WO2017052352A1 - Structure of interconnected suspension cables for elevated monorail - Google Patents

Structure of interconnected suspension cables for elevated monorail Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017052352A1
WO2017052352A1 PCT/MX2015/000127 MX2015000127W WO2017052352A1 WO 2017052352 A1 WO2017052352 A1 WO 2017052352A1 MX 2015000127 W MX2015000127 W MX 2015000127W WO 2017052352 A1 WO2017052352 A1 WO 2017052352A1
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Prior art keywords
cables
track
tracks
towers
segment
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PCT/MX2015/000127
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luis Ricardo MERCADO MENDOZA
Original Assignee
Mercado Mendoza Luis Ricardo
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Application filed by Mercado Mendoza Luis Ricardo filed Critical Mercado Mendoza Luis Ricardo
Priority to PCT/MX2015/000127 priority Critical patent/WO2017052352A1/en
Publication of WO2017052352A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017052352A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B25/00—Tracks for special kinds of railways
    • E01B25/22—Tracks for railways with the vehicle suspended from rigid supporting rails
    • E01B25/24—Supporting rails; Auxiliary balancing rails; Supports or connections for rails

Definitions

  • the present invention deals with the field of public transport and refers to a structure for elevated hanging monorails based on suspension bridges but in such a way that it occupies little urban space and does not disturb the city streets, in addition to that it can be extended for unlimited distances and has the possibility of turning corners and turns in the corners.
  • U.S. Patent Pat. No. 3,541,964 granted to J. Arney in November 1970 describes an elevated rail with predefined tension for high hanging trains but without solving the problem of horizontal oscillation or lateral disturbance, in addition to requiring extremely large and expensive towers or columns to support the tension.
  • the present invention solves the problem of oscillation by using cross-linked cables between segment and segment to form an "X" seen from above, and also does not need such large towers or columns because it is based on the suspension system for bridge cables so The tension is less.
  • US Pat. No. 4,451,950 issued to John R. Richardson in June 1984 describes a suspension bridge by cables whose two tracks hang apart although joined by multiple perpendicular and diagonal beams to prevent oscillation or lateral horizontal disturbance due to wind.
  • the present invention has a path with such a tiny profile that the oscillation and lateral disturbance are imperceptible and invaluable, in addition to having cross-linked cables between segments in the form of 'X' as the best method to prevent oscillations.
  • US Pat. No. 4,641,587 granted to Femand Dalliard on February 10, 1987 describes a motorized car, suspended by two tracks supported by a suspension cable structure or horizontal beams.
  • the present invention is superior and safer because it consists of two suspended cables, instead of just one, that are crossed in the form of 'X' to prevent oscillation or lateral disturbance, in addition said cross-linking allows multiple tracks and varied directions for trains , instead of being limited to only one sense.
  • U.S. Patent Pat. No. 6,606,954 issued to Ben Lamoreaux on August 19, 2003 details an elevated cable system.
  • Ben uses a system of cables supported by a main cable which supports the car and also integrates several methods to eliminate deformation by the weight of the car, Lamoreaux does not try to solve the problem of longer sections or how to prevent horizontal oscillation.
  • the present invention can be extended over great distances because it is based on the suspension structure by cable for bridges, not on the tower-to-segment cable system such as the Lamoreaux system.
  • Underground trains, buses and trams are the main means of transportation in large cities because they provide the transfer of thousands of citizens to their multiple destinations, in high-density cities underground trains are preferable because they do not disrupt traffic on the streets, but Unfortunately, the cost associated with this system is very high, instead other means of transport such as buses or trams have been adapted to the street level, but this system, although less expensive, interferes with vehicular traffic and presents a risk of collisions and accidents with other vehicles, especially in cities with large populations where traffic is already a problem.
  • the present invention proposes an elevated monorail system using a novel method to use suspension cables and anchors, this is done by constructing multiple redundant and identical segments to each other where each segment provides support to the attached segments, and where the anchors (required for any suspension cable structure) are part of the towers main, so that each pair of towers of each segment functions as an anchor for adjacent segments, saving valuable space and thus creating a series of connected and interdependent segments which can be extended for virtually unlimited distances.
  • the tracks on which the monorail is supported hang from the main suspension cables by means of secondary or hanging cables that descend from the main cables directly to the tracks.
  • the present invention could be the main means of transport for all major cities, as it represents an alternative that does not alter land roads, is fast to build and has a much lower cost to any underground system
  • the present invention has many favorable advantages, among them is that the visual impact of this system on urban streets is minimal, because unlike the elevated trains in existence, here the distance between the support towers or pylons is larger than using the common system of beams and columns, so that the present invention eliminates the negative effects on the streets such as the appropriation of several central lanes, as well as the obstruction of the sky and degradation of the real estate that occur whenever a highway is built elevated in an urban environment. With the present invention the area of the sky that is blocked is minimal, since it consists only of the main cables, secondary cables and the tracks on which the monorail hangs, which are extremely narrow and narrow.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that it can be built on any existing urban street without interrupting or disturbing vehicular or pedestrian traffic, since the only element present at street level is the pylons or towers, which are built in pairs and consist of one or two pairs per block or urban block, compared to half a dozen or more using the typical system of beams and columns, in addition, said towers or pylons would be located in the lane dedicated to the parking lot, to allow normal circulation in the sidewalks and the streets, these types of innovations are what make this invention ideal for high-density cities, where traffic disruption in the streets must be minimal.
  • the objective of the present invention is not to define the shape of the track or the wagons, nor the way to connect the tracks to the wagons, nor the propulsion system of these wagons, the only objective of this invention is the structure for to support the elevated monorail tracks, the track and wagons can take any form, but for illustrative purposes a track will be used whose profile is in the form of an inverted 'T', whose horizontal areas support a multitude of pairs of tires on each On the other hand, these routes run along the entire line of the monorail.
  • Figure 1 is a panoramic view of the entire structure which provides a view of the present invention as it would look if it were built in a typical city.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a single segment of the structure, in this figure the most important components are clearly visible, as well as the street, houses and vehicles are also evident.
  • Figure 3 is a profile view of a segment of the structure and describes its components in more detail, the vehicles are visible but the houses have been removed for a clearer view.
  • Figure 4 is a top view of the towers or pylons as well as part of each segment, this view shows the suspension cables of the system as well as the tracks and wagons, and clearly shows the cable connections to the tracks and towers.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the towers from street level, as well as one of the partially visible wagons, the houses have been removed for a clearer view.
  • Figure 6 is also a perspective view of the towers from street level, this figure is from a point of view as if it were seen by a pedestrian, in this view the cable connections and the beams are clearly visible, The wagons have been removed for a clearer view.
  • Figure 7 is a Lateral Perspective of the structure, this figure clearly shows the car, the tracks and the street, but the houses and vehicles have been removed for a clearer view.
  • Figure 8 is a top perspective of the structure, in this figure the towers, anchors and cables are clearly visible, also one of the wagons is partially visible.
  • FIGURE 1 This is a landscape of a common city with the present invention built in one of the streets, this figure is only to illustrate the structure and therefore none of the components are indicated.
  • FIGURE 2 This view clearly shows a segment of the structure seen in profile. Similar to a bridge structure known as a "suspension bridge", the present invention consists of two Pylons or Towers 5 per segment, which hold and hold the main cables 1 1, which are very important for this invention because they support all the weight of the wagons 15. However, in the present invention the necessary anchors 7 in the system have been placed adjacent or adjacent to the pylons or towers 5, maintaining the angle of the cable 1 1 on each side of the pylons 5 thanks to a triangular support structure 6 located in the upper area of the pylon 5.
  • the main cables 1 1 support the tracks 12 by means of vertical secondary cables 16 that run from certain multiple positions 8 in the main cables 1 1 to the track 12, said horizontal secondary cables are called "braces" 16.
