WO2017024815A1 - 一种能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器 - Google Patents

一种能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器 Download PDF

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WO2017024815A1
WO2017024815A1 PCT/CN2016/080211 CN2016080211W WO2017024815A1 WO 2017024815 A1 WO2017024815 A1 WO 2017024815A1 CN 2016080211 W CN2016080211 W CN 2016080211W WO 2017024815 A1 WO2017024815 A1 WO 2017024815A1
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stepped
outer casing
tapered
gradual
inner liner
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PCT/CN2016/080211
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English (en)
French (fr)
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袁洪林
包志安
刘旭
梁鹏
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袁洪林
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Publication of WO2017024815A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017024815A1/zh
Priority to US15/836,870 priority Critical patent/US10406480B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/112—Metals or metal compounds not provided for in B01D2253/104 or B01D2253/106
    • B01D2253/1122—Metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/106—Gold
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/60—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • B01D2257/602—Mercury or mercury compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
    • B01D53/82—Solid phase processes with stationary reactants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a filter capable of removing mercury in a high purity gas or aerosol, and can be applied to existing mainstream micro-analysis techniques, such as laser ablation system quadrupole, multi-receiver, high resolution plasma mass spectrometry for lead isotope.
  • Analytical applied research including LA-Q-ICPMS, LA-HR-ICPMS and LA-MC-ICPMS), such as zirconium uranium lead dating, single minerals (such as sulfides, silicate minerals, etc.) and trace amounts in archaeological samples Direct and accurate analysis of lead isotopes.
  • Micro-analysis technology has been developed rapidly in recent years with the development of new theories and new lasers. It is an in-situ micro-sampling technology that can realize micro-area analysis, in which laser ablation technology is fast and analytical. The results are widely used, such as high accuracy, relatively low cost of acquisition and analysis, and the combination of four-stage or high-resolution plasma mass spectrometry can be used to analyze the content of main and trace elements and the composition of some isotopes. , combined with multi-receiving plasma mass spectrometry, can perform high-precision analysis of multiple isotopes of different types of samples. Therefore, micro-analysis technology has been widely used in the fields of earth science, archaeological science, materials science, life science, criminal investigation and handling cases in recent years.
  • the basic principle of laser ablation technology is that the laser ablation system focuses the laser on the surface of the sample placed in the sample chamber to be ablated, and the resulting ablated particles are transported to the plasma through a transmission pipe using a carrier gas (usually helium). Ionization and analysis are performed in the mass spectrum to obtain the elemental content or isotopic composition of the sample.
  • a carrier gas usually helium
  • the lead isotope analysis of the sample micro-area can provide specific information about the sample, such as the geological process experienced by the rock mass where the geological sample is located in the earth sciences.
  • the environmental science can be used to study the source of environmental pollutants. Study the source area of the sample, etc.
  • Light ablation plasma mass spectrometry analysis of lead isotopes in different samples in these studies is of great significance. However, due to the trace amount of mercury in the carrier gas and the supporting gas (Ar) used in the plasma, the presence of these mercury seriously affects the accurate determination of the 204Pb of the lead isotope in the micro-analysis, and 204Pb belongs to the low abundance (ordinary lead).
  • isotopes There are 4 isotopes, 204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb, respectively.
  • the corresponding abundances are 1.4245%, 24.1447%, 22.0827%, 52.3481%.
  • the commonly used Pb isotope ratios in the study refer to 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb), because the disturbed low abundance 204Pb is in the denominator, the trace amount of mercury in the sample (204Hg interference 204Pb analysis) has a serious impact on the analytical accuracy of lead isotope.
  • Some samples such as chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite in mineral deposit research, often contain higher levels of mercury, or some samples have lower lead content (less than 5 ppm), making these samples unable to pass the current Accurate analysis by laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the problem of the accurate determination of the 204Pb of the lead isotope by microdomain analysis due to the frequent trace amounts of mercury in the carrier gas and the supporting gas (Ar) used in the plasma.
