WO2017020061A1 - Joint homocinétique de grande articulation - Google Patents

Joint homocinétique de grande articulation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017020061A1
WO2017020061A1 PCT/AU2016/000140 AU2016000140W WO2017020061A1 WO 2017020061 A1 WO2017020061 A1 WO 2017020061A1 AU 2016000140 W AU2016000140 W AU 2016000140W WO 2017020061 A1 WO2017020061 A1 WO 2017020061A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
joint
spherical bearing
ball
male
guide
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2016/000140
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edward Wechner
Original Assignee
Edward Wechner
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2015903124A external-priority patent/AU2015903124A0/en
Application filed by Edward Wechner filed Critical Edward Wechner
Publication of WO2017020061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017020061A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/224—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts the groove centre-lines in each coupling part lying on a sphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts

Definitions

  • CV joints are typically used in the automotive industry to transfer power from a gear case or transaxle through to the steering wheels.
  • CV joints There are typically two different types of CV joints.
  • Such large articulation outboard CV joints are capable of articulation angles typically above 45°.
  • the current invention relates to large articulation outboard CV joints and is adapted to provide articulation angles up to 5G ⁇
  • a typical prior art large articulation outboard CV joint (such as US Patent 7462107) is described with reference to of Figures 1 , 2 and 3.
  • a fundamental element of the CV joint is the spherical bearing shown in Figure 2 that connects the input shaft 1 to the output housing 2 in a way that it can articulate in all directions, in prior art CV joints this is achieved by a male spherical bearing surface 8 on the drive hub 3, that is connected to the input shaft 1, via the spline 12 and held in place axialiy with the spring circlip 13.
  • a female spherical bearing surface 9 is located on the output housing 2 and a ball guiding cage 4 with a male and a female spherical bearing surface is located between the spherical bearing surfaces 8 and 9.
  • the spherical surfaces have a common centre 10.
  • a rubber bellow 14 is typically used as a grease sea! for the CV joint.
  • the drive hub 3 has a digital number of spherical ball race grooves 6 having a centre 6A that is eccentrically offset from the common spherica! centre 10 by the distance e, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the output housing 2 has the same number of spherical ball i racing grooves 7 having a centre 7A that is offset by the same dimension e from the common spherical centre 10 taut in the opposite direction. Torque can be transmitted between the input shaft 1 and the output housing 2 via the driving bails 5.
  • Figure 3 shows the force vector couple F that transmits the driving force from the spherical ' ball race grooves 6 to the spherical bail race grooves 7 via the driving balls 5.
  • the angle a in Figur 3, between the force vector couple F and the horizontal axis defines the operating pressure angle. If would be understood by a person skilled in the art that the greater the angle a the less torque can be transmitted for a given amount of force F. in order to achieve a constant velocity characteristic it is imperative that all driving balls 5 remain aligned with the homo-kinetic plane 11 at all times.
  • the homo-kinetic plane 11 is defined as the plane that bisects the articulation angle between the centre axis of the input shaft 1 and the centr axis of the output housing 2. This is achieved by the eccentricity e of the spherical ball racing grooves 6 and 7 and the defined location of the balls 5 in the ball guiding cage 4.
  • this ball guiding cage 4 is detrimental to the efficiency of prior art CV joints because it separates the force contact points of the vector couple F radially and therefore they have a different contact velocity thus causing the balls to slide, rather than roll, like in a ball bearing. Consequently prior art CV joints are the lowest efficient mechanical drive element in the whole drive train of a modern motor car.
  • the ball guiding cage 4 is also detrimental to the torque density of the CV joint as it increases the operating pressure angle.
  • Preferabiy said rpl!able elements are drive balls and said reliable element guide means is a bail guide means.
  • said male spherical bearing surface is defined by driving cogs.
  • said ball guide means is axially constrained on said input shaft fay mating male and female guide spheres.
  • said ball guide means includes a disc with a circular groove that matches the diameter and radial position of the driving balls whereby said ball guide provides a radial support for the driving balls and an axial support in both axial directions, said circular groove being interrupted by a number of cutouts that are shaped to clear said driving cogs.
  • the ball guide includes a left hand bail guide half, a right hand ball guide half, a location pin with spherical ends on both sides and set screws to clamp said bail guide halves together.
  • said ball race grooves are concentric with said spherical bearing surfaces and said ball guide means includes two ball guide halves and a guide plate that slides radially in a cavity between said two ball guide halves, said guide plate having spherical bearing surfaces which engage siidably in a cylindrical hole in the centre of the input shaft on one side and in a cylindrical hole located in the centre of the output housing o the other side.
  • said reliable eiements are taper rollers that roll on mating roller races and have an extension that engages slidabfy in a mating groove in roller guides.
  • FIG. 3 shows cross-section A-A (defined in Figure 3) of a prior art outboard constant velocity ' joint s shows cross-section B-B (defined in Figure 3 ⁇ of a prior art outboard constant velocity joint, shows a cross-section through the homo-kinetic plane of a prior art outboard constant velocity joint, shows cross-section C-C (defined in Figure 7 ⁇ of a CV joint according to a first embodiment of subject invention, shows cross-section D-D (defined in Figure 7) of the CV joint according to said first embodiment of subject invention shows cross-section D-D in its maximum articulated position, shows a cross-section through the homo-kinetic plane of the CV joint according to said first embodiment of subject invention, shows a vie in axial direction of the CV joint according to said first embodiment of subject invention to demonstrate the assembly procedure, shows a three dimensional view of the input shaft of the CV joint according to said first embodiment of subject invention, shows a three dimensional view of the output housing of the CV joint according to said first embodiment of subject invention, shows a three dimensional view of the ball guide
  • Figure 15 shows a cross-section through the homo-kinetic plane of the CV joint of Figure 13,
  • Figure 16 shows cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a CV joint according to subject invention with taper roller driving elements
  • Figure 17 shows a cross-section through the homo-kinetic plane of the CV joint of Figure 16
  • the joint of the subject invention has a spherical bearing shown in Figure 5, connecting the input shaft 15 to the output housing 18 in a way that it can articulate in all directions.
