WO2017045109A1 - Position determination of a mobile device in an emergency - Google Patents

Position determination of a mobile device in an emergency Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017045109A1
WO2017045109A1 PCT/CN2015/089561 CN2015089561W WO2017045109A1 WO 2017045109 A1 WO2017045109 A1 WO 2017045109A1 CN 2015089561 W CN2015089561 W CN 2015089561W WO 2017045109 A1 WO2017045109 A1 WO 2017045109A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
indication
mobile device
estimated position
recited
location
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/089561
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yan Li
Zhimin Du
Original Assignee
Qualcomm Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qualcomm Incorporated filed Critical Qualcomm Incorporated
Priority to PCT/CN2015/089561 priority Critical patent/WO2017045109A1/en
Priority to CN201680052689.XA priority patent/CN108027415B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2016/088807 priority patent/WO2017045461A1/en
Publication of WO2017045109A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017045109A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/01—Determining conditions which influence positioning, e.g. radio environment, state of motion or energy consumption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0244—Accuracy or reliability of position solution or of measurements contributing thereto
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/025—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/90—Services for handling of emergency or hazardous situations, e.g. earthquake and tsunami warning systems [ETWS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/50—Connection management for emergency connections

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communications and more specifically, techniques for use in determining a position of a mobile device in an emergency. For example, certain techniques are described in the present disclosure may be used, at least in part, to obtain and potentially verify a position (e.g., via geographical coordinates, via a public address, etc. ) of a mobile device from which an emergency telephone call or other like contact has been initiated.
  • a position e.g., via geographical coordinates, via a public address, etc.
  • a wireless mobile device e.g., a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a portable computer, a location tag, etc.
  • a mobile device may be used to place an emergency call in response to an emergency event. It may be desirable to provide applicable emergency responders with an accurate position of the mobile device.
  • a method for use in determining a verified estimated position of a mobile device may comprise, at a computing device: receiving a first indication corresponding to a first estimated position of a mobile device identified as part of a first location process initiated in response to an emergency communication from the mobile device via a wireless network; obtaining a second indication corresponding to a second estimated position of the mobile device as reported by the wireless network in a second location process; in response to a determination that the first indication and the second indication satisfy a verification criterion, determining a verified estimated position of the mobile device based, at least in part, on the first indication, the second indication, or both; and in response to a determination that the first indication and the second indication does not satisfy the verification criterion: obtaining a third indication corresponding to a third estimated position of the mobile device, the third indication being determined by a third location process; and determining the verified estimated position of the mobile device based, at least in part, on the second indication, the
  • an apparatus may be provided for use in a computing device for use in determining a verified estimated position of a mobile device.
  • such an apparatus may comprise: means for receiving a first indication corresponding to a first estimated position of a mobile device identified as part of a first location process initiated in response to an emergency communication from the mobile device via a wireless network; means for obtaining a second indication corresponding to a second estimated position of the mobile device as reported by the wireless network in a second location process; means for determining a verified estimated position of the mobile device based, at least in part, on the first indication, the second indication, or both, in response to a determination that a comparison of the first indication and the second indication satisfy a verification criterion; means for obtaining a third indication corresponding to a third estimated position of the mobile device, the third indication being determined by a third location process, in response to a determination that the comparison of the first indication and the second indication does not satisfy the verification criterion; and means for determining the verified estimated position of the mobile
  • a non-transitory medium storing instructions that are executable by a processing unit of a computing device.
  • the instructions may be executed to: obtain a first indication corresponding to an first estimated position of a mobile device identified as part of a first location process initiated in response to an emergency communication from the mobile device via a wireless network; obtain a second indication corresponding to a second estimated position of the mobile device as reported by the wireless network in a second location process; determine whether the first indication and the second indication satisfy a verification criterion based, at least in part, on a comparison of the first indication and the second indication; in response to a determination that the verification criterion is satisfied, determine a verified estimated position of the mobile device based, at least in part, on the first indication, the second indication, or both; and in response to a determination that the verification criterion is not satisfied: obtain, via the communication interface, a third indication corresponding to a third estimated position of the mobile device, the third indication being determined by a
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example environment in which a position of a mobile device may be estimated using different location processes, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of some example features that may be provided within an electronic device, such as, for example, a mobile device, a computing device, and/or the like, as applicable, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example environment in which a position of a mobile device may be estimated using different location processes, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a call flow diagram illustrating an example technique for determining a verified estimated position of a mobile device using different processes, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an example technique for use in a mobile device for determining a verified estimated position of a mobile device using different processes, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an example technique for use in a computing device for determining a verified estimated position of a mobile device using different processes, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating an example technique for use in determining a verified estimated position of a mobile device using different processes, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Embodiments for various techniques for use, at least in part, for determining a position of a mobile device under certain circumstances are disclosed.
  • the following descriptions are presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the disclosure. Descriptions of specific embodiments and applications are provided only as examples. Various modifications and combinations of the examples described herein will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other examples and applications without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples described and shown, but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.
  • the word “exemplary” or “example” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect or embodiment described herein as “exemplary” or as an “example” in not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or embodiments.
  • a position of mobile device may indicated, at least in part, by information comprising a geographic location (e.g., latitude, longitude and optionally altitude, or some other coordinate system) , a civic location (e.g. a street address, a building, apartment or office suite identifier, a well-known place name, etc. ) that may be calculated or otherwise estimated for a mobile device either by the mobile device itself or by some other entity such as a location server.