  • the present invention provides a filter capable of removing mercury in a high-purity gas or aerosol, comprising a cylindrical outer chamber having an intake pipe and an outlet pipe at both ends of the outer chamber, and a plurality of outer chambers are installed.
  • the stepped inner liner and the tapered outer casing are matched with each other, and the stepped inner liner is a rhombic body having a circular cross section, the rhomboid surface is a stepped surface, and the step is from the vertex of both ends to the middlemost thick diameter position.
  • the tapered outer casing has a columnar shape, and a stepped hole which is matched with the step surface of the stepped inner tank is distributed from the both ends toward the center thereof on the axial center thereof.
  • the outer diameter of the tapered outer casing is the same as the outer diameter of the outer casing, and a stepped inner liner is installed between the two adjacent tapered outer casings.
  • a stepped hole on the stepped inner liner and a stepped hole in the tapered outer casing have a gold plating layer of 2 to 10 ⁇ m, and a stepped space between the stepped surface of the stepped inner liner and the stepped hole of the tapered outer casing forms a gap passage. Connect the intake and outlet pipes.
  • the stepped inner liner has a support ring outside the thickest diameter position, and the support ring has a through hole.
  • the outer circle of the support ring is connected with the inner wall of the tapered outer casing to support the stepped inner liner to form a stepped inner liner. And the gap channel of the tapered jacket.
  • the stepped corners on the step surface of the stepped inner liner are rounded, and the stepped corners in the stepped holes of the tapered outer casing are also rounded.
  • the gradual-shaped outer casing is divided into a convex gradual outer casing and a flat gradual outer casing, and the axial center of the convex gradual outer casing is arranged with a stepped hole from the two ends to the middle in the axial direction, so that the convex gradual outer casing is transparent, and the convex gradual gradient An enlarged diameter area is arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the jacket.
  • the end faces of the plane-grading jacket are provided with mounting holes, and stepped holes are distributed from the bottom of the mounting holes at both ends toward the axially-graded outer casing, so that the plane-graded outer casing is transparent.
  • the outer diameter of the convex grading jacket is equal to the diameter of the mounting hole, and the outer diameter of the convex grading jacket is equal to the outer diameter of the plane grading jacket, and the two ends of the convex grading jacket are respectively installed in different plane gradations. In the mounting hole of the jacket, use the expansion area to locate.
  • An O-ring is mounted on the mounting surface between the convex tapered jacket and the flat tapered jacket.
  • the gradient shape design is used to enlarge the contact surface area of gas or aerosol with gold.
  • the gas path is unobstructed, the structure is simple, and the operation is easy to realize.
  • the aerosol is mixed and dispersed multiple times, so that the laser ablation aerosol of the pulse signal has better mixing effect, which greatly improves the stability of the analytical signal, and the lead isotope analysis result has Higher precision.
  • the distance between the outer surface of the inner liner and the inner surface of the outer casing is equal, and there is a circular chamfer at the corresponding corner, so that there is no swirling, eddy current and dead angle when the aerosol passes, and the possibility of mutual contamination of aerosol between different samples is avoided. Improve analysis accuracy.
  • the inner surface of the inner liner and the inner surface of the outer sleeve have a gold plating layer of 2-10 micrometers, which greatly reduces the development cost of the equipment without changing the mercury removal effect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of such a filter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a stepped liner.
  • Figure 3 is a left side view of the stepped liner.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a convexly tapered outer casing.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a plane-graded jacket.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the fitting of a stepped inner liner, a convexly tapered outer casing and a flat tapered outer casing.
  • the embodiment provides a filter capable of removing mercury in a high-purity gas or an aerosol, and includes a cylindrical outer chamber 2 in combination with the outer tube 2 and the outlet tube respectively at two ends of the outer chamber 2, respectively. 5.
  • the outer chamber 2 is internally provided with a plurality of sets of stepped inner liners 1 and tapered outer sleeves 4, which are arranged to cooperate with each other.
  • the stepped inner liner 1 is a rhombic body having a circular cross section, the rhomboid surface is a stepped surface, and the steps are sequentially distributed from the apex of the both ends to the most coarse diameter position in the middle, and the tapered outer casing 4 has a columnar shape.
