WO2017014296A1 - ワクシニアウイルスの増殖・伝搬を増強する宿主制御因子 - Google Patents
ワクシニアウイルスの増殖・伝搬を増強する宿主制御因子 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a host regulator that enhances the growth and propagation of vaccinia virus for cancer virus treatment using vaccinia virus.
- viruses for cancer treatment In recent years, various techniques for cancer virus treatment using viruses for cancer treatment have been developed. In addition to adenoviruses and retroviruses, there are vaccinia viruses as viruses used for such treatment.
- vaccinia virus has been used as a multivalent vaccine for infectious diseases (HIV and SARS) as an expression vector introduced with a foreign gene because of its wide host range and high expression efficiency.
- Patent Document 1 a technique for use in cancer treatment utilizing the solubility of vaccinia virus in cancer cells has also been reported (see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
- UCA1 has been reported as a gene involved in tumor formation and embryogenesis (see Non-Patent Document 1 to Non-Patent Document 4).
- UCA1 (Urothelial cancer associated 1) gene is a long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that does not encode a protein, and has been reported to be used as a marker for bladder cancer and the like.
- the present invention is directed to the use of the UCA1 gene, which is a host regulator that enhances the growth and propagation of vaccinia virus, for effective cancer virus treatment with vaccinia virus.
- the present inventor examined the relationship between anticancer drug resistance and vaccinia virus growth in KF cells, which are ovarian cancer cell lines, and has high anticancer drug resistance, intermediate anticancer drug resistance, and cells that do not have anticancer drug resistance , The high resistance to anticancer agents was found to correlate with the degree of vaccinia virus growth.
- the present inventor identified the UCA1 gene, which is a long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gene, as a factor that controls the growth of vaccinia virus in cancer cells by comprehensive gene analysis using microarrays did.
- lncRNA long-noncoding RNA
- the inventor can predict and evaluate the cancer virus therapeutic effect of vaccinia virus based on the expression level of the UCA1 gene in cancer cells of cancer patients, and by expressing the UCA1 gene in cancer cells, It has been found that the cancer virus therapeutic effect of vaccinia virus in the cancer cells can be enhanced, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [1] The expression of UCA1 gene in cancer cells of cancer patients is measured, and when UCA1 gene is expressed, the cancer treatment effect by vaccinia virus is predicted in the patient, the cancer treatment effect by vaccinia virus is predicted How to evaluate.
- [2] The method of [1], wherein the vaccinia virus is an oncolytic vaccinia virus.
- [3] The method according to [1] or [2], wherein the vaccinia virus is an LC16 strain, an LC16mO strain, or an LC16m8 strain modified to express a B5R gene.
- [4] The method according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the expression of UCA1 gene is measured by RT-PCR.
- [5] A vaccinia virus into which the UCA1 gene has been introduced so that it can be expressed.
- a pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer comprising the vaccinia virus according to any one of [5] to [8].
- a pharmaceutical composition kit for treating cancer comprising a combination of an expression vector into which UCA1 gene is introduced so that it can be expressed, and vaccinia virus.
- the UCA1 gene acts as a host regulator that enhances the growth and propagation of vaccinia virus in cancer cells. That is, when the expression level of the UCA1 gene in cancer cells is high, the growth and propagation of vaccinia virus in the cancer cells is enhanced. Therefore, using the expression level of the UCA1 gene in cancer cells collected from cancer patients as an index, the cancer virus therapeutic effect of vaccinia virus in the cancer patients can be predicted and evaluated.
- the therapeutic effect of cancer virus by vaccinia virus can be promoted by artificially expressing the UCA1 gene in the cancer cells or cancer tissues of the patient.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows the structure of vaccinia virus
- FIG. 2 (b) shows anti-cancer drug resistance of KFtx, LowTx and Low.
- FIG. 2 (b) shows anti-cancer drug resistance of KFtx, LowTx and Low.
- FIG. 2 (b) shows the result of the comprehensive analysis of the gene expression by the microarray performed among three persons, KFtx, Low, and LowTx.
- FIG. 16 (a) was performed under the condition of 10% FBS, and FIG. 16 (b) was performed under the condition of 0.5% FBS. It is a figure which shows the change of pERK / tERK by EGF stimulation. It is a figure which shows the viral infection image in various ovarian cancer.
- the UCA1 (Urothelial cancer associated 1) gene is a long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) gene that does not encode a protein.
- UCA1 gene There are many variants of the UCA1 gene.
- a sequence of 2314 bp (GenBank accession number: NR — 015379.3) is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1
- a sequence of 1409 bp (GenBank accession number: HQ833208.1) is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- UCA1 is used as a host regulator that enhances the growth and propagation of vaccinia virus.
- vaccinia virus when used for cancer virus treatment, it evaluates whether vaccinia virus is effective with the expression of UCA1 gene in cancer cells of patients as an index, and conducts tests to predict and evaluate And obtain auxiliary data for prediction. Evaluation and prediction are also called determination.
- the cancer treatment effect of vaccinia virus can be promoted by expressing the UCA1 gene in cancer cells.
