WO2017020196A1 - 探测装置、探测系统、探测方法，以及可移动设备 - Google Patents

探测装置、探测系统、探测方法，以及可移动设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017020196A1
WO2017020196A1 PCT/CN2015/085783 CN2015085783W WO2017020196A1 WO 2017020196 A1 WO2017020196 A1 WO 2017020196A1 CN 2015085783 W CN2015085783 W CN 2015085783W WO 2017020196 A1 WO2017020196 A1 WO 2017020196A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
axis
signal
transmitter
driver
detecting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/085783
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢捷斌
任伟
马维斯
周谷越
Original Assignee
深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN201580002810.3A priority Critical patent/CN105874349B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/085783 priority patent/WO2017020196A1/zh
Publication of WO2017020196A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017020196A1/zh
Priority to US15/885,174 priority patent/US11237252B2/en
Priority to US17/589,473 priority patent/US20220326355A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/933—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a detecting device, a detecting system, a detecting method, and a movable device using the same.
  • laser radar is often used as a distance measuring sensor or obstacle detector because the laser signal emitted by the laser radar is relatively reliable and stable.
  • the laser radiation angle of the laser radar is small, and the detection range covered by the emitted laser light is small when performing ranging or performing obstacle detection work.
  • a detecting device includes a controller, a transmitting component, and a receiver, and the receiver and the transmitting component are respectively electrically connected to the controller.
  • the transmitting assembly includes a transmitter, a driver and a reflector, the reflector being coupled to the driver and disposed adjacent to the transmitter.
  • the controller is capable of controlling the driver to drive the reflector to rotate such that the signal emitted by the transmitter can be reflected by the reflector and emitted in multiple directions.
  • the transmitter is a laser transmitter and the signal is a laser signal.
  • the transmitter includes a transmitting head.
  • the transmitter further includes a transmitting lens coupled to the transmitting head.
  • the transmitting head is a laser emitting head
  • the emitting lens is a collimating lens
  • the driver is a microelectromechanical system driver.
  • a micro-actuator is disposed in the driver, and the reflector is coupled to the micro-actuator, and the micro-actuator is capable of driving the reflector to rotate about a predetermined angle about at least one axis.
  • the number of the at least one axis is two, and is respectively a first axis and a second axis intersecting the first axis, and the micro actuator is capable of driving the reflector around the first axis Or / and rotated a predetermined angle about the second axis.
  • first axis and the second axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the number of the at least one axis is three, and is respectively a first axis, a second axis, and an additional axis, and the first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis intersect at two.
  • first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the receiver includes a photodiode capable of receiving a signal reflected by the signal emitted by the transmitting component via an obstacle and converting the reflected signal into an electrical signal.
  • the receiver further includes a receiving lens disposed on the photodiode.
  • the detecting device further includes a modulator capable of amplitude modulating a signal transmitted by the transmitter.
  • a detection system that operates on a detection device that includes a controller, a transmitting component, and a receiver.
  • the transmitting assembly includes a transmitter, a driver and a reflector, the reflector being coupled to the driver and disposed adjacent to the transmitter.
  • the detection system includes: a transmission control module, configured to control the transmitter to transmit a signal; and a driving module, configured to control the driver to drive the reflector to rotate, so that the signal emitted by the transmitter can pass through After the reflector is reflected, it is emitted in multiple directions.
  • the detecting system further includes a receiving module, wherein the receiving module is configured to control the receiver to receive a signal reflected by the transmitting component after the obstacle is encountered, to allow the controller to The reflected signal calculates the orientation of the obstacle relative to the detection device.
  • the detection system further includes an operation module, configured to calculate a distance between the obstacle and the detecting device according to a transmission time of the signal and a receiving time of the reflected signal.
  • the detection system further includes an operation module, configured to calculate a phase delay generated during transmission and reception of the signal transmitted by the transmitting component, and calculate between the obstacle and the detecting device distance.
  • the transmitter includes a transmitting head, and the transmitting control module is configured to control the transmitting head to transmit the signal, and the signal is a laser signal.
  • the emission control module is configured to control the transmitting head to transmit the signal to the reflector
  • the driving module is configured to control the driver to drive the reflector to rotate by a predetermined angle to Shoot in multiple directions.
  • the operation module is configured to calculate an orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device according to an angle of rotation of the reflector and a receiving time of the reflected signal.
  • a method of detecting is applied to a detecting device, the detecting device comprising a controller and a transmitting component, the transmitting component comprising a transmitter, a driver and a reflector.
  • the reflector is coupled to the driver and disposed adjacent to the transmitter, the controller being capable of controlling the driver to drive the reflector to rotate.
  • the detecting method includes the steps of: controlling the transmitter to transmit a signal; and controlling the driver to drive the reflector to rotate such that the signal emitted by the transmitter can be reflected back to the plurality via the reflector Direction shot.
  • the detecting device further includes a receiver, after the signal is emitted in a plurality of directions, controlling the receiver to receive a signal reflected by the signal after encountering an obstacle, and controlling the controller according to the The reflected signal calculates the orientation of the obstacle relative to the detection device.
  • the transmitter is a laser transmitter, and when the transmitter is controlled to emit the signal, the signal is a laser signal.
  • the driver when the driver is controlled to rotate the reflector, the driver drives the reflector to rotate about a predetermined angle about at least one axis.
  • the number of the at least one axis is two, and is respectively a first axis and a second axis intersecting the first axis; when the driver is driven to rotate the reflector, the driver drive The reflector is rotated about the first axis or/and the second axis by a predetermined angle.
  • first axis and the second axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the number of the at least one axis is three, and is respectively a first axis, a second axis, and an additional axis, and the first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis intersect at two.
  • first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • a mobile device includes a body and a detecting device coupled to the body, the detecting device including a transmitting component and a receiver.
  • the transmitting assembly includes a transmitter, a driver and a reflector, the reflector being coupled to the driver and disposed adjacent to the transmitter.
  • the driver is capable of driving the reflector to rotate such that the signal emitted by the transmitter can be reflected by the reflector and emitted in multiple directions.
  • the transmitter is a laser transmitter and the signal is a laser signal.
  • the transmitter includes a transmitting head.
  • the transmitter further includes a transmitting lens coupled to the transmitting head.
  • the transmitting head is a laser emitting head
  • the emitting lens is a collimating lens
  • the driver is a microelectromechanical system driver.
  • a micro-actuator is disposed in the driver, and the reflector is coupled to the micro-actuator, and the micro-actuator is capable of driving the reflector to rotate about a predetermined angle about at least one axis.
  • the number of the at least one axis is three, and is respectively a first axis, a second axis, and an additional axis, and the first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis intersect at two.
  • first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the number of the at least one axis is two, and is respectively a first axis and a second axis intersecting the first axis, and the micro actuator is capable of driving the reflector around the first axis Or / and rotated a predetermined angle about the second axis.
  • first axis and the second axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the movable device is further provided with a driving component
  • the detecting device is disposed on the driving component and is rotatable relative to the body under the driving of the driving component.
  • the driving member is a rotating electrical machine.
  • the driving member includes a body and a mounting member rotatably disposed on the body, the detecting device is disposed on the mounting member, and the mounting member can drive the detecting device around a third axis Turn.
  • the third axis is not parallel to the first axis and the second axis.
  • first axis, the second axis, and the third axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the receiver includes a photodiode capable of receiving a signal reflected by the signal emitted by the transmitting component via an obstacle and converting the reflected signal into an electrical signal.
  • the receiver further includes a receiving lens disposed on the photodiode.
  • the detecting device further includes a modulator capable of amplitude modulating a signal transmitted by the transmitter.
  • the movable device further includes an inertial measurement system capable of detecting an operational posture of the movable device.
  • the detecting device further includes a controller, the receiver and the transmitting component are respectively electrically connected to the controller, and the controller is capable of encountering according to a signal emitted by the transmitting component and the signal A signal reflected from an obstacle calculates a relative orientation between the obstacle and the movable device.
  • the mobile device further includes an autonomous positioning system capable of real-time positioning and map construction after the controller calculates a relative orientation between the obstacle and the movable device And determining, in conjunction with the current flight attitude of the movable device measured by the inertial measurement system, the position of the movable device in its surrounding space.
  • an autonomous positioning system capable of real-time positioning and map construction after the controller calculates a relative orientation between the obstacle and the movable device And determining, in conjunction with the current flight attitude of the movable device measured by the inertial measurement system, the position of the movable device in its surrounding space.
  • a detecting device includes a controller, a transmitting component, and a receiver, wherein the receiver and the transmitting component are electrically connected to the controller respectively.
  • the transmitting assembly includes a driver and a transmitter coupled to the driver, the controller being capable of controlling the driver to drive the transmitter to rotate, the transmitter being capable of transmitting in a plurality of directions under the driving of the driver signal.
  • the transmitter is a laser transmitter and the signal is a laser signal.
  • the transmitter includes a transmitting head disposed on the driver.
  • the transmitter further includes a transmitting lens coupled to the transmitting head.
  • the transmitting head is a laser emitting head
  • the emitting lens is a collimating lens
  • the driver is a microelectromechanical system driver.
  • a micro-actuator is disposed in the driver, and the transmitter is coupled to the micro-actuator, and the micro-actuator is capable of driving the transmitter to rotate by a predetermined angle about at least one axis.
  • the number of the at least one axis is two, and is respectively a first axis and a second axis intersecting the first axis, and the micro actuator is capable of driving the emitter around the first axis Or / and rotated a predetermined angle about the second axis.
  • first axis and the second axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the number of the at least one axis is three, and is respectively a first axis, a second axis, and an additional axis, and the first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis intersect at two.
  • first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the receiver includes a photodiode capable of receiving a signal reflected by the transmitter via an obstacle and converting the reflected signal into an electrical signal.
  • the receiver further includes a receiving lens disposed on the photodiode.
  • the detecting device further includes a modulator capable of amplitude modulating a signal transmitted by the transmitter.
  • a mobile device includes a body and a detecting device coupled to the body, the detecting device including a transmitting component and a receiver.
  • the firing assembly includes a driver and a transmitter coupled to the driver, the driver being capable of driving the transmitter to rotate, the transmitter being capable of transmitting signals in a plurality of directions driven by the driver.
  • the transmitter is a laser transmitter and the signal is a laser signal.
  • the transmitter includes a transmitting head disposed on the driver.
  • the transmitter further includes a transmitting lens coupled to the transmitting head.
  • the transmitting head is a laser emitting head
  • the emitting lens is a collimating lens
  • the driver is a microelectromechanical system driver.
  • a micro-actuator is disposed in the driver, and the transmitter is coupled to the micro-actuator, and the micro-actuator is capable of driving the transmitter to rotate by a predetermined angle about at least one axis.
