WO2017050207A1 - 发电机组能效分析方法 - Google Patents
发电机组能效分析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017050207A1 WO2017050207A1 PCT/CN2016/099426 CN2016099426W WO2017050207A1 WO 2017050207 A1 WO2017050207 A1 WO 2017050207A1 CN 2016099426 W CN2016099426 W CN 2016099426W WO 2017050207 A1 WO2017050207 A1 WO 2017050207A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B23/00—Testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof
- G05B23/02—Electric testing or monitoring
- G05B23/0205—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults
- G05B23/0259—Electric testing or monitoring by means of a monitoring system capable of detecting and responding to faults characterized by the response to fault detection
- G05B23/0286—Modifications to the monitored process, e.g. stopping operation or adapting control
- G05B23/0294—Optimizing process, e.g. process efficiency, product quality
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
Definitions
- the invention relates to an energy efficiency analysis technology of a coal-fired generating set, in particular to a method for analyzing energy efficiency of a generator set.
- the energy conversion efficiency ⁇ E of the generator set is the product of various processes such as boilers and steam turbines, as shown in the following formula:
- ⁇ E ⁇ B ⁇ P ⁇ T ⁇ (1-W S /W G )
- ⁇ B is the boiler thermal efficiency
- ⁇ P is the pipeline efficiency
- ⁇ T is the turbine efficiency
- W S is the self-consumption power
- W G is the power generation.
- the energy efficiency level of the unit is expressed by the energy conversion efficiency ⁇ E , the larger the value, the better; if the power consumption coal consumption b is used, the smaller the value, the better.
- the invention provides a method for energy efficiency analysis of a generator set to accurately analyze the energy efficiency of the generator set.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for analyzing energy efficiency of a generator set, and the energy efficiency analysis method of the generator set includes:
- target value and actual value including the genset design parameters, the actual coal consumption of the boiler, the current ambient temperature, the circulating water temperature of the steam turbine, the load rate, the heat generation ratio of the steam turbine unit, the power generation of the steam turbine unit, and the performance of the unit;
- the boiler performance test, the steam turbine performance test and the plant power rate test performance test are respectively used to calculate the boiler efficiency deviation, the steam turbine unit efficiency deviation and the plant power consumption deviation, and according to the boiler efficiency deviation, the steam turbine Group efficiency deviation and plant power rate deviation calculation equipment performance deviation;
- the external condition deviation is calculated according to the actual coal burning amount of the boiler, the current ambient temperature, the circulating water temperature of the steam turbine unit, the heating power generation ratio of the steam turbine unit, and the power generation amount of the steam turbine unit, including:
- Measuring the actual coal burning amount of the boiler determining whether the deviation between the coal type of the designed coal type and the actual coal burning amount of the boiler is greater than a preset deviation value
- the change amount ⁇ q 2 of the exhaust heat loss is calculated according to the exhaust gas temperature deviation ⁇ Lv ;
- C fh is the content of fly ash combustibles of the actual coal entering the furnace, %;
- a ar is the ash content of the actual coal entering the furnace, %;
- Q ar net is the base low calorific value of the actual coal received, kJ/kg;
- q 4 is the design value of boiler solid incomplete combustion loss, %.
- the external condition deviation is calculated according to the actual coal burning amount of the boiler, the current ambient temperature, the circulating water temperature of the steam turbine unit, the heating power generation ratio of the steam turbine unit, and the power generation amount of the steam turbine unit, including:
- the turbine back pressure is obtained based on the influence of ambient temperature on the back pressure
- the total amount of influence ⁇ b of the ambient temperature on the coal consumption of the unit is calculated according to the amount of change ⁇ q 2 of the heat loss of the exhaust gas of the boiler and the difference ⁇ H R .
- the external condition deviation is calculated according to the actual coal burning amount of the boiler, the current ambient temperature, the circulating water temperature of the steam turbine unit, the heating power generation ratio of the steam turbine unit, and the power generation amount of the steam turbine unit, including:
- the amount of change ⁇ q 4 of the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids and the increase of the plant power rate are ⁇ ⁇ B is zero.
- the amount of change ⁇ q 2 of the exhaust heat loss is zero.
- the plant power consumption increase amount ⁇ ⁇ B caused by the increase in the amount of coal entering the furnace is calculated according to the difference between the power generation amount and the actual coal burning amount of the boiler and the designed coal type coal amount, including:
- the coal consumption change amount ⁇ b caused by the coal quality change is calculated according to the change amount ⁇ q 4 of the boiler solid incomplete combustion loss, the smoke heat loss change amount ⁇ q 2 , and the plant power rate increase amount ⁇ ⁇ B , including: Bringing the change in the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids, the change in the heat loss of the exhaust gas, and the increase in the power consumption rate of the boiler into the formula
- b st is the unit design coal consumption
- ⁇ B is the boiler efficiency design value
- ⁇ is the auxiliary electromechanical consumption design value.
- the boiler exhaust temperature is calculated based on the air preheater inlet air temperature and the air preheater inlet flue gas temperature. ,include:
- ⁇ En is the air preheater inlet flue gas temperature
- ⁇ Lv is the air preheater outlet flue gas temperature
- t En air preheater inlet flue gas temperature
- q 2 is the design value of the boiler exhaust heat loss at the set ambient temperature T.