  • a geographic location e.g., latitude, longitude and optionally altitude, or some other coordinate system
  • a civic location e.g. a street address, a building, apartment or office suite identifier, a well-known place name, etc.
  • a geographic or civic location may be referred to as “absolute” when corresponding to a fixed point, fixed area or fixed volume (e.g. such as provided by a latitude, longitude and optionally an altitude in the case of a fixed point) , and may be referred to as “relative” when expressed as a displacement or offset to an absolute location (e.g. by specifying distances north or south, east or west and optionally above or below a fixed point with a known absolute location) .
  • a “position” as used herein may comprise an absolute location, a relative location, or the like, e.g., which may useful to an emergency responder.
  • location may be determined using a location/position or a change in a location/position of a mobile device with regard to some reference point.
  • location and “position” may be used interchangeably herein.
  • a position of a mobile device may be defined with regard to a one or more reference point (s) , within a single dimension space, or possibly within a multiple dimension space.
  • a position of a mobile device may be represented, at least in part, by one or more applicable coordinate systems/parameters (e.g., one or more x, y, z coordinates, one or more latitude, longitude, altitude coordinates, one or more identified grid points, etc. ) , one or more distances (e.g., a range, a pseudorange, etc.
  • a change in a position of a mobile device may be represented, at least in part, by one or more motion-related parameters (e.g., a vector indicating a direction and magnitude, a trajectory, a course, a plurality of positions, a velocity or speed, etc. ) , again just to name a few examples.
  • a motion-related parameters e.g., a vector indicating a direction and magnitude, a trajectory, a course, a plurality of positions, a velocity or speed, etc.
  • Example localization techniques may, for example, include one or more radiolocation techniques, one or more sensor-based location techniques, or some combination or hybrid version thereof.
  • All or part of a process to determine a position of a mobile device may be performed at the mobile device, at one or more other electronic devices, or some combination thereof.
  • other electronic devices may comprise one or more types of transmitting and/or receiving network devices that may transmit and/or receive positioning or like informational/data signals, one or more other electronic devices that may provide assistance in the form of data/information or possibly processing/storage resources, one or more peer (mobile) devices that may exchange signals or possibly share data/information or processing resources, and/or the like or some combination thereof just to name a few examples.
  • Radiolocation techniques may be used to estimate a relative position of a mobile device with regard to one or more other electronic devices (or vice versa) .
  • An estimated range may be determined (e.g., corresponding to a direct line of sight between a mobile device and another device) using certain radiolocation techniques. For example, one or more signal characteristics, such as, signal strength (e.g., a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , a signal to noise ratio, etc. ) , signal phase (e.g., spread, Doppler, etc. ) , signal propagation time (e.g., time of flight (TOF) , time of arrival (TOA) , time difference of arrival (TDOA) , Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) , Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) , round-trip time (RTT) , etc.
  • signal strength e.g., a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) , a signal to noise ratio, etc.
  • signal phase e.g., spread, Doppler, etc.
  • signal propagation time e.g., time of flight (TOF) , time of arrival
  • an angle of arrival (AOA) , a direction of arrival (DOA) , etc. may be measured and indicative, at least in part, of a range, a distance, a direction, a motion, etc., corresponding to a transmitting device and a receiving device.
  • a transmitting and/or receiving electronic devices used in radiolocation techniques may be physically located at a non-terrestrial location (e.g., onboard an orbiting satellite, onboard an aircraft in-flight.
  • a space positioning system SPS
  • SVs Space Vehicles
  • a transmitting and/or receiving electronic devices used in radiolocation techniques may be physically located at a terrestrial location (e.g., attached to a tower, placed in a cabinet, mounted on a wall, configured onboard a vehicle/machine, etc. ) .
  • a wireless communication network, a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and/or the like may comprise one or more terrestrial-based transmitting and/or receiving devices (e.g., a base station, an access point device, a beacon transmitting device, etc. ) .
  • radiolocation techniques may apply multi-lateration techniques (e.g., trilateration) to determine an estimated relative position of a mobile device relative to one or more other devices based, at least in part, on signal propagation times, measured signal characteristics, and/or corresponding signal propagation distances/ranges.
  • a radiolocation technique may be applied to determine an estimated relative velocity or speed of a mobile device, e.g., based on one or more signal characteristics (e.g., a Doppler characteristic) for one or more signals received at a mobile device from one or more other devices (or vice versa) .
  • one or more radiolocation techniques may consider one or more measured or estimated (relative) angles or directions from a mobile device to another device (or vice versa) based on one or more received signals.
  • triangulation techniques and/or the like may be implemented, at least in part, to determine an estimated relative position of a mobile device based, at least in part, on one or more such angles or directions (e.g., angles of arrival) .
  • a corresponding position of a mobile device may be determined (at least in part) based on the relative position of the mobile device to the other device (s) .
  • a latitude and a longitude, and potentially an altitude of a mobile device may be determined, at least in part, based on a calculated pseudorange to one or more SVs having applicable determinable orbital positions.
  • a grid point or other like position of a mobile device e.g., with respect to an electronic map, etc.
  • a position of a mobile device may be within a particular geographical area that may correspond to a particular indicator.
  • a location context identifier LCI
  • the defined geographic area may include all or part of one or more buildings, one or more particular floors of a building, a certain portion or wing of a building, a venue, a store, a hospital, and/or other such areas that may or may not be mapped according to coordinate system, such as, e.g., a global coordinate system, etc.
