WO2017016187A1 - 常压塔顶油气换热装置及换热方法 - Google Patents

常压塔顶油气换热装置及换热方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017016187A1
WO2017016187A1 PCT/CN2016/000416 CN2016000416W WO2017016187A1 WO 2017016187 A1 WO2017016187 A1 WO 2017016187A1 CN 2016000416 W CN2016000416 W CN 2016000416W WO 2017016187 A1 WO2017016187 A1 WO 2017016187A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water injection
heat exchange
oil
shell
casing
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PCT/CN2016/000416
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王健良
张贤安
胡兴苗
沈永淼
周奎儿
马慧丽
刘利江
王宇
马晨晨
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镇海石化建安工程有限公司
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Application filed by 镇海石化建安工程有限公司 filed Critical 镇海石化建安工程有限公司
Priority to KR1020177001699A priority Critical patent/KR101848697B1/ko
Priority to EP16829559.0A priority patent/EP3171110B1/en
Priority to JP2017506929A priority patent/JP6315869B2/ja
Publication of WO2017016187A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017016187A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • C10G9/18—Apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/086—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from titanium or titanium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0246—Arrangements for connecting header boxes with flow lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G9/00—Cleaning by flushing or washing, e.g. with chemical solvents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0059—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for petrochemical plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/22—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for draining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chemical equipment and a chemical process, in particular to an atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas heat exchange device and a heat exchange method.
  • the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit cuts crude oil into fractions such as naphtha, jet coal, diesel oil, kerosene and vacuum residue by distillation according to the boiling point of each component, and its distillation technology level and device Smooth and efficient operation is directly related to the output value and economic benefits of subsequent devices.
  • the quality of world crude oil has generally declined, the global light crude oil output has declined; the sulfur content has continued to rise; the acidity of oil has increased; the difficulty of mining has resulted in a large amount of Cl-containing additives in processing crude oil.
  • the construction of the device generally adopts materials upgrade and strengthen the process of anti-corrosion "one off three injections" measures to alleviate the corrosion problem, but the corrosion leakage of the top heat exchanger is still serious.
  • the top heat exchangers are mostly ordinary heat exchangers.
  • the material grade has been improved due to the anti-corrosion requirements, many of them still cannot run for a long period of time.
  • the tube bundles are easy to corrode and leak, and some of them use welded plate heat exchangers.
  • the self-resistance is poor, and the circulation channel is small, which is prone to channel blockage and leakage.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas heat exchange device capable of effectively avoiding clogging of a heat exchanger according to the current state of the art, thereby achieving the purpose of avoiding equipment corrosion, prolonging operation cycle, and reducing operating cost.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas heat exchange method capable of effectively preventing heat exchanger clogging in view of the current state of the art.
  • the atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas heat exchange device comprises a heat exchanger
  • the heat exchanger comprises a casing, an upper tube plate and a lower tube plate in the casing, and a support a heat exchange tube on the upper and lower tube sheets
  • an inlet connection of each of the heat exchange tubes is disposed at a tube inlet inlet at a bottom of the housing
  • an outlet connection of each of the heat exchange tubes is disposed at a top of the housing a pipe outlet
  • the pipe outlet and the inlet are used for connecting the crude oil, and at the upper part of the casing, a shell-side inlet for connecting the atmospheric oil and gas pipeline at the top of the atmospheric pressure is provided, and the shell-side outlet is disposed at a lower portion of the casing , which is characterized by:
  • the upper part of the casing is further provided with a water injection coil connected to the external water injection pipeline, and the water injection coil is provided with a plurality of water holes communicating with the inside of the casing; the atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas pipeline passes the first water injection
  • the pipeline and the third water injection pipeline are connected to the external water injection pipeline; the first water injection pipeline and the third water injection pipeline are respectively provided with a first electromagnetic valve and a second electromagnetic valve; and the water injection coil is connected to the outside through the second water injection pipeline Water injection line.