- lncRNA UCA1 which is a transcription product of UCA1 gene is present in cancer cells
- lncRNA UCA1 enhances the growth and propagation of vaccinia virus in cancer cells.
- ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- the strain of the vaccinia virus of the present invention is not limited, but Lister strain, LC16 strain established from Lister strain, LC16mO strain, LC16m8 strain (Hashizume So, Clinical and Viruses vol.3,3No.3, 269, 1975 Etc.), NYBH strains, Wyeth strains, Copenhagen strains and the like.
- the LC16mO strain was produced from the Lister strain via the LC16 strain, and the LC16m8 strain was further produced from the LC16mO strain (Protein Nucleic Acid Enzyme Vol.48 No.12 (2003), p.1693- 1700).
- an oncolytic vaccinia virus that is a vaccinia virus that grows only in cancer cells is preferred.
- Oncolytic vaccinia virus does not act on normal cells, but can only grow and lyse cancer cells and kill cancer cells effectively.
- Oncolytic vaccinia virus is also called restricted growth vaccinia virus.
- the vaccinia virus used in the present invention is preferably attenuated and non-pathogenic.
- attenuated strains include strains that are partially or completely deleted from the B5R gene.
- the B5R gene encodes a protein present in the envelope of vaccinia virus, and the B5R gene product is involved in virus infection and propagation.
- the B5R gene product is present on the surface of infected cells and the envelope of the virus. When the virus infects and spreads to neighboring cells or other parts of the host, it increases the efficiency of infection. Also involved in the region. Deletion of the B5R gene results in a smaller plaque size and a smaller pock size when infected with animal cells.
- the gene product of the B5R gene does not have its normal function, has low skin growth, and does not cause side effects even when administered to humans.
- the attenuated strain lacking the B5R gene include the m8 ⁇ strain (also referred to as the LC16m8 ⁇ strain) established by completely deleting the B5R gene from the LC16m8 strain described above.
- an mO ⁇ strain established by completely deleting the B5R gene from the LC16mO strain also referred to as an LCmO ⁇ strain
- Attenuated vaccinia virus strains partially or completely deleted of these B5R genes are described in International Publication No. WO2005 / 054451, and can be obtained based on the description. Whether vaccinia virus partially or completely lacks the B5R gene and lacks the function of the B5R protein, for example, plaque size, pocket size, Vero cells formed when RK13 cells are infected Indices can be determined based on the virus growth in, and skin pathogenicity in rabbits. In addition, the gene sequence of vaccinia virus may be examined.
- the vaccinia virus used in the present invention causes the B5R gene to be expressed in cancer cells and causes cancer cell injury by the action of the B5R protein. Therefore, it is desirable that the vaccinia virus used in the present invention express the complete B5R gene.
- a complete B5R gene is introduced again into the vaccinia virus lacking the B5R gene.
- the B5R gene may be inserted into the vaccinia virus genome.
- the B5R gene can be inserted into the vaccinia virus by any method, for example, by a known homologous recombination method.
- the position where the B5R gene is inserted may be between the B4R gene and the B6R gene where the B5R gene originally existed, or may be an arbitrary site in the vaccinia virus genome.
- the B5R gene may be constructed in advance as a DNA construct and introduced into vaccinia virus.
- Homologous recombination is a phenomenon in which two DNA molecules recombine with each other through the same base sequence in a cell. This method is often used for recombination of viruses with large genomic DNA such as vaccinia virus. is there.
- a replacement occurs between the viral DNA that becomes naked during the viral replication process and the same sequence portion on the transfer vector, and the sandwiched B5R gene is integrated into the viral genome.
- the cells used at this time include BSC-1 cells, HTK-143 cells, Hep2 cells, MDCK cells, Vero cells, HeLa cells, CV1 cells, COS cells, RK13 cells, BHK-21 cells, primary rabbit kidney cells, etc., vaccinia Cells that can be infected by viruses can be used.
- the vector may be introduced into cells by a known method such as a calcium phosphate method, a cationic ribosome method, or an electroporation method.
- vaccinia virus genetically modified for use in cancer virus treatment can be used.
- vaccinia virus or vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF) and O1L described in International Publication No. WO2011 / 125469 which is a vaccinia virus containing a target sequence of microRNA whose expression is reduced in cancer cells
- VVF vaccinia virus growth factor
- a vaccinia virus described in International Publication No. W02015 / 076422 which is a vaccinia virus deficient in function can be mentioned.
- UCA1 gene by measuring lncRNA UCA1 in the sample. It can be measured using nucleotides containing all or part of the base sequence of the UCA1 gene as a probe or primer. The measurement can be performed by a quantitative PCR method using lncRNA UCA1 or a fragment thereof or UCA1 cDNA or a fragment thereof as a target. Further, it can be measured by a method using a microarray (microchip), a Northern blot method or the like. Preferably, it may be measured by a quantitative PCR method.
- the quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) method includes quantitative RT-PCR method, real-time PCR method, Taqman (registered trademark) probe method, SYBRSYGreen method, agarose gel electrophoresis method, fluorescent probe method, ATAC-PCR method (Kato, K. et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 25, 4694-4696, 1997), Body Map method (Gene, 174, 151-158 (1996)), Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method (US Patent No. 527,154) 544,861, European Patent Publication No. 0761822), MAGE method (Micro-analysis of Gene Expression) (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-232888), and the like.