  • the main cables 1 1 run from segment by segment and begin at an anchor 7, from there to the triangular support structure 6 and then to the pinnacle or highest point of the tower 5 where they cross to the other side and from there they cross with another opposite main cable 11 at a crossroads! iento (in the form of an 'X' seen from above) or fork 13 and from there follow the entire segment to the opposite tower 5, and back, to another triangular support structure 6 and from there to its respective anchor 7,
  • iento in the form of an 'X' seen from above
  • fork 13 from there follow the entire segment to the opposite tower 5, and back, to another triangular support structure 6 and from there to its respective anchor 7,
  • Each segment like the one described here is copied or imitated identically throughout the entire system.
  • Each segment has two main cables 1 1, said main cables 11 intersect in the middle of the segment creating a form of 'X' seen from above, using a clamp or fastener 13, this prevents the displacement or lateral wiggling of the tracks due to wind, earthquakes or other factors, there is also a group of tertiary cables 17 that leave the top of tower 5 directly to track 12, similar to the bridge system known as "cable-stayed bridge", which makes the way more rigid to the weight and prevents deformation in the event that two monorails 15 stop at the same point. Said braces 17 are highly recommended although optional, the present invention can be constructed without them.
  • the function of the triangular support structure 6 is very important because it is located between the anchor 7 or base and the pinnacle of the tower, and its function is to create the same angle or inclination of the main cable 1 1 on both sides of the tower 5, which is essential to make the load equally distributed on both sides of the tower 5, making the load of the tower 5 perfectly vertically down towards the ground, if the main cable 1 1 has an angle or different load on either side of tower 5, then the load will not transfer perfectly downwards and this would cause tower 5 to lose balance and deform or tilt, causing structural failure of the system or collapsing. This is also similar to what would happen with the "suspension bridges" system.
  • FIGURE 3 This figure is a profile view of a segment, houses and buildings have been removed for a clearer view, present in this figure are the main cables 1 1, the pylons or towers S, the anchors 7 and track 12, as well as the secondary cables called “braces” 16 and the tertiary cables 17 as well as other components, the triangular support structure 6 is not clearly visible and will be illustrated in more detail in Figure S.
  • each segment has two main cables 11 which intersect 13 in the middle of the segment, each of the main cables 11 of each segment follows the same path, each originating and ending in an anchor 7 before going through the triangular support structure 6 and from there to the pinnacle of the pylon or tower 5 towards its fork 13 and continuing in opposite order.
  • FIGURE 4 This figure is a top view of the structure, in this the same elements as in the previous figures are observed as well as others not clearly visible previously, one of them, are the tertiary cables 17 that run from the upper part of the pylons or towers S to the tracks 12 to give horizontal stability and prevent deformations in the case of both trains 15 circulating in the same area at the same time, said braces 17 will act as if they were the support cables in a "bridge cable-stayed "and will prevent deformation of the tracks 12 under the weight of the wagons 15.
  • this beam 4 is very important because it prevents the towers from tilting or deforming towards the track towards themselves or towards the side opposite, outwards, to provide greater stability it is recommended to use two parallel beams instead of one, or for more reinforcement, a reticulated steel structure, or a framework or truss with triangular structures as connection, this would give the pylons or towers 5 additional reinforcement in the case of extremely heavy trains.
  • FIGURES 5 through 7 the pylons or towers 5 are observed from various points of view which clearly shows all the elements and components of the structure. especially the tertiary cables 17 that join the upper part of the pylons or towers 5 to the tracks 12 for greater reinforcement.
  • the combination of elements of 'suspension bridges' and 'cable-stayed bridges' gives the structure greater resistance to deformation due to the weight of the wagons or external elements (wind, earthquakes) in addition to providing redundancy, that is, components that duplicate the same task in case any of them is damaged or fails.
  • the crossbars 19 which have the function of linking the tracks in case there are two or more tracks, said crossbars 19 act similarly to sleepers on land rails and have the function of connecting the tracks 12 to the main cables 11 by means of the tie wires 16.
  • the tracks 12 do not connect directly with the tie wires 16, but the track 12 connects to the crossbar 19 and this to the tie wires 16, this is due that the tracks 12 are not directly below the main cables 1 1 but at different distances and different distances, and connecting them directly would create excessive tension, deformation and stress of said straps 16. That is why the stranded cables 16 are connected to the crossbars 19 and these to the tracks 12 in order to keep the hanging cables 16 in a perfectly vertical position.
  • FIGURE 8 This figure is an approach to the pylon or tower 5 as if viewed from above. The street and vehicles have been removed for a clearer view.
  • the upper area of the track 12 be reinforced by a reticulated frame structure or lattice structure (not illustrated here), joined vertically at the top of the track 12, this will provide more structural rigidity and prevent the tracks from deforming or altering their shape under the weight of the wagons 15 when they travel to their maximum capacity.
  • This is in supplement to the aforementioned brace cables 17 which are already present in the figures.
  • the anchors 7 are positioned on both sides of the pylons or towers S, this also has the function of protecting the pylons 5 in case of vehicular collision, since the anchors 7 will be constructed with large cement reinforced thickness with rods, this will give the tower 5 ample protection in case of out of control vehicles.
  • a common type of track will be used for hanging monorails, said track is in the form of an inverted T in which the wheels or wheels of the cars 15 circulate over the horizontal area of the areas of the inverted T of the track, such as some wagons in amusement parks.
  • the present invention establishes or defines only the support structure and configuration to support the track or tracks, and leaves the field open for different shapes, aspects and appearances not only for the tracks or the number of these, but for the design and number of wagons as well as the number of tires or wheels for each car, method of propulsion of the wagons and number of these, as well as the height of the tracks on the street.
  • the best way contemplated by the inventor to carry out the present invention is to construct the structure described above on any existing urban street, preferably straight streets without curves and with few deviations, flat or with few elevations and with few trees with branches that. they are not directly above the street, with or without tall buildings since these do not alter or affect the structure, in the urban context of a city the present invention will have two tracks, one for each direction of the trains, the street on the which will be constructed the present invention preferably will have 3 to 5 lanes, or more as long as there is a ridge or divider every 4 lanes, since this is the approximate transverse length for the structure and is the distance for trains to travel from safely in each direction,
  • the present invention consists of two pylons or towers placed on both sides of the street, if it is wider, a pylon or tower on the sidewalk and another on the ridge or divider of the street. It is also important that sidewalks or sidewalks are not narrow and preferably as wide as the equivalent of 2 or more lanes.
  • each pylon or tower will be approximately 6 or 7 stories high, as can be seen in Figure 1 , to place the tracks at 4 floors or more in height to allow the safe passage of buses, cargo trucks, etc. under them.
  • the pylons or towers S will preferably be built in the lane dedicated to the parking of vehicles, this in order to keep the sidewalks free for the movement of pedestrians, as can be seen in Figure 7.
  • the stations or platforms of this Elevated monorail will be built up the street, with the passenger loading / unloading area located above the parking lane area and building stairs / elevators directly from the sidewalks and sidewalks, that is the stations do not disturb in vehicular traffic regardless of the size of the station.
  • the present invention is a very important advance in urban transport because it is a simple mode of transport, low cost and quick to build and in addition to limited obstruction and inconvenience in urban streets, unlike other means of transport such as light trains, underground trains, transport buses, etc.
  • the disadvantage of underground trains is that they are very expensive to build, and creating light trains circulating on avenues and urban streets presents a risk of collisions and accidents, in addition to occupying traffic lanes. Elevated monorails such as the present invention are ideal for any high density urban center.

Abstract

The invention relates to a structure for supporting an elevated track for suspended monorails, which is to be used in urban centres for transporting a large number of passengers, thereby alleviating the traffic in the streets. In big cities, trains must be used to transport people. However, the underground tracks are very expensive. The problem that has arisen with the construction of elevated train systems is that horizontal beams are used which cannot extend over long distances, so big columns or pylons have to be built at only a short distance from each other, interfering with and disrupting the streets on which they are built. The invention uses the proven method of "suspension bridges" to build tracks for elevated, suspended monorails where the columns can be situated far apart from each other. The invention is also innovative in that the towers or pylons are built together with the anchorages in order to save space, such that each segment is dependent on the adjoining one, thereby creating a redundant interconnected system that can be infinitely extended.