  • a stepped hole that fits the step surface of the stepped inner liner 1 is distributed from the both ends toward the center.
  • the outer diameter of the tapered outer casing 4 is the same as the inner diameter of the outer chamber 2, and a stepped inner liner 1 is installed between the two adjacent tapered outer casings 4.
  • a stepped hole of the stepped inner liner 1 and a stepped hole of the tapered outer casing 4 have a gold plating layer of 2 to 10 ⁇ m, and a stepped passage 6 is formed between the stepped surface of the stepped inner liner 1 and the stepped hole of the tapered outer casing 4, The gap passage 6 communicates with the intake pipe 3 and the outlet pipe 5.
  • a high purity gas or aerosol is introduced into the apparatus through the intake pipe 3, through which the high purity gas or aerosol can pass unimpeded through the filter and finally withdrawn from the gas outlet pipe 5.
  • the high purity gas or aerosol is respectively connected to the stepped surface of the stepped inner liner 1 and the stepped step of the tapered outer casing 4.
  • the gold-plated layer on the hole is sufficiently contacted several times, so that the trace mercury in the high-purity gas or aerosol can effectively form gold amalgam with the gold plating on the outer surface of the inner liner and the inner surface of the outer casing, thereby removing mercury.
  • the aerosol passes through the filter, it is dispersed and concentrated by the void passage 6 a plurality of times, and when the aerosol is filtered, the aerosol distribution can be more uniform and the homogenization effect is achieved.
  • the embodiment is further improved.
  • the stepped inner liner 1 has a ring of support rings 9 at the outermost diameter position.
  • the support ring 9 has a through hole and is high.
  • the pure gas or aerosol passes through the through hole here, and the outer circle of the support ring 9 is connected with the inner wall of the tapered outer casing 4 to support the stepped inner liner 1 to form a gap passage of the stepped inner liner 1 and the tapered outer casing 4. 6.
  • the gap passage 6 between the stepped inner liner 1 and the tapered outer sleeve 4 is formed identically, without dead angles, so that the aerosol can smoothly pass through the passage.
  • the stepped corners on the step surface of the stepped inner liner 1 are rounded, and the stepped corners in the stepped holes of the tapered outer casing 4 are also rounded, so that there is no dead volume when the gas or gas passes through.
  • the passage is smoother.
  • the high purity gas or aerosol is continuously dispersed in the gap channel 6 and polymerized at the end of the step, and then dispersed in the next step, continuously dispersed and polymerized, in the process of filtering the aerosol to the aerosol, due to
  • the aerosol changes its direction multiple times in the gradual channel, and it is mixed and dispersed multiple times. Therefore, it has a good homogenization effect on the pulse signal, which makes the analysis signal more stable, not only can the mercury signal in the carrier gas be removed, but also the gas can be realized.
  • the removal of mercury from the sol greatly enhances the reliability of low-level lead isotope analysis by laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry.
  • the present embodiment further describes the tapered outer casing 4.
  • the tapered outer casing 4 is divided into a convex gradient outer casing 7 and a flat gradient outer casing 8, as shown in FIG.
  • the axis of the convex-graded outer casing 7 is distributed with stepped holes from the ends to the middle in the axial direction, so that the convex-graded outer casing 7 is transparent, and the outer diameter wall of the convex-graded outer casing 7 is provided with the expanded diameter region 10.
  • the end faces of the flat gradual outer casing 8 are provided with mounting holes 11, and stepped holes are distributed from the bottom of the mounting holes 11 at both ends toward the axial center of the flat grading outer casing 8, so that the flat gradual outer casing 8 is transparent.
  • the outer diameter of the convex-graded outer casing 7 is equal to the outer diameter of the mounting hole 11, and the outer diameter of the enlarged-diameter outer casing 10 is equal to the outer diameter of the flat-graded outer casing 8, and the two ends of the convex-graded outer casing 7 are respectively mounted differently.
  • the mounting hole 11 of the plane-graded outer casing 8 is positioned by the expanded diameter region 10.