- the turbine back pressure is obtained based on the influence of the ambient temperature on the back pressure, including: obtaining the turbine back pressure at the current ambient temperature according to the influence curve of the ambient temperature on the back pressure.
- the turbine back pressure is obtained based on the influence of the ambient temperature on the back pressure, including:
- the condenser outlet temperature difference is calculated based on design data under load conditions, including:
- the total amount of influence ⁇ b of the ambient temperature on the coal consumption of the unit is calculated according to the amount of change ⁇ q 2 of the heat loss of the exhaust gas of the boiler and the difference ⁇ H R , including:
- the determining q j , ⁇ j , and ⁇ j of the jth heater under each load condition includes:
- the type of the jth heater is a surface heater, determining q j , ⁇ j , and ⁇ j of the jth heater according to Formula 1;
- t j is the outlet enthalpy of the j-th heater
- t j-1 is the outlet enthalpy of the j-1th heater
- h j is the extraction enthalpy of the j-th heater
- t sj is the jth
- the outlet of the stage heater is hydrophobic
- the type of the jth heater is a pool heater, determining q j , ⁇ j , and ⁇ j of the jth heater according to Formula 2;
- t j is the outlet water enthalpy of the j-th heater
- t j-1 is the outlet water enthalpy of the j-1th heater
- h j is the extraction enthalpy of the j-th heater
- t s(j+ 1) is the hydrophobic enthalpy of the outlet of the j+1th heater.
- the equivalent enthalpy drop and extraction efficiency of the j-th heater under each load condition are calculated according to q j , ⁇ j and ⁇ j of the j-th heater under the respective load conditions. ,include:
- h C is the condensable gas enthalpy
- a i is the i-th stage of the heater or [tau] i ⁇ i
- q i 1 kg heating steam heat discharge in the i-th stage heater
- H i is the i-th stage heater Equivalent enthalpy drop
- i jm, m ⁇ 1, and i ⁇ 1
- ⁇ i is the soaring of 1 kg of water in the i-th heater
- ⁇ i is 1 kg of hydrophobic in the i-th heater The amount of heat released.
- the jth heater is a pool heater
- a i is ⁇ i
- the j heater is a surface heater
- the j-1 heater to the jm heater A i is ⁇ i
- the jm- th heater is a pool heater
- a j of the jm-1 heater to the first heater is ⁇ i .
- the information on the relationship between the extraction efficiency of the jth stage heater and the turbine load according to the cubic polynomial includes:
- ⁇ j a 1 x 3 +a 2 x 2 +a 3 x+a 4
- a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , and a 4 are constants.
- the actual load of the steam turbine unit is obtained, and the actual pumping efficiency of the j-th heater under the actual load is calculated according to the cubic polynomial corresponding to the actual load and the relationship information, including:
- the power generation amount of the steam turbine unit is acquired, and the j-th stage is calculated according to the extraction heat supply of the j-th heater, the actual pumping efficiency of the j-th heater, and the power generation amount of the steam turbine unit.
- the influence of the extraction heating of the heater on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit ⁇ H j including:
- Q j is the extraction heat supply of the j-th heater
- ⁇ j is the actual pumping efficiency of the j-th heater.
- the device performance deviation is calculated based on the boiler efficiency deviation, the steam turbine efficiency deviation, and the plant power usage deviation, including:
- the device performance curve is generated according to the load point and the coal consumption deviation of the power supply under the plurality of working conditions, and the device performance deviation is obtained according to the device performance curve under the current load.
- the coal consumption deviation ⁇ b of the power supply under the plurality of operating conditions is respectively calculated according to the boiler efficiency deviation, the turbine unit efficiency deviation, and the factory power consumption deviation, including:
- ⁇ b is the coal consumption design value
- ⁇ b is the boiler efficiency design value
- ⁇ ( ⁇ b ) is the boiler efficiency deviation
- ⁇ tb is the turbine unit efficiency design value
- ⁇ ( ⁇ tb ) is the turbine unit efficiency deviation
- the energy efficiency of the genset is calculated according to the preset weights of the two differences and the corresponding membership function, including: calculating the energy efficiency R of the genset according to the following formula:
- A is a preset weight vector of two kinds of deviations;
- the deviation of the unit coal consumption should be the value b sld and the unit coal consumption target value b obj ⁇ b obj belongs to the degree of membership of the first to fifth levels;
- the deviation of the unit coal consumption should be the value b sld and the actual coal consumption actual value b act ⁇ b act belongs to the degree of membership of the first to fifth levels.
- the energy efficiency of the genset is calculated according to the preset weights of the two differences and the corresponding membership function, including: calculating the energy efficiency R of the genset according to the following formula:
- A is a preset weight vector of two kinds of deviations;
- the deviation of the unit efficiency ⁇ sld from the unit efficiency target value ⁇ obj ⁇ obj belongs to the membership degree of the first level to the fifth level respectively;
- the deviation of the unit efficiency ⁇ sld from the actual value ⁇ act of the unit efficiency ⁇ act belongs to the degree of membership of the first to fifth stages.
- the total influence ⁇ H of the steam turbine heating heat on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit can be determined, thereby facilitating the research on the energy efficiency level finally achieved by the generator set.