Description

ESTRUCTURA DE CABLES DE SUSPENSION INTERCONECTADOS PARA MONORRIEL ELEVADO DESCRIPCION  INTERCONNECTED SUSPENSION CABLES STRUCTURE FOR ELEVATED MONORRIEL DESCRIPTION
Campo Técnico de la invención  Technical Field of the Invention
La presente invención trata con el campo de Transporte público y hace referencia a una estructura para monorrieles colgantes elevados basada en los puentes de suspensión pero de manera que ocupa poco espacio urbano y no perturba las calles citadinas, además de que se puede extender por distancias ilimitadas y tiene la posibilidad de dar curvas y vueltas en las esquinas. The present invention deals with the field of public transport and refers to a structure for elevated hanging monorails based on suspension bridges but in such a way that it occupies little urban space and does not disturb the city streets, in addition to that it can be extended for unlimited distances and has the possibility of turning corners and turns in the corners.
Antecedentes de la Invención Background of the Invention
A pesar de que, los trenes elevados se han construido por décadas, las patentes previas no se interesan en la estructura de los segmentos sino se enfocan en la forma o apariencia de la vía o el riel para la suspensión de los vagones, así como la forma de los vagones o la manera de acoplar o vincular los vagones a la vía suspendida. Pero no ha habido ninguna innovación en la estructura de los segmentos que soportan a la vía, por lo general se hecho uso de vigas horizontales las cuales son altamente costosas y cuyas columnas de soporte ocupan gran espacio en las calles, debido a esto el uso de vías de tren elevados es algo muy costoso, que ocupa mucho espacio y poco usado en las ciudades modernas. Se han propuesto algunos tipos de sistemas para trenes elevados para transporte público, uno de ellos, propuesto en la patente U.S. Pat. No. 3,244,1 13 otorgada a Bert A. Smyser el día 5 de Abril de 1966, describe una tramo de vías para trenes elevados, pero se enfoca más en la manera de acoplar o vincular el vagón al riel sin interesarse en proponer una solución para tramos más largos. La presente invención es perfecta para cubrir distancias largas Although, elevated trains have been built for decades, previous patents are not interested in the structure of the segments but focus on the shape or appearance of the track or rail for the suspension of the wagons, as well as the shape of the wagons or how to attach or link the wagons to the suspended track. But there has been no innovation in the structure of the segments that support the road, generally using horizontal beams which are highly expensive and whose support columns occupy large space in the streets, due to this the use of Elevated train tracks is something very expensive, which takes up a lot of space and little used in modern cities. Some types of elevated train systems for public transportation have been proposed, one of them proposed in U.S. Pat. Pat. No. 3,244,1 13 granted to Bert A. Smyser on April 5, 1966, describes a section of tracks for elevated trains, but focuses more on how to attach or link the car to the rail without interested in proposing a solution for longer sections. The present invention is perfect for covering long distances
La patente U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,964 otorgada a J. Arney en Noviembre de 1970, describe un riel elevado con tensión predefinida para trenes elevados colgantes pero sin resolver el problema de la oscilación horizontal o perturbación lateral, además de requerir torres o columnas sumamente grandes y costosas para soportar la tensión. La presente invención soluciona el problema de la oscilación al usar cables entrecruzados entre segmento y segmento para formar una "X" visto desde arriba, y además no necesita torres o columnas tan grandes porque está basada en el sistema de suspensión por cables para puentes así que la tensión es menor.  U.S. Patent Pat. No. 3,541,964 granted to J. Arney in November 1970, describes an elevated rail with predefined tension for high hanging trains but without solving the problem of horizontal oscillation or lateral disturbance, in addition to requiring extremely large and expensive towers or columns to support the tension. The present invention solves the problem of oscillation by using cross-linked cables between segment and segment to form an "X" seen from above, and also does not need such large towers or columns because it is based on the suspension system for bridge cables so The tension is less.
La patente U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,950 otorgada a John R. Richardson en Junio de 1984, describe a un puente de suspensión por cables cuyos dos vías cuelgan apartadas aunque unidas por múltiples vigas perpendiculares y diagonales para prevenir oscilación o perturbación horizontal lateral debido al viento. La presente invención tiene una vía con perfil tan minúsculo que la oscilación y perturbación lateral son imperceptibles e inapreciables, además de que cuenta con cables entrecruzados entre segmentos en forma de 'X' como mejor método para prevenir oscilaciones. La patente U.S. Pat. No. 4,641,587 otorgada a Femand Dalliard el día 10 de Febrero de 1987 describe un vagón motorizado, suspendido por dos vías sostenidas por una estructura de cable de suspensión o vigas horizontales. La presente invención es superior y más segura porque consiste de dos cables en suspensión, en lugar de uno solo, que se atraviesan en forma de 'X' para prevenir oscilación o perturbación lateral, además dicho entrecruzamiento permite múltiples vías y variadas direcciones para los trenes, en lugar de estar limitada a solo un sentido. US Pat. No. 4,451,950 issued to John R. Richardson in June 1984, describes a suspension bridge by cables whose two tracks hang apart although joined by multiple perpendicular and diagonal beams to prevent oscillation or lateral horizontal disturbance due to wind. The present invention has a path with such a tiny profile that the oscillation and lateral disturbance are imperceptible and invaluable, in addition to having cross-linked cables between segments in the form of 'X' as the best method to prevent oscillations. US Pat. No. 4,641,587 granted to Femand Dalliard on February 10, 1987 describes a motorized car, suspended by two tracks supported by a suspension cable structure or horizontal beams. The present invention is superior and safer because it consists of two suspended cables, instead of just one, that are crossed in the form of 'X' to prevent oscillation or lateral disturbance, in addition said cross-linking allows multiple tracks and varied directions for trains , instead of being limited to only one sense.
La patente U.S. Pat. No. 4,069,765 otorgado a Gerhard Muller el 24 de Enero 1978 detalla a un vagón motorizado suspendido por un sistema de cable de suspensión sin anclajes entre segmentos, cuyos vagones viajan en un cable sostenido por otro cable de suspensión extendido entre múltiples torres o pilones. La presente invención es más segura porque incorpora un anclaje como parte de cada segmento, la cual permite que cada segmento cuente con su propio sistema de cables de suspensión y anclajes para soportar cargas excesivamente pesadas.  U.S. Patent Pat. No. 4,069,765 issued to Gerhard Muller on January 24, 1978 details a motorized car suspended by a suspension cable system without anchors between segments, whose cars travel in a cable supported by another suspension cable extended between multiple towers or pylons. The present invention is safer because it incorporates an anchor as part of each segment, which allows each segment to have its own system of suspension cables and anchors to withstand excessively heavy loads.
La patente U.S. Pat. No. 6,606,954 otorgado a Ben Lamoreaux el 19 de Agosto de 2003 detalla un sistema elevado de cables. Ben utiliza una sistema de cables soportados por un cable principal el cual soporta el vagón y además integra varios métodos para eliminar la deformación por el peso del vagón, Lamoreaux no intenta el resolver el problema de tramos más largos o como prevenir la oscilación horizontal. La presente invención puede extenderse a grandes distancias porque está basada en la estructura de suspensión por cables para puentes, no en el sistema de cables de torre a segmento como el sistema de Lamoreaux.  U.S. Patent Pat. No. 6,606,954 issued to Ben Lamoreaux on August 19, 2003 details an elevated cable system. Ben uses a system of cables supported by a main cable which supports the car and also integrates several methods to eliminate deformation by the weight of the car, Lamoreaux does not try to solve the problem of longer sections or how to prevent horizontal oscillation. The present invention can be extended over great distances because it is based on the suspension structure by cable for bridges, not on the tower-to-segment cable system such as the Lamoreaux system.
Ninguna de las patentes anteriores, tomadas individualmente o en combinación, puede describir la presente invención como esta descrita aquí. None of the foregoing patents, taken individually or in combination, can describe the present invention as described herein.