  • the outermost diameters of the convex-graded outer casing 7 and the flat-graded outer casing 8 are both at the inner wall of the outer chamber 2.
  • the outer chambers 2 in this embodiment have curved surfaces at both ends, correspondingly, The flat-graded outer casing 8 at this point is also adjusted in shape to meet the installation requirements.
  • High The pure gas or aerosol enters the intake pipe 3 at the left end, and the inner end of the intake pipe 3 is connected to the gap passage 6, and then is diverged along the step, and the gold plating layer on the step continuously forms a gold amalgam with a trace amount of mercury therein.
  • an O-ring is mounted on the mounting surface between the convex-graded outer casing 7 and the flat-graded outer casing 8 to achieve a sealing effect, so that high-purity gas or aerosol can only be in the intake pipe 3 and the clearance passage. 6, the outlet pipe 5 in such a path forward, will not escape to other locations.
  • the filter of the present invention capable of removing mercury in a high-purity gas or aerosol makes it possible to perform ultra-low-level lead isotope analysis of minerals that cannot be realized in current micro-analysis. This is of great significance for the current laser ablation quadrupole plasma mass spectrometry and multi-receiving plasma mass spectrometry in the study of zircon dating and single mineral lead isotope composition analysis.

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Abstract

一种能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，包括柱形的外室(2)，外室(2)的两端分别有进气管(3)和出气管(5)，外室(2)内部安装有多组相互配合安装的阶梯型内胆(1)和渐变形外套(4)，相邻两个渐变形外套(4)中间安装一个阶梯型内胆(1)，阶梯型内胆(1)的阶梯面上和渐变形外套(4)的阶梯孔上均有2～10μm的镀金层，阶梯型内胆(1)的阶梯面和渐变形外套(4)的阶梯孔之间形成空隙通道(6)，该空隙通道(6)连通进气管(3)和出气管(5)。通过镀金层吸附汞形成金汞齐，达到过滤汞的目的，使得目前微区分析中无法实现的矿物中超低含量铅同位素分析成为可能，对当前的激光剥蚀四级杆等离子体质谱和多接收等离子体质谱技术在锆石定年和单矿物铅同位素组成分析的研究具有重要意义。

Description

