材料进行加热，实现打印材料快速固化。
优选的，所述单喷头多材料多尺度的3D打印装置的打印材料为溶液，包括有机聚合物、无机功能材料、生物材料、纳米粒子、导电材料、石墨烯、碳纳米管或者是含有纳米粒子的液体复合材料。
优选的，所述单喷头多材料多尺度的3D打印装置，还包括紫外固化光源，其置于基材正上方，曝光光源照射到打印材料沉积在基材上的区域，用于对UV光敏材料的固化。
优选的，在所述喷头的喷嘴附近设置摄像机或者视觉检测模块，监控实际电喷印过程，以及喷印过程图形的对准。
上述单喷头多材料多尺度的3D打印装置的工作方法，包括如下步骤：
将基材固定在承片台上，调整喷嘴与基材之间的工作距离，微量进料泵将材料输送进入喷头内，喷头内的混合搅拌器对多种材料进行充分混合后，在喷头的进气压力及喷嘴和承片台之间的电场作用下，混合溶液自喷嘴中喷出，在基材表面进行打印；
当需要转换打印材料时，废液收集器启动，将喷头内多余的材料吸出后，更换为新的材料继续打印；当需要打印不同尺度的宏观结构或微米级结构或纳米级结构时，通过改变喷嘴与基材距离、喷嘴和承片台之间的电压来实现；直至完成打印。
优选的，喷嘴与基材之间的工作距离为0.01-3毫米。
优选的，所述喷头的进气压力为0.1-1bar，废液收集器内部的真空压强为-400--500mbar。
优选的，喷嘴和承片台之间的电源的输出脉冲电压为0.2-5KV，输出脉冲频率10Hz-1000Hz，输出波形为方形。
本发明适用于新材料(复合材料、超材料、功能梯度材料、多空轻量化材料、智能材料、非匀质材料等)、组织工程、生物医疗、MEMS、4D打印、电子产品、柔性电子(可穿戴电子设备等)、航空航天、汽车等领域，尤其适合组织工程、功能梯度材料、多空轻量化材料、超材料、智能材料、可穿戴电子设备、消费电子产品、嵌入式传感器、MEMS等领域的工业级规模化生产。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明的喷头设置有多个进料口，每个进料口均与不同的微量进料泵连接，多种材料进入喷头内后，在搅拌器的作用下充分混合，实现了多材料的打印；本发明的喷头和基材之间可以实现x向、y向和z向的相对运动，合理控制了打印物体的宏观几何形状、物体内部和表面的微结构。
(2)本发明的喷头的喷嘴为导电喷嘴，在高压电场中采用电喷印的方式进行打印，能够实现对物体微观结构的精确打印，通过调节喷嘴与基材之间的距离，实现了物体的宏观和微观的多尺度打印，同时在物体表面和内部制造(微观结构)复杂三维微纳结构。
(3)本发明可以通过废液收集器将喷头内的材料吸出，用于更新材料，实现了打印过程中多材料快速更换，以及材料组分实时调节，解决了多材料集成难题，在打印过程改变材料成分和配比，在不停止打印条件下实现柔性材料、刚性材料和电子电路的无缝和精确 过渡。为可穿戴设备、电子设备的工业化生产提供一种工业级解决方案。
(4)本发明的喷头内部设置搅拌装置，在打印过程中实现多材料主动、快速完全充分均匀混合；微量进料泵能够实现对各个组分的精确控制；
(5)本发明的材料兼容性好，适用于高粘度液体的打印，解决了高粘度材料和反应材料(如AB环氧树脂胶)打印的难题，适用于生物材料、金属纳米粒子、陶瓷材料、有机功能材料等各种材料；可以实现液体、纳米材料一体化打印；
(6)本发明采用单喷头电喷印打印，克服了现有多喷头打印缺陷和不足；利用单喷头电喷印同时实现了多材料和多尺度3D打印，扩大打印的功能和应用领域。另外，本发明的结构和操作简单，成本低，效率高。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的喷头的结构示意图；
图3是本发明实施例2的结构示意图。
其中，1、底座，2、x-y工作台，3、承片台，4、基材，5、高压电源，6、打印材料，7、喷头，8、连接架，9、混合搅拌器，10、废液收集器，11、z向工作台，12、支架，13、真空管路，14、压力管路，15、进料室，16、进料口，17、传动轴，18、混料室，19、喷嘴，20、端盖，21、步进电机，22、螺旋叶片。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