Problema técnico a solucionar Technical problem to solve
Los trenes subterráneos, autobuses y tranvías constituyen los medios principales para transporte en las grandes ciudades porque proveen el traslado de miles de ciudadanos a sus múltiples destinos, en ciudades de alta densidad los trenes subterráneos son preferibles porque no interrumpen el tráfico en las calles, pero desgraciadamente el costo asociado con este sistema es muy alto, en su lugar se han adaptado otros medios de transporte como autobuses o tranvías al nivel de la calles, pero este sistema, aunque menos costoso, interfiere con el tráfico vehicular y presenta un riesgo de colisiones y accidentes con otros vehículos, especialmente en ciudades con poblaciones grandes donde el trafico ya constituye un problema.  Underground trains, buses and trams are the main means of transportation in large cities because they provide the transfer of thousands of citizens to their multiple destinations, in high-density cities underground trains are preferable because they do not disrupt traffic on the streets, but Unfortunately, the cost associated with this system is very high, instead other means of transport such as buses or trams have been adapted to the street level, but this system, although less expensive, interferes with vehicular traffic and presents a risk of collisions and accidents with other vehicles, especially in cities with large populations where traffic is already a problem.
Solución Técnica Technical Solution
La presente invención propone un sistema de monorrieles elevados usando un novedoso método para usar cables de suspensión y anclajes, esto se hace construyendo múltiples segmentos redundantes e idénticos uno a otro donde cada segmento proporciona soporte a los segmentos anexos, y donde los anclajes (requeridos para cualquier estructura de cables de suspensión) forman parte de las torres principales, de manera que cada par de torres de cada segmento funciona como anclaje para los segmentos contiguos, ahorrando valioso espacio y creando así una series de segmentos conectados e interdependientes el cual se puede extender por distancias prácticamente ilimitadas. Las vías de las cuales se sustenta el monorriel cuelgan de los cables principales de suspensión por medio de cables secundarios o colgantes que descienden de los cables principales directamente a las vías. The present invention proposes an elevated monorail system using a novel method to use suspension cables and anchors, this is done by constructing multiple redundant and identical segments to each other where each segment provides support to the attached segments, and where the anchors (required for any suspension cable structure) are part of the towers main, so that each pair of towers of each segment functions as an anchor for adjacent segments, saving valuable space and thus creating a series of connected and interdependent segments which can be extended for virtually unlimited distances. The tracks on which the monorail is supported hang from the main suspension cables by means of secondary or hanging cables that descend from the main cables directly to the tracks.
La presente invención podría ser el principal medio de transporte para todas las principales ciudades, ya que representa una alternativa que no altera las vías terrestres, es rápido de construir y tiene un costo mucho menor a cualquier sistema subterráneo  The present invention could be the main means of transport for all major cities, as it represents an alternative that does not alter land roads, is fast to build and has a much lower cost to any underground system
Ventajas de la invención  Advantages of the invention
La presente invención tiene muchas ventajas favorables, entre ellas es que el impacto visual de este sistema sobre las calles urbanas es mínimo, porque a diferencia de los trenes elevados en existencia, aquí la distancia entre las torres o pilones de soporte es más grande que usando el sistema común de vigas y columnas, de manera que el presente invento elimina los efectos negativos en las calles como la apropiación de varios carriles centrales, así como la obstrucción del cielo y degradación de los bienes y raíces que ocurren siempre que se construye una autopista elevada en un ambiente urbano. Con la presente invención el área del cielo que se bloquea es mínima, ya que consiste solamente en los cables principales, cables secundarios y las vías de las cuales cuelga el monorriel, la cuales son sumamente estrechas y angostas. The present invention has many favorable advantages, among them is that the visual impact of this system on urban streets is minimal, because unlike the elevated trains in existence, here the distance between the support towers or pylons is larger than using the common system of beams and columns, so that the present invention eliminates the negative effects on the streets such as the appropriation of several central lanes, as well as the obstruction of the sky and degradation of the real estate that occur whenever a highway is built elevated in an urban environment. With the present invention the area of the sky that is blocked is minimal, since it consists only of the main cables, secondary cables and the tracks on which the monorail hangs, which are extremely narrow and narrow.
Otra ventaja de la presente invención es que se puede construir sobre cualquier calle urbana existente sin interrumpir ni perturbar el tráfico vehicular ni de peatones, ya que el único elemento presente a nivel de la calle son los pilones o torres, las cuales se construyen por pares y consisten de uno o dos pares por cuadra o bloque urbano, en comparación de media docena o más usando el típico sistema de vigas y columnas, además, dichas torres o pilones se ubicarían en el carril dedicado al estacionamiento, para permitir la circulación normal en las banquetas y las calles, este tipo de innovaciones son las que hacen que este invento sea ideal para las ciudades de alta densidad, donde la interrupción del tráfico en las calles debe de ser mínima.  Another advantage of the present invention is that it can be built on any existing urban street without interrupting or disturbing vehicular or pedestrian traffic, since the only element present at street level is the pylons or towers, which are built in pairs and consist of one or two pairs per block or urban block, compared to half a dozen or more using the typical system of beams and columns, in addition, said towers or pylons would be located in the lane dedicated to the parking lot, to allow normal circulation in the sidewalks and the streets, these types of innovations are what make this invention ideal for high-density cities, where traffic disruption in the streets must be minimal.
Descripción de los Dibujos Description of the Drawings
El objetivo de la presente invención no es definir la forma de la vía o de los vagones, ni la manera de conectar las vías a los vagones, ni tampoco el sistema de propulsión de estos vagones, el único objetivo de este invento es la estructura para soportar las vías del monorriel elevado, la vía y los vagones pueden tomar cualquier forma, pero para fines ilustrativos se usara una vía cuyo perfil tiene la forma de una 'T'" invertida, cuyos áreas horizontales soportan una multitud de pares de llantas en cada lado, dichas vías corren a lo largo de toda la línea del monorriel.  The objective of the present invention is not to define the shape of the track or the wagons, nor the way to connect the tracks to the wagons, nor the propulsion system of these wagons, the only objective of this invention is the structure for to support the elevated monorail tracks, the track and wagons can take any form, but for illustrative purposes a track will be used whose profile is in the form of an inverted 'T', whose horizontal areas support a multitude of pairs of tires on each On the other hand, these routes run along the entire line of the monorail.
La Figura 1 es una vista panorámica de la estructura completa la cual provee una vista del presente invento como se vería si fuera construido en una típica ciudad. La Figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva de un solo segmento de la estructura, en esta figura los componentes más importantes son claramente visibles, asi como la calle, las casas y los vehículos también son evidentes. Figure 1 is a panoramic view of the entire structure which provides a view of the present invention as it would look if it were built in a typical city. Figure 2 is a perspective view of a single segment of the structure, in this figure the most important components are clearly visible, as well as the street, houses and vehicles are also evident.
La Figura 3 es una vista de perfil de un segmento de la estructura y describe los componentes de esta en más detalle, los vehículos son visibles pero las casas se han eliminado para una vista más clara. La Figura 4 es una vista superior de las torres o pilones así como parte cada segmento, esta vista muestra los cables de suspensión del sistema así como las vías y los vagones, y muestra claramente las conexiones de los cables a las vías y torres.  Figure 3 is a profile view of a segment of the structure and describes its components in more detail, the vehicles are visible but the houses have been removed for a clearer view. Figure 4 is a top view of the towers or pylons as well as part of each segment, this view shows the suspension cables of the system as well as the tracks and wagons, and clearly shows the cable connections to the tracks and towers.
La Figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva de las torres desde el nivel de la calle, así como uno de los vagones parcialmente visible, las casas se han eliminado para una vista más clara.  Figure 5 is a perspective view of the towers from street level, as well as one of the partially visible wagons, the houses have been removed for a clearer view.
La Figura 6 también es una vista en perspectiva de las torres desde el nivel de la calle, esta figura es desde un punto de vista como si fuera vista por un peatón, en esta vista las conexiones de los cables y las vigas son claramente visibles, los vagones se ha eliminado para una vista más clara.  Figure 6 is also a perspective view of the towers from street level, this figure is from a point of view as if it were seen by a pedestrian, in this view the cable connections and the beams are clearly visible, The wagons have been removed for a clearer view.