  • a set of geographically linked information may, for example, comprise all or part of an annotated electronic map and/or the like corresponding to all or part of an LCI.
  • one or more sensor-based techniques may be used, at least in part, to estimate a position and/or motion of a mobile device.
  • one or more inertial sensors e.g., one or more accelerometers, one or more gyroscopes, etc.
  • one or more degrees of freedom corresponding to an orientation and/or a motion of a mobile device may be detected or otherwise measured via one or more inertial sensors.
  • a dead reckoning or other like capability may be provided, at least in part, using one or more inertial sensors.
  • a pedometer or other like capability may be provided, at least in part, using one or more inertial sensors to detect or otherwise measure applicable walking, running, or other like forms of motion that may be conducted by a person, animal, or machine transporting a mobile device.
  • a motion mode e.g., walking, running, standing, sitting, riding in vehicle, etc.
  • a motion mode may be identified or otherwise inferred based, at least in part, on one or more detected or otherwise measured motion related parameters.
  • a mobile device may comprise one or more environmental sensors that may be used, at least in part, to detect or otherwise measure certain environmental characteristics.
  • certain environmental conditions or changes therein may be indicative of a particular position and/or motion of a mobile device.
  • a magnetometer/compass sensor may be used, at least in part, to identify changes in an orientation and/or position of a mobile device
  • a barometer/pressure sensor may be used, at least in part, to identify changes in an elevation, an altitude, a height, etc.
  • changes in the environmental conditions may be indicative of a change of position of a mobile device.
  • a mobile device may be located in different environments (e.g., indoor versus outdoor, etc. ) that may present different conditions (e.g., different temperatures, different humidity levels, different lighting conditions, different sound conditions, etc. ) .
  • environmental sensors such as, e.g., a thermometer/temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light sensor or camera, an audio sensor or microphone, may be used, at least in part, to detect or otherwise measure such changes.
  • Localization techniques may support emergency calling, asset tracking, and/or other like services, wherein a position of a mobile device may be desired.
  • LBS location based services
  • a LBS may include one or more location servers or other like devices that may provide/support various navigation capabilities to/at a mobile device.
  • a location sever or the like may provide one or more data files (e.g., assistance data) to a mobile device.
  • assistance data may, for example, comprise an electronic map and/or the like corresponding to an indoor and/or outdoor environment, an LCI, a venue, etc.
  • an electronic map may indicate a floor plan of a building, paths or roads between buildings, etc.
  • some forms of assistance data may comprise a routing graph, a connectivity graph, a grid layout, a radio signal heat map, a light or sound heat map, an address, an LCI, an image, information for augmented reality, a language translation capability, etc., corresponding to all or part of an electronic map and/or the region corresponding to the electronic map.
  • a LBS may relate to a particular venue and comprise various forms of information related to services, products, advertisements, etc., that may be of use or interest to a user or a function of a mobile device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating certain features of an example system 100 comprising various electronic devices, including one or more mobile devices 110 which may communicate (directly or indirectly) with one or more other electronic devices, or otherwise perform and/or support one or more localization techniques, in accordance with an embodiment.
  • Mobile device 110 may represent any electronic device that may be transported, carried and/or otherwise moved about in some manner such that its position may change from time to time.
  • mobile device 102 may comprise a portable computing device and/or portable communication device that may be transported by a person, an animal, a machine, etc.
  • mobile device 110 may comprise a hand-held computing and/or communication device, such as, a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a lap top computer, a tablet computer, a positioning/navigation device, a wearable device, and/or the like.
  • claimed subject matter may be drawn to a mobile device that may be configured for emergency communications (e.g., via a voice call, electronic messaging, or the like) .
  • mobile device 110 may comprise a circuit board, an electronic chip, a machine, just to name a few examples. Hence, mobile device 110 may be just a part of a larger device, mechanism, or machine. In certain instances, mobile device 110 may represent a plurality of mobile devices, some or all of which may be of the same type, or which may be of different types.
  • one or more network devices 120 may transmit wireless signals to one or more mobile devices 110 and/or receive wireless signals from one or more mobile devices 110 over representative communication link 122.
  • one or more network devices 120 may exchange wired and/or wireless signals with network (s) 140 over representative communication link 142.
  • one or more network devices 120 may be provided as part of one or more cellular communication systems, or the like.
  • network devices 120 may represent all or part of a base station (BS) (e.g., macro-BS, micro-BS, pico-BS, femto-BS, etc. ) , a repeater, and/or the like just to name a few examples.
  • BS base station
  • One or more cellular communication network (s) may be represented by network device (s) 120, possibly combined in part with network (s) 140.
  • one or more network devices 130 may transmit wireless signals to one or more mobile devices 110 and/or receive wireless signals from one or more mobile devices 110 over representative communication link 132.
  • one or more network devices 130 may exchange wired and/or wireless signals with network (s) 140 over representative communication link 144.
  • one or more network devices 130 may be provided as part of one or more wireless communication networks or the like.
  • network devices 130 may represent all or part of an access point device, a wireless router device, a wireless modem device, a hot-spot device, a Personal Access Network (PAN) device, a Bluethooth (BT) enabled device, a location beacon transmitting device, and/or the like just to name a few examples.
  • PAN Personal Access Network
  • BT Bluethooth
  • a network device 130 may represent a stand-alone device (e.g., a radio-frequency Identification (RFID) device, a dedicated location beacon transmitting device, etc. ) that as deployed may not necessarily be further connected to other electronic devices via network (s) 140, but which may at least transmit wireless signals to mobile device 110.