- the TaqMan (registered trademark) probe method is preferable.
- the PCR method can be performed by a known method.
- the base length of the primer used is 5 to 50, preferably 10 to 30, and more preferably 15 to 25.
- a forward primer and a reverse primer may be designed and used based on the base sequence of the UCA1 gene.
- a microarray can be prepared by immobilizing nucleotides comprising the nucleotide sequence of the UCA1 gene or nucleotides containing a partial sequence thereof on an appropriate substrate.
- the fixed substrate examples include a glass plate, a quartz plate, and a silicon wafer.
- Immobilization of nucleotides or fragments thereof on an immobilization substrate can be accomplished by electrostatic binding to a solid support surface-treated with a polycation such as polylysine, polyethyleneimine, polyalkylamine, etc. It can be carried out by a method of covalently bonding a nucleotide introduced with a functional group such as amino group, aldehyde group, SH group, or biotin to a fixed substrate into which a functional group such as an aldehyde group, an epoxy group or the like is introduced. Immobilization may be performed using an array machine or a spotter.
- lncRNA UCA1 or cDNA or a fragment thereof is immobilized on a substrate to produce a microarray.
- the microarray is contacted with RNA or cDNA derived from cancer cells of a cancer patient labeled with a fluorescent substance, hybridized, and the fluorescence intensity on the microarray Can be used to measure the expression of the UCA1 gene.
- the fluorescent substance for labeling cancer cell-derived RNA is not limited, and a commercially available fluorescent substance can be used. Examples thereof include Cy3 and Cy5.
- the method using a microarray can be measured by using a nucleotide probe that hybridizes to lncRNA UCA1.
- the base length of the probe used for measurement is 10 to 50 bp, preferably 15 to 25 bp.
- the UCA1 gene is expressed in cancer cells of a cancer patient, it can be determined that vaccinia virus can be effectively used for cancer treatment of the patient.
- the degree of vaccinia virus effect can also be predicted and evaluated based on the expression level of the UCA1 gene.
- Cancer cells with higher anticancer drug tolerance have higher UCA1 gene expression levels and enhanced vaccinia virus growth, especially for patients who may continue to receive anticancer drugs and cancer cells may have acquired anticancer drug resistance It is.
- the expression of the UCA1 gene when the expression of the UCA1 gene is detected, it can be evaluated that the cancer patient has a cancer virus therapeutic effect by the vaccinia virus and the vaccinia virus can be used for the cancer virus treatment.
- the present invention also includes an invention relating to the use of the UCA1 gene for promoting the cancer therapeutic effect of vaccinia virus in cancer cells when cancer virus treatment is performed using vaccinia virus.
- UCA1 gene has been reported to be involved in anticancer drug resistance of cancer cells, and lncRNA UCA1 enhances the ability of vaccinia virus to grow in cancer cells with high resistance to anticancer drugs such as paclitaxel (PTx) .
- PTx paclitaxel
- Treatment with vaccinia virus may be performed in a state where lncRNA UCA1 is present in the cancer cells of the patient undergoing cancer treatment.
- lncRNA UCA1 may be administered to cancer cells, or UCA1 gene may be administered to cancer cells, and lncRNA UCA1 may be expressed in cancer cells.
- Expression of the UCA1 gene in cancer cells can be performed using an expression vector containing the UCA1 gene. That is, an expression vector containing a UCA1 gene may be introduced into a cancer cell of a cancer patient so that the expression vector can be expressed, and the UCA1 gene is expressed in the cancer cell.
- Methods for introducing genes into cancer patients include methods using viral vectors and methods using non-viral vectors such as plasmids. About these methods, separate experiment medicine, basic technology of gene therapy, Yodosha, 1996; separate experiment medicine, gene transfer & expression analysis experiment method, Yodosha, 1997; edited by Japanese Society of Gene Therapy, gene therapy development research Handbook, NTS, 1999, Walter J. Burdette, Basic knowledge of gene therapy to be known, Takara Bio, 2004;
- Examples of viral vectors for introducing the UCA1 gene include adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), retrovirus, lentivirus, vaccinia virus, Sendai virus, and other virus vectors. Introduce the target gene into a DNA virus or RNA virus such as detoxified retrovirus, herpesvirus, poxvirus, poliovirus, symbis virus, sendai virus, SV40, immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and It is possible to introduce the UCA1 gene into cells by infecting with a replacement virus.
- AAV adeno-associated virus
- retrovirus adeno-associated virus
- retrovirus lentivirus
- vaccinia virus Sendai virus
- Sendai virus Sendai virus
- a viral vector introduced with the UCA1 gene can infect cells via a specific receptor.
- the UCA1 gene can be introduced into a target cell or tissue using a recombinant expression vector in which a gene expression vector such as a plasmid is incorporated without using the above virus.
- the UCA1 gene can be introduced into cells using techniques such as the phosphate-calcium coprecipitation method, the lipofection method, the DEAE-dextran method, and the direct injection method of DNA using a micro glass tube.