一种能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，可应用于现有主流微区分析技术，如激光剥蚀系统四级杆、多接收、高分辨等离子体质谱进行铅同位素分析的应用研究(含LA-Q-ICPMS，LA-HR-ICPMS和LA-MC-ICPMS)，如锆石铀铅定年、单矿物(如硫化物、硅酸盐矿物等)和考古样品中微量铅同位素的直接准确分析。
背景技术
微区分析技术是近年来随着新理论和新型激光器的研究进展得到了较快的发展，是一项可以实现微米区域分析的原位微区采样技术，其中激光剥蚀技术以分析速度快、分析结果准确度高、购置及分析成本相对较低等而得到广泛的应用，该技术与四级杆或高分辨率等离子体质谱联用，可以进行样品的主、微量元素含量和部分同位素的组成分析，与多接收等离子体质谱联用，可以进行不同类型样品的多种同位素高精度分析。因此，微区分析技术近年来在地球科学、考古科学、材料科学、生命科学、刑侦办案等领域得到了广泛应用。
激光剥蚀技术的基本原理是功过激光剥蚀系统将激光聚焦于置于样品室中的样品表面待分析部位进行剥蚀，产生的剥蚀颗粒物利用载气(通常为氦气)通过传输管道传送至等离子体质谱中进行离子化和分析，从而得到样品的元素含量或同位素组成。
样品微区的铅同位素分析由于能够提供样品特殊的信息，如在地球科学中可研究地质样品所在岩体所经历的地质过程，环境科学中能够用来研究环境污染物的来源，考古科学中可研究样品的矿料源区等，因而利用激 光剥蚀等离子体质谱分析这些研究中不同样品的铅同位素具有重要的意义。然而，由于载气和用于等离子体的支撑气体(Ar)中常含量微量的汞，这些汞的存在严重影响了微区分析铅同位素的204Pb的准确测定，并且有204Pb属于低丰度(普通铅有4个同位素，分别为204Pb、206Pb、207Pb和208Pb，对应的丰度分别为1.4245％，24.1447％，22.0827％，52.3481％，研究中常用的Pb同位素比值是指206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb)，由于受干扰的低丰度204Pb位于分母，样品微量的汞(204Hg干扰204Pb分析)会对铅同位素的分析准确度具有严重的影响。而部分样品，如矿床研究中的黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿等，常含有较高含量的汞，或者部分样品的铅含量较低(低于5ppm)，使得这些样品无法通过目前的激光剥蚀等离子体质谱技术准确分析。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服由于载气和用于等离子体的支撑气体(Ar)中常含量微量的汞，这些汞的存在严重影响了微区分析铅同位素的204Pb的准确测定的问题。
为此，本发明提供了一种能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，包括柱形的外室，外室的两端分别有进气管和出气管，外室内部安装有多组相互配合安装的阶梯型内胆和渐变形外套，所述的阶梯型内胆为菱形体，其截面为圆形，该菱形体表面为阶梯面，阶梯从两端顶点到中间最粗径位置依次分布，所述的渐变形外套外形为柱状，在其轴心上从两端向中心分布有与阶梯型内胆的阶梯面配合的阶梯孔。
所述渐变形外套外径与外室内径相同，相邻两个渐变形外套中间安装一个阶梯型内胆。
所述阶梯型内胆的阶梯面上和渐变形外套的阶梯孔上均有2～10μm的镀金层，阶梯型内胆的阶梯面和渐变形外套的阶梯孔之间形成空隙通道，该空隙通道连通进气管和出气管。
所述的阶梯型内胆中间最粗径位置外有一圈支撑环，该支撑环上有通孔，支撑环的外圆与渐变形外套内壁相接支撑起阶梯型内胆，形成阶梯型内胆和渐变形外套的空隙通道。
所述的阶梯型内胆的阶梯面上的阶梯拐角均倒有圆角，渐变形外套的阶梯孔中的阶梯拐角也倒有圆角。
所述的渐变形外套分为凸面渐变形外套和平面渐变形外套，所述凸面渐变形外套的轴心沿轴向从两端到中间分布有阶梯孔，使凸面渐变形外套通透，凸面渐变形外套外壁中间设有扩径区。
所述的平面渐变形外套的两端面设有安装孔，由两端的安装孔底部向平面渐变形外套轴向中心分布有阶梯孔，使平面渐变形外套通透。
所述的凸面渐变形外套的外径等于安装孔的孔径，凸面渐变形外套扩径区的外径等于平面渐变形外套的外径，凸面渐变形外套的两端分别装在不同的平面渐变形外套的安装孔中，并用扩径区进行定位。
所述的凸面渐变形外套和平面渐变形外套之间的安装面上安装有O型密封圈。