  • RFID radio-frequency Identification
  • s network
  • Network (s) 140 may comprise various electronic devices and other resources that may be part of a cellular communication system, a wireless communication network, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a telephone system, and/or the like or combination thereof, again just to name a few examples.
  • one or more of network devices 120 and/or 130 may be communicatively coupled to one or more other resource device (s) 150, for example, through network (s) 140.
  • one or more other resource device (s) 150 may comprise one or more computers, one or more servers, one or more storage devices, one or more machines, one or more other networks, and/or the like or some combination thereof.
  • a PSAP 152 is illustrated as being coupled to network (s) 140, and which may represent one or more entities associated with such functions and/or one or more computing devices supportive thereof.
  • one or more satellite vehicles (SVs) 170 may transmit SPS signals 172 that may be received by one or more mobile devices 110 and/or one or more other electronic devices within system 100.
  • SPS (s) 160 may represent all or part of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) , such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) , Galileo, GLONASS, and/or the like.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • Galileo Galileo
  • GLONASS Global Positioning System
  • SPS (s) 160 may represent all or part of a Regional Navigation Satellite System (RNSS) and/or Regional Satellite Positioning System (RSPS) , such as China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, Japan’s Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) , the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) , and/or the like.
  • RNSS Regional Navigation Satellite System
  • RSPS Regional Satellite Positioning System
  • SPS (s) 160 may represent all or part of various systems and devices, some of which may be terrestrial-based, that are provided to augment an SPS.
  • SPS (s) 160 may represent all or part of a satellite-based augmentation service (SBAS) (e.g., the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) , the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) , etc. ) , a Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) , a Ground-Based Regional Augmentation Service (GRAS) , just to name a few examples.
  • SAS satellite-based augmentation service
  • WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
  • EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
  • GBAS Ground-Based Augmentation System
  • GRAS Ground-Based Regional Augmentation Service
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating certain features of an example (special purpose) computing platform 200 that may, for example, be provided in an electronic device 201, and which may communicate with one or more other electronic devices, or otherwise perform and/or support one or more localization techniques, in accordance with an embodiment.
  • Electronic device 201 may represent, at least in part, certain example features that may be provided, as applicable, in mobile device 110, network device (s) 120, network devices (s) 130, and/or other device (s) 150 (FIG. 1) .
  • computing platform 200 may comprise one or more processing units 202 (e.g., to perform data processing in accordance with certain techniques provided herein) coupled to memory 204 via one or more connections 206 (e.g., one or more electrical conductors, one or more electrically conductive paths, one or more buses, one or more fiber-optic paths, one or more circuits, one or more buffers, one or more transmitters, one or more receivers, etc. ) .
  • Processing unit (s) 202 may, for example, be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software.
  • Processing unit (s) 202 may be representative of one or more circuits configurable to perform at least a portion of a data computing procedure or process.
  • a processing unit may include one or more processors, controllers, microprocessors, microcontrollers, application specific integrated circuits, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, field programmable gate arrays, or the like, or any combination thereof.
  • Memory 204 may be representative of any data storage mechanism.
  • Memory 204 may include, for example, a primary memory 204-1 and/or a secondary memory 204-2.
  • Primary memory 204-1 may comprise, for example, a random access memory, read only memory, etc. While illustrated in this example as being separate from the processing units, it should be understood that all or part of a primary memory may be provided within or otherwise co-located and coupled with processing unit 202 or other like circuitry within electronic device 201.
  • Secondary memory 204-2 may comprise, for example, the same or similar type of memory as primary memory and/or one or more data storage devices or systems, such as, for example, a disk drive, an optical disc drive, a tape drive, a solid motion state memory drive, etc.
  • secondary memory 204-2 may be operatively receptive of, or otherwise configurable to couple to, a non-transitory computer readable medium 220.
  • Memory 204 and/or non-transitory computer readable medium 220 may comprise instructions 222 for use in performing data processing, e.g., in accordance with the applicable techniques as provided herein.
  • Computing platform 200 may, for example, further comprise a communication interface 208.
  • Communication interface 208 may, for example, comprise one or more wired and/or wireless network interface units, radios, modems, etc., represented here by one or more receivers 210 and one or more transmitters 212. It should be understood that in certain implementations, communication interface 208 may comprise one or more transceivers, and/or the like. Further, it should be understood that although not shown, communication interface 208 may comprise one or more antennas and/or other circuitry as may be applicable given the communication interface capability.
  • communication interface 208 may be enabled for use with various wired communication networks, e.g., such as telephone system, a local area network, a wide area network, a personal area network, an intranet, the Internet, etc.
  • wired communication networks e.g., such as telephone system, a local area network, a wide area network, a personal area network, an intranet, the Internet, etc.
  • communication interface 208 may, for example, be enabled for use with various wireless communication networks such as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) , a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) , and so on.
  • WWAN wireless wide area network
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • a WWAN may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) network, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) network, a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) network, and so on.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • a CDMA network may implement one or more radio access technologies (RATs) such as cdma2000, Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) , Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) , to name just a few radio technologies.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • cdma2000 may include technologies implemented according to IS-95, IS-2000, and IS-856 standards.
  • a TDMA network may implement Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMBP capability) , or some other RAT.
  • GSM and W-CDMA are described in documents from a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP) .
  • Cdma2000 is described in documents from a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2) .
  • a WLAN may include an IEEE 802.11x network
  • a WPAN may include a Bluetooth network, an IEEE 802.15x, for example.