  • a water injection port is provided on the casing, and the external water injection line and the water injection coil are connected through the water injection port.
  • the water injection coil is located below the upper tube sheet and adjacent to the upper tube sheet.
  • a heat exchange tube located between the upper tube sheet and the lower tube sheet is coiled along a central axis of the housing.
  • the top of the casing is further provided with an exhaust port communicating with the inside of the casing for exhausting the top gas in the casing during maintenance; the bottom of the casing is provided with a liquid at the bottom of the casing for maintenance The drain port.
  • Each of the heat exchange tubes is a pure titanium heat exchange tube.
  • the crude oil enters the heat exchange tube of the heat exchanger, and the oil at the top of the atmospheric pressure is mixed into the first water injection and enters the shell of the heat exchanger, and after the heat exchange with the crude oil, the heat exchanger is discharged to the downstream; wherein the crude oil
  • the ratio of the flow rate of the oil and gas at the top of the atmospheric pressure is 4 to 5:1, the first water injection amount is 2 to 3% of the oil and gas flow at the top of the atmospheric pressure tower; and the temperature of the oil and gas at the top of the atmospheric pressure is 120 to 150 °C, the pressure is 0.10-0.15MPaG, the temperature of the first water injection is 30-50 ° C, the pressure is 2.0-2.5 MPaG, and the temperature of the shell-side outlet after heat exchange is 80-85 ° C;
  • the second water injection continuously enters the water injection coil 6 and is sprayed from the water holes 61 into the casing; the flow ratio of the second water injection to the first water injection is 3 to 4:1 , the temperature of the second water injection is 30-50 ° C;
  • the third water injection intermittently enters the atmospheric pressure overhead oil and gas pipeline 2, and enters the shell side from the shell inlet; the flow ratio of the third water injection to the first water injection is 8-12:1, and the temperature of the third water injection is 30-50 ° C, water injection duration is 25-35 min, water injection cycle is 80-100 min.
  • the atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas heat exchange device and the heat exchange method provided by the invention effectively improve the heat exchange efficiency and the anti-scaling performance by distributing water to the oil and gas pipeline and flushing the shell through the water injection coil. It is resistant to HCl-H 2 SH 2 O corrosion and corrosion under scale; it avoids stubborn phenomena such as corrosion of ammonium salt and ferrous sulfide blockage, and solves the problem of corrosion and leakage of Changding oil/oil heat exchanger due to corrosion.
  • the problems such as frequent plugging and even replacement of equipment caused by blockage and other factors, and small pressure drop and stable operation greatly improve the safe operation cycle of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a view taken along line A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a B-direction view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of Figure 1.
  • the atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas heat exchange device includes:
  • the heat exchanger 1 includes a casing 11 , and a top portion of the casing 11 is provided with a pipe outlet 18 communicating with each heat exchange tube 5 and a water injection port 15 communicating with the second water injection line 32, and is connected to the casing.
  • the exhaust port 10 of the heat exchanger is provided with a shell-side inlet 12 on the side wall of the upper head of the heat exchanger; the bottom of the casing 11 is spaced apart from the tube inlet 13 communicating with each heat exchange tube 5, and is connected to the inside of the casing.
  • the shell side outlet 14 and the liquid discharge port 19 are opened.
  • An upper tube sheet 16 and a lower tube sheet 17 are also provided in the housing 11.
  • each heat exchange tube there are a plurality of heat exchange tubes 5, all of which are pure titanium heat exchange tubes to ensure the corrosion resistance of the heat exchange tubes.
  • the upper and lower ends of each heat exchange tube are respectively fixed on the upper and lower tube sheets, and the portions of the heat exchange tubes between the upper tube sheet 16 and the lower tube sheet 17 are spirally wound along the central axis of the housing 11 to Improve heat transfer efficiency.