- the problem of calculating the influence of the steaming heat supply on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit has not been solved.
- the influence of the environmental temperature change on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit can be quantitatively calculated, the external condition deviation can be accurately calculated, and the energy efficiency level finally achieved by the generator set can be studied.
- the influence of the coal quality deviation on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit can be quantitatively calculated, the external condition deviation can be accurately calculated, and the energy efficiency level finally achieved by the generator set can be studied.
- the influence of extraction heating on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit By quantitatively calculating the influence of extraction heating on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit, the influence of the environmental temperature change on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit, the influence of the coal quality deviation on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit, the equipment performance deviation and the design value, it can be quantitatively calculated.
- the reaching value is based on the deviation between the expected value and the target value and the design value.
- the energy efficiency of the generator set can be accurately analyzed. To provide a scientific and reasonable calculation basis for determining the energy efficiency of the unit, to guide the improvement of the operation and management level of the unit.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an energy efficiency analysis method for a generator set that affects energy efficiency of a generator set according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a calculation method for the influence of coal quality deviation on coal consumption of a coal-fired generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for calculating a coal quality deviation affecting coal consumption of a coal-fired generating unit according to another embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for calculating an influence of an environmental temperature change on coal consumption of a coal-fired generating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the influence of ambient temperature on back pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for obtaining a turbine back pressure based on an influence of ambient temperature on back pressure according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a typical unit back pressure correction curve
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart 1 of a method for calculating the influence of steam extraction heat on the heat consumption of a steam turbine unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart 2 of a method for calculating the influence of steam extraction heat on the heat consumption of a steam turbine unit according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a steam turbine unit having a multi-stage heater according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 11 is a triangular and semi-trapezoidal evaluation model of ⁇ b obj according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 12 is a triangular and semi-trapezoidal evaluation model of ⁇ b act in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the ultimate energy efficiency level can be determined by three factors, namely: the design and manufacturing level of the generator set; the application conditions of the generator set; the manager on the generator set The level of management application.
- the manager's management level of the generator set is the subjective factor of the unit operation, which can be improved through the improvement of operation management.
- the design and manufacturing level of the generator set, as well as the application conditions of the generator set, are objective factors in the operation of the unit.
- Target value or optimal value The highest performance value based on the same steam design parameters can be ideal or optimal.
- the optimal value represents the best design of the same type of unit, and the management level is high. To the best;
- (d) Reachable value refers to the actual operation of the unit, under certain objective conditions (such as temperature, circulating water temperature and other objective conditions that cannot be artificially changed) and a certain working condition (such as load rate), a certain supply
- certain objective conditions such as temperature, circulating water temperature and other objective conditions that cannot be artificially changed
- a certain working condition such as load rate
- the value should be determined based on the energy efficiency design value and by eliminating the effects of equipment performance deviation and objective conditional deviation.
- Equipment performance deviation refers to the difference between the unit performance and the design value under the design conditions, which comprehensively reflects the design, manufacture and installation level of the equipment. If the equipment modification is not implemented, the equipment performance deviation cannot be changed.
- the objective conditional deviation refers to the deviation caused by the inconsistency between the objective conditions and the design conditions of the unit operation.
- the so-called objective conditions are the geographical conditions, meteorological conditions, grid load restrictions, etc., which are not affected by human factors.
- the energy value deviation value caused by the design value minus equipment performance deviation and objective condition deviation is the value that the unit should reach, namely:
- the influence of external condition deviation mainly considers three factors: the actual common coal quality deviates from the energy efficiency deviation caused by the designed coal quality, the actual environmental temperature deviates from the design environmental temperature caused by the unit energy efficiency deviation, and the actual output of the unit deviates from the rated output force caused by the energy efficiency deviation.
- the external conditional deviation is the sum of these three parts of energy efficiency deviation.
- the invention is based on the deviation of the expected value from the target value and the design value, and can accurately analyze the energy efficiency of the generator set according to the preset weight and the corresponding membership function.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for analyzing energy efficiency of a generator set. As shown in FIG. 1 , the energy efficiency analysis method of the generator set includes:
- a generator set parameter including a generator set design parameter, a boiler actual coal consumption amount, a current ambient temperature, a steam turbine group circulating water temperature, a load rate, a steam turbine unit heat generation ratio, a steam turbine unit power generation amount, and a unit performance target value And actual value;
- S102 Calculating an external condition deviation according to the actual coal burning amount of the boiler, the current ambient temperature, the circulating water temperature of the steam turbine unit, the heating power generation ratio of the steam turbine unit, and the power generation amount of the steam turbine unit, wherein the external condition deviation is coal quality deviation and ambient temperature The sum of the deviation and the exhaust heat supply deviation;
- S105 Calculate the difference between the expected value and the target value and the actual value respectively, and calculate the energy efficiency of the generator set according to the preset weights of the two differences and the corresponding membership function.
- the present invention separately calculates the coal quality deviation, the environmental temperature deviation, the extraction heating deviation and the equipment performance deviation, and can calculate the expected value under any load, according to the expected value and the performance of the unit.
- the target value and the actual value can be used to quantitatively analyze the energy efficiency of the generator set.