  • Wireless communication networks may include so-called next generation technologies (e.g., “4G” ) , such as, for example, Long Term Evolution (LTE) , Advanced LTE, WiMAX, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , and/or the like.
  • communication interface (s) 408 may further provide for infrared-based communications with one or more other devices.
  • a WLAN may, for example, comprise an IEEE 802.11x network
  • a WPAN may comprise a Bluetooth network, an IEEE 802.15x, for example.
  • Wireless communication implementations described herein may also be used in connection with any combination of WWAN, WLAN or WPAN.
  • communication interface 208 may, for example, be enabled for use with various wired communication networks, e.g., such as telephone system, a local area network, a wide area network, a personal area network, an intranet, the Internet, etc.
  • wired communication networks e.g., such as telephone system, a local area network, a wide area network, a personal area network, an intranet, the Internet, etc.
  • Computing platform 200 and/or electronic device 201 may, for example, comprise one or more interface mechanisms 214.
  • User interface mechanisms 214 may represent one or more devices or other like mechanisms that may be used to obtain inputs from and/or provide outputs to one or more other devices and/or a user.
  • interface mechanisms 214 may comprise various buttons, switches, a touch pad, a trackball, a joystick, a touch screen, a keyboard, a microphone, a camera, and/or the like, which may be used to receive one or more user inputs.
  • interface mechanisms 214 may comprise various devices that may be used in producing a visual output, an audible output, and/or a tactile output for a user.
  • interface mechanisms 214 may be used to present a video display, graphical user interface, positioning and/or navigation related information, visual representations of electronic map, routing directions, etc., via a display mechanism and/or audio mechanism.
  • Computing platform 200 and/or electronic device 201 may, for example, comprise one or more sensors 216.
  • sensor (s) 216 may represent one or more environmental sensors, such as, e.g., a magnetometer or compass, a barometer or altimeter, a thermometer, a humidity sensor, etc., and which may be useful for positioning and/or determining a motion state.
  • sensor (s) 216 may represent one or more inertial sensors, which may be useful in detecting certain movements of mobile device 102.
  • sensor (s) 216 may represent one or more accelerometers, one or one or more gyroscopes.
  • sensor (s) 216 may represent and/or take the form of one or more input devices such as a sound transducer, a microphone, a camera, a light sensor, etc. It should be understood that, in certain instances, one or more sensor (s) 216 may comprise additional data processing and/or memory circuitry/capabilities, for example, to support the operation of the sensor (s) and/or to operatively couple with other features within computing platform 200.
  • SPS receiver 218 may be capable of acquiring SPS signals 172 (FIG. 1) via one or more antennas (not shown) . SPS receiver 218 may also process, in whole or in part, acquired SPS signals 172 for estimating a position and/or a motion electronic device 201. In certain instances, SPS receiver 218 may comprise one or more processing unit (s) (not shown) , e.g., one or more general purpose processors, one or more digital signal processors DSP (s) , one or more specialized processors that may also be utilized to process acquired SPS signals, in whole or in part, and/or calculate an estimated position of electronic device 201.
  • processing unit e.g., one or more general purpose processors, one or more digital signal processors DSP (s) , one or more specialized processors that may also be utilized to process acquired SPS signals, in whole or in part, and/or calculate an estimated position of electronic device 201.
  • all or part of such processing of acquired SPS signals may be performed by other processing capabilities in electronic device 201, e.g., processing unit (s) 202, memory 204, etc., in conjunction with SPS receiver 218.
  • Storage of SPS or other signals for use in performing positioning operations may be performed in memory 204 or registers (not shown) .
  • sensor (s) 216 may generate analog or digital signals that may be stored in memory 204 and processed by DPS (s) (not shown) or processing unit (s) 202 in support of one or more applications such as, for example, applications directed to positioning or navigation operations based, at least in part, on one or more positioning functions.
  • Processing unit (s) 202, communication interface 208, and/or SPS receiver 208 may for example, comprise a dedicated modem processor or the like that may be capable of performing baseband processing of signals acquired and down converted at receiver (s) 210 of communication interface 208 or SPS receiver 218.
  • a modem processor or the like may perform baseband processing of signals to be up converted for transmission by (wireless) transmitter (s) 212.
  • baseband processing may be performed by a general purpose processor or DSP (e.g., general purpose and/or application processor) .
  • DSP general purpose and/or application processor
  • a processing unit may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , digital signal processing devices (DSPDs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, electronic devices, other devices units designed to perform the functions described herein, and/or combinations thereof.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • DSPDs digital signal processing devices
  • PLDs programmable logic devices
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • example (special purpose) computing platform 200 may represent one or more features that may be provided, as applicable, in various other types of electronic devices.
  • computing platform 200 may represent one or more features that may be provided in network device (s) 120, network device (s) 130, and/or other devices 150 of FIG. 1, e.g., to support communication with one or more other electronic devices, or otherwise perform and/or support one or more localization techniques, etc.
  • a first location process may be performed which makes use of SPS based positioning (at the mobile device) and a second location process may be performed which makes use of a supporting network’s design.
  • a “first indication” corresponding to an SPS based position may be obtained, for example, as a “first estimated position” .
  • a “second indication” corresponding to a service region identifiable within the network e.g., a cell-ID, a sector-IS, etc.
  • a possibly a corresponding representative location of such a service region may be obtained, for example, as a “second estimated position” .