  • the number of the at least one axis is three, and is respectively a first axis, a second axis, and an additional axis, and the first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis intersect at two.
  • first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the number of the at least one axis is two, and is respectively a first axis and a second axis intersecting the first axis, and the micro actuator is capable of driving the emitter around the first axis Or / and rotated a predetermined angle about the second axis.
  • first axis and the second axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the movable device is further provided with a driving component
  • the detecting device is disposed on the driving component and is rotatable relative to the body under the driving of the driving component.
  • the driving member is a rotating electrical machine.
  • the driving member includes a body and a mounting member rotatably disposed on the body, the detecting device is disposed on the mounting member, and the mounting member can drive the detecting device around a third axis Turn.
  • the third axis is not parallel to the first axis and the second axis.
  • first axis, the second axis, and the third axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the receiver includes a photodiode capable of receiving a signal reflected by the transmitter via an obstacle and converting the reflected signal into an electrical signal.
  • the receiver further includes a receiving lens disposed on the photodiode.
  • the detecting device further includes a modulator capable of amplitude modulating a signal transmitted by the transmitter.
  • the movable device further includes an inertial measurement system capable of detecting an operational posture of the movable device.
  • the detecting device further includes a controller, the receiver and the transmitting component are respectively electrically connected to the controller, and the controller is capable of encountering according to a signal emitted by the transmitting component and the signal A signal reflected from an obstacle calculates a relative orientation between the obstacle and the movable device.
  • the mobile device further includes an autonomous positioning system capable of real-time positioning and map construction after the controller calculates a relative orientation between the obstacle and the movable device And determining, in conjunction with the current flight attitude of the movable device measured by the inertial measurement system, the position of the movable device in its surrounding space.
  • an autonomous positioning system capable of real-time positioning and map construction after the controller calculates a relative orientation between the obstacle and the movable device And determining, in conjunction with the current flight attitude of the movable device measured by the inertial measurement system, the position of the movable device in its surrounding space.
  • a detection method applied to a detection device includes a controller and a transmitter assembly, the transmitter assembly including a driver and a transmitter coupled to the driver, the controller being capable of controlling the driver to drive the transmitter to rotate.
  • the detecting method includes the steps of: controlling the transmitter to transmit a signal; and simultaneously controlling the driver to drive the transmitter to rotate such that the signal emitted by the transmitter can be emitted in multiple directions.
  • the detecting device further includes a receiver, after the signal is emitted, controlling the receiver to receive a signal reflected by the signal after encountering an obstacle, and controlling the controller to calculate according to the reflected signal The orientation of the obstacle relative to the detection device.
  • the transmitter is a laser transmitter, and when the transmitter is controlled to emit the signal, the signal is a laser signal.
  • the drive drives the transmitter to rotate about a predetermined angle about at least one axis when the driver is controlled to rotate the transmitter.
  • the number of the at least one axis is two, and is respectively a first axis and a second axis intersecting the first axis; when the driver is driven to rotate the transmitter, the driver drive The transmitter is rotated about the first axis or/and the second axis by a predetermined angle.
  • first axis and the second axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • the number of the at least one axis is three, and is respectively a first axis, a second axis, and an additional axis, and the first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis intersect at two.
  • first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis are disposed perpendicular to each other.
  • a detection system that operates on a detection device that includes a controller, a transmitting component, and a receiver, the firing component including a driver and a transmitter coupled to the driver.
  • the detection system includes: a transmission control module, configured to control the transmitter to transmit a signal; and a driving module, configured to control the driver to drive the transmitter to move the signal transmitted by the transmitter to multiple Direction shot.
  • the detection system further includes a receiving module, the receiving module is configured to control the receiver to receive a signal reflected by the signal emitted by the transmitter after encountering an obstacle, to allow the controller to The reflected signal calculates the orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device.
  • the detection system further includes an operation module, configured to calculate a distance between the obstacle and the detecting device according to a transmission time of the signal and a receiving time of the reflected signal.
  • the detection system further includes an operation module, configured to calculate a phase delay generated between the obstacle and the detection device according to a phase delay generated during transmission and reception of the signal transmitted by the transmitter distance.
  • the transmitter includes a transmitting head, and the transmitting control module is configured to control the transmitting head to transmit the signal, and the signal is a laser signal.
  • the emission control module is configured to control the transmitting head to transmit the signal to the transmitter
  • the driving module is configured to control the driver to drive the transmitter to rotate by a predetermined angle to Shoot in multiple directions.
  • the operation module is configured to calculate an orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device according to an angle of rotation of the transmitter and a receiving time of the reflected signal.
  • the detecting device of the present invention since it uses the driver to drive the reflector to rotate, so that the signal emitted by the transmitter can be transmitted to multiple directions around the detecting device, and the detecting coverage of the detecting device Relatively wide.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of component modules of a detecting device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of a detection system in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a detecting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a detecting method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a drone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Detection device 100 Controller 10 Transmitting component 30 launcher 32 Launcher 321 Launch lens 323 driver 34 Driver chip 341 Drive 343 reflector 36 receiver 50 Photodiode 52 Receiving lens 54 Memory 70 Detection system S1 Central control module 101 Launch control module 103 Drive module 105 Receiving control module 107 Arithmetic module 109 Drone 200 body twenty two Drive 221 Ontology 2211 Installation department 2213 Control device twenty four powerplant 26
  • a component when referred to as being “fixed” to another component, it can be directly on the other component or the component can be present.
  • a component When a component is considered to "connect” another component, it can be directly connected to another component or possibly a central component.
  • a component When a component is considered to be “set to” another component, it can be placed directly on another component or possibly with a centered component.
  • the terms “vertical,” “horizontal,” “left,” “right,” and the like, as used herein, are for illustrative purposes only.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a detecting device 100 for detecting an obstacle around it and determining an orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device 100 .
  • the detecting device 100 can also be used in a three-dimensional imaging system or a three-dimensional modeling system. After the detecting device 100 detects relative orientation information of each unit area on the obstacle, the contour of the obstacle is constructed. Three-dimensional imaging or three-dimensional modeling is possible. It can be understood that the detecting device 100 can also be used in other occasions, such as in space scene simulation, or in an automatic obstacle avoidance system for an unmanned aerial vehicle or an unmanned vehicle. .
  • the obstacle can be understood as an object that blocks the signal from propagating.
  • the detecting device 100 includes a controller 10, a transmitting component 30, and a receiver 50. Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the transmitting component 30 and the receiver 50 are electrically connected to the controller 10 respectively.
  • the controller 10 is configured to control the transmitting component 30 to emit a signal that is reflected into the receiver 50 if the signal encounters an obstacle.
  • the receiver 50 is configured to receive the reflected signal and convert the reflected signal into an electrical signal, and then transmit the electrical signal to the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 is further configured to calculate a distance between the obstacle and the detecting device 100 according to the electrical signal.
  • the transmitting component 30 is further configured to transmit the signal in multiple directions, and the controller 10 is configured to calculate an obstacle in multiple directions around the detecting device 100 according to the reflected signal of the signal. The distance between the detection devices 100.
  • the transmitting assembly 30 includes a transmitter 32, a driver 34, and a reflector 36.
  • the transmitter 32 and the driver 34 are respectively connected to the controller 10, and the reflector 36 is connected to the driver 34.
  • the transmitter 32 is configured to transmit the signal to the reflector 36
  • the driver 34 is configured to drive the reflector 36 to move to enable the reflector 36 to direct the signal in multiple directions emission.
  • the transmitter 32 is a laser transmitter, and the signal emitted by the transmitter 32 is a laser signal.
  • the transmitter 32 includes a transmitting head 321 and a transmitting lens 323 connected to the transmitting head 321.
  • the transmitting head 321 is a laser diode, and the emitting lens 323 is a collimating lens.
  • the laser diode is used to emit a laser signal, and the laser signal has high collimation and stability after passing through the collimating lens.
  • the transmitter 32 can also emit other types of emission sources, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the drivers 34 are disposed adjacent to the emitters 32 and spaced apart from each other by a distance, and the driver 34 is used to drive the reflectors 36 to rotate.
  • the driver 34 is a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) driver.
  • MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
  • a micro actuator is integrated in the driver 34, and the driver 34 can drive the reflector 36 to rotate by the micro actuator.
  • the reflector 36 is disposed on the micro actuator of the driver 34 for transmitting signals emitted by the transmitter 32 in multiple directions.
  • the reflector 36 is a reflective lens.
  • the micro-actuator of the driver 34 is a two-axis actuator capable of driving the reflector 36 to rotate about a first axis while also driving the reflector 36 to be different from the first axis.
  • the second axis rotates.
  • the second axis is substantially perpendicular to the first axis.
  • the second axis may not be perpendicular to the first axis, and the two may be disposed at any angle with each other.
  • the angle between the first axis and the second axis may be greater than or equal to 1°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, etc.
  • the angle between the first axis and the second axis may be less than or equal to 1°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90° or the like; or, the angle between the first axis and the second axis may fall within a range of values determined by any two of the above values.
  • the driver 34 can drive the reflector 36 to rotate about any angle about the first axis.
  • the driver 34 can drive the reflector 36 to rotate 30° about the first axis to enable the reflector 36 to direct the signal emitted by the transmitter 32 to 30 around the detection device 100. Reflected within a range of ° to obtain obstacle information within a range of 30° around the detecting device 100.
  • the driver 34 can drive the reflector 36 to rotate 180[deg.] about the first axis to enable the reflector 36 to direct the signal emitted by the transmitter 32 to 180 around the detection device 100. Reflected within the range of ° to obtain obstacle information within a range of 180° around the detecting device 100.
  • the driver 34 can drive the reflector 36 to rotate 360° about the first axis to enable the reflector 36 to reflect the signal emitted by the transmitter 32 to the periphery of the detecting device 100. To obtain obstacle information around the circumference of the detecting device for 100 weeks.
  • the driving angle of the driver 34 driving the reflector 36 about the first axis may be greater than or equal to: 1°, 10°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°. , 210°, 240°, 270°, 360°, etc.; or, the angle between the first axis and the second axis may be less than or equal to: 10°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°, 210°, 240°, 270°, 360°, etc.; alternatively, the driving angle of the driver 34 driving the reflector 36 about the first axis may fall into any two of the above The values are within the range of values determined.
  • the driver 34 drives the reflector 36 to have a rotation angle about the second axis that is greater than or equal to: 1°, 10°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°. , 210°, 240°, 270°, 360°, etc.; or, the angle between the second axis and the second axis may be less than or equal to: 10°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, 150°, 180°, 210°, 240°, 270°, 360°, etc.; alternatively, the driving angle of the driver 34 driving the reflector 36 about the second axis may fall into any two of the above The values are within the range of values determined.