- the actual coal consumption of the boiler in S101, the current ambient temperature, the circulating water temperature of the steam turbine, the load rate, the heat generation ratio of the steam turbine unit, and the power generation unit of the steam turbine unit are the parameters required to calculate the external condition deviation.
- the external condition deviation consists of coal quality deviation, ambient temperature deviation and extraction heating deviation.
- the actual value is the average performance of the unit in the same ranking in the same or same capacity generator set.
- the predetermined ranking can be, for example, the top 10% of the unit performance in the same or same capacity generator set.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for calculating coal quality deviation according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, a method for calculating coal quality deviation includes:
- S203 Calculating a plant power consumption increase amount ⁇ ⁇ B caused by an increase in the amount of coal entering the furnace according to the difference between the power generation amount and the actual coal burning amount of the boiler and the designed coal type coal burning amount;
- S206 Calculate the coal consumption change amount ⁇ b caused by the coal quality change according to the change amount of the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids, the change amount of the exhaust heat loss, and the increase amount of the plant power consumption rate.
- C fh is the fly ash combustible content of the actual coal entering the furnace, %;
- a ar is the ash content of the actual coal entering the furnace, %;
- Q ar net is the base low calorific value of the actual coal entering the furnace, kJ/ Kg;
- q 4 is the designed value of boiler solid incomplete combustion loss, %.
- the present invention separately calculates the amount of change in the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids, the amount of change in the heat loss of the exhaust gas, and the amount of increase in the power consumption of the plant, and then uses the amount of change in the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids.
- the amount of change in smoke heat loss and the increase in power consumption rate of the plant are used to calculate the change in coal consumption caused by coal quality change.
- the influence of coal quality deviation on coal consumption of coal-fired generating units is quantitatively calculated, and data is provided for accurate calculation of external condition deviation.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for calculating the influence of coal quality deviation on coal consumption of a coal-fired generating unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the calculation of the influence of coal quality should be based on the deviation between the actual coal consumption of the boiler and the coal type of the designed coal type when the calorific value of the boiler is the lowest.
- the actual coal quality deviates from the designed coal quality, which mainly affects the economics of the boiler, and is reflected in the influence of the design value (q 4 ) of the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids and the heat loss on the exhaust gas.
- the variation amount ⁇ q 4 of the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solid is calculated by the above formula. It is also necessary to calculate the plant power consumption increase amount ⁇ ⁇ B caused by the increase in the amount of coal entering the furnace according to the difference between the power generation amount and the actual coal burning amount of the boiler and the designed coal type coal burning amount. Specifically, the plant power consumption increase amount ⁇ ⁇ B is calculated by the following formula:
- Equation 2 ⁇ B is the difference between the actual amount of coal fired boiler design coal amount, t / h; W f of electricity, kW.
- Equation 2 By taking the difference between the amount of power generated and the actual amount of coal burned by the boiler and the amount of coal burned by the design coal into Equation 2, the increase in the plant power consumption rate ⁇ ⁇ B caused by the increase in the amount of coal entering the furnace can be calculated.
- the preset offset value may be 10%, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
- ⁇ Lv is the exhaust gas temperature deviation
- the preset moisture value may be 20%, and the invention is not limited thereto.
- the amount of coal consumption caused by the change in coal quality can be calculated.
- ⁇ b specifically, it is necessary to bring the amount of change in the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids, the amount of change in the exhaust heat loss, and the increase in the power consumption rate of the plant into the following formula to calculate the amount of change ⁇ b in coal consumption caused by the change in coal quality.
- Equation 4 ⁇ q 4 + ⁇ q 2 can be expressed by the following formula:
- ⁇ B is the amount of change in boiler efficiency caused by coal quality change.
- the amount of change ⁇ q 2 is calculated by Equation 3; it is also possible that only the change amount ⁇ q 2 of the exhaust heat loss is zero, the amount of change ⁇ q 4 of the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids, and the increase amount ⁇ ⁇ B of the plant power rate are respectively passed by the formula 1 and the formula 2 calculation; it can also be the change amount ⁇ q 4 of the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids, the increase rate of the plant power consumption rate ⁇ ⁇ B and the change amount ⁇ q 2 of the exhaust heat loss, or the change amount of the incomplete combustion loss of the boiler solids ⁇ q 4.
- the increase rate of the plant power consumption rate ⁇ ⁇ B and the change amount of the heat loss of the exhaust gas ⁇ q 2 are not zero, and are calculated by Equation 1, Equation 2 and Equation 3, respectively.
- the influence of the coal quality deviation on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit can be quantitatively calculated, the external condition deviation can be accurately calculated, and the energy efficiency level finally achieved by the generator set can be studied.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for calculating an influence of ambient temperature change on coal consumption of a coal-fired generating set according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the calculating method includes the following steps:
- S401 Obtain an air preheater inlet air temperature and an air preheater inlet flue gas temperature at a set ambient temperature T, and calculate a boiler exhaust according to the air preheater inlet air temperature and the air preheater inlet flue gas temperature. temperature ;
- S404 Find a steam turbine back pressure correction curve according to the steam turbine back pressure, and obtain a difference ⁇ H R between the actual heat consumption H R and the designed heat loss H RTHA of the steam turbine back pressure;
- the invention first calculates the change amount of the heat loss of the boiler exhaust gas and the difference of the heat consumption of the steam turbine, and then calculates the total influence of the ambient temperature on the coal consumption of the unit according to the variation of the heat loss of the exhaust heat of the boiler and the heat loss of the steam turbine.