  • the water injection coil 6 is disposed in the casing 11 and is located below the upper tube sheet 16; the water injection coil 6 has a plurality of water holes 61 communicating with the inside of the casing.
  • the inlet of the water injection coil 6 is connected to the second water injection line 32 through the water injection port 15.
  • the shell inlet 12 is connected to the atmospheric oil line 2 at the top of the atmospheric pressure, and the first water injection line 31 and the third water injection line 33 are connected to the oil and gas pipeline 2 at the top of the atmospheric pressure.
  • the first water injection line 31 and the third water injection line 33 are connected to the external water injection.
  • Line 3; and a first solenoid valve 34 and a second solenoid valve 35 are provided on the first water injection line 31 and the third water injection line 33, respectively.
  • the first water injection line 31 replenishes the water in the atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas pipeline 2, and the electromagnetic valve is used to adjust the water flow rate; the third water injection pipeline is used to intermittently inject water into the atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas pipeline 2, so as to facilitate the large flow flushing of the shell side.
  • the first water injection line 31 and the third water injection line 33 are both connected to the external water injection line 3, and the first water injection line 31 and the third water injection line 33 are provided with electromagnetic valves, and the two electromagnetic valves are connected to the control system (not shown) Out), the control system controls the opening and closing of the two solenoid valves and the valve opening degree, thereby controlling the water injection of each water injection line.
  • the heat exchange method using the above-mentioned atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas heat exchange device includes the following steps;
  • the crude oil enters the heat exchange tubes from the inlet of the pipe through the crude oil pipeline 7.
  • the oil and gas from the atmospheric pressure tower of the atmospheric pressure tower 8 is mixed into the first water injection and enters the shell of the heat exchanger from the shell inlet, and exchanges heat with the crude oil.
  • the atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas flow is 43860kg/h, the temperature is 125°C, the pressure is 0.11MPaG, the heat exchange outlet temperature is 82°C; the first water injection volume is 1000kg/h, the temperature is 40°C; The crude oil flow rate is 192,400 kg/h, the inlet temperature is 32 ° C, the pressure is 2.1 MPaG, and the outlet temperature after heat exchange is 72 ° C.
  • the second water injection continuously enters the water injection coil 6 and is sprayed from the water holes 61 into the casing; the water for controlling the second water injection is 3000-4000 kg/h, and the temperature is 40 ° C;
  • the third water injection intermittently enters the atmospheric pressure tower top oil and gas pipeline 2, and the third water injection amount is controlled to be 10000 kg/h.
  • the temperature is 40 ° C
  • the water injection duration is 30 min
  • the water injection period is 90 min.
  • the flow rate and working time of the first and third water injections are controlled by two corresponding solenoid valves.
  • the medium in the equipment should be drained, and the exhaust port 10 should be opened to discharge the Changding oil and gas collected in the upper part of the casing. After the device is cut out, it is cleaned, the cleaning liquid is injected from the exhaust port 10, and the liquid discharge port 19 discharges the cleaning liquid.