- liposomes such as gene transfer method using internal liposome (internal ⁇ ⁇ liposome), gene transfer method using electrostatic liposome (electorostatic type liposome), HVJ-liposome method, and improved HVJ-liposome method (HVJ-AVE liposome method)
- Method method using HVJ-E (envelope) vector, receptor-mediated gene introduction method, naked-DNA direct introduction method, method of introducing DNA into cells together with metal particles using a particle gun, introduction method using various polymers Etc.
- any expression vector can be used as long as it can express the UCA1 gene in vivo.
- expression vectors such as pCMV6, pBK-CMV, pcDNA3.1, pZeoSV (Invitrogen, Stratagene), pCAGGS (Gene 108, 193-200 (1991)), pVAX1 and the like can be used.
- the expression vector containing the UCA1 gene may contain a promoter, enhancer, poly A signal, marker gene and the like.
- a known promoter can be used as the promoter.
- lncRNA UCA1 is expressed in cancer cells of cancer patients before cancer treatment with vaccinia virus.
- the UCA1 gene may be introduced into a vaccinia virus used for cancer treatment so that the vaccinia virus for cancer treatment itself expresses the UCA1 gene, and the vaccinia virus may be administered to cancer patients.
- vaccinia virus infects cancer cells, and lncRNA UCA1 is expressed in the cancer cells.
- vaccinia virus grows in the cancer cells and the cancer virus treatment effect of vaccinia virus is enhanced.
- the present invention includes a vaccinia virus into which a UCA1 gene has been incorporated and introduced so that it can be expressed, and a pharmaceutical composition for cancer treatment containing the vaccinia virus. Furthermore, it includes a pharmaceutical composition kit for treating cancer comprising a combination of an expression vector into which UCA1 gene has been incorporated and introduced so that it can be expressed, and vaccinia virus.
- Cancers targeted for cancer virus treatment by vaccinia virus are not limited, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, anal / rectal cancer, esophageal cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, Examples include all types of cancer such as prostate cancer, brain / nerve tumor, lymphoma / leukemia, bone / osteosarcoma, leiomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma.
- the pharmaceutical composition for cancer treatment containing the vaccinia virus of the present invention is in the form of a sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solution, suspension or emulsion containing a pharmaceutically effective amount of vaccinia virus as an active ingredient.
- it may contain pharmaceutically acceptable diluents such as salts, buffers, adjuvants, auxiliaries, carriers and the like.
- Administration may be by a parenteral route, for example, subcutaneous route, intravenous route, intradermal route, intramuscular route, intraperitoneal route, intranasal route, transdermal route.
- the effective dose can be determined as appropriate according to the age, sex, health, weight, etc. of the cancer patient. For example, without limitation, for human adults, about 10 2 to 10 10 plaque forming units (PFU), preferably 10 5 to 10 6 plaque forming units (PFU) may be administered per dose.
- PFU plaque forming units
- PFU plaque forming units
- KFtx (PTx-resistant KF) is resistant to PTx when cultured in RPMI and 10% FBS medium containing no anticancer drug PTx (paclitaxel). Performance decreases.
- the stock with reduced PTx resistance is set to Low.
- LowTx The strain whose PTx resistance has been recovered is referred to as LowTx (FIG. 1).
- culturing LowTx without PTx decreases the resistance, so it can be said that this resistance is reversible.
- a virus strain in which the genes encoding O1L and VGF, which are active factors in the Ras / Raf / MEK / ERK metabolic pathway of the vaccinia virus LC16mO strain, were replaced with luciferase, GFP, or DsRed was created.
- the HA gene that is not an activator of the Ras / Raf / MEK / ERK metabolic pathway is replaced with luciferase or GFP and deleted (FIG. 2 (a)).
- Example 2 Extraction of candidate gene UCA1 and creation of stable expression strain of UCA1
- Exhaustive analysis of gene expression by microarray was performed among the three KFtx, Low, and LowTx. Genes whose expression was enhanced in cell lines with high virus growth and anti-cancer drug resistance and whose expression was suppressed in cell lines with low virus growth and anti-cancer drug resistance were extracted as candidate genes.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of a comprehensive analysis of gene expression using a microarray.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of gene analysis of genes whose expression between KFtx, LowTx and Low is enhanced or suppressed.
- UCA1 extracted as a candidate gene is a long-non coding RNA and has been identified as an oncogene in various other cancer types such as ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, and gastric cancer.
- RNA was extracted from KFtx using NucleoSpinRNA (Takara Bio) according to the manual. From this RNA, cDNA was prepared by RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) using the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit according to the manual.
- the two primers 5'-ctggatcctgacattcttctggacaatgag-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 4) and 5'-ctgcggccgcatattagctttaatgtaggtggc-3' (SEQ ID NO: 5) add the BAMH1 and Not1 restriction enzyme sites to both ends. Amplified. The sequence of the UCA1 gene with BamH1 and Not1 restriction enzyme sites added to both ends is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the sequence from the 7th t to the 1414th c in the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 is the sequence of the UCA1 gene, and corresponds to the 1st to 1408th bases of SEQ ID NO: 1. However, the 797th a in SEQ ID NO: 1 is mutated to t.