- the influence of ambient temperature change on coal consumption of coal-fired generating units can be quantitatively calculated.
- the boiler exhaust gas temperature can be calculated. .
- ⁇ En is the air preheater inlet flue gas temperature
- ⁇ Lv is the air preheater outlet flue gas temperature
- t En air preheater inlet flue gas temperature
- Boiler exhaust temperature when using T can calculate the change amount ⁇ q 2 of the boiler exhaust heat loss, specifically, the boiler exhaust gas temperature Bring the following formula to calculate the amount of change ⁇ q 2 of the boiler exhaust heat loss:
- q 2 is the design value of the boiler exhaust heat loss at the set ambient temperature T.
- the steam turbine is divided into a wet cooling unit and an air cooling unit.
- step S403 the method of obtaining the back pressure of the steam turbine based on the influence of the ambient temperature on the back pressure is different, and the wet cooling unit and the air cooling unit are different and need to be separately calculated.
- step S403 can directly obtain the turbine back pressure at the current ambient temperature according to the influence curve of the ambient temperature on the back pressure, and the influence curve of the ambient temperature on the back pressure is as shown in FIG. 5 .
- S601 Calculate the temperature difference of the condenser outlet according to the design data under load conditions.
- the steam pressure characteristic table can be found that the exhaust steam temperature under the back pressure is 31.8 ° C, and the condenser inlet water temperature is 24 ° C under the design conditions, then the condenser outlet The temperature difference is 7.8 °C.
- the temperature difference is the necessary temperature difference for ensuring the heat transfer effect of the condenser, and can vary with the flow rate of the circulating water.
- the condenser outlet temperature difference is considered to be the design value and remains unchanged.
- S602 Calculate the actual exhaust gas temperature according to the circulating water inlet temperature and the temperature difference.
- the actual exhaust temperature is the sum of the actual circulating water temperature and the condenser outlet temperature difference.
- S603 Find a water vapor pressure characteristic table according to the actual exhaust gas temperature, and obtain a turbine back pressure corresponding to the actual exhaust gas temperature.
- each unit needs its own back pressure correction curve.
- the typical unit back pressure correction curve is shown in Figure 7.
- the influence of the environmental temperature change on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit can be quantitatively calculated, the external condition deviation can be accurately calculated, and the energy efficiency level finally achieved by the generating unit can be studied.
- the calculation method includes:
- Step 801 Acquire steam extraction enthalpy of the heaters of each stage under the n load conditions of the steam turbine unit, the outlet water raft, the outlet hydrophobic raft, and the extraction heat supply of the heaters of the respective stages.
- n is greater than or equal to 3, that is, in the embodiment of the present invention, it is required to obtain the extraction steam, the outlet water raft, the outlet hydrophobic raft of the heaters of the various stages under at least three load conditions, and the extraction heating of the heaters of the various stages. the amount.
- Step 802 Determine q j , ⁇ j , and ⁇ j of the jth heater under each load condition.
- q j is the calorific value of 1 kg of heated steam in the j-th heater; ⁇ j is the soaring of 1 kg of water in the j-th heater; ⁇ j is 1 kg of hydrophobic in the j-th heater The amount of heat released.
- Step 803 Calculate the equivalent enthalpy drop and extraction efficiency of the j-th heater under each load condition according to q j , ⁇ j and ⁇ j of the j-th heater under each load condition.
- Step 804 fitting the relationship between the extraction efficiency of the j-th heater and the steam turbine load according to the cubic polynomial.
- Step 805 Acquire an actual load of the steam turbine unit, and calculate an actual pumping efficiency of the j-th heater under the actual load according to a cubic polynomial corresponding to the actual load and the relationship information.
- Step 806 obtaining the power generation amount of the steam turbine unit, and calculating the extraction power of the j-th heater according to the extraction heat supply of the j-th heater, the actual pumping efficiency of the j-th heater, and the power generation amount of the steam turbine unit.
- the amount of heat affecting the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit ⁇ H j .
- Step 807 Superimpose the influence of the steaming heat supply of the heaters of the various stages on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit ⁇ H j , and determine the total influence ⁇ H of the steam turbine heating heat on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit.
- the method for calculating the influence of the steam extraction heat on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit provided by the embodiment of the invention can determine the total influence ⁇ H of the steam turbine heating heat on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit, thereby facilitating the final realization of the generator set.
- the study of energy efficiency levels. The problem of calculating the influence of the steaming heat supply on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit has not been solved.
- the embodiment of the present invention provides an influence of the steam extraction heating on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit.
- a calculation method applied to a steam turbine unit having a multi-stage heater as shown in FIG. 10 the steam turbine group having a multi-stage heater including a steam turbine 21, a boiler 22, a first-stage heater 23, a second-stage heater 24, The third stage heater 25 and the like.
- the calculation method of the influence of the steam extraction heating on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit includes:
- Step 901 Acquire steam extraction enthalpy of the heaters of each stage under the n load conditions of the steam turbine unit, the outlet water raft, the outlet hydrophobic raft, and the extraction heat supply of the heaters of the respective stages.