图1是本发明多材料、多尺度3D打印装置结构示意图，它包括：底座1、x-y工作台2、承片台3、基材4、高压电源5、打印材料6、喷头7、连接架8、混合搅拌器9、废液收集器10、z向工作台11、支架12、真空管路13、压力管路14；其中底座1置于最下方，x-y工作台2置于底座1上；承片台3固定在x-y工作台2上；基材4固定在承片台3上；喷头7置于基材4正上方，并固定在连接架8上；连接架8固定在z向工作台11；z向工作台11固定在支架12上；支架12固定在底座1上；喷头7内部设置混合搅拌器9，混合搅拌器9上部固定在喷头的上表面，混合搅拌器9下部放置在喷头7内混料室18；废液收集器10下部放置在喷头7的混料室18，废液收集器10的上部设置进气口，进气口与真空管路13相连；承片台3设置进气口，进气口与真空管路13相连；喷头7设置进气口，进气口与压力管路14相连；喷头7最下部导电喷嘴19与基材4之间设置高压电源5，其中固定基材4的承片台3一侧接负极，喷嘴19与高压电源5的正极连接。
所述x-y工作台2为二维精密位移台，实现基材4在x-y方向的运动，并与喷头7沿着z向上下运动相配合，完成每一层结构的制造；采用LS-180线性位移台，工作行程150毫米，双向重复定位精度±0.1微米。
所述承片台3选用金属材质的真空吸盘，承片台3设置的进气口与真空管路相连，通过真空负压实现对基材4吸附固定；所述承片台3还设有电加热片。
所述高压电源5采用高压脉冲电源，输出脉冲电压0-4KV连续可调，输出脉冲频率10Hz-1000Hz，输出波形为方形。
本实施例所示打印材料6选用4种材料，分别通过喷头7设置的进料口16进入喷头7的进料室15。打印材料6可以分别通过精密微量注射泵向喷头7的进料室15供料。采用特氟龙软管将精密微量注射泵与进料口相连。
如图2所示，所述喷头7包括三部分：上部为进料室15，中部为混料室18，下部为导电的喷嘴19。其中进料室15均匀设置4个进料口16，分别从进料口16进入喷头7的进料室15；中部混料室18设置的混合搅拌器9螺旋叶片22用于对来自不同进料口16的打印材料6充分搅拌，混合均匀；喷头7最下部的喷嘴19为导电喷嘴，本实施例采用中空不锈钢喷嘴，内径0.5微米。
所述混合搅拌器9包括端盖20、步进电机21、螺旋叶片22；其中螺旋叶片22通过传动轴17与步进电机21相连，步进电机21固定在端盖20的下端面上，端盖20固定在喷头7的进料室15的上端。
所述废液收集器10用于通过真空负压回收喷头7内残留的材料，在切换材料时，开启废液收集器10，将喷头7内残留的打印材料6回收到废液收集器10中，废液收集器内置集成泵，真空压强-500mbar。
所述喷头7、混合搅拌器9、废液收集器10组成一个智能主动混合多材料打印喷头系统，实现多材料供给、多材料均匀混合、废料回收等功能，如图2所示。
所述z向工作台11采用PI公司的M-501超精密z轴位移台，重复精度0.1微米。所述喷头7最下部喷嘴19与基材4的工作距离200微米。
所述压力管路的工作范围是：0-1bar；所述真空管路工作范围是<-0.2bar；
在喷嘴附近可以设置高速摄像机或者视觉检测模块，监控实际电喷印过程，以及喷印过程图形的对准。可以包括紫外固化光源，紫外固化光源置于基材的正上方，实现对UV光敏材料的固化。
实施例2
如图3所示，本发明多材料、多尺度3D打印装置结构示意图，它包括：底座1、x-y 工作台2、承片台3、基材4、高压电源5、打印材料6、喷头7、连接架8、混合搅拌器9、废液收集器10、z向工作台11、支架12、真空管路13、压力管路14；其中底座1置于最下方，x-y工作台2置于底座1上；承片台3固定在底座1上；基材4固定在承片台3上；喷头7置于基材4正上方，并固定在连接架8上；连接架8固定在z向工作台11；z向工作台11固定在支架12上；支架12固定在x-y工作台2，x-y工作台2固定在底座1上。
所述x-y工作台2为二维精密位移台，实现支架12在x-y方向的运动，喷头7沿着z向上下运动，完成每一层结构的制造；采用LS-180线性位移台，工作行程150毫米，双向重复定位精度±0.1微米。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置，其特征在于：包括底座、工作台、承片台、基材、电源、喷头和支架；