- This PCR product was cleaved with BamH1 and Not1, and cloned into the same restriction enzyme site of pcDNA3.1 (+) to obtain pcDNA3.1 (+)-UCA1.
- pcDNA3.1 (+)-UCA1 and negative control pcDNA3.1 (+) were added to Fuwell and ProFection Mammalian Transfection System (Promega) (using calcium phosphate) on Low and LowTx seeded in 24 wells. Transfection was performed. LowTx transfected with the UCA1 gene with pcDNA3.1 (+)-UCA1 is called UCA1 LowTx, and Low transfected with the UCA1 gene with pcDNA3.1 (+)-UCA1 is called UCA1 Low. Moreover, LowTx transfected with pcDNA3.1 (+) not containing UCA1 is called Empty LowTx, and Low transfected with pcDNA3.1 (+) not containing UCA1 is called Empty Low.
- FIG. 4 shows the method of transfection of the UCA1 gene.
- QRT-PCR was performed to confirm the enhanced expression of UCA1 against this UCA1 stable expression strain.
- GAPDH (Life Technologies, Assay ID: Hs03929097_g1) was selected as a reference gene.
- the relative expression level of UCA1 was calculated using the comparative Ct method based on GAPDH.
- the expression of UCA1 equivalent to KFtx could be confirmed.
- the expression of UCA1 was not enhanced in the stable expression strain of pcDNA3.1 (+) as a negative control (FIG. 5).
- Example 3 Characteristics of UCA1 in KFtx series Paclitaxel resistance was compared in the KFtx series containing stable expression strains of UCA1.
- the KFtx series was seeded in 96 wells at 6 ⁇ 10 3 / well, and after 12 hours of incubation at 37 ° C., where cells were considered to have been engrafted on the plate, medium change was performed with RPMI containing PTx.
- the concentration of PTx was 0, 2, 5, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 nM.
- the number of viable cells was quantified by cell titer glo (Promega) and compared. As a result, it was found that only the low and empty low UCA1 expression significantly decreased the number of living cells (FIG. 6). This suggests that high expression of UCA1 is important for paclitaxel resistance.
- VGF + / O1L + cells that emit green fluorescence have a lot of KFtx, while they have a low Low.
- UCA1 Low and UCA1 LowTx which are stable expression strains of UCA1, showed a large number of cells emitting green fluorescence as much as KFtx.
- VGF- / O1L- the difference between cells in VGF- / O1L- is similar to VGF + / O1L +, and UCA1 Low and UCA1 LowTx emit green fluorescence as much as KFtx compared to Low, LowTx, Empty Low and Empty LowTx. Many cells were seen. From the above, it became clear that the expression of UCA1 and the ability of vaccinia virus to grow are positively correlated regardless of the type of vaccinia virus. In addition, titration was performed to examine in detail the relationship between high expression of UCA1 and the ability of vaccinia virus to grow.
- Example 4 Relevance of vaccinia virus proliferation ability and ERK activation controlled by high expression of UCA1 The enhancement of vaccinia virus proliferation ability by UCA1 was analyzed in detail. Since ERK activation has been reported to enhance the ability of vaccinia virus to grow, the relationship between ERK activation and high expression of UCA1 was compared. KFtx series was seeded in 96 wells at 6 ⁇ 10 3 / well, and after incubation at 37 ° C for 36 hr, total ERK and activated ERK (phosphorylated ERK) were measured by Pierce Colorimetric In-Cell ELISA Kits (Fig. 8).
- the ratio of phosphorylated ERK increased as the expression of UCA1 increased as the ratio of phosphorylated ERK was low in Low and Empty Low. That is, the ratio of phosphorylated ERK varied in proportion to the expression of UCA1. Furthermore, since ERK is involved in the ability of the virus to propagate and propagate, UCA1 regulates the growth of the virus by controlling the activation of ERK, that is, the high expression of UCA1 is not only the ability to propagate vaccinia virus, but also It was suggested to be involved in activation.
- ERK Upstream of ERK is its receptor, EGFR, and when EGF binds to EGFR, a signal is transmitted via the adapter molecule and low molecular weight G protein Ras through the MAPK pathway that phosphorylates Raf ⁇ MEK ⁇ ERK.
- the activated ERK finally moves to the nucleus, transcription factors are activated, and genes for cell proliferation and cell differentiation are expressed.
- the KFtx series was seeded in 96 wells at 6 ⁇ 10 3 / well, cultured at 37 ° C. for 12 hours (10% FBS RPMI), and then medium-changed to 10% FBS or 0.5% FBS RPMI.
- the reference gene used was GAPDH (Life Technologies, Assay ID: Hs03929097_g1).
- the relative expression level of UCA1 was calculated using the comparative Ct method based on GAPDH. As a result, a difference in the expression of UCA1 was shown between the cell lines. (FIG. 10).
- the cells were cultured at 37 ° C., and after 72 hours from the infection, fluorescence was observed with a Keyence fluorescence microscope BZ-X710 as it was living cells, and the fluorescence intensity was digitized.
- the infection image is shown in FIG. 12-1, and the results of fluorescence quantification are shown in FIG. 12-2.