- n is greater than or equal to 3, that is, in the embodiment of the present invention, it is required to obtain the extraction steam, the outlet water raft, the outlet hydrophobic raft of the heaters of the various stages under at least three load conditions, and the extraction heating of the heaters of the various stages. the amount.
- the extraction enthalpy, outlet enthalpy, and outlet hydrophobic enthalpy of the heaters of the steam turbine under n load conditions can be known from the turbine design data.
- the extraction heat supply of the heaters of the various stages can be obtained through the extraction heating port table.
- Step 902 Determine the type of the jth stage heater.
- step 903 is performed; if the type of the jth heater is a pool heater, step 904 is performed.
- Step 903 determining q j , ⁇ j , and ⁇ j of the j-th heater according to Formula 10.
- Equation 10 is:
- Step 904 11 is determined according to the formula Q j of the j-th stage heater, [tau] j and ⁇ j.
- Equation 11 is:
- step 905 is continued.
- Step 905 Calculate the equivalent enthalpy drop H j and the extraction efficiency ⁇ j of the j-th heater under each load condition according to Formula 12.
- the formula 12 is:
- h C is the condensable gas enthalpy
- a i is the i-th stage of the heater or [tau] i ⁇ i
- q i 1 kg heating steam heat discharge in the i-th stage heater
- H i is the i-th stage heater Equivalent enthalpy drop
- i jm, m ⁇ 1, and i ⁇ 1
- ⁇ i is the soaring of 1 kg of water in the i-th heater
- ⁇ i is 1 kg of hydrophobic in the i-th heater The amount of heat released.
- the jth heater is a pool heater
- a i is ⁇ i
- the j heater is a surface heater
- the j-1 heater to the jm heater A i is ⁇ i
- the jm- th heater is a pool heater
- a j of the jm-1 heater to the first heater is ⁇ i .
- the equivalent enthalpy of the second stage heater is:
- the equivalent enthalpy of the third stage heater is:
- Step 906 fitting a relationship between the extraction efficiency ⁇ j of the j-th heater and the steam turbine load x according to a cubic polynomial.
- a 1 , a 2 , a 3 , and a 4 are constants and can be known by the least squares method.
- Step 908 Obtain a power generation amount of the steam turbine unit as W f , and according to the formula: Calculate the influence of the extraction heat of the jth stage heater on the heat loss of the steam turbine unit ⁇ H j .
- Q j is the extraction heat supply of the j-th heater
- ⁇ j is the actual pumping efficiency of the j-th heater.
- Step 909 superimposing the influence of the steaming heat supply of the heaters of the various stages on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit ⁇ H j , and determining the total influence ⁇ H of the steam turbine heating heat on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit.
- the method for calculating the influence of the steam extraction heat on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit can determine the total influence ⁇ H of the steam turbine heating heat on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit, thereby facilitating the final energy efficiency level of the power generating unit.
- Research. The problem of calculating the influence of the steaming heat supply on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit has not been solved.
- Figures 2 to 10 illustrate in detail how to calculate coal quality deviation, ambient temperature deviation and extraction heating deviation, and quantitatively calculate the influence of external condition deviation on the energy efficiency of the generator set, in order to calculate the influence of objective factors on the energy efficiency of the generator set.
- the size lays the foundation.
- the boiler power efficiency deviation, the steam turbine efficiency deviation, and the factory power consumption deviation are separately calculated to calculate the power consumption coal consumption deviation ⁇ b in the plurality of working conditions, respectively, and the following formula is used to calculate the plurality of working conditions.
- the power consumption coal consumption deviation ⁇ b The power consumption coal consumption deviation ⁇ b:
- ⁇ b is the coal consumption design value
- ⁇ b is the boiler efficiency design value
- ⁇ ( ⁇ b ) is the boiler efficiency deviation
- ⁇ tb is the turbine unit efficiency design value
- ⁇ ( ⁇ tb ) is the turbine unit efficiency deviation
- the first item on the right is the coal consumption design value multiplied by the boiler efficiency deviation / boiler efficiency design value;
- the second item is the coal consumption design value multiplied by the turbine unit efficiency deviation / turbine unit efficiency design value, if the turbine unit heat is used When the consumption deviation replaces the efficiency of the steam turbine unit, the item is changed to + before;
- the third item is the coal consumption design value multiplied by the factory power consumption deviation / (100 - design plant power consumption rate).
- the number of multiple operating conditions is at least three to increase the accuracy of the curve.
- calculating the energy efficiency of the generator set according to the preset weights of the two differences and the corresponding membership function can be implemented by various methods.
- the energy efficiency R of the generator set can be calculated according to the following formula:
- A is a preset weight vector of two kinds of deviations;
- the deviation of the unit coal consumption should be the value b sld and the unit coal consumption target value b obj ⁇ b obj belongs to the degree of membership of the first to fifth levels;
- the deviation of the unit coal consumption should be the value b sld and the actual coal consumption actual value b act ⁇ b act belongs to the degree of membership of the first to fifth levels.
- the preset weight vector of two kinds of deviations (1 row and 2 columns) can be set according to the user's evaluation result of the importance of objective factors and subjective factors, and the sum of two elements in the vector should be equal to 1, as in an embodiment, two The weight of the deviation is 0.3:0.7, that is, the objective factor weight is 0.3, the subjective factor weight is 0.7, and the sum of the two is equal to 1.