    所述喷头包括进料室、设置在进料室下端的混料室和设置在混料室下端的导电喷嘴，所述进料室的侧壁上设置若干个进料口，混料室中设置用于对多种材料进行搅拌的混合搅拌器；
    所述底座安装在最下方，支架和工作台均安装在底座的上方，喷头安装在支架上；承片台固定在工作台上，基材固定在承片台的上方，且位于喷头的下方；电源的正极和负极分别与所述喷头的导电喷嘴和承台片连接；通过工作台和支架之间的相对运动，实现了喷头和基材之间的x向、y向和z向的相对运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述混料室内设置用于将材料导出喷头的废液收集器，所述废液收集器为废液收集管路，内置集成泵，废液收集管路的一端设置于混料室内部，另一端与外界连通；所述喷头设置进气口，进气口与压力管路连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述混合搅拌器包括电机、螺旋叶片和端盖，端盖盖合在所述进料室的上端，电机安装在端盖的下端，螺旋叶片安装在电机的下端的混料室内，通过传动轴与电机连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述导电喷嘴为金属喷嘴或涂覆导电材料，喷嘴的内径为0.5-100μm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述工作台为x-y工作台，所述支架上安装z向工作台，喷头安装在z向工作台上，基材固定在x-y工作台上；喷头沿z向运动，基材沿x向和y向运动，实现了喷头和基材之间的x向、y向和z向的相对运动。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述支架的下端安装x-y工作台，所述支架上安装z向工作台，喷头安装在z向工作台上，实现了喷头的x向、y向和z向运动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述承台片为金属材质的真空吸盘，真空吸盘的进气口与真空管路连接，承台片通过真空负压实现对基材的固定；所述承台片还设置有电加热装置，所述电加热装置为电加热棒或电加热片。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置，其特征在于：所述单喷头多材料多尺度的3D打印装置，还包括紫外固化光源，其置于基材正上方，曝光光源照射到打印材料沉积在基材上的区域，用于对UV光敏材料的固化；在所述喷头的喷嘴附近设置 摄像机或者视觉检测模块，监控实际电喷印过程，以及喷印过程图形的对准。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述单喷头多材料多尺度3D打印装置的工作方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    将基材固定在承片台上，调整喷嘴与基材之间的工作距离为0.01-3毫米，微量进料泵将材料输送进入喷头内，喷头内的混合搅拌器对多种材料进行充分混合后，在喷头0.1-1bar的进气压力及喷嘴和承片台之间的电场作用下，混合溶液自喷嘴中喷出，在基材表面进行打印；
    当需要转换打印材料时，废液收集器启动，将喷头内多余的材料吸出后，更换为新的材料继续打印；
    当需要打印不同尺度的宏观结构或微米级结构或纳米级结构时，通过改变喷嘴与基材距离、喷嘴和承片台之间的电压来实现；直至完成打印。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的工作方法，其特征在于：喷嘴和承片台之间的电源的输出脉冲电压为0.2-5KV，输出脉冲频率10Hz-1000Hz，输出波形为方形；废液收集器的真空压强为-400-500mbar。
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