  • the service life of the conventional general top heat exchanger is about 1 to 2 years. After the corrosion leaks, the tube bundle needs to be replaced or replaced as a whole;
  • the heat exchange device and the heat exchange method of the invention impart good corrosion resistance and anti-fouling performance to the apparatus body, and no problem of fouling blockage and corrosion leakage occur within 8 years of two operating cycles, thereby saving a large amount of equipment replacement and maintenance costs. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

一种常压塔顶油气换热装置及换热方法，换热装置包括换热器壳体(11)、上管板(16)、下管板(17)和换热管(5)，壳体(11)底部设有管程入口(13)，壳体(11)顶部设有管程出口(18)；壳体(11)的上部设有连接常压塔顶油气管线(2)的壳程入口(12)，壳体(11)的下部设有壳程出口(14)，壳体(11)内的上部还设有注水盘管(6)，注水盘管(6)上设有多个连通壳体(11)内部的水孔(61)；常压塔顶油气管线(2)通过第一注水管线(31)和第三注水管线(33)连接外界注水管线(3)；第一注水管线(31)和第三注水管线(33)上分别设有第一电磁阀(34)和第二电磁阀(35)，注水盘管(6)通过第二注水管线(32)联接外界注水管线(3)。该换热装置中，第一股和第二股注水以一定的比例连续注入到壳程中，第三股注水间歇大流量注入到壳程内，冲刷壳程内的陈垢，避免了换热器的堵塞和腐蚀。

Description

常压塔顶油气换热装置及换热方法 技术领域
本发明涉及到化工设备及化工工艺，具体指一种常压塔顶油气换热装置及换热方法。
背景技术
常减压装置作为原油加工的第一道工序，根据各组分沸点不同，利用蒸馏将原油切割成石脑油、航煤、柴油、煤油和减压渣油等馏分，其蒸馏技术水平、装置平稳高效运行直接关系到后续装置的产值和经济效益。目前，世界原油的品质总体下降，全球轻质原油产量下降；含硫量持续上升；油酸性加重；开采难度提高使得加工原油中有大量含Cl助剂。因此常减压装置在加工高硫原油时，由于常顶油气侧气量大，气速高，出现铵盐结晶垢下腐蚀、HCl-H2S-H2O腐蚀、冲刷与硫化亚铁堵塞等现象，使得常顶换热器泄漏或堵塞频繁，严重影响到常减压装置的长周期运行，且易造成下游装置原料污染，影响下游二次加工装置的正常运行，造成严重的经济损失。装置建设一般采用材料升级和加强工艺防腐“一脱三注”措施来缓解腐蚀问题，但常顶换热器发生腐蚀泄漏仍然较为严重。常顶换热器多为普通换热器，虽因防腐需要已提高材料等级，但较多仍无法长周期运行，管束易腐蚀泄漏，部分采用焊接板式换热器，虽升级材质，但由于其自身抗波动性较差，且流通通道较小，易发生通道阻塞和泄漏。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的现状提供一种能够有效避免换热器堵塞的常压塔顶油气换热装置，从而达到避免设备腐蚀、延长运行周期、降低运行成本的目的。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是针对现有技术的现状提供一种能够有效避免换热器堵塞的常压塔顶油气换热方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为：该常压塔顶油气换热装置，包括换热器，所述换热器包括壳体、位于壳体内的上管板和下管板以及支撑在上、下管板上的换热管，各所述换热管的入口连接设置在所述壳体底部的管程入口，各所述换热管的出口连接设置在所述壳体顶部的管程出口；所述管程出、入口用于连接原油，同时在所述壳体的上部设有用于连接常压塔顶油气管线的壳程入口，壳程出口设置在所述壳体的下部，其特征在于：