- the fluorescence intensity was strong in UCA1 Low and UCA1 LowTx, and the expression level of UCA1 and the growth and propagation ability of the virus showed a positive correlation.
- the fluorescence intensity of GFP coincided with the image observed with a fluorescence microscope.
- each supernatant EEV released from infected cells
- infected cells IMV present in infected cells
- the IMV was obtained by removing the supernatant, peeling off the infected cells with Tryple Express, and freezing and thawing. After freezing and thawing, sonication was performed, and the supernatant after centrifugation (2,000 rpm, 5 minutes) was collected as a virus solution. (EEV has an outer membrane structure damaged by freezing and thawing. not going).
- the virus titer of each virus solution (1 ml) was measured in RK13 cells. The results are shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, the virus titers of EEV and IMV were both in agreement with the images observed with a fluorescence microscope (FIG. 12-1).
- EGF stimulation was performed at 0.2 ng / ⁇ l 30 min before infection. 72 hours after infection, fluorescence was observed with a Keyence fluorescence microscope BZ-X710 while still living cells, and the fluorescence intensity was digitized. The infection image is shown in FIG. 16-1 and the fluorescence quantification results are shown in FIG. 16-2 (FIG. 16-2A is the result of 10% FBS, and FIG. 16-2B is the result of 0.5% FBS). . As shown in FIGS. 16-1 and 16-2, the fluorescence intensity of GFP was not enhanced by the EGF stimulation. From this, it was not confirmed that the proliferation ability of vaccinia virus was enhanced by the activation of ERK in the KFtx series.
- FIG. 18-1 RMG-1 and SKOV3, which highly express UCA1, had strong fluorescence intensity and high ability to propagate and propagate viruses.
- SHIN3, OVCAR3, and ES2 with low expression of UCA1 had low fluorescence intensity and low ability to propagate and propagate viruses.
- the fluorescence intensity of GFP coincided with the image observed with the fluorescence microscope.
- FIG. 19-1 and the result of fluorescence quantification is shown in FIG. 19-2.
- RMG-1 and SKOV3, which highly express UCA1 had strong fluorescence intensity and high ability to propagate and propagate viruses.
- SHIN3, OVCAR3, and ES2 with low expression of UCA1 had low fluorescence intensity and low ability to propagate and propagate viruses.
- the fluorescence intensity of GFP coincided with the image observed with the fluorescence microscope.
- Example 9 Comparison of anticancer effects of paclitaxel and virus in peritoneal seeding model mice
- Low cells transfected with Renilla Luciferase (Rluc) for in vivo imaging against BALB / cAJcl-nu / nu (5 weeks old), or KFtx cells (1 ⁇ 10 7 ) were administered intraperitoneally.
- Rluc Renilla Luciferase
- KFtx cells (1 ⁇ 10 7 ) were administered intraperitoneally.
- a substrate of Rluc, tumor engraftment in the mouse was confirmed non-invasively with an in vivo imaging system (Berthold, NightDHADE LB985), and 31 (17 in the low group, Paclitaxel (Pfizer) was administered at 1 mg / ml / mouse to 14 mice in the KFtx group.
- Changes in tumor signal were detected by Rluc imaging 7 days after paclitaxel administration. Furthermore, 8 days after the administration of paclitaxel, VGF- / O1L- was administered at 1 ⁇ 10 6 pfu / 200 ⁇ l / mouse, and PBS was administered to the control group (8 in the Low-PBS group, 8 in the Low-Virus group). 9 animals, 7 animals in the KFtx-PBS group, 7 animals in the KFtx-Virus group).
- VGF- / O1L- expresses Firefly Luciferase (Fluc) in infected cells
- the intra-peritoneal administration of its substrate, luciferin allows the distribution of the virus in the mouse in vivo imaging system (Berthold, NightDHADE LB985).
- Virus distribution was observed by Fluc imaging 2 days and 10 days after virus administration, and changes in tumor growth were observed by Rluc imaging 9 days after virus administration.
- FIGS. 21 the right bar shows the light intensity of the light source by luciferase, that is, the light intensity scale, and represents the light intensity in the order of red, orange, yellow, yellow-green, blue, and purple from the top.
- FIG. 21 the right bar shows the light intensity of the light source by luciferase, that is, the light intensity scale, and represents the light intensity in the order of red, orange, yellow, yellow-green, blue, and purple from the top.
- the vertical axis indicates the total number of photons / sec which is a unit of the light intensity.
- tumor engraftment in the Low group and the KFtx group was confirmed by tumor imaging before paclitaxel (PTx) administration.
- PTx paclitaxel
- tumors derived from KF cells disappeared by 95% or more, whereas tumors derived from KFTx cells remained. From this, it can be said that the peritoneal dissemination model mouse using KFtx cells is an ovarian cancer model reflecting the clinical feature of PTx resistance.
- UCA1 can be a biomarker that predicts anticancer effects.