La Figura 7 es una Perspectiva Lateral de la estructura, esta figura muestra claramente el vagón, las vías y la calle, pero las casas y los vehículos se han eliminado para una vista más clara. Figure 7 is a Lateral Perspective of the structure, this figure clearly shows the car, the tracks and the street, but the houses and vehicles have been removed for a clearer view.
La Figura 8 es una Perspectiva superior de la estructura, en esta figura las torres, anclajes y los cables son claramente visibles, asimismo uno de los vagones es parcialmente visible.  Figure 8 is a top perspective of the structure, in this figure the towers, anchors and cables are clearly visible, also one of the wagons is partially visible.
En Referencia a la FIGURA 1 : Esta es un paisaje de una ciudad común con la presente invención construida en una de las calles, esta figura es solo para ilustrar la estructura y por lo tanto no se señala ninguno de los componentes. Referring to FIGURE 1: This is a landscape of a common city with the present invention built in one of the streets, this figure is only to illustrate the structure and therefore none of the components are indicated.
En Referencia a la FIGURA 2. Esta vista muestra claramente un segmento de la estructura visto de perfil. Similar a una estructura de puentes conocida como "puente colgante", el presente invento consiste de dos Pilones o Torres 5 por segmento, los cuales sostienen y mantienen tensados los cables principales 1 1, los cuales son muy importantes para esta invención porque soportan todo el peso de los vagones 15. Sin embargo, en la presente invención los anclajes 7 necesarios en el sistema se han colocado adyacentes o contiguos a los pilones o torres 5, manteniendo el ángulo del cable 1 1 a cada lado de los pilones 5 gracias a una estructura de sostén triangular 6 situada en el área superior del pilón 5. Esto es diferente al sistema típico de "puentes colgantes" donde los anclajes 7 se encuentran alejados de los pilones o torres 5 ocupando más espacio valioso y necesario para la ciudad, con el uso de esta novedosa estructura de sostén triangular 6 se obtiene la misma rigidez estructural ocupando menos terreno.  Referring to FIGURE 2. This view clearly shows a segment of the structure seen in profile. Similar to a bridge structure known as a "suspension bridge", the present invention consists of two Pylons or Towers 5 per segment, which hold and hold the main cables 1 1, which are very important for this invention because they support all the weight of the wagons 15. However, in the present invention the necessary anchors 7 in the system have been placed adjacent or adjacent to the pylons or towers 5, maintaining the angle of the cable 1 1 on each side of the pylons 5 thanks to a triangular support structure 6 located in the upper area of the pylon 5. This is different from the typical system of "suspension bridges" where the anchors 7 are located away from the pylons or towers 5 occupying more valuable and necessary space for the city, with the Using this novel triangular support structure 6, the same structural rigidity is obtained occupying less ground.
Los cables principales 1 1 sostienen las vías 12 mediante cables secundarios verticales 16 que corren desde ciertas múltiples posiciones 8 en los cables principales 1 1 hacia la vía 12, dichos cables secundarios horizontales son llamados "tirantes" 16. Los cables principales 1 1 corren de segmento a segmento y comienzan en un anclaje 7, de ahí hacia la estructura de sostén triangular 6 y luego hacia el pináculo o punto más alto de la torre 5 donde cruzan al otro lado y de allí se atraviesan con otro cable principal contrapuesto 11 en una entrecruzan! iento (con forma de una 'X' visto desde arriba) o bifurcación 13 y de ahí siguen la totalidad del segmento hasta la torre 5 opuesta, y de regreso, hacia otra estructura de sostén triangular 6 y de ahí hasta su anclaje respectivo 7, Cada segmento como el que se describe aquí es copiado o imitado de forma idéntica a lo largo de todo el sistema. The main cables 1 1 support the tracks 12 by means of vertical secondary cables 16 that run from certain multiple positions 8 in the main cables 1 1 to the track 12, said horizontal secondary cables are called "braces" 16. The main cables 1 1 run from segment by segment and begin at an anchor 7, from there to the triangular support structure 6 and then to the pinnacle or highest point of the tower 5 where they cross to the other side and from there they cross with another opposite main cable 11 at a crossroads! iento (in the form of an 'X' seen from above) or fork 13 and from there follow the entire segment to the opposite tower 5, and back, to another triangular support structure 6 and from there to its respective anchor 7, Each segment like the one described here is copied or imitated identically throughout the entire system.
Debido a este sistema de soportes reiterativo y redundante de los cables principales 1 1, no es posible construir un sólo segmento, es necesario y obligatorio construir una serie de múltiples segmentos idénticos de manera que cada uno proporcione sustentación estructural a los adyacentes, solo las estaciones o terminales para carga y descarga de pasajeros interrumpirán este sistema, el cual en teoría podría extenderse infinitamente.  Due to this repetitive and redundant support system of the main cables 1 1, it is not possible to build a single segment, it is necessary and mandatory to build a series of multiple identical segments so that each one provides structural support to the adjacent ones, only the stations or terminals for loading and unloading passengers will interrupt this system, which could theoretically extend infinitely.
Cada segmento tiene dos cables principales 1 1, dichos cables principales 11 se entrecruzan a la mitad del segmento creando una forma de 'X' vista desde arriba, haciendo uso de una abrazadera o sujetador 13, esto impide el desplazamiento o meneo lateral de las vías debido al viento, terremotos u otros factores, Asimismo existen un grupo de cables terciarios 17 que salen de la parte superior de la torre 5 directamente a la vía 12, similar al sistema de puentes conocido como "puente atirantado", lo cual hace la vía más rígida al peso y previene deformación en el caso de que dos monorrieles 15 se detengan en el mismo punto. Dichos tirantes 17 son muy recomendados aunque opcionales, la presente invención puede ser construida sin ellos.  Each segment has two main cables 1 1, said main cables 11 intersect in the middle of the segment creating a form of 'X' seen from above, using a clamp or fastener 13, this prevents the displacement or lateral wiggling of the tracks due to wind, earthquakes or other factors, there is also a group of tertiary cables 17 that leave the top of tower 5 directly to track 12, similar to the bridge system known as "cable-stayed bridge", which makes the way more rigid to the weight and prevents deformation in the event that two monorails 15 stop at the same point. Said braces 17 are highly recommended although optional, the present invention can be constructed without them.
La función de la estructura de sostén triangular 6 es muy importante porque se ubica entre el anclaje 7 o base y el pináculo de la torre, y su función es el crear el mismo ángulo o inclinación del cable principal 1 1 en ambos lados de la torre 5, lo cual es fundamental para hacer que la carga se distribuya igualmente a ambos lados de la torre 5, haciendo que la carga de la torre 5 sea perfectamente de manera vertical hacia abajo hacia el suelo, si el cable principal 1 1 tiene un ángulo o carga diferente a cualquier lado de la torre 5, entonces la carga no se transferirá perfectamente hacia abajo y esto ocasionaría que la torre 5 pierda balance y se deforme o incline, provocando falla estructural del sistema o colapsándose. Esto es también similar a lo que ocurriría con el sistema de los "puentes colgantes".  The function of the triangular support structure 6 is very important because it is located between the anchor 7 or base and the pinnacle of the tower, and its function is to create the same angle or inclination of the main cable 1 1 on both sides of the tower 5, which is essential to make the load equally distributed on both sides of the tower 5, making the load of the tower 5 perfectly vertically down towards the ground, if the main cable 1 1 has an angle or different load on either side of tower 5, then the load will not transfer perfectly downwards and this would cause tower 5 to lose balance and deform or tilt, causing structural failure of the system or collapsing. This is also similar to what would happen with the "suspension bridges" system.
Las figuras sucesivas describen e ilustran en más detalle el área superior de la torre donde se encuentra la estructura de sostén triangular 6 y el pináculo de la torre 5.  The successive figures describe and illustrate in more detail the upper area of the tower where the triangular support structure 6 and the pinnacle of the tower 5 is located.