  • the driving spherical ball race grooves 9 are defined between the driving cogs 17 that are an integral part of the input shaft 15.
  • the driven spherical ball race grooves 20 are located in the output housing 16.
  • the driving balls 5A are constrained by the bail guide 18 to sta in the homo-kinetic plane throughout the articulation of the cv joint.
  • the ball guide 18 preferably consists of a disc with a circular groove 18A that matches the diameter of the driving balls 5A and the radial position of the driving balls 5A as shown in Figure 4.
  • the circula groove 18A is interrupted by a number of cutouts 18B that are shaped in a way to clear the driving cogs 17 in ail articulated positions.
  • An essential feature of the ball guide 18 is that ft provides a radial support for the driving balls 5A and an axial support in both axial directions.
  • a hole 18C is preferably formed in the centre of the ball guidei e for th purpose of minimising mass while still maintaining the required operating rigidity.
  • the male guide sphere 23 is supported on the female guide sphere 24 as shown in Figure 5 and 6 to ensure that the bail guidelS, together with all driving balls 5A, stays in the horno-kinetic plane 11, throughout the articulation of the cv joint.
  • ball guide 18 moves radially, together with the driving balls 5A, throughout every revolution, in an articulated position.
  • bail guides are located by the .spherical bearing surfaces 8 and 9 and cannot move radially. This adds frictiortal losses to the CV joint as the driving ball 5 slide radially with every revolution against the bail guiding cage 4. These sliding forces are significant with large articulation angles as the ball race grooves 8 and 7 continuously alternate their angular position throughout a revolution and therefore push the driving balls alternatively in both directions. A positive support for the driving balls 5 in both directions is therefore imperative for a reliable operation.
  • the ball guide 18 is axially constrained by th male guide sphere 23 that mates with the female guide sphere 24 located on the drive shaft 15.
  • the centres of these guide spheres 23 and 24 are located at a position that ensures that the ball guide 18 stays aligned with the homo- kinetic plane throughout the articulation of the CV joint - see Figure 6.
  • Figure 7 shows the reduction in the operating pressure angle ⁇ relative to the prior art CV joint shown in Figure 3.
  • An additional advantage of the subject invention is that the driving bails 5A are not radially supported b the torque transmitting drive hub 3 as is the case with prior art CV joints. This minimises the increase of operating pressure angle as the CV joint wears. Worn prior art CV joints show wear mark on the sphencai ball races that indicate operating pressure angles as much as 60° , which significantly increases the radial force. To accommodate the stresses caused by this large radial force the wall thickness of the prior art output housing must be appropriately increased. The CV joint of the subject invention however requires less wail thickness on the output housing 16 due to the lower radial force.
  • FIG 8 shows how the CV joint of the subject invention can be assembled axially.
  • the tangential thickness of the drive cogs 17 is preferably slightly less than the gap between the driven spherical ball race grooves 20, thus ailowing to slide the input shaft 15 axially into the output housing 16 until the spherical centres 10 are aligned, it can be then rotated into the operating position like a bayonet, providing the required axial constraint between the input shaft 15 and the output housing 16.
  • Figures 9, 10 and 11 show three dimensional views of the three major components of this CV joint.
  • Figure 12 shows a CV joint in accordance with a second embodiment of the invention that does not require the ball inserting holes shown in Figure 4.
  • the ball guid now consists of four parts, the left hand ball guide 28, the right hand ball guide 29, the location pin 27 with spherical ends on both sides and a number of set screws 25 to clamp the ball guide halves 28 and 29 together with the aid of the alie key 26, after the drive balls 5A are inserted.
  • the male spherical surfaces on either end of the location in are supported on female spherical surfaces located in the drive shaft 15 on one end and a femal spherical surface on the left hand ball guide 28 on the other end. Its position is such that it keeps the driving balls 5A aligned with the homo-kinetic plane throughout the articulation of the CV joint.
  • Figures 13, 14 and 15 show a CV joint according to a third embodiment of the invention that is signified by the feature that the spherical bail race surfaces 36 and 37 are now concentric with the spherical bearing surfaces 38 and 39.
  • the advantage of this is that the driving balls 5A do not move radially any more during the
  • the driving balls do not require any axial constraints in this variation as the spherical ball race surfaces define their axial position. However, they now require a rotational constraint to ensure they stay in the homo-kinetic plane when the cv joint is not articulated.
  • the rotational constraining device in this variation consists of two ball guide halves 34 and 35 and a guide plate 40 that freely slides radially in a cavity between the two ball guide halves 34 and 35.
  • the guide plate 40 has a spherical bearing surface 43 at an equal distanc from the centre on both sides.
  • a CV joint according to a fourth embodiment of the subject invention is shown in figures 18 and 17 where the use of non spherical rolling elements, such as taper rollers, spherical rollers or cylinder rollers, is disclosed.
  • This embodiment uses taper rollers 45 that roll on mating roller races 49 and 50 and have an extension 46 that engages sSidafol in a mating groove in the roller guides 47 and 48.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the torque density of the CV joint is further improved, due to the larger roller diameter and the increased roiling radius of the rollers.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Friction Gearing (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une grande articulation, un joint homocinétique pour une utilisation dans un transfert de couple entre une boîte-pont d'un véhicule et une roue motrice orientable. Le joint comprend un arbre d'entrée (15) ayant un palier sphérique relié à un boîtier de sortie (14). Le palier sphérique comprend une surface d'appui sphérique mâle (21) placée de manière rotative à l'intérieur d'une surface d'appui sphérique femelle (22) du boîtier de sortie (16). Plusieurs éléments roulants espacés (5A) sont disposés dans des rainures de course (20) respectives et disposés radialement autour des surfaces de palier sphérique mâle et femelle et venant en prise entre celles-ci (21, 22). Il existe un moyen de guidage d'élément roulant (18), situé entièrement à l'intérieur de la surface d'appui sphérique mâle (21), qui est contraint de façon axiale sur l'arbre d'entrée (15) de telle sorte que, pendant la rotation du joint, le moyen de guidage d'élément roulant (18) maintient l'alignement avec un plan homocinétique du joint à travers une plage d'angles d'articulation.
PCT/AU2016/000140 2015-08-05 2016-04-23 Joint homocinétique de grande articulation WO2017020061A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2015903124A AU2015903124A0 (en) 2015-08-05 Constant Velocity Joint
AU2015903124 2015-08-05
AU2016200192 2016-01-13
AU2016200192 2016-01-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017020061A1 true WO2017020061A1 (fr) 2017-02-09