  • the receiver 50 is disposed adjacent to the transmitting component 30, and configured to receive a reflected signal of the signal emitted by the transmitting component 30 after being reflected by an obstacle, and transmit the reflected signal to the controller 10,
  • the controller 10 is allowed to calculate the orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device 100 based on the reflected signal.
  • the receiver 50 includes a photodiode 52 and a receiving lens 54.
  • the receiving lens 54 is disposed adjacent to the photodiode 52.
  • the reflected signal is calibrated via the receiving lens 54 and then incident on the photodiode 52.
  • the photodiode 52 converts the reflected signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the controller 10.
  • the transmitting lens 323 and the receiving lens 54 may be omitted, or the transmitting lens 323 and the receiving lens 54 only retain one of them, and It is not limited to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the detection system S1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the detection system S1 operates in the detection device 100 described above.
  • the detection system S1 includes a central control module 101, a transmission control module 103, a driving module 105, a receiving control module 107, and an arithmetic module 109.
  • the detecting device 100 further includes a memory 70 (see FIG. 1), and each module of the detecting system S1 is a programmable module stored in the memory 70 and executable by the controller 10. .
  • the central control module 101 is configured to send instructions to the remaining modules to enable the respective modules to work together to control the detection device 100 to detect obstacle information around it.
  • the emission control module 103 is configured to control the transmitting component 30 to transmit a signal. Specifically, the emission control module 103 is configured to control the transmitter 32 of the transmitting component 30 to transmit a signal to the reflector 36.
  • the transmitter 32 is a laser transmitter and the signal is a laser signal.
  • the driving module 105 is configured to control the driver 34 of the transmitting component 30 to drive the reflector 36 to rotate, so that the reflector 36 transmits the signal to multiple directions around the detecting device 100.
  • the receiving control module 107 is configured to determine whether there is a reflected signal according to the state of the receiver 50. Specifically, after the signal emitted from the reflector 36 encounters the obstacle, it is reflected into the receiver 50, and the level of the photodiode 52 of the receiver 50 changes. The reception control module 107 can determine whether or not there is a reflected signal based on the state of the receiver 50.
  • the signal emitted from the reflector 36 is a laser signal
  • the photodiode 52 is configured to receive a signal reflected by the laser signal through the obstacle and pass the obstacle The reflected signal is converted into an electrical signal.
  • the photodiode 52 has a built-in PN junction (P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor are fabricated on the same semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) substrate, and a space charge region is formed at their interface, which is called a PN junction).
  • an electrode for receiving incident illumination the electrode for generating a reverse voltage.
  • the reverse current therein is small (generally less than 0.1 microamperes).
  • the photodiode 52 When the photodiode 52 is exposed to light, the photon carrying energy enters the PN junction, transferring energy to the bound electrons on the covalent bond, causing some of the electrons to break off the covalent bond, thereby generating an electron-hole pair. It is called photogenerated carrier.
  • the photo-generated carriers participate in the drift motion under the action of the reverse voltage, so that the reverse current is significantly increased. The greater the intensity of the light, the greater the reverse current.
  • the photodiode 52 When the photodiode 52 is electrically connected to the controller 10, an electrical signal is obtained due to the presence of the reverse current, and the electrical signal changes with the laser signal incident on the photodiode 52. And the corresponding changes. Therefore, the reception control module 107 can determine whether there is a reflected signal according to the change of the electrical signal.
  • the operation module 109 is configured to calculate an orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device 100 according to the reflected signal of the signal. Specifically, after the reflected signal reaches the receiver 50, the photodiode 52 converts the reflected signal into an electrical signal, and the operation module 109 according to the rotation angle of the reflector 36, the signal The transmission time and the reception time of the reflected signal calculate the orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device 100.
  • the detecting device 100 is applied to the work of obstacle detection.
  • the transmitter 32 continuously transmits a signal to the reflector 36 while the driver 34 controls the reflector 36 to rotate such that the reflector 36 directs the signal to a plurality of surrounding the detection device 100.
  • the receiver 50 converts the signal reflected by the obstacle received by the receiver into an electrical signal, and then transmits the signal to the controller 10.
  • the controller 10 can determine the direction in which the signal is emitted according to the rotation angle of the reflector 36, thereby determining the direction in which the obstacle is located; and the controller 10 also transmitting the signal and The receiving time difference of the reflected signal calculates a distance between the obstacle and the detecting device 100, so that the orientation and distance of the obstacle relative to the detecting device 100 can be determined.
  • the detection device 100 can be used in the work of three-dimensional imaging or three-dimensional modeling. After the detecting device 100 detects the relative orientation information of each unit area on the obstacle around it, the contour of the obstacle is constructed, and the three-dimensional imaging or three-dimensional modeling can be performed. Specifically, the transmitter 32 continuously transmits a signal to the reflector 36 while the driver 34 continuously controls the rotation of the reflector 36 such that the reflector 36 sequentially directs the signal to the detecting device. All directions in the space around 100 are shot. The controller 10 simultaneously records the reflected distance of the signal in each orientation to derive distance information between the obstacle in the orientation and the detecting device 100.
  • the controller 10 reconstructs the contour of the space around the detecting device 100 according to the information of the obstacle in each unit orientation in the space around the detecting device 100, thereby performing three-dimensional imaging or three-dimensional modeling. If it is desired to construct a three-dimensional model of a larger space, a plurality of said detecting devices 100 can be used in cooperation.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a detecting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the detection method is applied to the detection system S1 and the detection device 100.
  • the detecting method includes:
  • Step S101 Control the transmitting component 30 to transmit a signal.
  • the emission control module 103 controls the transmitter 32 of the transmitting component 30 to transmit a signal to the reflector 36.
  • the transmitter 32 is a laser transmitter and the signal is a laser signal.
  • Step S103 Controlling the movement of the reflector 36 to transmit the signal to a plurality of directions around the detecting device 100.
  • the driving module 105 controls the driver 34 of the transmitting component 30 to drive the reflector 36 to rotate, so that the reflector 36 transmits the signal to multiple directions of the detecting device 100.
  • the driving module 105 controls the driver 34 to rotate the reflector 36 about the first axis by a predetermined angle to enable the signal to be emitted within a predetermined range around the first axis direction; or The driving module 105 controls the driver 34 to rotate the reflector 36 about the second axis by a predetermined angle to enable the signal to be emitted within a predetermined range of the circumference of the second axis direction; or The driving module 105 controls the driver 34 to rotate the reflector 36 simultaneously around the first axis and the second axis to enable the signal to be emitted to the periphery of the detecting device 100.
  • Step S105 determining whether there is a reflected signal. If a reflected signal is transmitted back to the receiver 50, step S107 is performed. If not, it is continuously determined whether there is a reflected signal. Specifically, after the signal emitted from the reflector 36 to the periphery encounters the obstacle, it is reflected into the receiver 50, and the receiving control module 107 can determine whether the receiver 50 is in accordance with the state of the receiver 50. There is a signal reflection back.
  • Step S107 Calculate the orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device 100. Specifically, after the reflected signal reaches the receiver 50, the photodiode 52 converts the reflected signal into an electrical signal, and the operation module 109 according to the rotation angle of the reflector 36, the electricity The signal and the transmission time of the signal and the reception time of the reflected signal calculate the orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device 100.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a detecting method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the detecting method is applied to the detecting system S1 and a detecting device, and the detecting device is substantially the same as the detecting device 100 described above, except that the detecting device in the embodiment does not include a reflector, and the detecting device a transmitter head of the transmitter is disposed on the micro-actuator of the driver, such that the driver can drive the transmitter to rotate about the first axis or/and the second axis by a predetermined angle to the detection A signal is transmitted within a predetermined range around the device.
  • the detecting method includes:
  • Step S201 Control the transmitting component 30 to transmit a signal.
  • the transmit control module 103 controls the transmitter 32 of the transmit component 30 to transmit a signal.
  • the transmitter 32 is a laser transmitter and the signal is a laser signal.
  • Step S203 simultaneously controlling the movement of the transmitter 32 to transmit the signal to a plurality of directions around the detecting device 100.
  • the driving module 105 controls the driver 34 of the transmitting component 30 to drive the transmitter 32 to rotate, so that the transmitter 32 transmits the signal to multiple directions of the detecting device 100.
  • the driving module 105 controls the driver 34 to rotate the transmitter 32 about the first axis by a predetermined angle to enable the signal to be emitted within a predetermined range around the first axis direction; or The driving module 105 controls the driver 34 to rotate the transmitter 32 about the second axis by a predetermined angle to enable the signal to be emitted within a predetermined range of the circumference of the second axis direction; or The driving module 105 controls the driver 34 to rotate the transmitter 32 simultaneously around the first axis and the second axis to enable the signal to be emitted to the periphery of the detecting device 100.
  • Step S205 determining whether there is a reflected signal. If a reflected signal is transmitted back to the receiver 50, step S107 is performed. If not, it is continuously determined whether there is a reflected signal. Specifically, after the signal emitted from the transmitter 32 to the periphery encounters the obstacle, it is reflected into the receiver 50, and the receiving control module 107 can determine whether the receiver 50 is in accordance with the state of the receiver 50. There is a signal reflection back.
  • Step S207 Calculate the orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device 100. Specifically, after the reflected signal reaches the receiver 50, the photodiode 52 converts the reflected signal into an electrical signal, and the operation module 109 according to the rotation angle of the transmitter 32, the electricity The signal and the transmission time of the signal and the reception time of the reflected signal calculate the orientation of the obstacle relative to the detecting device 100.
  • the detecting device 100 and the detecting system S1 in the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to an obstacle detecting work of a drone.
  • the present invention also provides a drone 200 comprising a fuselage 22, a control device 24, a power unit 26, and the above-described detecting device 100.
  • the control device 24, the power device 26 and the detecting device 100 are all disposed on the body 22.
  • the control device 24 is used to control the overall operation of the drone 200, and the power device 26 is used to provide the drone 200 with the driving force.
  • the detecting device 100 has the detecting system S1 built therein, and the detecting system S1 can control the detecting device 100 to detect obstacle information around the drone 200 and transmit the obstacle information to the control device. 24 in.
  • the control device 24 is capable of controlling the operation of the power unit 26 based on the obstacle information so that the drone 200 avoids the obstacle.
  • the body 22 is further provided with a driving member 221 for mounting the detecting device 100.
  • the driving member 221 is a rotating electrical machine.
  • the driving member 221 includes a body 2211 and a mounting portion 2213. Specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the body 2211 is disposed on the body 22, and the mounting portion 2213 is disposed on the body 2211 and can be driven by the control device 24 relative to the The body 2211 rotates about a third axis.
  • the mounting portion 2213 is configured to mount the detecting device 100.
  • the third axis is substantially perpendicular to the first axis and the second axis, that is, the first axis and the second axis And the third axis is orthogonally disposed.