En Referencia a la FIGURA 3: Esta figura es una vista de perfil de un segmento, las casas y edificios se han removido para una vista más clara, presentes en esta figura están los cables principales 1 1, los pilones o torres S, los anclajes 7 y la vía 12, así como los cables secundarios llamados "tirantes" 16 y los cables terciarios 17 así como otros componentes, la estructura de sostén triangular 6 no es claramente visible y se ilustrará en más detalle en la Figura S. Es importante mencionar que el cable principal 1 1, no se observa en esta vista de manera clara, y no es de longitud ilimitada, sino que va de segmento a segmento, cada segmento tiene dos cables principales 11 los cuales se entrecruzan 13 en la mitad del segmento, cada uno de los cables principales 11 de cada segmento sigue el mismo recorrido, cada uno originando y terminando en un anclaje 7 antes de pasar por la estructura de sostén triangular 6 y de ahí al pináculo del pilón o torre 5 hacia su bifurcación 13 y continuando en orden opuesto. En Referencia a la FIGURA 4: Esta figura es una vista superior de la estructura, en esta se observan los mismos elementos que en las figuras anteriores así como otros no claramente visibles previamente, uno de ellos, son los cables terciarios 17 que corren desde la parte superior de los pilones o torres S hasta las vías 12 para dar estabilidad horizontal y prevenir deformaciones en el caso de ambos trenes 15 circulen en la misma área al mismo tiempo, dichos tirantes 17 actuarán como si fueran los cables de soporte en un "puente atirantado" e impedirán la deformación de las vías 12 bajo el peso de los vagones 15. Referring to FIGURE 3: This figure is a profile view of a segment, houses and buildings have been removed for a clearer view, present in this figure are the main cables 1 1, the pylons or towers S, the anchors 7 and track 12, as well as the secondary cables called "braces" 16 and the tertiary cables 17 as well as other components, the triangular support structure 6 is not clearly visible and will be illustrated in more detail in Figure S. It is important to mention that the main cable 1 1, is not clearly seen in this view, and is not unlimited in length, but goes from segment by segment, each segment has two main cables 11 which intersect 13 in the middle of the segment, each of the main cables 11 of each segment follows the same path, each originating and ending in an anchor 7 before going through the triangular support structure 6 and from there to the pinnacle of the pylon or tower 5 towards its fork 13 and continuing in opposite order. Referring to FIGURE 4: This figure is a top view of the structure, in this the same elements as in the previous figures are observed as well as others not clearly visible previously, one of them, are the tertiary cables 17 that run from the upper part of the pylons or towers S to the tracks 12 to give horizontal stability and prevent deformations in the case of both trains 15 circulating in the same area at the same time, said braces 17 will act as if they were the support cables in a "bridge cable-stayed "and will prevent deformation of the tracks 12 under the weight of the wagons 15.
También visible en esta figura son las vigas principales 4 que unen o conectan los pares de pilones o torres 5 de cada segmento, esta viga 4 es muy importante porque previene que las torres se inclinen o deformen hacia la vía hacia sí mismas o hacia el lado opuesto, hacia afuera, para proveer mayor estabilidad se recomienda usar dos vigas paralelas en lugar de una sola, o para más refuerzo, una estructura de acero reticulada, o un armazón o entramado con estructuras triangulares como conexión, esto daría a los pilones o torres 5 refuerzo adicional en el caso trenes sumamente pesados.  Also visible in this figure are the main beams 4 that join or connect the pairs of pylons or towers 5 of each segment, this beam 4 is very important because it prevents the towers from tilting or deforming towards the track towards themselves or towards the side opposite, outwards, to provide greater stability it is recommended to use two parallel beams instead of one, or for more reinforcement, a reticulated steel structure, or a framework or truss with triangular structures as connection, this would give the pylons or towers 5 additional reinforcement in the case of extremely heavy trains.
En Referencia a la FIGURAS de la 5 a la 7: En estas figuras se observan los pilones o torres 5 desde varios puntos de vista lo cual muestra claramente todos los elementos y componentes de la estructura. especialmente los cables terciarios 17 que unen la parte superior de los pilones o torres 5 a las vías 12 para mayor refuerzo. La combinación de elementos de 'puentes colgantes' y de 'puentes atirantados' da la estructura una mayor resistencia a la deformación debido al peso de los vagones o elementos externos (viento, terremotos) además de proveer redundancia, es decir, componentes que duplican la misma tarea en caso de que alguno de ellos se dañe o falle. Referring to FIGURES 5 through 7: In these figures the pylons or towers 5 are observed from various points of view which clearly shows all the elements and components of the structure. especially the tertiary cables 17 that join the upper part of the pylons or towers 5 to the tracks 12 for greater reinforcement. The combination of elements of 'suspension bridges' and 'cable-stayed bridges' gives the structure greater resistance to deformation due to the weight of the wagons or external elements (wind, earthquakes) in addition to providing redundancy, that is, components that duplicate the same task in case any of them is damaged or fails.
También son observables los travesanos 19 que tienen la función de vincular las vías en caso de que existan dos o más vías, dichos travesanos 19 actúan de manera similar a durmientes en rieles terrestres y tienen la función de conectar las vías 12 a los cables principales 11 por medio de los cables tirantes 16. Como se puede apreciar en estas figuras, las vías 12 no se conectan directamente con los cables tirantes 16, sino que la vía 12 se conecta al travesano 19 y este a los cables tirantes 16, esto es debido a que las vías 12 no se encuentran directamente debajo de los cables principales 1 1 sino a dispares y distintas distancias, y el conectarlos directamente crearía tensión excesiva, deformación y stress de dichos tirantes 16. Es por eso que los cables tirantes 16 se conectan a los travesanos 19 y estos a las vías 12 con la finalidad de conservar los cables colgantes 16 en posición perfectamente vertical. Dichos tirantes 16 y travesanos 19 se localizan en múltiples intervalos equidistantes a lo largo del segmento En Referencia a la FIGURA 8: Esta figura es un acercamiento al pilón o torre 5 como si fuera visto desde arriba. La calle y los vehículos se han removido para una vista más clara. Además de observar con claridad la totalidad de los componentes de este invento, en esta vista se aprecia claramente que los dos cables principales 1 1 se entrecruzan en el pináculo de la torre 5 en su camino de los segmentos a sus anclajes 7, pasando por la estructura de sostén triangular 6, esta vista es importante porque hace evidente que la longitud de los cables principales 1 1 es equivalente a solo un segmento dentro de todo el sistema, (de torre S a torre 5) y no a toda la longitud del sistema, También es importante apreciar que la estructura de sostén triangular 6 está unida al pilón o torre 5 mediante vigas o soportes que la mantienen firmemente en su posición. Also observable are the crossbars 19 which have the function of linking the tracks in case there are two or more tracks, said crossbars 19 act similarly to sleepers on land rails and have the function of connecting the tracks 12 to the main cables 11 by means of the tie wires 16. As can be seen in these figures, the tracks 12 do not connect directly with the tie wires 16, but the track 12 connects to the crossbar 19 and this to the tie wires 16, this is due that the tracks 12 are not directly below the main cables 1 1 but at different distances and different distances, and connecting them directly would create excessive tension, deformation and stress of said straps 16. That is why the stranded cables 16 are connected to the crossbars 19 and these to the tracks 12 in order to keep the hanging cables 16 in a perfectly vertical position. Said braces 16 and crossbars 19 are located at multiple equidistant intervals throughout the segment. Referring to FIGURE 8: This figure is an approach to the pylon or tower 5 as if viewed from above. The street and vehicles have been removed for a clearer view. In addition to clearly observing all the components of this invention, in this view it is clearly seen that the two main cables 1 1 intersect at the pinnacle of the tower 5 on its way from the segments to its anchors 7, passing through the Triangular support structure 6, this view is important because it makes clear that the length of the main cables 1 1 is equivalent to only one segment within the entire system, (from tower S to tower 5) and not to the entire system length It is also important to appreciate that the triangular support structure 6 is attached to the pylon or tower 5 by beams or supports that hold it firmly in position.