Family

ID=57942110

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2016/000140 WO2017020061A1 (fr) 2015-08-05 2016-04-23 Joint homocinétique de grande articulation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2017020061A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2321448A (en) * 1941-12-19 1943-06-08 Borg Warner Constant velocity universal joint
US3919861A (en) * 1970-01-21 1975-11-18 Andrea Bellomo Homokinetic joint
US7008326B2 (en) * 2003-06-09 2006-03-07 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Constant velocity universal joint
CN203836004U (zh) * 2014-03-10 2014-09-17 上海华镛精密机械有限公司 用于汽车传动轴装置中的紧凑型高效率星形套
WO2014173636A1 (fr) * 2013-04-22 2014-10-30 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Joint homocinétique à billes en forme de joint coulissant sans cage et procédé de fabrication d'une partie intérieure de joint

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2321448A (en) * 1941-12-19 1943-06-08 Borg Warner Constant velocity universal joint
US3919861A (en) * 1970-01-21 1975-11-18 Andrea Bellomo Homokinetic joint
US7008326B2 (en) * 2003-06-09 2006-03-07 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Constant velocity universal joint
WO2014173636A1 (fr) * 2013-04-22 2014-10-30 Gkn Driveline International Gmbh Joint homocinétique à billes en forme de joint coulissant sans cage et procédé de fabrication d'une partie intérieure de joint
CN203836004U (zh) * 2014-03-10 2014-09-17 上海华镛精密机械有限公司 用于汽车传动轴装置中的紧凑型高效率星形套

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