本发明的有益效果：
1.采用渐变形设计，扩大气体或气溶胶与金的接触表面积，气路无阻碍，结构简单，操作易于实现。
2.气溶胶多次混合和分散，使得脉冲信号的激光剥蚀气溶胶具有更好的混合效果，大大提升了分析信号的稳定性，使得铅同位素分析结果具有 更高的精密度。
3.内胆外表面和外套内表面的距离相等，对应拐角处均具有圆弧倒角，使得气溶胶通过时无旋流、涡流、死角，避免了不同样品间气溶胶相互污染的可能性，提高分析准确度。
4.内胆外表面和外套内表面均具有2-10微米的镀金层，在不改变汞去除效果的前提下大大降低的设备的研制成本。
附图说明
以下将结合附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。
图1是本发明的这种过滤器的剖面示意图。
图2是阶梯型内胆的结构示意图。
图3是阶梯型内胆的左视图。
图4是凸面渐变形外套的结构示意图。
图5是平面渐变形外套的结构示意图。
图6是阶梯型内胆、凸面渐变形外套以及平面渐变形外套配合安装示意图。
附图标记说明：1、阶梯型内胆；2、外室；3、进气管；4、渐变形外套；5、出气管；6、空隙通道；7、凸面渐变形外套；8、平面渐变形外套；9、支撑环；10、扩径区；11、安装孔。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
本实施例提供一种能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，结合图1至图5，包括柱形的外室2，外室2的两端分别有进气管3和出气管5，外室2内部安装有多组相互配合安装的阶梯型内胆1和渐变形外套4，所述的 阶梯型内胆1为菱形体，其截面为圆形，该菱形体表面为阶梯面，阶梯从两端顶点到中间最粗径位置依次分布，所述的渐变形外套4外形为柱状，在其轴心上从两端向中心分布有与阶梯型内胆1的阶梯面配合的阶梯孔。
渐变形外套4外径与外室2内径相同，相邻两个渐变形外套4中间安装一个阶梯型内胆1。
阶梯型内胆1的阶梯面上和渐变形外套4的阶梯孔上均有2～10μm的镀金层，阶梯型内胆1的阶梯面和渐变形外套4的阶梯孔之间形成空隙通道6，该空隙通道6连通进气管3和出气管5。
将高纯气体或气溶胶通过进气管3引入本装置，通过空隙通道6，高纯气体或气溶胶能够无阻碍地通过该过滤器，最终由出气管5引出。在进入本装置后，由于阶梯型内胆1的阶梯面和渐变形外套4的阶梯孔的作用，使得高纯气体或气溶胶分别与阶梯型内胆1的阶梯面和渐变形外套4的阶梯孔上的镀金层多次充分接触，使得高纯气体或气溶胶中的微量汞能够有效与内胆外表面和外套内表面的镀金形成金汞齐，起到去除汞的目的。同时，气溶胶在经过本过滤器时，多次通过空隙通道6进行分散和会聚，在对气溶胶过滤时候，能使得气溶胶的分布更加均匀，达到匀化的效果。
实施例2：
在实施例1的基础上，本实施例进一步改进，如图2和图3所示，阶梯型内胆1中间最粗径位置外有一圈支撑环9，该支撑环9上有通孔，高纯气体或气溶胶在此处由该通孔通过，支撑环9的外圆与渐变形外套4内壁相接支撑起阶梯型内胆1，形成阶梯型内胆1和渐变形外套4的空隙通道6。
支撑环9的作用下，使得形成阶梯型内胆1和渐变形外套4之间的空隙通道6处处相同，无死角，使得气溶胶能够在通道中顺畅通行。
进一步地，在阶梯型内胆1的阶梯面上的阶梯拐角均倒有圆角，渐变形外套4的阶梯孔中的阶梯拐角也倒有圆角，这样使得气体或气溶通过时没有死体积，通行更加畅通。
高纯气体或气溶胶在空隙通道6内不断地在阶梯处分散，又在阶梯终点处聚合，然后又在下一段阶梯上分散，不断分散和聚合，在对气溶胶实施过滤汞的过程中，由于气溶胶在渐变形通道中多次改变方向，多次混合分散，故对脉冲信号具有较好的匀化效果，使得分析信号更加稳定，不仅可以实现载气中的汞信号去除，也可实现气溶胶中汞的去除，大大提升了激光剥蚀等离子体质谱进行低含量铅同位素分析的可靠性。
实施例3：
在实施例1和实施例2的基础上，本实施例对渐变形外套4进一步说明，在本实施例中，渐变形外套4分为凸面渐变形外套7和平面渐变形外套8，如图4所示，所述凸面渐变形外套7的轴心沿轴向从两端到中间分布有阶梯孔，使凸面渐变形外套7通透，凸面渐变形外套7外壁中间设有扩径区10。如图5所示，平面渐变形外套8的两端面设有安装孔11，由两端的安装孔11底部向平面渐变形外套8轴向中心分布有阶梯孔，使平面渐变形外套8通透。