- the above formula is transformed into:
- the ⁇ b obj is directly compared with the set coal consumption deviation value, and the calculation model is performed using the triangular and semi-trapezoidal evaluation models, as shown in FIG.
- ⁇ b obj is the membership of class B:
- the above S, A, B, C, and D levels correspond to the first to fifth levels, respectively, and the first level is the lowest.
- the ⁇ b act is directly compared with the set coal consumption deviation value, and the calculation model is performed using the triangular and semi-trapezoidal evaluation models, as shown in FIG.
- ⁇ b act is the membership function of B:
- the genset energy efficiency R can be calculated according to the following formula:
- A is a preset weight vector of two kinds of deviations;
- the deviation of the unit coal consumption should be the value b sld and the unit coal consumption target value b obj ⁇ b obj belongs to the degree of membership of the first to fifth levels;
- the deviation of the unit coal consumption should be the value b sld and the actual coal consumption actual value b act ⁇ b act belongs to the degree of membership of the first to fifth levels.
- the total influence ⁇ H of the steam turbine heating heat on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit can be determined, thereby facilitating the research on the energy efficiency level finally achieved by the generator set.
- the problem of calculating the influence of the steaming heat supply on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit has not been solved.
- the influence of the environmental temperature change on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit can be quantitatively calculated, the external condition deviation can be accurately calculated, and the energy efficiency level finally achieved by the generator set can be studied.
- the influence of the coal quality deviation on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit can be quantitatively calculated, the external condition deviation can be accurately calculated, and the energy efficiency level finally achieved by the generator set can be studied.
- the influence of extraction heating on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit By quantitatively calculating the influence of extraction heating on the heat consumption of the steam turbine unit, the influence of the environmental temperature change on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit, the influence of the coal quality deviation on the coal consumption of the coal-fired generating unit, the equipment performance deviation and the design value, it can be quantitatively calculated.
- the value based on the deviation between the expected value and the target value and the actual value, according to the preset weight and the corresponding membership function, can quantitatively determine the energy efficiency level of the generator set, and provide a scientific evaluation for guiding the improvement of the unit equipment and the improvement of the operational management level. in accordance with.
- embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
- computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
- the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
- the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
- These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
- the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (25)