  • a verified estimated position may be determined based, at least in part, on such first and second indications. For example, in certain instances a first estimated position may be compared to an applicable second estimated position to determine whether one or more applicable verification criterion are satisfied.
  • a verification criterion may be satisfied if the first and second estimated positions are within a particular distance of one another or some other reference point (e.g., within 1.0 km, or more/less) , both appear within a particular region (defined or otherwise identifiable area or space, building, city block, floor, section, address, etc. ) , and/or the like or some combination thereof.
  • example verification criterion may correspond to certain characteristics of the considered position/location information. For example, if a SPS position fix is deemed to be too old (in age) , then verification may not be possible, e.g., since the mobile device may have moved in the interim.
  • certain information may be determined to be unsuitable for use based, at least in part, on an age of the information exceeding an acceptable age threshold value (e.g., 120 seconds, or more/less) .
  • an acceptable age threshold value e.g. 120 seconds, or more/less
  • verification may not be possible.
  • information corresponding to an estimated position may be deemed to be unsuitable for use in certain implementations based, at least in part, on at least a portion of information in being incomplete in form, improper with regard to substance, incomprehensible, or some combination thereof or the like.
  • FIG. 3 which is a block diagram illustrating an example environment 300 in which emergency communications (here, e.g., voice calls) from a mobile device 110 may take two different paths (upper path represents an example CS report path, lower path represents an example PS request path) through some example networks to an applicable PSAP.
  • emergency communications here, e.g., voice calls
  • lower path represents an example PS request path
  • the techniques provided herein may be applicable to support a variety of different paths to/from a mobile device 110 and PSAP 152 or other like entity.
  • FIG. 4 is call flow diagram showing certain actions that may occur in accordance with certain example implementations to identify (e.g., point out, provide, etc. ) a “verified estimated position” of a mobile device 110 (represented here as a user equipment (UE) , which may be used interchangeably with mobile device and other like terms) to a PSAP 152 or other like entity.
  • UE user equipment
  • S1, S2, S3, and S4 there are four example positioning process solutions illustrated as S1, S2, S3, and S4. The results of two or more of these solutions may be used to determine whether a verified estimated position of the UE may be determined and identified to PSAP 152.
  • solution S1 may make use of an In-band Modem based eCall to ensure reliable and quick communication setup and location data transmission if practical.
  • actions 1 and 2 which are described below, relate to solution S1.
  • solution S1 may represent an example first location process with regard to certain subject matter as recited in the initial claims herein.
  • a computing device associated with PSAP 152 may receive a first indication corresponding to a first estimated position of the UE (mobile device 110) identified as part of a first location process initiated in response to an emergency communication (see action number 1 below) from the mobile device via a wireless network.
  • a first indication may correspond to all or part of an SPS-based position fix for the mobile device.
  • solutions S2 and S3 may each represent a second location process with regard to certain subject matter as recited in the initial claims herein.
  • an MSC/LRF may be configured to report proactively (S2) (see action 3a below) , or return per request (S3) (see actions 3b-6 below) a second indication corresponding to a second estimated position of the UE (mobile device 110) as reported by the wireless network.
  • the example second indication may comprise Cell ID information or other like information that may correspond to a representative location of a service region identifiable within the wireless network.
  • the first estimated position of the mobile device as reported by the mobile device may be based, at least in part, on at least one SPS signal received at the mobile device, while the second indication may not be based on SPS information but rather network design information.
  • these two different sources of estimated position may be considered with certain verification criterion to determine whether a verified estimated position may be determined/identified based thereon.
  • solution S4 provides yet another way (a third location process which may be different from the first location process of solution S1) to obtain yet a (third) estimated position of the UE, under certain conditions.
  • the third location process applied in solution S4 may make use of SUPL to obtain an updated estimated position which may be the result of an indoor or hybrid positioning process, e.g., in some instances when SPS may be unavailable for a full position fix solution.
  • Example actions 8-10 as described below may correspond to solution S4 (third location process) .
  • a third indication may be obtained corresponding to a third estimated position of the mobile device, the third indication being determined by a third location process that may be different from the first location process, and a verified estimated position of the mobile device may then be determined, for example, based, at least in part, on the second indication and the third indication.
  • a user may originate an emergency call at the UE.
  • the UE may detect the call is targeting to a specific number.
  • the UE may first attempt an In-band eCall and may possibly check whether such an In-band eCall works, e.g. whether the underlying network supports eCall, whether an SPS receiver may provide a useful first estimated position fix, etc.
  • the UE may originate an In-band eCall.
  • the network may route the call from the UE (mobile device 110) to the proper PSAP (Public Safety Answer Point) /Call Center 152.
  • PSAP/Call Center may initially mute the audio path to receive the TDM (Time Division Multiplexed) and In-band Modem modulated MSD (Minimum Set of Data) that may include the SPS (e.g., GNSS) positioning result from UE.
  • TDM Time Division Multiplexed
  • MSD Minimum Set of Data
  • the PSAP/Call Center may subsequently unmute the audio path allowing the PSAP/Call Center Operator and user to communicate, e.g., regarding the emergency situation and discuss rescue measures.
  • the UE may originate a normal emergency call but provide no position results (an example of an unusable position) to the PSAP/Call Center.
  • example action number 2 may be carried over the CS domain.
  • resources within the network may be configured to proactively pass a Cell ID or other like information, e.g., to serve as a second estimated position (possibly a coarse estimate) to PSAP/Call Center 152.
  • the Cell ID or other like or related information may correspond to the serving cell where the UE originates the call.