  • the driving member 221 can drive the detecting device 100 to rotate about the third axis, so that the transmitting component 30 can Scanning around the direction of the third axis and transmitting a signal.
  • the driver 34 of the detecting device 100 can drive the reflector 36 to rotate about the first axis or/and the second axis, so that the transmitting component 30 can scan around the drone 200 and transmit a signal.
  • the third axis may be a heading axis of the drone 200
  • the second axis may be a pitch axis of the drone 200
  • the first axis may be It is the roll axis of the drone 200.
  • the detecting device 100 of the present invention since it uses the driver 34 to drive the reflector 36 to rotate, so that the signal transmitted by the transmitter 32 can be emitted in multiple directions around the detecting device 100, the detecting The detection coverage of device 100 is relatively wide.
  • the detecting device 100 of the present invention uses a microelectromechanical system driver as the driver 34 to drive the reflector 36 to rotate. Since the microelectromechanical system driver itself is small in size and high in precision, the detecting device 100 has At the same time as the higher detection accuracy, the overall volume is smaller, the flexibility of the arrangement is higher, and the drone 200 is facilitated to be carried or carried.
  • the driving member 221 can be omitted, and the detecting device 100 can be directly mounted on the body 22.
  • the reflector 36 can be omitted, and the emitter 32 is directly connected to the driver 34, so that the emitter head 321 of the emitter 32 is disposed on the micro-actuator of the driver 34, thereby
  • the driver 34 is capable of driving the transmitter 32 to rotate about a predetermined angle about the first axis or/and the second axis to transmit a signal to a predetermined range around the detection device 100.
  • the driver 34 may only drive the reflector 36 to rotate about the first axis or the second axis.
  • the driver 34 may not drive the reflector 36 to rotate, and the driving member 221 drives the detecting device 100 as a whole.
  • the third axis rotates.
  • the micro-actuator of the driver 34 can also be an actuator other than the two-axis actuator.
  • the micro-actuator of the driver 34 can be a three-axis, four-axis, five-axis or multi-axis actuator.
  • the micro-actuator of the driver 34 is a three-axis actuator, it is capable of driving the reflector 36 to rotate around the first axis and the second axis, and is also capable of driving the reflector 36 around An additional axis that is different from the first axis and the second axis rotates.
  • the first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis may be disposed in two-to-two intersections. Further, the first axis, the second axis, and the additional axis may be orthogonally disposed two by two.
  • the detecting device 100 and the detecting system S1 are not limited to being applied in an automatic obstacle avoidance system, and can also be applied in a three-dimensional imaging system, a three-dimensional modeling system or a spatial scene simulation system. Even the detection device 100 and the detection system S1 can be applied to a positioning system.
  • the UAV 200 may be provided with an inertial measurement system for detecting the current motion state and a flight attitude of the UAV 200, and the autonomous positioning system.
  • the autonomous positioning of the drone 200 is achieved.
  • the detecting device 100 detects the relative orientation of the surrounding obstacles with respect to the drone 200
  • the drone device 200 can establish a simulated space of the surrounding environment (refer to the above-mentioned detecting device 100 in three-dimensional construction). Application in the mold).
  • the autonomous positioning system adopts a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm and combines the inertial measurement.
  • the system measures the current flight attitude of the drone 200, and finally determines the position of the drone 200 in the simulation space, so that the function of autonomous positioning can be realized.
  • SLAM simultaneous localization and mapping
  • the position of the detecting device 100 mounted on the drone 200 is not limited, and it can be installed at any part of the drone 200, for example, installed in the body.
  • the upper surface, the lower surface or the side surface of the 22 may be mounted on the power unit. It will be appreciated that a plurality of said detection devices 100 may be provided on the drone 200 in order to scan and detect obstacles in a larger space.
  • the operation module 109 calculates the distance between the obstacle and the detecting device 100
  • the calculation method thereof may adopt, but is not limited to, the time difference between transmission and reception of the signal described above (ie, The method of pulse method ranging determines the distance, which can also calculate the distance between the obstacle and the detecting device 100 by other methods.
  • the arithmetic module 109 can measure and calculate the distance between the obstacle and the detecting device 100 by a phase method.
  • the detecting device 100 may further comprise a modulator (not shown) capable of amplitude modulating the signal transmitted by the transmitter 32 and acquiring a modulation using the frequency of the radio band A signal is provided to allow the reflector 36 to transmit the modulated signal to the periphery of the detection device 100.
  • the modulator is further configured to measure and modulate a phase delay generated by the modulated signal during transmission and reception when the receiver 50 receives the signal reflected by the obstacle by the obstacle.
  • the operation module 109 can calculate the distance between the obstacle and the detecting device 100 according to the wavelength of the modulation signal, combined with the phase delay, and the distance represented by the phase delay.
  • the unmanned aerial vehicle 200 is a rotorcraft for carrying an aerial photography operation by a camera such as a camera or a video camera. It can be understood that the drone 200 can also be used for map mapping, disaster investigation and rescue, air monitoring, transmission line inspection and the like. It will also be appreciated that the drone 200 can also be a fixed wing aircraft.

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Abstract

一种探测装置（100）、探测系统（S1）、探测方法以及可移动设备（200），该可移动设备（200）包括机身（22）及连接于机身（22）上的探测装置（100）。该探测装置（100）包括控制器（10）、发射组件（30）及接收器（50）。接收器（50）及发射组件（30）分别与控制器（10）电性连接。发射组件（30）包括驱动器（34）和连接于驱动器（34）的发射器（32），控制器（10）能够控制驱动器（34）驱动发射器（32）转动，发射器（32）能够在驱动器（34）的驱动下向多个方向发射信号。该可移动设备（200）、探测装置（100）、探测系统（S1）及探测方法，其探测周围障碍物的覆盖范围相对较大。

Description

探测装置、探测系统、探测方法，以及可移动设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种探测装置、探测系统、探测方法，以及使用该探测装置的可移动设备。
背景技术
通常情况下，由于激光雷达发射的激光信号较为可靠、稳定，人们常采用激光雷达作为测距传感器或障碍物探测器。然而，激光雷达的激光发射角度较小，其在测距或执行障碍物探测工作时，发射激光所覆盖的探测范围较小。
发明内容
鉴于以上内容，有必要提供一种探测范围相对较大的探测装置、探测系统、探测方法，以及使用该探测装置的可移动设备。
一种探测装置，其包括控制器、发射组件以及接收器，所述接收器及所述发射组件分别与所述控制器电性连接。所述发射组件包括发射器、驱动器及反射器，所述反射器连接于所述驱动器上，并邻近所述发射器设置。所述控制器能够控制所述驱动器驱动所述反射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够经由所述反射器反射后向多个方向射出。
进一步地，所述发射器为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
进一步地，所述发射器包括发射头。
进一步地，所述发射器还包括连接于所述发射头上的发射镜头。
进一步地，所述发射头为激光发射头，所述发射镜头为准直镜头。
进一步地，所述驱动器为微电子机械系统驱动器。
进一步地，所述驱动器内设置有微型执行机构，所述反射器连接于所述微型执行机构上，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述反射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述反射器绕所述第一轴线或/及绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
进一步地，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述接收器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管能够接收由所述发射组件射出的信号经由一障碍物反射后的信号，并将该反射后的信号转换为电信号。