Para tener más estabilidad y rigidez bajo el peso de los vagones 15, se recomienda que el área superior de la vía 12 sea reforzadas por una estructura de armazón reticulada o estructura entramada (no ilustrada aquí), unida verticalmente en la parte superior de la vía 12, esto proporcionará más rigidez estructural y evitara que las vías se deformen o alteren su forma bajo el peso de los vagones 15 cuando estos viajen a su máxima capacidad. Esto es en suplemento a los ya mencionados cables tirantes 17 los cuales ya se encuentran presentes en las figuras. In order to have more stability and rigidity under the weight of the wagons 15, it is recommended that the upper area of the track 12 be reinforced by a reticulated frame structure or lattice structure (not illustrated here), joined vertically at the top of the track 12, this will provide more structural rigidity and prevent the tracks from deforming or altering their shape under the weight of the wagons 15 when they travel to their maximum capacity. This is in supplement to the aforementioned brace cables 17 which are already present in the figures.
En esta figura también se puede observar que los anclajes 7 se posicionan a ambos lados de los pilones o torres S, esto también tiene como función el proteger los pilones 5 en caso de colisión vehicular, ya que los anclajes 7 serán construidos con cemento de gran espesor reforzado con varillas, esto le dará a la torre 5 amplia protección en caso de vehículos fuera de control.  In this figure it can also be seen that the anchors 7 are positioned on both sides of the pylons or towers S, this also has the function of protecting the pylons 5 in case of vehicular collision, since the anchors 7 will be constructed with large cement reinforced thickness with rods, this will give the tower 5 ample protection in case of out of control vehicles.
Es importante resaltar que el objetivo de la presente invención no es la forma de las vías, estas pueden tomar diferentes formas de acuerdo a las preferencias y circunstancias de cada país y ciudad. Para fines ilustrativos en estas figuras, se usará un tipo común de vía para monorrieles colgantes, dicha vía tiene forma de T invertida en la cual las ruedas o llantas de los vagones 15 circulan sobre el área horizontal de las áreas de la T invertida de la vía, tal como algunos vagones en los parques de diversiones. It is important to highlight that the objective of the present invention is not the shape of the roads, these can take different forms according to the preferences and circumstances of each country and city. For illustrative purposes in these figures, a common type of track will be used for hanging monorails, said track is in the form of an inverted T in which the wheels or wheels of the cars 15 circulate over the horizontal area of the areas of the inverted T of the track, such as some wagons in amusement parks.
Esta configuración o disposición es la recomendada por ser una de las más seguras pero de ninguna manera es obligatoria ni forzosa, existen muchos tipos y formas de vías que pueden ser usadas.  This configuration or arrangement is recommended because it is one of the safest but in no way is it mandatory or forced, there are many types and forms of roads that can be used.
La presente invención establece o define solamente la estructura de soporte y configuración para sostener la vía o vías, y deja el campo abierto para diferentes formas, aspectos y apariencias no solamente para las vías o el número de estas, sino para el diseño y numero de vagones así como el número de llantas o ruedas para cada vagón, método de propulsión de los vagones y numero de estos, así como la altura de las vías sobre la calle. The present invention establishes or defines only the support structure and configuration to support the track or tracks, and leaves the field open for different shapes, aspects and appearances not only for the tracks or the number of these, but for the design and number of wagons as well as the number of tires or wheels for each car, method of propulsion of the wagons and number of these, as well as the height of the tracks on the street.
Se entiende que se pueden hacer varias modificaciones al diseño de la estructura tanto en los detalles como los materiales a usar, tamaño de algunas partes y otros puntos mínimos de la estructura, la cual se ha descrito aquí en su modo básico y fundamental y puede ser modificada en algunos puntos durante su aplicación y construcción dependiendo de la región, el espacio disponible y el presupuesto, todo esto sin modificar ni alterar la naturaleza básica del presente invento. It is understood that several modifications can be made to the design of the structure both in the details and the materials to be used, size of some parts and other minimum points of the structure, which has been described here in its basic and fundamental mode and can be modified in some points during its application and construction depending on the region, the available space and the budget, all this without modifying or altering the basic nature of the present invention.
Mejor modo para la presente invención Best mode for the present invention
El mejor modo contemplado por el inventor para llevar a cabo la presente invención, es el construir la estructura descrita anteriormente encima de cualquier calle urbana existente, de preferencia calles rectas sin curvas y con pocas desviaciones, plana o con pocas elevaciones y con pocos arboles con ramas que. no estén directamente encima de la calle, con o sin edificios altos ya que estos no alteran ni afectan la estructura, en el contexto urbano de una ciudad el presente invento tendrá dos vías, una para cada sentido de los trenes, la calle sobre de la cual se construirá el presente invento preferentemente tendrá de 3 a 5 carriles, o mas siempre y cuando exista un camellón o divisor cada 4 carriles, ya que esta es la longitud transversal aproximada para la estructura y es la distancia para que los trenes se desplacen de manera segura en cada dirección, La presente invención consiste de dos pilones o torres colocados en ambos lados de la calle, si esta es más ancha, un pilón o torre en la acera y otro en el camellón o divisor de la calle. También es importante que las aceras o banquetas no sean angostas y de preferencia tan anchas como el equivalente a 2 o más carriles.  The best way contemplated by the inventor to carry out the present invention is to construct the structure described above on any existing urban street, preferably straight streets without curves and with few deviations, flat or with few elevations and with few trees with branches that. they are not directly above the street, with or without tall buildings since these do not alter or affect the structure, in the urban context of a city the present invention will have two tracks, one for each direction of the trains, the street on the which will be constructed the present invention preferably will have 3 to 5 lanes, or more as long as there is a ridge or divider every 4 lanes, since this is the approximate transverse length for the structure and is the distance for trains to travel from safely in each direction, The present invention consists of two pylons or towers placed on both sides of the street, if it is wider, a pylon or tower on the sidewalk and another on the ridge or divider of the street. It is also important that sidewalks or sidewalks are not narrow and preferably as wide as the equivalent of 2 or more lanes.
Debido a la gran fortaleza de las estructuras de 'puentes colgantes1 es posible construir un par de pilones o torres en cada cuadra o bloque urbano, cada pilón o torre será aproximadamente 6 o 7 pisos de altura, como se puede apreciar en la figura 1, para situar las vías a 4 pisos o más de altura para permitir el paso seguro de autobuses, camiones de carga, etc. debajo de ellas. Los pilones o torres S se construirán preferentemente en el carril dedicado al estacionamiento de vehículos, esto con el fin de mantener las aceras libres para la circulación de peatones, como se puede apreciar en la Figura 7. Por último, las estaciones o andenes de este monorriel elevado se construirán arriba de la calle, con el área de carga/descarga de pasajeros situado sobre el área del carril de estacionamiento y construyendo escaleras/elevadores de acceso directamente desde las banquetas y aceras, esto es las estaciones no perturben en el tráfico vehicular sin importar el tamaño de la estación. Due to the great strength of the structures of 'suspension bridges 1 it is possible to build a pair of pylons or towers in each block or urban block, each pylon or tower will be approximately 6 or 7 stories high, as can be seen in Figure 1 , to place the tracks at 4 floors or more in height to allow the safe passage of buses, cargo trucks, etc. under them. The pylons or towers S will preferably be built in the lane dedicated to the parking of vehicles, this in order to keep the sidewalks free for the movement of pedestrians, as can be seen in Figure 7. Finally, the stations or platforms of this Elevated monorail will be built up the street, with the passenger loading / unloading area located above the parking lane area and building stairs / elevators directly from the sidewalks and sidewalks, that is the stations do not disturb in vehicular traffic regardless of the size of the station.