- 一种发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,包括:获取包含发电机组设计参数、锅炉实际燃煤量、当前环境温度、汽轮机组循环水温度、负荷率、汽轮机组供热发电比、汽轮机组的发电量、机组性能的目标值及实际值;根据所述锅炉实际燃煤量、当前环境温度、汽轮机组循环水温度、汽轮机组供热发电比、汽轮机组的发电量计算外部条件偏差,所述外部条件偏差为煤质偏差、环境温度偏差及抽气供热偏差三者之和;在多个工况下,分别通过锅炉性能试验、汽轮机组性能试验及厂用电率测试性能试验计算锅炉效率偏差、汽轮机组效率偏差及厂用电率偏差,并根据所述锅炉效率偏差、汽轮机组效率偏差及厂用电率偏差计算设备性能偏差;根据所述发电机组设计参数、所述外部条件偏差及设备性能偏差计算机组实际运行中的应达值;分别计算所述应达值与所述目标值及实际值的差值,按照两种差值的预设权重及对应隶属函数计算发电机组能效。
- 根据权利要求1所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,根据所述锅炉实际燃煤量、当前环境温度、汽轮机组循环水温度、汽轮机组供热发电比、汽轮机组的发电量计算外部条件偏差,包括:测量锅炉实际燃煤量,判断设计煤种燃煤量与所述锅炉实际燃煤量的偏差是否大于预设偏差值;根据发电量及所述锅炉实际燃煤量与设计煤种燃煤量的差值计算入炉煤量增加导致的厂用电率增加量ΔλΔB;判断入炉煤水分是否超过预设水分值;如果入炉煤水分超过预设水分值,根据排烟温度偏差ΔθLv计算排烟热损失变化量Δq2;根据所述锅炉固体不完全燃烧损失的变化量Δq4、排烟热损失变化量Δq2、厂用电率增加量ΔλΔB计算煤质变化引起的煤耗变化量Δb;其中,Cfh为实际入炉煤的飞灰可燃物含量,%;Aar为实际入炉煤的灰分,%;Qar,net为实际入炉煤收到基低位发热量,kJ/kg;q4为锅炉固体不完全燃烧损失设计值,%。
- 根据权利要求2所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,根据所述锅炉实际燃煤量、当前环境温度、汽轮机组循环水温度、汽轮机组供热发电比、汽轮机组的发电量计算外部条件偏差,包括:基于环境温度对背压的影响得到汽轮机背压;根据所述汽轮机背压查找汽轮机背压修正曲线,获得所述汽轮机背压下的实际热耗HR与设计热耗HRTHA的差值ΔHR;根据锅炉排烟热损失的变化量Δq2及所述差值ΔHR计算环境温度对机组煤耗的影响总量Δb。
- 根据权利要求3所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,根据所述锅炉实际燃煤量、当前环境温度、汽轮机组循环水温度、汽轮机组供热发电比、汽轮机组的发电量计算外部条件偏差,包括:获取汽轮机组的n个负荷工况下的各级加热器的抽汽焓、出口水焓、出口疏水焓以及各级加热器的抽汽供热量;其中,n大于等于3;确定各负荷工况下第j级加热器的qj、τj和γj;其中,qj为1千克加热蒸汽在第j级加热器中的放热量;τj为1千克水在第j级加热器中的焓升;γj为1千克疏水在第j级加热器中的放热量;根据所述各负荷工况下第j级加热器的qj、τj和γj,计算各负荷工况下第j级加热器的等效焓降和抽汽效率;根据三次多项式拟合第j级加热器的抽汽效率与汽轮机组负荷之间的关系信息;获取汽轮机组的实际负荷,并根据所述实际负荷和关系信息对应的三次多项式,计算该实际负荷下的第j级加热器的实际抽气效率;获取汽轮机组的发电量,并根据第j级加热器的抽汽供热量、第j级加热器的实际抽气效率和所述汽轮机组的发电量计算第j级加热器的抽汽供热对汽轮机组热耗的影响量ΔHj;将各级加热器的抽汽供热对汽轮机组热耗的影响量ΔHj叠加,确定汽轮机抽汽供热对汽轮机组热耗的影响总量ΔH。
- 根据权利要求2所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,如果设计煤种燃煤量与所述锅炉实际燃煤量的偏差不大于预设偏差值,令所述锅炉固体不完全燃烧损失的变化量Δq4及厂用电率增加量ΔλΔB为零。
- 根据权利要求2所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,如果入炉煤水分不超过预设水分值,令所述排烟热损失变化量Δq2为零。
- 根据权利要求2所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,根据排烟温度偏差ΔθLv计算排烟热损失变化量Δq2,包括:将排烟温度偏差ΔθLv带入Δq2=0.0035ΔθLv,计算排烟热损失变化量Δq2,其中ΔθLv=0.7ΔMar,ΔMar为实际入炉煤种水分相对于设计煤种水分的增量。
- 根据权利要求11所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,当所述汽轮机为空冷机组时,基于环境温度对背压的影响得到汽轮机背压,包括:根据环境温度对背压的影响曲线,获得当前环境温度下的汽轮机背压。
- 根据权利要求11所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,当所述汽轮机为湿冷机组时,基于环境温度对背压的影响得到汽轮机背压,包括:根据负荷工况下的设计数据计算凝汽器出口温差;根据循环水入口温度及所述温差计算实际排气温度;根据所述实际排气温度查找水蒸汽压力特性表,得到所述实际排气温度对应的汽轮机背压。
- 根据权利要求13所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,根据负荷工况下的设计数据计算凝汽器出口温差,包括:根据设定背压值查找水蒸汽压力特性表,获得所述设定背压值下的排汽温度及凝汽器进水温度;根据所述排汽温度及凝汽器进水温度计算所述凝汽器出口温差。
- 根据权利要求4所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,所述确定各负荷工况下第j级加热器的qj、τj和γj,包括:判断所述第j级加热器的类型;若所述第j级加热器的类型为表面式加热器,根据公式一确定第j级加热器的qj、τj和γj;所述公式一为:其中,tj为第j级加热器的出口水焓;tj-1为第j-1级加热器的出口水焓;hj为第j级加热器的抽汽焓;tsj为第j级加热器的出口疏水焓;若所述第j级加热器的类型为汇集式加热器,根据公式二确定第j级加热器的qj、τj和γj;所述公式二为:其中,tj为第j级加热器的出口水焓;tj-1为第j-1级加热器的出口水焓;hj为第j级加热器的抽汽焓;ts(j+1)为第j+1级加热器的出口疏水焓。
- 根据权利要求17所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,若第j级加热器为汇集式加热器,则Ai为τi;若第j级加热器为表面式加热器,则第j-1级加热器至第j-m级加热器的Ai为γi,所述第j-m级加热器为汇集式加热器;第j-m-1级加热器至第1级加热器的Ai为τi。
- 根据权利要求18所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,所述根据三次多项式拟合第j级加热器的抽汽效率与汽轮机组负荷之间的关系信息,包括:根据三次多项式拟合第j级加热器的抽汽效率ηj与汽轮机组负荷x之间的关系曲线;所述关系曲线为:ηj=a1x3+a2x2+a3x+a4其中,a1、a2、a3、a4为常数。
- 根据权利要求19所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,所述获取汽轮机组的实际负荷,并根据所述实际负荷和关系信息对应的三次多项式,计算该实际负荷下的第j级加热器的实际抽气效率,包括:获取汽轮机组的实际负荷x,并根据汽轮机组的实际负荷x和公式ηj=a1x3+a2x2+a3x+a4,计算汽轮机组的实际负荷x下的第j级加热器的实际抽气效率ηj。
- 根据权利要求1所述的发电机组能效分析方法,其特征在于,根据所述锅炉效率偏差、汽轮机组效率偏差及厂用电率偏差计算设备性能偏差,包括:根据所述锅炉效率偏差、汽轮机组效率偏差及厂用电率偏差分别计算所述多个工况下的供电煤耗偏差Δb;根据所述多个工况下的负荷点及供电煤耗偏差生成设备性能曲线,在当前负荷下,根据所述设备性能曲线得到设备性能偏差。
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