进一步地，所述接收器还包括设置于所述光电二极管上的接收镜头。
进一步地，所述探测装置还包括调制器，所述调制器能够对所述发射器发射的信号进行幅度调制。
一种探测系统，其运行于一探测装置上，所述探测装置包括控制器、发射组件以及接收器。所述发射组件包括发射器、驱动器及反射器，所述反射器连接于所述驱动器上，并邻近所述发射器设置。所述探测系统包括：发射控制模块，用于控制所述发射器发射信号；驱动模块，用于控制所述驱动器带动所述反射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够经由所述反射器反射后向多个方向射出。
进一步地，所述探测系统还包括接收模块，所述接收模块用于控制所述接收器接收所述发射组件射出的信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，以允许所述控制器根据所述反射的信号计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
进一步地，所述探测系统还包括运算模块，所述运算模块用于根据所述信号的发射时间以及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
进一步地，所述探测系统还包括运算模块，所述运算模块用于根据所述发射组件发射的信号在发射及接收过程中产生的相位延迟，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
进一步地，所述发射器包括发射头，所述发射控制模块用于控制所述发射头发射所述信号，所述信号为激光信号。
进一步地，所述发射控制模块用于控制所述发射头向所述反射器发射所述信号，所述驱动模块用于控制所述驱动器带动所述反射器转动预定角度，以将所述信号向多个方向射出。
进一步地，所述运算模块用于根据所述反射器转动的角度及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
一种探测方法，其应用于一探测装置上，所述探测装置包括控制器以及发射组件，所述发射组件包括发射器、驱动器及反射器。所述反射器连接于所述驱动器上，并邻近所述发射器设置，所述控制器能够控制所述驱动器驱动所述反射器转动。所述探测方法包括以下步骤：控制所述发射器发射信号；以及控制所述驱动器驱动所述反射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够经由所述反射器反射后向多个方向射出。
进一步地，所述探测装置还包括接收器，所述信号向多个方向射出后，控制所述接收器接收所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，并控制所述控制器根据所述反射的信号计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
进一步地，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述信号的发射时间以及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
进一步地，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述发射组件发射的信号在发射及接收过程中产生的相位延迟，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
进一步地，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述反射器转动的角度及所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
进一步地，所述发射器为激光发射器，控制所述发射器发射所述信号时，所述信号为激光信号。
进一步地，控制所述驱动器带动所述反射器转动时，所述驱动器驱动所述反射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线；控制所述驱动器带动所述反射器转动时，所述驱动器驱动所述反射器绕所述第一轴线或/及所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
进一步地，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
一种可移动设备，其包括机身及连接于所述机身上的探测装置，所述探测装置包括发射组件及接收器。所述发射组件包括发射器、驱动器及反射器，所述反射器连接于所述驱动器上，并邻近所述发射器设置。所述驱动器能够驱动所述反射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够经由所述反射器反射后向多个方向射出。
进一步地，所述发射器为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
进一步地，所述发射器包括发射头。
进一步地，所述发射器还包括连接于所述发射头上的发射镜头。
进一步地，所述发射头为激光发射头，所述发射镜头为准直镜头。
进一步地，所述驱动器为微电子机械系统驱动器。
进一步地，所述驱动器内设置有微型执行机构，所述反射器连接于所述微型执行机构上，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述反射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
进一步地，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述反射器绕所述第一轴线或/及绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述可移动设备上还设置有驱动件，所述探测装置设置于所述驱动件上，并能够在所述驱动件的驱动下相对所述机身转动。
进一步地，所述驱动件为旋转电机。
进一步地，所述驱动件包括本体及可转动地设置于所述本体上的安装件，所述探测装置设置于所述安装件上，所述安装件能够带动所述探测装置绕一第三轴线转动。
进一步地，所述第三轴线与所述第一轴线及所述第二轴线均不相平行。
进一步地，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述第三轴线两两相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述接收器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管能够接收由所述发射组件射出的信号经由一障碍物反射后的信号，并将该反射后的信号转换为电信号。
进一步地，所述接收器还包括设置于所述光电二极管上的接收镜头。
进一步地，所述探测装置还包括调制器，所述调制器能够对所述发射器发射的信号进行幅度调制。
进一步地，所述可移动设备还包括惯性测量系统，所述惯性测量系统能够检测所述可移动设备的运行姿态。
进一步地，所述探测装置还包括控制器，所述接收器及所述发射组件分别与所述控制器电性连接，所述控制器能够根据所述发射组件射出的信号及所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，计算所述障碍物与所述可移动设备之间的相对的方位。
进一步地，所述可移动设备还包括自主定位系统，所述自主定位系统在所述控制器计算所述障碍物与所述可移动设备之间的相对的方位后，能够通过即时定位与地图构建算法，并结合所述惯性测量系统所测得的所述可移动设备当前的飞行姿态，确定所述可移动设备在其周围空间中的位置。
一种探测装置，其包括控制器、发射组件及接收器，所述接收器及所述发射组件分别与所述控制器电性连接。所述发射组件包括驱动器和连接在所述驱动器上的发射器，所述控制器能够控制所述驱动器驱动所述发射器转动，所述发射器能够在所述驱动器的驱动下向多个方向发射信号。
进一步地，所述发射器为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
进一步地，所述发射器包括设置于所述驱动器上的发射头。
进一步地，所述发射器还包括连接于所述发射头上的发射镜头。
进一步地，所述发射头为激光发射头，所述发射镜头为准直镜头。
进一步地，所述驱动器为微电子机械系统驱动器。
进一步地，所述驱动器内设置有微型执行机构，所述发射器连接于所述微型执行机构上，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述发射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述发射器绕所述第一轴线或/及绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
进一步地，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述接收器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管能够接收由所述发射器发射的信号经由一障碍物反射后的信号，并将该反射后的信号转换为电信号。
进一步地，所述接收器还包括设置于所述光电二极管上的接收镜头。
进一步地，所述探测装置还包括调制器，所述调制器能够对所述发射器发射的信号进行幅度调制。
一种可移动设备，其包括机身及连接于所述机身上的探测装置，所述探测装置包括发射组件及接收器。所述发射组件包括驱动器和连接于所述驱动器的发射器，所述驱动器能够驱动所述发射器转动，所述发射器能够在所述驱动器的驱动下向多个方向发射信号。
进一步地，所述发射器为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
进一步地，所述发射器包括设置于所述驱动器上的发射头。
进一步地，所述发射器还包括连接于所述发射头上的发射镜头。
进一步地，所述发射头为激光发射头，所述发射镜头为准直镜头。
进一步地，所述驱动器为微电子机械系统驱动器。
进一步地，所述驱动器内设置有微型执行机构，所述发射器连接于所述微型执行机构上，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述发射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
进一步地，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述发射器绕所述第一轴线或/及绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述可移动设备上还设置有驱动件，所述探测装置设置于所述驱动件上，并能够在所述驱动件的驱动下相对所述机身转动。
进一步地，所述驱动件为旋转电机。
进一步地，所述驱动件包括本体及可转动地设置于所述本体上的安装件，所述探测装置设置于所述安装件上，所述安装件能够带动所述探测装置绕一第三轴线转动。
进一步地，所述第三轴线与所述第一轴线及所述第二轴线均不相平行。
进一步地，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述第三轴线两两相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述接收器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管能够接收由所述发射器发射的信号经由一障碍物反射后的信号，并将该反射后的信号转换为电信号。
进一步地，所述接收器还包括设置于所述光电二极管上的接收镜头。
进一步地，所述探测装置还包括调制器，所述调制器能够对所述发射器发射的信号进行幅度调制。
进一步地，所述可移动设备还包括惯性测量系统，所述惯性测量系统能够检测所述可移动设备的运行姿态。
进一步地，所述探测装置还包括控制器，所述接收器及所述发射组件分别与所述控制器电性连接，所述控制器能够根据所述发射组件射出的信号及所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，计算所述障碍物与所述可移动设备之间的相对的方位。
进一步地，所述可移动设备还包括自主定位系统，所述自主定位系统在所述控制器计算所述障碍物与所述可移动设备之间的相对的方位后，能够通过即时定位与地图构建算法，并结合所述惯性测量系统所测得的所述可移动设备当前的飞行姿态，确定所述可移动设备在其周围空间中的位置。
一种探测方法，其应用于一探测装置上。所述探测装置包括控制器以及发射组件，所述发射组件包括驱动器及连接于所述驱动器上的发射器，所述控制器能够控制所述驱动器驱动所述发射器转动。所述探测方法包括以下步骤：控制所述发射器发射信号；同时控制所述驱动器驱动所述发射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够向多个方向射出。
进一步地，所述探测装置还包括接收器，所述信号射出后，控制所述接收器接收所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，并控制所述控制器根据所述反射的信号计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
进一步地，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述信号的发射时间以及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
进一步地，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述发射器发射的信号在发射及接收过程中产生的相位延迟，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
进一步地，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述发射器转动的角度及所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
进一步地，所述发射器为激光发射器，控制所述发射器发射所述信号时，所述信号为激光信号。
进一步地，控制所述驱动器带动所述发射器转动时，所述驱动器驱动所述发射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线；控制所述驱动器带动所述发射器转动时，所述驱动器驱动所述发射器绕所述第一轴线或/及所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
进一步地，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
进一步地，所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
进一步地，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
一种探测系统，其运行于一探测装置上，所述探测装置包括控制器、发射组件以及接收器，所述发射组件包括驱动器及及连接于所述驱动器上的发射器。所述探测系统包括：发射控制模块，用于控制所述发射器发射信号；驱动模块，用于控制所述驱动器带动所述发射器动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号向多个方向射出。
进一步地，所述探测系统还包括接收模块，所述接收模块用于控制所述接收器接收所述发射器射出的所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，以允许所述控制器根据所述反射的信号计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
进一步地，所述探测系统还包括运算模块，所述运算模块用于根据所述信号的发射时间以及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
进一步地，所述探测系统还包括运算模块，所述运算模块用于根据所述发射器发射的信号在发射及接收过程中产生的相位延迟，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
进一步地，所述发射器包括发射头，所述发射控制模块用于控制所述发射头发射所述信号，所述信号为激光信号。
进一步地，所述发射控制模块用于控制所述发射头向所述发射器发射所述信号，所述驱动模块用于控制所述驱动器带动所述发射器转动预定角度，以将所述信号向多个方向射出。
进一步地，所述运算模块用于根据所述发射器转动的角度及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
本发明的探测装置，由于其采用了所述驱动器驱动所述反射器转动，使得所述发射器发射的信号能够向所述探测装置的周围的多个方向发射，所述探测装置的探测覆盖范围相对较广。
 附图说明
图1为本发明实施方式中的探测装置的元件模块示意图。
图2为本发明实施方式中的探测系统的功能模块示意图。
图3为本发明一实施方式中的探测方法的流程示意图。
图4为本发明另一实施方式中的探测方法的流程示意图。
图5为本发明实施方式中无人机的示意图。
主要元件符号说明
探测装置 100
控制器 10
发射组件 30
发射器 32
发射头 321
发射镜头 323
驱动器 34
驱动芯片 341
驱动件 343
反射器 36
接收器 50
光电二极管 52
接收镜头 54
存储器 70
探测系统 S1
中央控制模块 101
发射控制模块 103
驱动模块 105
接收控制模块 107
运算模块 109
无人机 200
机身 22
驱动件 221
本体 2211
安装部 2213
控制装置 24
动力装置 26