  • Step 3b in call flow diagram 400 if Step 3a doesn’ t occur (e.g., within a threshold period of time from a time of the emergency communication from the mobile device) , the PSAP/Call Center may send a request to the LRF (Location Retrieval Function) corresponding to the serving operator to retrieve Cell ID and/or other like information.
  • the LRF may pass the information request to the network, e.g., by sending a Location Report Request.
  • the network may determine/obtain the requested (e.g., Cell ID, or other like) information and return it to the LRF, e.g., in a Location Report.
  • the LRF may translate the Cell ID or other like information to a corresponding/representative “second estimated position” and provide such to the PSAP/Call Center 152.
  • the PSAP/Call Center may attempt to determine a verified estimated position for the UE 110, e.g., based, at least in part, on a first indication corresponding to the first estimated position from action 2 and a second indication corresponding to the second estimated position from actions 3a or 6 and some verification criterion.
  • the PSAP/Call Center may, as part of the techniques provided herein, initiate (trigger) a SUPL Emergency NI call process, e.g., as per example action 8 in call flow diagram 400.
  • the PSAP/Call Center may, for example, send a MLP (Mobile Location Protocol, or through other protocol) Location Immediate Request to SLP (SUPL Location Platform) aiming at the UE’s MSISDN.
  • MLP Mobile Location Protocol
  • SLP SUPL Location Platform
  • the SLP may initiate a SUPL Emergency NI process with the UE by sending a SUPL INIT. The process may be carried over PS transport (see, e.g., FIG. 3) .
  • the SUPL Emergency NI process completed the SLP may have the best available estimated position for UE 110, which may, for example, be based, at least in part, on available localization techniques including SPS, a hybrid approach, OTDOA, or enhanced Cell ID result.
  • the SLP may pass a third indicator (corresponding to such a “third estimated position” result) to PSAP/Call Center 152.
  • PSAP/Call Center may then consider using such information to determine a verified estimated position that may be of value for an emergency response to the user of the UE.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process 500 for a UE (e.g., a mobile device) , in accordance with certain implementations.
  • the UE powers up.
  • the UE may compile an emergency number list based on applicable provisions.
  • the user may originate a call.
  • it may be determined whether the called number appears on the emergency number list; if NO, then the process continues at act 510 as a normal call; otherwise, if YES, then the process continues at act 512.
  • the serving network may support an In-band eCall process and (2) if an SPS/GNSS fix may be available; if NO (1) or NO (2) then the process may continue as a normal call at act 514; if YES (1) and YES/NO (2) then the process may continue at act 516, wherein an In-band eCall is attempted with reporting (possibly obtaining too) of an SPS based first estimated position being reported.
  • a decision may be made as to whether a SUPL INIT (emergency) may have been received; if NO, then at act 520 the state may be maintained as normal; else, if YES, then at act 522 a SUPL Emergency LI process may begin.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow diagram illustrating an example process 600 for one or more computing devices supporting or otherwise operatively associated with a PSAP entity or the like, in accordance with certain implementations.
  • the computing device may be in a standby or other like mode (e.g., awaiting a call) .
  • an emergency call may be received.
  • a determination may be made as to whether the emergency call is an In-band eCall; if YES, then the process continues to act 610 in which an In-band eCall process may be performed, e.g., to obtain an SPS/GNSS result for an MSD, etc. ; else, if NO, then at act 612, a normal emergency call process may be followed.
  • a determination may be made as to whether a verified estimated position may be determined at this stage, or if a another location process (e.g., a SUPL process) may be necessary; hence, if YES, then the process continues to act 622; if NO, then at act 620 an applicable SUPL process may be performed.
  • the computing device may return to normal operations.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing an example method 700 for use, at least in part, in determining a verified estimated position of a mobile device, in accordance with certain example implementations.
  • Method 700 may be performed, for example, using one or more computing devices.
  • the one or more computing devices may be associated with a PSAP or other like entity/function.
  • a first indication may be received which corresponds to a first estimated position of a mobile device identified as part of a first location process initiated in response to an emergency communication from the mobile device via a wireless network.
  • a first indication may comprise all or part of the information applicable to indicate the first estimated position.
  • the first indication may identify, at least in part, the first estimated position of the mobile device as reported by the mobile device.
  • the first estimated position of the mobile device as reported by the mobile device may be based, at least in part, on at least one satellite positioning system (SPS) signal received at the mobile device.
  • SPS satellite positioning system
  • a second indication may be obtained which corresponds to a second estimated position of the mobile device as reported by the wireless network.
  • the second indication may be indicative of a service region identifiable within the wireless network (e.g., a cell ID, a sector ID, etc. ) .
  • the second indication may correspond to a representative location (e.g., geographical coordinates, etc. ) of a service region identifiable within the wireless network.
  • obtaining the second indication corresponding to the first estimated position of the mobile device as reported by the wireless network may further comprise receiving the second indicator within a threshold period of time from a time of the emergency communication from the mobile device.
  • a verified estimated position of the mobile device may be determined based, at least in part, on the first indication, the second indication, or both.
  • a verified estimated position may comprise the first estimated position, the second estimated position, or may be derived based, at least in part, on the first estimated position, the second estimated position, or both.
  • the computing device may also determine that the first indication and the second indication do not satisfy a verification criterion if the first indication is determined to be unsuitable for use.
  • a first indication may be determined to be unsuitable for use based, at least in part, on an age of the first indication exceeding an acceptable age threshold value.