所述壳体内的上部还设有与外界注水管线相连接的注水盘管，所述注水盘管上设有多个连通壳体内部的水孔；所述常压塔顶油气管线通过第一注水管线和第三注水管线连接所述外界注水管线；所述第一注水管线和第三注水管线上分别设有第一电磁阀和第二电磁阀；所述注水盘管通过第二注水管线联接外界注水管线。
较好的，可以在所述壳体上设有注水口，所述外界注水管线和所述注水盘管通过所述注水口相连通。
所述注水盘管位于所述上管板的下方并靠近所述上管板。
位于所述上管板和下管板之间的换热管沿所述壳体的中心轴线盘绕设置。
所述壳体的顶部还设有与所述壳体内部相连通的用于检修时排净壳体内顶部气体的排气口；所述壳体的底部设有用于检修时排净壳体内底部液体的排液口。
各所述换热管为纯钛换热管。
使用上述各方案中的常压塔顶油气换热装置的换热方法，其特征在于包括下述步骤：
原油进入所述换热器的换热管，常压塔顶油气混入第一股注水后进入所述换热器的壳体内，与原油换热后排出换热器进入下游；其中，所述原油与所述常压塔顶油气的流量比为4～5∶1，所述第一股注水量为常压塔顶油气流量的2～3％；所述常压塔顶油气的温度120～150℃、压力为0.10～0.15MPaG，所述第一股注水的温度30-50℃，压力2.0-2.5MPaG，换热后壳程出口的温度为80-85℃；
第二股注水连续进入所述注水盘管6，从各所述水孔61喷淋到所述壳体内；所述第二股注水的流量与第一股注水的流量比为3～4∶1，第二股注水的温度30-50℃；
第三股注水间歇进入常压塔顶油气管线2，从壳程入口进入壳程；所述第三股注水与第一股注水的流量比为8-12∶1，第三股注水的温度为30-50℃，注水持续时间为25-35min，注水周期为80-100min。
与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的常压塔顶油气换热装置及换热方法通过在向油气管线配水及通过注水盘管冲刷壳体，有效提高了换热效率，抗垢性能好，抗HCl-H2S-H2O腐蚀及垢下腐蚀能力强；避免了铵盐结晶垢下腐蚀、硫化亚铁堵塞等顽固现象，解决了常顶油气/原油换热器因易腐蚀泄漏、通道堵塞等因素所导致的频繁的堵漏甚至更换设备等问题，且压降小、运行稳定，大大提高了装置的安全运行周期。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中换热器的平面示意图；
图2为本发明实施例的工艺流程图；
图3为图1中的A向视图；
图4为图1中的B向视图；
图5为图1的纵向剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
如图1至图5所示，常压塔顶油气换热装置包括：
换热器1，其包括壳体11，壳体11的顶部间隔设有与各换热管5相连通的管程出口18、与第二注水管线32相连通的注水口15，与壳体内相连通的排气口10，换热器上封头的侧壁上设有壳程入口12；壳体11的底部间隔设有与各换热管5相连通的管程入口13、与壳体内相连通的壳程出口14和排液口19。
壳体11内还设有上管板16和下管板17。
换热管5，有多根，均为纯钛换热管，以保证换热管的防腐性能。各换热管的上、下两端分别固定在上、下管板上，各换热管位于上管板16和下管板17之间的部分沿壳体11的中心轴线螺旋盘绕设置，以提高换热效率。
注水盘管6，设置在壳体11内并紧靠上管板16位于其下方；注水盘管6的管壁上均布有多个与壳体内相连通的水孔61。注水盘管6的入口通过注水口15连接第二注水管线32。
壳程入口12连接常压塔顶油气管线2，常压塔顶油气管线2上连接有第一注水管线31和第三注水管线33，第一注水管线31和第三注水管线33均连接外界注水管线3；并且第一注水管线31和第三注水管线33上分别设有第一电磁阀34和第二电磁阀35。
通过第一注水管线31向常压塔顶油气管线2内补水，电磁阀用于调节水流量；第三注水管线用于向常压塔顶油气管线2间歇注水，以便于大流量冲洗壳程。
第一注水管线31和第三注水管线33均连接外界注水管线3，并且第一注水管线31和第三注水管线33上均设有电磁阀，两个电磁阀均连接控制系统(图中未示出)，通过控制系统控制两个电磁阀的通、断及阀门开度，从而控制各注水管线的注水。
使用上述常压塔顶油气换热装置的换热方法，包括下述步骤；
原油通过原油管线7进入从管程入口进入各换热管内，来自常压塔8的常压塔顶油气混入第一股注水后从壳程入口进入换热器的壳体内，与原油换热后从壳程出口排出，进入下游；常压塔顶油气流量43860kg/h，温度125℃，压力为0.11MPaG，换热后出口温度82℃；第一股注水量为1000kg/h，温度40℃；原油流量192400kg/h，入口温度32℃，压力2.1MPaG，换热后出口温度72℃。