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，当组件被称为“固定于”另一个组件，它可以直接在另一个组件上或者也可以存在居中的组件。当一个组件被认为是“连接”另一个组件，它可以是直接连接到另一个组件或者可能同时存在居中组件。当一个组件被认为是“设置于”另一个组件，它可以是直接设置在另一个组件上或者可能同时存在居中组件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“或／及”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
下面结合附图，对本发明的一些实施方式作详细说明。在不冲突的情况下，下述的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
请参阅图1，本发明实施方式提供一种探测装置100，所述探测装置100用于探测其周围的障碍物，并判断该障碍物相对该探测装置100的方位。所述探测装置100还可以用于三维成像系统或三维建模系统中，通过所述探测装置100探测所述障碍物上每一单位区域的相对方位信息后，构建所述障碍物的外形轮廓，即可进行三维成像或三维建模。可以理解的是，所述探测装置100还可以用于其它的场合，如应用于空间场景模拟，或者应用于无人飞行器、无人驾驶车辆的自动避障系统中，本说明书不作一一例举。
其中，所述障碍物可以理解为阻挡所述信号传播的物体。
所述探测装置100包括控制器10、发射组件30及接收器50。具体在图示的实施例中，所述发射组件30及所述接收器50分别与所述控制器10电性连接。
所述控制器10用于控制所述发射组件30发射一信号，若所述信号遇到一障碍物，则会反射至所述接收器50中。所述接收器50用于接收反射后的信号，并将所述反射后的信号转换成电信号后，将该电信号传输至所述控制器10中。所述控制器10还用于根据所述电信号计算该障碍物与所述探测装置100之间的距离。进一步地，所述发射组件30还用于向多个方向发射所述信号，所述控制器10用于根据所述信号的反射信号计算所述探测装置100周围的多个方向上的障碍物与所述探测装置100之间的距离。
所述发射组件30包括发射器32、驱动器34及反射器36。具体在图示的实施例中，所述发射器32及所述驱动器34分别与所述控制器10连接，所述反射器36连接于所述驱动器34上。所述发射器32用于将所述信号发射至所述反射器36上，所述驱动器34用于驱动所述反射器36运动，以使所述反射器36能够将所述信号向多个方向发射。
在本实施方式中，所述发射器32为激光发射器，所述发射器32所发出的信号为激光信号。具体而言，所述发射器32包括发射头321及连接于所述发射头321上的发射镜头323。所述发射头321为激光二极管，所述发射镜头323为准直透镜。所述激光二极管用于发射激光信号，所述激光信号穿过所述准直透镜后，具有较高的准直性及稳定性。
可以理解的是，所述发射器32也可发射其他类型的发射光源，并不限于本实施例。
所述驱动器34邻近所述发射器32设置且相互之间间隔一定距离，所述驱动器34用于驱动所述反射器36转动。在本实施方式中，所述驱动器34为微电子机械系统（Micro-Electro-Mechanical System, MEMS）驱动器。所述驱动器34内集成设置有微型执行机构，所述驱动器34通过所述微型执行机构，可以驱动所述反射器36转动。
所述反射器36设置于所述驱动器34的所述微型执行机构上，用以将所述发射器32发射的信号向多个方向发射。在本实施方式中，所述反射器36为反射镜片。
进一步地，所述驱动器34的微执行机构为二轴执行机构，其能够驱动所述反射器36绕一第一轴线转动，同时还能够驱动所述反射器36绕与所述第一轴线相异的第二轴线转动。在本实施方式中，所述第二轴线大致垂直于所述第一轴线。
可以理解，所述第二轴线可以不垂直于所述第一轴线，二者可以互呈任意夹角设置。例如，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线之间的夹角可以大于或等于1°，10°，20°，30°，40°，50°，60°，70°，80°等等；或者，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线之间的夹角可以小于或等于1°，10°，20°，30°，40°，50°，60°，70°，80°，90°等等；或者，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线之间的夹角可以落入上述任意两个值所确定的数值范围内。
可以理解，所述驱动器34可以驱动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线转动任意角度。例如，所述驱动器34可以驱动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线转动30°，使所述反射器36能够将所述发射器32发射的所述信号向所述探测装置100周围的30°范围内反射，以获取所述探测装置100周围的30°范围内的障碍物信息。或者，所述驱动器34可以驱动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线转动180°，使所述反射器36能够将所述发射器32发射的所述信号向所述探测装置100周围的180°范围内反射，以获取所述探测装置100周围的180°范围内的障碍物信息。或者，所述驱动器34可以驱动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线转动360°，使所述反射器36能够将所述发射器32发射的所述信号向所述探测装置100四周反射出，以获取所述探测装置100周四周的障碍物信息。
可以理解，所述驱动器34驱动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线的转动角度可以大于或等于：1°，10°，30°，60°，90°，120°，150°，180°，210°，240°，270°，360°等等；或者，所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线之间的夹角可以小于或等于：10°，30°，60°，90°，120°，150°，180°，210°，240°，270°，360°等等；或者，所述驱动器34驱动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线的转动角度可以落入上述任意两个值所确定的数值范围内。
类似地，所述驱动器34驱动所述反射器36绕所述第二轴线的转动角度可以大于或等于：1°，10°，30°，60°，90°，120°，150°，180°，210°，240°，270°，360°等等；或者，所述第二轴线与所述第二轴线之间的夹角可以小于或等于：10°，30°，60°，90°，120°，150°，180°，210°，240°，270°，360°等等；或者，所述驱动器34驱动所述反射器36绕所述第二轴线的转动角度可以落入上述任意两个值所确定的数值范围内。
所述接收器50邻近所述发射组件30设置，其用于接收所述发射组件30所发射的信号经障碍物反射后的反射信号，并将所述反射信号传输至所述控制器10中，以允许所述控制器10根据所述反射信号计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置100所处的方位。在本实施方式中，所述接收器50包括光电二极管52及接收镜头54。所述接收镜头54邻近所述光电二极管52设置。所述反射信号经由所述接收镜头54校准后，入射至所述光电二极管52，所述光电二极管52将所述反射信号转换为电信号后，传输至所述控制器10中。
可以理解的是，在其他实施例中，为了节省制作成本，所述发射镜头323和所述接收镜头54都可以省略，或者所述发射镜头323和所述接收镜头54只保留其中之一，并不限于本实施例。
请同时参阅图2，本发明还提供一种探测系统S1，图2示出了本发明一实施方式中探测系统S1的功能模块图。所述探测系统S1运行于上述的探测装置100中。具体而言，所述探测系统S1包括中央控制模块101、发射控制模块103、驱动模块105、接收控制模块107以及运算模块109。进一步地，所述探测装置100还包括存储器70（请参阅图1），所述探测系统S1的各个模块为存储在所述存储器70中并可被所述控制器10执行的可程序化的模块。
具体如下：
所述中央控制模块101用于向其余各个模块发送指令，以使各个模块协同作业，控制所述探测装置100探测其周围的障碍物信息。
所述发射控制模块103用于控制所述发射组件30发射信号。具体地，所述发射控制模块103用于控制所述发射组件30的所述发射器32向所述反射器36发射一信号。优选地，所述发射器32为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
所述驱动模块105用于控制所述发射组件30的所述驱动器34带动所述反射器36转动，使所述反射器36将所述信号向所述探测装置100周围的多个方向发射。
所述接收控制模块107用于根据所述接收器50的状态判断是否存在反射信号。具体地，从所述反射器36射出的信号遇到所述障碍物后，会反射至所述接收器50中，所述接收器50的所述光电二极管52的电平会发生改变，所述接收控制模块107能够根据所述接收器50的状态，判断是否存在反射的信号。
在本实施方式中，从所述反射器36射出的所述信号为激光信号，所述光电二极管52用于接收所述激光信号经所述障碍物反射后的信号并将该经所述障碍物反射后的信号转变为电信号。具体地，所述光电二极管52内置有PN结（P型半导体与N型半导体制作在同一块半导体（通常是硅或锗）基片上，在它们的交界面就形成空间电荷区称为PN结）以及电极，所述PN结用于接受入射光照，所述电极用于产生反向电压。当所述光电二极管52没有接受光照时，其内的反向电流很小（一般小于0.1微安）。当述光电二极管52受到光照时，携带能量的光子进入所述PN结后，把能量传给共价键上的束缚电子，使部分电子挣脱共价键，从而产生电子---空穴对，称为光生载流子。所述光生载流子在反向电压作用下参加漂移运动，使反向电流明显变大。光的强度越大，反向电流也越大。当所述光电二极管52电性连接于所述控制器10上时，会因所述反向电流的存在而获得电信号，所述电信号随着射入所述光电二极管52的激光信号的变化而相应变化。因此，所述接收控制模块107能够根据所述电信号的变化，判断是否存在反射的信号。
所述运算模块109用于根据所述信号经反射后的信号，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置100所处的方位。具体地，所述反射信号到达所述接收器50后，所述光电二极管52将所述反射后的信号转换为电信号，所述运算模块109根据所述反射器36的转动角度、所述信号的发射时间及所述反射信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置100所处的方位。
在本实施方式中，所述探测装置100应用于障碍物检测的工作中。所述发射器32持续地向所述反射器36发射信号，同时，所述驱动器34控制所述反射器36转动，使所述反射器36将所述信号向所述探测装置100周围的多个方向发射。若所述探测装置100周围存在障碍物，则投射到所述障碍物上的所述信号会反射至所述接收器50中。所述接收器50将其接收到的经所述障碍物反射后的信号转变为电信号后，传输至所述控制器10中。所述控制器10根据所述反射器36的转动角度可判断出所述信号发射的方向，由此可判断所述障碍物所处的方向；所述控制器10还所述信号的发射时间及所述反射信号的接收时间差，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置100之间的距离，从而可以确定出所述障碍物相对于所述探测装置100所处的方位及距离。
可以理解，在其他的一些实施例中，所述探测装置100可以应用于三维成像或三维建模的工作中。利用所述探测装置100探测其周围的障碍物上每一单位区域的相对方位信息后，构建所述障碍物的外形轮廓，即可进行三维成像或三维建模。具体地，所述发射器32持续地向所述反射器36发射信号，同时，所述驱动器34持续控制所述反射器36转动，使所述反射器36依次将所述信号向所述探测装置100周围空间内的所有方位射出。所述控制器10同时记录每一方位上的所述信号的反射距离，从而得出该方位上的障碍物与所述探测装置100之间的距离信息。然后，所述控制器10根据所述探测装置100周围空间内每一单位方位上的障碍物的信息，重建出所述探测装置100周围空间的外形轮廓，即可进行三维成像或三维建模。若需构建更大空间的三维模型，可以采用多个所述探测装置100协同工作。
请同时参阅图3，本发明还提供一种探测方法，图3示出了本发明一实施方式中探测方法的流程示意图。所述探测方法应用于所述探测系统S1及所述探测装置100中。所述的探测方法包括：
步骤S101：控制所述发射组件30发射信号。具体地，所述发射控制模块103控制所述发射组件30的所述发射器32向所述反射器36发射一信号。优选地，所述发射器32为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
步骤S103：控制所述反射器36运动，以将所述信号向所述探测装置100周围的多个方向发射。具体地，所述驱动模块105控制所述发射组件30的所述驱动器34带动所述反射器36转动，使所述反射器36将所述信号向所述探测装置100的多个方向发射。例如，所述驱动模块105控制所述驱动器34带动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线转动预定角度，使所述信号能够向所述第一轴线方向的四周的预定范围内发射；或者，所述驱动模块105控制所述驱动器34带动所述反射器36绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度，使所述信号能够向所述第二轴线方向的四周的预定范围内发射；或者，所述驱动模块105控制所述驱动器34带动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线及所述第二轴线同时转动，使所述信号能够向所述探测装置100的四周发射。
步骤S105：判断是否存在反射信号，若有反射信号回传至所述接收器50中，则执行步骤S107，若否，则持续判断是否存在反射信号。具体地，从所述反射器36向周围射出的信号遇到所述障碍物后，会反射至所述接收器50中，所述接收控制模块107能够根据所述接收器50的状态，判断是否有信号反射回来。
步骤S107：计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置100所处的方位。具体地，所述反射信号到达所述接收器50后，所述光电二极管52将所述反射后的信号转换为电信号，所述运算模块109根据所述反射器36的转动角度、所述电信号及所述信号的发射时间及所述反射信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置100所处的方位。
请同时参阅图4，图4示出了本发明另一实施方式中探测方法的流程示意图。所述探测方法应用于探测系统S1及一探测装置中，所述探测装置与上述的探测装置100大致相同，其不同在于：本实施方式中的所述探测装置不包括反射器，所述探测装置的发射器的发射头设置于所述驱动器的微执行机构上，从而所述驱动器能够驱动所述发射器绕所述第一轴线或/及所述第二轴线转动预定角度，以向所述探测装置的周围的预定范围内发射信号。所述的探测方法包括：
步骤S201：控制所述发射组件30发射信号。具体地，所述发射控制模块103控制所述发射组件30的所述发射器32向发射一信号。优选地，所述发射器32为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
步骤S203：同时控制所述发射器32运动，以将所述信号向所述探测装置100周围的多个方向发射。具体地，所述驱动模块105控制所述发射组件30的所述驱动器34带动所述发射器32转动，使所述发射器32将所述信号向所述探测装置100的多个方向发射。例如，所述驱动模块105控制所述驱动器34带动所述发射器32绕所述第一轴线转动预定角度，使所述信号能够向所述第一轴线方向的四周的预定范围内发射；或者，所述驱动模块105控制所述驱动器34带动所述发射器32绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度，使所述信号能够向所述第二轴线方向的四周的预定范围内发射；或者，所述驱动模块105控制所述驱动器34带动所述发射器32绕所述第一轴线及所述第二轴线同时转动，使所述信号能够向所述探测装置100的四周发射。
步骤S205：判断是否存在反射信号，若有反射信号回传至所述接收器50中，则执行步骤S107，若否，则持续判断是否存在反射信号。具体地，从所述发射器32向周围射出的信号遇到所述障碍物后，会反射至所述接收器50中，所述接收控制模块107能够根据所述接收器50的状态，判断是否有信号反射回来。
步骤S207：计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置100所处的方位。具体地，所述反射信号到达所述接收器50后，所述光电二极管52将所述反射后的信号转换为电信号，所述运算模块109根据所述发射器32的转动角度、所述电信号及所述信号的发射时间及所述反射信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置100所处的方位。
本发明实施方式中的所述探测装置100及所述探测系统S1可以应用于无人机的障碍物探测工作中。
请同时参阅图5，本发明还提供一种无人机200，所述无人机200包括机身22、控制装置24、动力装置26以及上述的探测装置100。具体在图式的实施例中，所述控制装置24、所述动力装置26及所述探测装置100均设置于所述机身22上。