  • a first indication may be determined to be unsuitable for use based, at least in part, on at least a portion of information in the first indication being: incomplete in form, improper with regard to substance, incomprehensible, or some combination thereof.
  • a third indication corresponding to a third estimated position of the mobile device may be obtained, the third indication being determined by a third location process that may be different from the first location process; and a verified estimated position of the mobile device may be determined based, at least in part, on the second indication and the third indication.
  • a third indication may be based, at least in part, on at least one SPS signal received at the mobile device.
  • a third indication may be based, at least in part, on at least one wireless signal received at the mobile device from a terrestrial-based transmitting device (e.g., an access point device, a beacon device, etc.
  • such a terrestrial-based transmitting device is provisioned as part of the wireless network carrying the emergency call, part of another wireless network, etc.
  • the first location process may comprise an in-band eCall process, and/or the another (third) process may comprise a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) network initiated (NI) process.
  • obtaining the third indication further comprise, at the computing device, initiating the third location process to obtain the third indication corresponding to a third estimated position of the mobile device.
  • initiating a third location process may comprise, at the computing device, sending a location request to a SUPL Location Platform (SLP) , wherein the location request may, for example, indicate a Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number (MSISDN) of the mobile device.
  • SUPL Location Platform SUPL Location Platform
  • MSISDN Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number
  • acts 706 or 708 may further comprise, at the computing device, identifying the verified estimated position of the mobile device to a public-safety answering point (PSAP) .
  • PSAP public-safety answering point
  • a processing unit may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits ("ASICs”) , digital signal processors (“DSPs”) , digital signal processing devices (“DSPDs”) , programmable logic devices (“PLDs”) , field programmable gate arrays (“FPGAs”) , processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, electronic devices, other devices units designed to perform the functions described herein, or combinations thereof.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • DSPs digital signal processors
  • DSPDs digital signal processing devices
  • PLDs programmable logic devices
  • FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
  • processors controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, electronic devices, other devices units designed to perform the functions described herein, or combinations thereof.
  • such quantities may take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared or otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signals as bits, data, values, elements, octets, integers, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, numerals, or the like. It should be understood, however, that all of these or similar terms are to be associated with appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels.
  • a special purpose computer or a similar special purpose electronic computing device is capable of manipulating or transforming signals, typically represented as physical electronic or magnetic quantities within memories, registers, or other information storage devices, transmission devices, or display devices of the special purpose computer or similar special purpose electronic computing device.
  • Wireless communication techniques described herein may be in connection with various wireless communications networks such as a wireless wide area network (“WWAN”) , a wireless local area network (“WLAN”) , a wireless personal area network (WPAN) , and so on.
  • WWAN wireless wide area network
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • WPAN wireless personal area network
  • a WWAN may be a Code Division Multiple Access (“CDMA”) network, a Time Division Multiple Access (“TDMA”) network, a Frequency Division Multiple Access (“FDMA”) network, an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (“OFDMA”) network, a Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (“SC-FDMA”) network, or any combination of the above networks, and so on.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • a CDMA network may implement one or more radio access technologies (“RATs”) such as cdma2000, Wideband CDMA (“WCDMA”) , to name just a few radio technologies.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • cdma2000 may include technologies implemented according to IS-95, IS-2000, and IS-856 standards.
  • a TDMA network may implement Global System for Mobile Communications ("GSM”) , Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (“D-AMPS”) , or some other RAT.
  • GSM and WCDMA are described in documents from a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (“3GPP”) .
  • Cdma2000 is described in documents from a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (“3GPP2”) .
  • 3GPP and 3GPP2 documents are publicly available.
  • 4G Long Term Evolution (“LTE”) communications networks may also be implemented in accordance with claimed subject matter, in an aspect.
  • a WLAN may comprise an IEEE 802.11x network
  • a WPAN may comprise a Bluetooth network, an IEEE 802.15x, for example.
  • Wireless communication implementations described herein may also be used in connection with any combination of WWAN, WLAN or WPAN.
  • a wireless transmitter or access point may comprise a femtocell, also known as a “small cell” or “home base station” , utilized to extend cellular telephone service into a small area such as a business or home.
  • a femtocell also known as a “small cell” or “home base station”
  • one or more mobile devices may communicate with a femtocell via a code division multiple access (“CDMA") cellular communication protocol or via LTE, for example, and the femtocell may provide the mobile device access to a larger cellular telecommunication network by way of another broadband network such as the Internet.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • Terrestrial transmitters may, for example, include ground-based transmitters that broadcast a PN code or other ranging code (e.g., similar to a GPS or CDMA cellular signal) . Such a transmitter may be assigned a unique PN code so as to permit identification by a remote receiver.
  • Terrestrial transmitters may be useful, for example, to augment an SPS in situations where SPS signals from an orbiting SV might be unavailable, such as in tunnels, mines, buildings, urban canyons or other enclosed areas.
  • Another implementation of pseudolites is known as radio-beacons.
  • the term "SV” is intended to include terrestrial transmitters acting as pseudolites, equivalents of pseudolites, and possibly others.
  • SPS signals and/or "SV signals” , as used herein, is intended to include SPS-like signals from terrestrial transmitters, including terrestrial transmitters acting as pseudolites or equivalents of pseudolites.
  • Examples described herein may include machines, devices, engines, or apparatuses that operate using digital signals.
  • Such signals may comprise electronic signals, optical signals, electromagnetic signals, or any form of energy that provides information between locations.

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