第二股注水连续进入注水盘管6，从各水孔61喷淋到壳体内；控制第二股注水的水量在3000～4000kg/h，温度40℃；
第三股注水间歇进入常压塔顶油气管线2，控制所述第三股注水量为10000kg/h， 温度40℃，注水持续时间为30min，注水周期为90min。第一股注水和第三股注水的流量及工作时间由两个对应的电磁阀控制。
停工检修时，需将设备内介质排净，打开排气口10排出聚集于壳体上部的常顶油气。设备切出后清洗，从排气口10注入清洗液，排液口19排出清洗液。
现有普通常顶换热器的使用寿命在1～2年左右，腐蚀泄漏后需整体更换或更换管束；因通道堵塞需经常清洗。本发明的换热装置及换热方法赋予设备本体良好的耐腐蚀、抗结垢性能，在两个运行周期8年内没有发生结垢堵塞、腐蚀泄漏的问题，节省了大量设备更换及检修维护费用。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种常压塔顶油气换热装置，包括换热器(1)，所述换热器包括壳体(11)、位于壳体(11)内的上管板(16)和下管板(17)以及支撑在上、下管板上的换热管(5)，各所述换热管(5)的入口连接设置在所述壳体底部的管程入口(13)，各所述换热管(5)的出口连接设置在所述壳体顶部的管程出口(18)；所述管程出、入口用于连接原油，同时在壳体(11)的上部设有用于连接常压塔顶油气管线(2)的壳程入口，壳程出口设置在所述壳体的下部，其特征在于：所述壳体(11)内的上部还设有与外界注水管线(3)相连接的注水盘管(6)，所述注水盘管(6)上设有多个连通壳体内部的水孔(61)；所述常压塔顶油气管线(2)通过第一注水管线(31)和第三注水管线(33)连接所述外界注水管线(3)；所述第一注水管线(31)和第三注水管线(33)上分别设有第一电磁阀(34)和第二电磁阀(35)；所述注水盘管(6)通过第二注水管线(32)联接外界注水管线(3)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的常压塔顶油气换热装置，其特征在于所述壳体(11)上设有注水口(15)，所述外界注水管线(3)和所述注水盘管(6)通过所述注水口(15)相连通。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的常压塔顶油气换热装置，其特征在于所述注水盘管(4)位于所述上管板(16)的下方并靠近所述上管板(16)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的常压塔顶油气换热装置，其特征在于位于所述上管板(16)和下管板(17)之间的换热管(5)沿所述壳体(11)的中心轴线盘绕设置。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的常压塔顶油气换热装置，其特征在于所述壳体(11)的顶部还设有与所述壳体内部相连通的用于检修时排净壳体内顶部气体的排气口(10)；所述壳体(11)的底部设有用于检修时排净壳体内底部液体的排液口(19)。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的常压塔顶油气换热装置，其特征在于各所述换热管为纯钛换热管。
  7. 使用如权利要求1至6任一权利要求所述的常压塔顶油气换热装置的换热方法，其特征在于包括下述步骤：
    原油进入所述换热器的换热管，常压塔顶油气混入第一股注水后进入所述换热器的壳体内，与原油换热后排出换热器进入下游；其中，所述原油与所述常压塔顶油气的流量比为4～5∶1，所述第一股注水量为常压塔顶油气流量的2～3％；所述常压塔顶油气的温度120～150℃、压力为0.10～0.15MPaG，所述第一股注水的温度30-50℃，压力2.0-2.5MPaG，换热后壳程出口的温度为80-85℃；
    第二股注水连续进入所述注水盘管(6)，从各所述水孔(61)喷淋到所述壳体内；所述第二股注水的流量与第一股注水的流量比为3～4∶1，第二股注水的温度30-50℃；
    第三股注水间歇进入常压塔顶油气管线2，从壳程入口进入壳程；所述第三股注水与第一股注水的流量比为8-12∶1，第三股注水的温度为30-50℃，注水持续时间为25-35min，注水周期为80-100min。
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