所述控制装置24用于控制所述无人机200整体运行，所述动力装置26用于为所述无人机200提供行进的动力。所述探测装置100内置有所述探测系统S1，所述探测系统S1能够控制所述探测装置100检测所述无人机200周围的障碍物信息，并将该障碍物信息传输至所述控制装置24中。所述控制装置24能够根据所述障碍物信息，控制动力装置26运转，以使所述无人机200避开所述障碍物。
进一步地，所述机身22上还设置有驱动件221，所述驱动件221用于装设所述探测装置100。在本实施方式中，所述驱动件221为旋转电机。所述驱动件221包括本体2211及安装部2213。具体在图示的实施例中，所述本体2211设置于所述机身22上，所述安装部2213设置于所述本体2211上，并能在所述控制装置24的驱动下，相对所述本体2211绕一第三轴线转动。所述安装部2213用于装设所述探测装置100。当所述探测装置100设置于所述安装部2213上时，所述第三轴线大致与所述第一轴线及所述第二轴线均垂直，即，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述第三轴线两两正交设置。
当所述无人机200利用所述探测装置100检测其周围的障碍物时，所述驱动件221可以驱动所述探测装置100绕所述第三轴线转动，使所述发射组件30能够向所述第三轴线方向的四周扫描并发射信号。同时，所述探测装置100的驱动器34可以驱动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线或/及所述第二轴线转动，使所述发射组件30能够向所述无人机200四周扫描并发射信号。
具体在所述无人机200上，所述第三轴线可以为所述无人机200的航向轴，所述第二轴线可以为所述无人机200的俯仰轴，所述第一轴线可以为所述无人机200的横滚轴。
本发明的探测装置100，由于其采用了所述驱动器34驱动所述反射器36转动，使得所述发射器32发射的信号能够向所述探测装置100的周围的多个方向发射，所述探测装置100的探测覆盖范围相对较广。
另外，本发明的探测装置100，采用了微电子机械系统驱动器作为所述驱动器34驱动所述反射器36转动，由于微电子机械系统驱动器本身体积微小且精度高，使所述探测装置100在具有较高的探测精度的同时，整体体积较小，其布置的灵活性较高，且便于所述无人机200搭载或携带。
可以理解，所述驱动件221可以省略，而直接将所述探测装置100装设于所述机身22上即可。
可以理解，所述反射器36可以省略，而直接将所述发射器32连接于所述驱动器34上，使所述发射器32的发射头321设置于所述驱动器34的微执行机构上，从而所述驱动器34能够驱动所述发射器32绕所述第一轴线或/及所述第二轴线转动预定角度，以向所述探测装置100的周围的预定范围内发射信号。
可以理解，当所述探测装置100需要检测某特定方向上的障碍物时，所述驱动器34可以仅驱动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线或所述第二轴线转动。或者，当所述探测装置100需要检测某特定方向上的障碍物时，所述驱动器34可以不驱动所述反射器36转动，而使所述驱动件221驱动所述探测装置100整体绕所述第三轴线转动。
可以理解，所述驱动器34的微执行机构也可以为二轴执行机构以外的执行机构，例如，所述驱动器34的微执行机构可以为三轴、四轴、五轴或多轴执行机构。当所述驱动器34的微执行机构为三轴执行机构时，其其能够驱动所述反射器36绕所述第一轴线及所述第二轴线转动的同时，还能够驱动所述反射器36绕与所述第一轴线及所述第二轴线均相异的一附加轴线转动。所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线可以两两相交设置。进一步地，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线可以两两正交设置。
可以理解，所述探测装置100及所述探测系统S1不局限于在自动避障系统中应用，其还可以应用于三维成像系统、三维建模系统或者空间场景模拟系统中。甚至，所述探测装置100及所述探测系统S1还可以应用于定位系统中。
具体而言，所述无人机200内可以设置有惯性测量系统及自主定位系统，所述惯性测量系统用于检测所述无人机200当前的运动状态以及飞行姿态，所述自主定位系统用于实现所述无人机200自主定位。当所述无人机200采用所述探测装置100检测周围障碍物相对所述无人机200的相对方位后，能够建立其周围环境的模拟空间（请参上述有关所述探测装置100在三维建模中的应用）。所述无人机200获取所述探测装置100与其周围障碍物之间的相对位置后，所述自主定位系统通过即时定位与地图构建（simultaneous localization and mapping，SLAM）算法，并结合所述惯性测量系统所测得所述无人机200当前的飞行姿态，能够最终确定所述无人机200在所述模拟空间中的位置，从而可以实现自主定位的功能。
可以理解，所述探测装置100的装设于所述无人机200上的位置不受限制，其可以装设在所述无人机200上的任何部位，例如，装设于所述机身22的上表面、下表面或侧面等，还可装设在所述动力装置上。可以理解，为了扫描并检测更大空间内的障碍物，所述无人机200上可以设置有多个所述探测装置100。
可以理解，所述运算模块109计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置100之间的距离时，其计算方法可以采用但不限于上文所描述的通过所述信号的发射与接收的时间差（即脉冲法测距）的方法确定所述距离，其还可以通过其他的方法计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置100之间的距离。例如，所述运算模块109可以通过相位法测量并计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置100之间的距离。
具体而言，所述探测装置100还可以包括调制器（图未示出），所述调制器能够利用无线电波段的频率，对所述发射器32所发射的信号进行幅度调制，并获取一调制信号，以允许所述反射器36将所述调制信号向所述探测装置100的周围发射。所述调制器还用于在当所述接收器50接收到所述调制信号经所述障碍物反射后的信号时，测定并调制所述调制信号在发射和接收过程中所产生的相位延迟。所述运算模块109能够根据所述调制信号的波长，结合所述相位延迟，换段所述相位延迟所代表的距离，从而可以计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置100之间的距离。
在本发明实施方式中，所述无人机200为旋翼飞行器，其用于搭载照相机、摄像机等拍摄装置进行航拍作业。可以理解，所述无人机200还可以用于地图测绘、灾情调查和救援、空中监控、输电线路巡检等工作。同样可以理解的是，所述无人机200还可以为固定翼飞行器。
可以理解，所述探测装置100及所述探测系统S1不局限于在所述无人机中应用，其还可以应用于其他的可移动设备或遥控移动装置如无人驾驶车辆、无人驾驶船舶的自动避障系统中，本说明书不作一一赘述。
以上实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照以上实施方式对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或等同替换都不应脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (108)

  1. 一种探测装置，其包括控制器、发射组件以及接收器，所述接收器及所述发射组件分别与所述控制器电性连接，其特征在于：所述发射组件包括发射器、驱动器及反射器，所述反射器连接于所述驱动器上，并邻近所述发射器设置；所述控制器能够控制所述驱动器驱动所述反射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够经由所述反射器反射后向多个方向射出。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述发射器为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述发射器包括发射头。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述发射器还包括连接于所述发射头上的发射镜头。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述发射头为激光发射头，所述发射镜头为准直镜头。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述驱动器为微电子机械系统驱动器。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述驱动器内设置有微型执行机构，所述反射器连接于所述微型执行机构上，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述反射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述反射器绕所述第一轴线或/及绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述接收器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管能够接收由所述发射组件射出的信号经由一障碍物反射后的信号，并将该反射后的信号转换为电信号。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述接收器还包括设置于所述光电二极管上的接收镜头。
  14. 如权利要求1所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述探测装置还包括调制器，所述调制器能够对所述发射器发射的信号进行幅度调制。
  15. 一种探测系统，其运行于一探测装置上，所述探测装置包括控制器、发射组件以及接收器，所述发射组件包括发射器、驱动器及反射器，所述反射器连接于所述驱动器上，并邻近所述发射器设置；
    所述探测系统包括：
    发射控制模块，用于控制所述发射器发射信号；
    驱动模块，用于控制所述驱动器带动所述反射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够经由所述反射器反射后向多个方向射出。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述探测系统还包括接收模块，所述接收模块用于控制所述接收器接收所述发射组件射出的信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，以允许所述控制器根据所述反射的信号计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述探测系统还包括运算模块，所述运算模块用于根据所述信号的发射时间以及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述探测系统还包括运算模块，所述运算模块用于根据所述发射组件发射的信号在发射及接收过程中产生的相位延迟，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
  19. 如权利要求16所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述发射器包括发射头，所述发射控制模块用于控制所述发射头发射所述信号，所述信号为激光信号。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述发射控制模块用于控制所述发射头向所述反射器发射所述信号，所述驱动模块用于控制所述驱动器带动所述反射器转动预定角度，以将所述信号向多个方向射出。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述运算模块用于根据所述反射器转动的角度及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
  22. 一种探测方法，其应用于一探测装置上，所述探测装置包括控制器以及发射组件，所述发射组件包括发射器、驱动器及反射器，所述反射器连接于所述驱动器上，并邻近所述发射器设置，所述控制器能够控制所述驱动器驱动所述反射器转动；
    所述探测方法包括以下步骤：
    控制所述发射器发射信号；以及
    控制所述驱动器驱动所述反射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够经由所述反射器反射后向多个方向射出。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述探测装置还包括接收器，所述信号向多个方向射出后，控制所述接收器接收所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，并控制所述控制器根据所述反射的信号计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的探测方法，其特征在于：计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述信号的发射时间以及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
  25. 如权利要求23所述的探测方法，其特征在于：计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述发射组件发射的信号在发射及接收过程中产生的相位延迟，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
  26. 如权利要求24或25所述的探测方法，其特征在于：计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述反射器转动的角度及所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
  27. 如权利要求22所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述发射器为激光发射器，控制所述发射器发射所述信号时，所述信号为激光信号。
  28. 如权利要求22所述的探测方法，其特征在于：控制所述驱动器带动所述反射器转动时，所述驱动器驱动所述反射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线；控制所述驱动器带动所述反射器转动时，所述驱动器驱动所述反射器绕所述第一轴线或/及所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
  31. 如权利要求28所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
  33. 一种可移动设备，其包括机身及连接于所述机身上的探测装置，所述探测装置包括发射组件及接收器，其特征在于：所述发射组件包括发射器、驱动器及反射器，所述反射器连接于所述驱动器上，并邻近所述发射器设置；所述驱动器能够驱动所述反射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够经由所述反射器反射后向多个方向射出。
  34. 如权利要求33所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述发射器为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
  35. 如权利要求33所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述发射器包括发射头。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述发射器还包括连接于所述发射头上的发射镜头。
  37. 如权利要求36所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述发射头为激光发射头，所述发射镜头为准直镜头。
  38. 如权利要求33所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述驱动器为微电子机械系统驱动器。
  39. 如权利要求33所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述驱动器内设置有微型执行机构，所述反射器连接于所述微型执行机构上，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述反射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
  40. 如权利要求39所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
  41. 如权利要求40所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
  42. 如权利要求39所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述反射器绕所述第一轴线或/及绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
  43. 如权利要求42所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