- a host regulator that enhances the growth and propagation of vaccinia virus can be used for evaluating the cancer treatment effect of vaccinia virus and for treating cancer.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 癌患者の癌細胞におけるUCA1遺伝子の発現を測定し、UCA1遺伝子が発現している場合に、該患者においてワクシニアウイルスによる癌治療効果があると予測する、ワクシニアウイルスによる癌治療効果を予測評価する方法。
[2] ワクシニアウイルスが、腫瘍溶解性ワクシニアウイルスである、[1]の方法。
[3] ワクシニアウイルスが、LC16株、LC16mO株又はB5R遺伝子が発現するように改変されたLC16m8株である、[1]又は[2]の方法。
[4] UCA1遺伝の発現をRT-PCRにより測定する、[1]~[3]のいずれかの方法。
[5] UCA1遺伝子を発現可能に導入した、ワクシニアウイルス。
[6] 癌細胞中でUCA1遺伝子を発現させ、UCA1の制御により癌細胞中で増殖する、[5]のワクシニアウイルス。
[7] 腫瘍溶解性ワクシニアウイルスである、[5]又は[6]のワクシニアウイルス。
[8] ワクシニアウイルスが、LC16株、LC16mO株又はB5R遺伝子が発現するように改変されたLC16m8株である、[5]~[7]のいずれかのワクシニアウイルス。
[9] [5]~[8]のいずれかのワクシニアウイルスを含む癌治療のための医薬組成物。
[10] UCA1遺伝子を発現可能に導入した発現ベクター及びワクシニアウイルスを組合せて含む、癌治療のための医薬組成物キット。
[11] ワクシニアウイルスが、腫瘍溶解性ワクシニアウイルスである、[10]の癌治療のための医薬組成物キット。
[12] ワクシニアウイルスが、LC16株、LC16mO株又はB5R遺伝子が発現するように改変されたLC16m8株である、[10]又は[11]の癌治療のための医薬組成物キット。 本明細書は本願の優先権の基礎である日本国特許出願2015-145153号の明細書および/または図面に記載される内容を包含する。
KFtx (PTx-resistant KF)は抗がん剤PTx(パクリタキセル)が含まれていないRPMI,10%FBS培地で培養を続けるとPTx耐性能が低下する。このPTx耐性能が低下した株をLowとする。Lowを次に62.5nM PTx in RPMI培地で培養を行うとPTx耐性能が回復する。このPTx耐性能が回復した株をLowTxとする(図1)。また、LowTxをPTxなしで培養すると耐性能が低下することから、この耐性能は可逆的であるといえる。
KFtx、Low、LowTxの3者間でマイクロアレイ(タカラバイオ)による遺伝子発現の網羅的な解析を行った。ウイルス増殖、抗がん剤耐性が高い細胞株で発現が亢進され、ウイルス増殖、抗がん剤耐性が低い細胞株で発現が抑制されている遺伝子を候補遺伝子として抽出した。図3にマイクロアレイによる遺伝子発現の網羅的な解析の結果を示す。図3は、KFtx、LowTx及びLow間の発現が亢進され、又は発現が抑制されている遺伝子の遺伝子解析の結果を示す。候補遺伝子として抽出されたUCA1はLong-non coding RNAであり、卵巣癌、膀胱癌、胃癌など、他の様々な癌種においてもoncogeneとして同定されている。このUCA1の安定発現株を作成するためにKFtxからNucleoSpinRNA(タカラバイオ)を用いて、そのマニュアルに従いRNAを抽出した。このRNAをHigh-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kitを用い、マニュアルに従いRT-PCR(Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction)によりcDNAを作成した。cDNAを鋳型に2つのプライマー5’-ctggatcctgacattcttctggacaatgag-3’(配列番号4)と5’-ctgcggccgcatattagctttaatgtaggtggc-3’(配列番号5)によって、両末端にBamH1とNot1の制限酵素サイトを付加したUCA1遺伝子を増幅した。両末端にBamH1とNot1の制限酵素サイトを付加したUCA1遺伝子の配列を配列番号3に示す。配列番号3の配列における7番目のtから1414番目のcまでがUCA1遺伝子の配列であり、配列番号1の1番目から1408番目の塩基に相当する。ただし、配列番号1の797番目のaがtに変異している。このPCR産物をBamH1とNot1で切断し、pcDNA3.1(+)の同じ制限酵素部位にクローニングしてpcDNA3.1(+)- UCA1を取得した。次に24wellに播種したLow、LowTxにpcDNA3.1(+)-UCA1とネガティブコントロールであるpcDNA3.1(+)をFugeneHD(Promega社)とProFection Mammalian Transfection System(Promega社)(リン酸カルシウムを使用)を用いてトランスフェクションを行った。pcDNA3.1(+)-UCA1によりUCA1遺伝子をトランスフェクションしたLowTxをUCA1 LowTxと呼び、pcDNA3.1(+)-UCA1によりUCA1遺伝子をトランスフェクションしたLowをUCA1 Lowと呼ぶ。