Aplicación Industrial Industrial Application
El Inventor considera que la presente invención es un adelanto muy importante en materia de transporte urbano porque es un modo de transporte simple, de bajo costo y rápido de construir y además de limitada obstrucción e inconveniente en las calles urbanas, a diferencia de otros medios de transporte como trenes ligeros, trenes subterráneos, autobuses de transporte, etc. La desventaja de los trenes subterráneos es que son muy costosos de construir, y crear trenes ligeros circulando en avenidas y calles urbanas presenta un riesgo de colisiones y accidentes, además de ocupar carriles de circulación. Los monorrieles elevados como el presente invento son ideales para cualquier centro urbano de alta densidad. Recientemente las ciudades en todo el mundo han decidido crear grandes proyectos de trenes subterráneos para transportar la creciente población metropolitana, la cual se ha duplicado en unas cuantas décadas y sigue creciendo, pero teniendo en cuenta el inmenso costo de estos proyectos hace el número de estaciones sea limitado o que dichas ciudades entren en inmensas deudas, el presente invento podría solucionar todos estos problemas y revolucionar el transporte urbano como ningún método de transporte lo ha hecho anteriormente. The Inventor considers that the present invention is a very important advance in urban transport because it is a simple mode of transport, low cost and quick to build and in addition to limited obstruction and inconvenience in urban streets, unlike other means of transport such as light trains, underground trains, transport buses, etc. The disadvantage of underground trains is that they are very expensive to build, and creating light trains circulating on avenues and urban streets presents a risk of collisions and accidents, in addition to occupying traffic lanes. Elevated monorails such as the present invention are ideal for any high density urban center. Recently cities around the world have decided to create large underground train projects to transport the growing metropolitan population, which has doubled in a few decades and continues to grow, but considering the immense cost of these projects makes the number of stations limited or that these cities go into huge debts, the present invention could solve all these problems and revolutionize urban transport like no other Transportation method has done it previously.

Claims

Reivindicaciones Habiéndose descrito la invención como antecede, se reclama como propiedad lo contenido en las siguientes reivindicaciones: Claims Having described the invention as above, the contents of the following claims are claimed as property:
1. Una estructura redundante de cables de suspensión interconectados que soportan una vía o vías rígidas por donde circula un monorriel elevado, caracterizado por:  1. A redundant structure of interconnected suspension cables that support a rigid track or tracks through which an elevated monorail circulates, characterized by:
(a) Una vía o vías rígidas, colocada longitudinalmente a gran distancia del suelo, por donde cuelga y circula un monorriel.  (a) A rigid track or tracks, placed longitudinally at a great distance from the ground, where a monorail hangs and circulates.
(b) Una sucesión o serie de pilones o torres sosteniendo o sustentando la estructura que soporta dicha vía; dichas torres están ordenadas en pares, dichos pares son unidos por vigas horizontales perpendiculares a la vía, dichos pares de pilones o torres están colocados a una distancia aproximada'' de una cuadra o bloque urbano uno de otro. (b) A succession or series of pylons or towers supporting or supporting the structure that supports said route; said towers are arranged in pairs, said pairs are joined by horizontal beams perpendicular to the track, said pairs of pylons or towers are placed at an approximate distance '' of one block or urban block from each other.
(c) Un par de cables de suspensión por cada segmento, dichos cables inician y terminan en un anclaje, dichos cables se extienden de torre a torre-opuesta entrecruzándose a la mitad del segmento.  (c) A pair of suspension cables for each segment, said cables start and end at an anchor, said cables extend from tower to tower-opposite intersecting in the middle of the segment.
(d) Un conjunto de anclajes y torres, según la reivindicación 1, donde los anclajes se encuentran a ambos lados de la base de cada torre o pilón para minimizar el espacio requerido y proveer protección contra impactos vehiculares.  (d) A set of anchors and towers, according to claim 1, wherein the anchors are located on both sides of the base of each tower or pylon to minimize the space required and provide protection against vehicular impacts.
(e) Una estructura de sostén triangular situada en el área superior de la torre, dicha estructura triangular sirve como guia o soporte para los cables de suspensión en segmentos contiguos para que corran entre el pináculo del pilón o torre y sus respectivos anclajes, dicha estructura triangular define el ángulo diagonal correcto para el cable de suspensión a ambos lados de los pilones o torres.  (e) A triangular support structure located in the upper area of the tower, said triangular structure serves as a guide or support for the suspension cables in adjacent segments so that they run between the pinnacle of the pylon or tower and their respective anchors, said structure Triangular defines the correct diagonal angle for the suspension cable on both sides of the pylons or towers.
(0 Una multitud de cables colgantes que se extienden desde múltiples puntos de los cables de suspensión hasta unos travesanos perpendiculares los cuales sostienen la vía, dichos travesanos están espaciados longitudinalmente a distancias fijas y su Función es mantener la vía en una position elevada, horizontal y rígida sobre la calle.  (0 A multitude of hanging cables extending from multiple points of the suspension cables to perpendicular crossings which support the track, said crossings are spaced longitudinally at fixed distances and their function is to keep the track in a high, horizontal and rigid on the street.
(g) Un conjunto separado de cables tirantes, saliendo del área superior de las torres directamente hasta los travesaños que sostienen la vía, para crear rigidez y prevenir deformación de la vía bajo peso excesivo  (g) A separate set of tie wires, leaving the upper area of the towers directly to the crossbars that support the track, to create rigidity and prevent deformation of the track under excessive weight
(h) Un grillete o eslabón para sujetar o unir ambos cables de suspensión en el punto donde se entrecruzan a la mitad del segmento, formando una "X" vista desde arriba, dicho grillete o eslabón disminuye el movimiento lateral de la vía debido al viento o terremotos.  (h) A shackle or link to hold or join both suspension cables at the point where they intersect in the middle of the segment, forming an "X" seen from above, said shackle or link decreases the lateral movement of the track due to the wind or earthquakes
2. Una estructura de suspensión de cables interconectados que soportan una vía o vías rígidas por donde transita un monorriel elevado, según la reivindicación I, caracterizado por que cada segmento puede ser repetido un numero variable e ilimitado de veces entre estación y estación. debido a que cada segmento soporta o sostiene al segmento contiguo y anexo . 2. A suspension structure of interconnected cables that support a rigid track or tracks where a high monorail passes, according to claim I, characterized in that each segment can be repeated a variable and unlimited number of times between stations. because each segment supports or supports the adjoining segment and annex.
3. Una estructura de suspensión de cables interconectados que soportan una vía o vías rígidas por donde transita un monorriel elevado, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que el tren o monorriel transita o circula a una distancia segura por encima de los vehículos, camiones y peatones . 3. A suspension structure of interconnected cables supporting a rigid track or tracks where an elevated monorail passes, according to claim 1, characterized in that the train or monorail transits or circulates at a safe distance above vehicles, trucks and pedestrians
4. Una estructura de suspensión de cables interconectados que soportan una vía o vías rígidas por donde transita un monorriel elevado , según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que el número de rieles de circulación puede ser uno, dos o más. dependiendo de la necesidad específica de cada locación.  4. A suspension structure of interconnected cables supporting a rigid track or tracks where a high monorail passes, according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of circulation rails can be one, two or more. depending on the specific need of each location.
PCT/MX2015/000127 2015-09-21 2015-09-21 Structure of interconnected suspension cables for elevated monorail WO2017052352A1 (en)

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CN107460793A (en) * 2017-08-10 2017-12-12 中建空列（北京）工程设计研究院有限公司 Hang empty iron assemblyization interval structure system and its construction method
CN107724225A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-02-23 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 A kind of suspension type monorail Long span track girder system
CN108505405A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-07 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 A kind of suspension type monorail and highway bridge build structure jointly
CN109204331A (en) * 2018-09-14 2019-01-15 董恬纲 The two-way overhead suspension of single track light-duty motor-car counties and townships scenic spot traffic aisle
EP3550074A1 (en) * 2018-04-04 2019-10-09 Volker Müller Frame structure for a goods transport system and goods transport system.

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CN107460793A (en) * 2017-08-10 2017-12-12 中建空列（北京）工程设计研究院有限公司 Hang empty iron assemblyization interval structure system and its construction method
CN107724225A (en) * 2017-11-21 2018-02-23 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 A kind of suspension type monorail Long span track girder system
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CN108505405A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-07 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 A kind of suspension type monorail and highway bridge build structure jointly
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CN109204331A (en) * 2018-09-14 2019-01-15 董恬纲 The two-way overhead suspension of single track light-duty motor-car counties and townships scenic spot traffic aisle

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