  44. 如权利要求42所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述可移动设备上还设置有驱动件，所述探测装置设置于所述驱动件上，并能够在所述驱动件的驱动下相对所述机身转动。
  45. 如权利要求44所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述驱动件为旋转电机。
  46. 如权利要求44所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述驱动件包括本体及可转动地设置于所述本体上的安装件，所述探测装置设置于所述安装件上，所述安装件能够带动所述探测装置绕一第三轴线转动。
  47. 如权利要求46所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述第三轴线与所述第一轴线及所述第二轴线均不相平行。
  48. 如权利要求46所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述第三轴线两两相互垂直设置。
  49. 如权利要求33所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述接收器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管能够接收由所述发射组件射出的信号经由一障碍物反射后的信号，并将该反射后的信号转换为电信号。
  50. 如权利要求49所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述接收器还包括设置于所述光电二极管上的接收镜头。
  51. 如权利要求33所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述探测装置还包括调制器，所述调制器能够对所述发射器发射的信号进行幅度调制。
  52. 如权利要求33所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述可移动设备还包括惯性测量系统，所述惯性测量系统能够检测所述可移动设备的运行姿态。
  53. 如权利要求52所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述探测装置还包括控制器，所述接收器及所述发射组件分别与所述控制器电性连接，所述控制器能够根据所述发射组件射出的信号及所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，计算所述障碍物与所述可移动设备之间的相对的方位。
  54. 如权利要求53所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述可移动设备还包括自主定位系统，所述自主定位系统在所述控制器计算所述障碍物与所述可移动设备之间的相对的方位后，能够通过即时定位与地图构建算法，并结合所述惯性测量系统所测得的所述可移动设备当前的飞行姿态，确定所述可移动设备在其周围空间中的位置。
  55. 一种探测装置，其包括控制器、发射组件及接收器，所述接收器及所述发射组件分别与所述控制器电性连接，其特征在于：所述发射组件包括驱动器和连接在所述驱动器上的发射器，所述控制器能够控制所述驱动器驱动所述发射器转动，所述发射器能够在所述驱动器的驱动下向多个方向发射信号。
  56. 如权利要求55所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述发射器为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
  57. 如权利要求55所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述发射器包括设置于所述驱动器上的发射头。
  58. 如权利要求57所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述发射器还包括连接于所述发射头上的发射镜头。
  59. 如权利要求58所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述发射头为激光发射头，所述发射镜头为准直镜头。
  60. 如权利要求55所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述驱动器为微电子机械系统驱动器。
  61. 如权利要求55所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述驱动器内设置有微型执行机构，所述发射器连接于所述微型执行机构上，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述发射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
  62. 如权利要求61所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述发射器绕所述第一轴线或/及绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
  63. 如权利要求62所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
  64. 如权利要求61所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
  65. 如权利要求64所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
  66. 如权利要求55所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述接收器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管能够接收由所述发射器发射的信号经由一障碍物反射后的信号，并将该反射后的信号转换为电信号。
  67. 如权利要求66所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述接收器还包括设置于所述光电二极管上的接收镜头。
  68. 如权利要求55所述的探测装置，其特征在于：所述探测装置还包括调制器，所述调制器能够对所述发射器发射的信号进行幅度调制。
  69. 一种可移动设备，其包括机身及连接于所述机身上的探测装置，所述探测装置包括发射组件及接收器，其特征在于：所述发射组件包括驱动器和连接于所述驱动器的发射器，所述驱动器能够驱动所述发射器转动，所述发射器能够在所述驱动器的驱动下向多个方向发射信号。
  70. 如权利要求69所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述发射器为激光发射器，所述信号为激光信号。
  71. 如权利要求69所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述发射器包括设置于所述驱动器上的发射头。
  72. 如权利要求71所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述发射器还包括连接于所述发射头上的发射镜头。
  73. 如权利要求72所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述发射头为激光发射头，所述发射镜头为准直镜头。
  74. 如权利要求69所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述驱动器为微电子机械系统驱动器。
  75. 如权利要求69所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述驱动器内设置有微型执行机构，所述发射器连接于所述微型执行机构上，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述发射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
  76. 如权利要求75所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
  77. 如权利要求76所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
  78. 如权利要求75所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线，所述微型执行机构能够驱动所述发射器绕所述第一轴线或/及绕所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
  79. 如权利要求78所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
  80. 如权利要求78所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述可移动设备上还设置有驱动件，所述探测装置设置于所述驱动件上，并能够在所述驱动件的驱动下相对所述机身转动。
  81. 如权利要求80所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述驱动件为旋转电机。
  82. 如权利要求80所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述驱动件包括本体及可转动地设置于所述本体上的安装件，所述探测装置设置于所述安装件上，所述安装件能够带动所述探测装置绕一第三轴线转动。
  83. 如权利要求82所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述第三轴线与所述第一轴线及所述第二轴线均不相平行。
  84. 如权利要求82所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述第三轴线两两相互垂直设置。
  85. 如权利要求69所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述接收器包括光电二极管，所述光电二极管能够接收由所述发射器发射的信号经由一障碍物反射后的信号，并将该反射后的信号转换为电信号。
  86. 如权利要求85所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述接收器还包括设置于所述光电二极管上的接收镜头。
  87. 如权利要求69所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述探测装置还包括调制器，所述调制器能够对所述发射器发射的信号进行幅度调制。
  88. 如权利要求69所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述可移动设备还包括惯性测量系统，所述惯性测量系统能够检测所述可移动设备的运行姿态。
  89. 如权利要求88所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述探测装置还包括控制器，所述接收器及所述发射组件分别与所述控制器电性连接，所述控制器能够根据所述发射组件射出的信号及所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，计算所述障碍物与所述可移动设备之间的相对的方位。
  90. 如权利要求89所述的可移动设备，其特征在于：所述可移动设备还包括自主定位系统，所述自主定位系统在所述控制器计算所述障碍物与所述可移动设备之间的相对的方位后，能够通过即时定位与地图构建算法，并结合所述惯性测量系统所测得的所述可移动设备当前的飞行姿态，确定所述可移动设备在其周围空间中的位置。
  91. 一种探测方法，其应用于一探测装置上，所述探测装置包括控制器以及发射组件，所述发射组件包括驱动器及连接于所述驱动器上的发射器，所述控制器能够控制所述驱动器驱动所述发射器转动；
    所述探测方法包括以下步骤：
    控制所述发射器发射信号；同时
    控制所述驱动器驱动所述发射器转动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号能够向多个方向射出。
  92. 如权利要求91所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述探测装置还包括接收器，所述信号射出后，控制所述接收器接收所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，并控制所述控制器根据所述反射的信号计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
  93. 如权利要求92所述的探测方法，其特征在于：计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述信号的发射时间以及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
  94. 如权利要求92所述的探测方法，其特征在于：计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述发射器发射的信号在发射及接收过程中产生的相位延迟，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
  95. 如权利要求93或94所述的探测方法，其特征在于：计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位时，根据所述发射器转动的角度及所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
  96. 如权利要求91所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述发射器为激光发射器，控制所述发射器发射所述信号时，所述信号为激光信号。
  97. 如权利要求91所述的探测方法，其特征在于：控制所述驱动器带动所述发射器转动时，所述驱动器驱动所述发射器绕至少一个轴线转动预定角度。
  98. 如权利要求97所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为两个，并分别为第一轴线及与所述第一轴线相交的第二轴线；控制所述驱动器带动所述发射器转动时，所述驱动器驱动所述发射器绕所述第一轴线或/及所述第二轴线转动预定角度。
  99. 如权利要求98所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述第一轴线与所述第二轴线相互垂直设置。
  100. 如权利要求97所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述至少一个轴线的数量为三个，并分别为第一轴线、第二轴线及附加轴线，所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相交。
  101. 如权利要求100所述的探测方法，其特征在于：所述第一轴线、所述第二轴线及所述附加轴线两两相互垂直设置。
  102. 一种探测系统，其运行于一探测装置上，所述探测装置包括控制器、发射组件以及接收器，所述发射组件包括驱动器及及连接于所述驱动器上的发射器；
    所述探测系统包括：
    发射控制模块，用于控制所述发射器发射信号；
    驱动模块，用于控制所述驱动器带动所述发射器动，以使所述发射器发射的所述信号向多个方向射出。
  103. 如权利要求012所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述探测系统还包括接收模块，所述接收模块用于控制所述接收器接收所述发射器射出的所述信号遇到一障碍物后反射的信号，以允许所述控制器根据所述反射的信号计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
  104. 如权利要求1103所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述探测系统还包括运算模块，所述运算模块用于根据所述信号的发射时间以及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
  105. 如权利要求103所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述探测系统还包括运算模块，所述运算模块用于根据所述发射器发射的信号在发射及接收过程中产生的相位延迟，计算所述障碍物与所述探测装置之间的距离。
  106. 如权利要求103所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述发射器包括发射头，所述发射控制模块用于控制所述发射头发射所述信号，所述信号为激光信号。
  107. 如权利要求106所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述发射控制模块用于控制所述发射头向所述发射器发射所述信号，所述驱动模块用于控制所述驱动器带动所述发射器转动预定角度，以将所述信号向多个方向射出。
  108. 如权利要求107所述的探测系统，其特征在于：所述运算模块用于根据所述发射器转动的角度及所述反射的信号的接收时间，计算所述障碍物相对所述探测装置所处的方位。
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