凸面渐变形外套7的外径等于安装孔11的孔径，凸面渐变形外套7扩径区10的外径等于平面渐变形外套8的外径，凸面渐变形外套7的两端分别装在不同的平面渐变形外套8的安装孔11中，并用扩径区10进行定位。
结合图1和图6，凸面渐变形外套7和平面渐变形外套8的最外径均在外室2的内壁处，当然本实施例中的外室2的两端有弧面，则对应的，该处的平面渐变形外套8也作相应的形状上的调整，使其满足安装要求。高 纯气体或气溶胶由左端的进气管3进入，进气管3的内端连接着间隙通道6，然后呈发散状沿阶梯引下去，由阶梯上的镀金层不断与其中微量的汞形成金汞齐，达到过滤汞的作用，到达第一个凸面渐变形外套7的最中心处后聚合在一起，然后由开始沿阶梯发散，再在第一个平面渐变形外套8的最中心处聚合在一起，接着再沿阶梯发散，重复聚合发散，去除其中的汞，在阶梯上形成金汞齐，最终由出气管5引出，此时高纯气体或气溶胶中的微量汞已经被过滤了。
在本实施例中，凸面渐变形外套7和平面渐变形外套8之间的安装面上安装有O型密封圈，达到密封效果，使得高纯气体或气溶胶只能在进气管3、间隙通道6、出气管5这样的路径中前行，不会逸散到其他位置。
综上所述，本发明的这种能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，使得目前微区分析中无法实现的矿物中超低含量铅同位素分析成为可能。这对于当前的激光剥蚀四极杆等离子体质谱和多接收等离子体质谱技术在锆石定年和单矿物铅同位素组成分析的研究具有重要意义。
以上例举仅仅是对本发明的举例说明，并不构成对本发明的保护范围的限制，凡是与本发明相同或相似的设计均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，包括柱形的外室(2)，外室(2)的两端分别有进气管(3)和出气管(5)，其特征在于：外室(2)内部安装有多组相互配合安装的阶梯型内胆(1)和渐变形外套(4)，所述的阶梯型内胆(1)为菱形体，其截面为圆形，该菱形体表面为阶梯面，阶梯从两端顶点到中间最粗径位置依次分布，所述的渐变形外套(4)外形为柱状，在其轴心上从两端向中心分布有与阶梯型内胆(1)的阶梯面配合的阶梯孔；
    所述渐变形外套(4)外径与外室(2)内径相同，相邻两个渐变形外套(4)中间安装一个阶梯型内胆(1)；
    所述阶梯型内胆(1)的阶梯面上和渐变形外套(4)的阶梯孔上均有2～10μm的镀金层，阶梯型内胆(1)的阶梯面和渐变形外套(4)的阶梯孔之间形成空隙通道(6)，该空隙通道(6)连通进气管(3)和出气管(5)。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，其特征在于：所述的阶梯型内胆(1)中间最粗径位置外有一圈支撑环(9)，该支撑环(9)上有通孔，支撑环(9)的外圆与渐变形外套(4)内壁相接支撑起阶梯型内胆(1)，形成阶梯型内胆(1)和渐变形外套(4)的空隙通道(6)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，其特征在于：所述的阶梯型内胆(1)的阶梯面上的阶梯拐角均倒有圆角，渐变形外套(4)的阶梯孔中的阶梯拐角也倒有圆角。
  4. 如权利要求1或2或3所述的能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，其特征在于：所述的渐变形外套(4)分为凸面渐变形外套(7)和平面渐变形外套(8)，所述凸面渐变形外套(7)的轴心沿轴向从两端到中间分布有阶梯孔，使凸面渐变形外套(7)通透，凸面渐变形外套(7)外壁中间设有扩径区(10)；
    所述的平面渐变形外套(8)的两端面设有安装孔(11)，由两端的安装孔(11)底部向平面渐变形外套(8)轴向中心分布有阶梯孔，使平面渐变形外套(8)通透；
    所述的凸面渐变形外套(7)的外径等于安装孔(11)的孔径，凸面渐变形外套(7)扩径区(10)的外径等于平面渐变形外套(8)的外径，凸面渐变形外套(7)的两端分别装在不同的平面渐变形外套(8)的安装孔(11)中，并用扩径区(10)进行定位。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的能去除高纯气体或气溶胶中的汞的过滤器，其特征在于：所述的凸面渐变形外套(7)和平面渐变形外套(8)之间的安装面上安装有O型密封圈。
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