また、UCA1を含まないpcDNA3.1(+)をトランスフェクションしたLowTxをEmpty LowTxと呼び、UCA1を含まないpcDNA3.1(+)をトランスフェクションしたLowをEmpty Lowと呼ぶ。UCA1 LowTx及びEmpty LowTxに対しては、FugeneHDを用い、UCA1 Low及びLowに対しては、リン酸カルシウムを用いた。その後、Geneticinによりセレクションを行い、UCA1安定発現株を取得した。図4にUCA1遺伝子のトランスフェクションの方法を示す。このUCA1安定発現株に対してUCA1の発現増強を確認するために、qRT-PCRを行った。各細胞からRNAをNucleoSpinRNAにより抽出し、抽出したRNAからRT-PCR(Reverse Transcription PCR)によりcDNAを作成し、TaqMan probe(Life Technologies, Assay ID: Hs01909129_s1)を用いて、qRT-PCRを実施した(n=3)。リファレンス遺伝子にはGAPDH(Life Technologies, Assay ID: Hs03929097_g1)を選択した。UCA1の相対発現量は、GAPDHを基準に比較Ct法を用いて算出した。UCA1の安定発現株ではKFtxと同等のUCA1の発現を確認することができた。一方、ネガティブコントロールであるpcDNA3.1(+)の安定発現株ではUCA1の発現が増強されていないことが確認された(図5)。
UCA1の安定発現株を含むKFtxシリーズにおいてパクリタキセル(Paclitaxel)耐性能を比較した。KFtxシリーズを6×103/wellで96wellに播種し、細胞がプレートに生着したと考えられる37℃、12hr培養後に、PTxを含有したRPMIでメディウムチェンジを行った。PTxの濃度は、0、2、5、20、50、100、200、500nMであった。さらに、37℃、48hr培養後にcell titer glo (Promega社)により生細胞数を定量化し、比較した。その結果、UCA1の発現が低いLowとEmpty Lowのみ有意に生細胞数が減少していることが分かった(図6)。このことから、UCA1の高発現はパクリタキセル耐性能において重要であることが考えられた。
UCA1によるワクシニアウイルスの増殖能の増強を詳細に解析した。ERKの活性化はワクシニアウイルスの増殖能を増強するという報告があることから、ERKの活性化とUCA1の高発現の関係を比較した。KFtxシリーズを6×103/wellで96wellに播種し、37℃、36hr培養後にPierce Colorimetric In-Cell ELISA Kitsにより総ERKとその中で活性化しているERK(リン酸化 ERK)を計測した(図8)。その結果、Low、Empty Lowではリン酸化ERKの割合が低くUCA1の発現が上昇するにしたがってリン酸化ERKの割合も上昇した。すなわち、UCA1の発現と比例するようにリン酸化 ERKの割合が変動していた。さらに、ERKはウイルスの増殖・伝搬能に関わるため、UCA1はERKの活性化を制御することでウイルスの増殖を調節すること、すなわちUCA1の高発現がワクシニアウイルスの増殖能だけではなく、ERKの活性化にも関与することが示唆された。
UCA1の高発現がワクシニアウイルスの増殖能を増強する現象をKFtxシリーズ以外の細胞株で検証した。6wellにSHIN3、OVCAR3、RMG-1、SKOV3、ES2の5種を播種した。37℃、36hr後に各細胞からRNAをNucleoSpinRNAで抽出回収し、RT-PCRによりcDNAを作成した。そのcDNAを鋳型としてTaqManプローブ(Life Technologies, Assay ID: Hs01909129_s1)を用いたqRT-PCRによりUCA1の発現を定量化した(n=3)。なお、リファレンス遺伝子はGAPDH(Life Technologies, Assay ID: Hs03929097_g1)を用いた。UCA1の相対発現量は、GAPDHを基準に比較Ct法を用いて算出した。その結果、細胞株間でUCA1の発現の差が示された。(図10)。
(1) KFtxシリーズにおけるウイルスの感染像及びウイルスGFP蛍光の定量化 UCA1の高発現とKFtxシリーズにおけるワクシニアウイルスの増殖能を比較した。KFtxシリーズ(Low、UCA1 Low、Empty Low、KFtx、LowTx、UCA1 LowTx及びEmpty LowTx)を6×103/wellの細胞密度で96wellに播種し、37℃、36hr培養後にVGF+/O1L+をMOI=0.01で感染させた(n=3)。37℃で培養を行い、感染から72hr後にキーエンスの蛍光顕微鏡BZ-X710で生細胞のまま蛍光観察を行うと共に、蛍光強度を数値化した。感染像を図12-1に示し、蛍光の定量化の結果を図12-2に示す。図12-1に示すように、UCA1 Low及びUCA1 LowTxで蛍光強度が強く、UCA1の発現量とウイルスの増殖及び伝播能は正の相関を示していた。また、図12-2に示すように、GFPの蛍光強度は蛍光顕微鏡による観察像と一致していた。
UCA1の高発現とKFtxシリーズにおけるワクシニアウイルスの増殖能を経時的に比較した。KFtxシリーズ(Low、UCA1 Low、Empty Low、KFtx、LowTx、UCA1 LowTx及びEmpty LowTx)を6×103/wellの細胞密度で96wellに播種し、37℃、36hr培養後にVGF+/O1L+をMOI=0.01で感染させた(n=3)。37℃で培養を行い、感染から12hr~72hr後まで12hr毎にキーエンスの蛍光顕微鏡BZ-X710で生細胞のまま明視野観察と蛍光観察を行った。感染像を図13に示す。図13に示すように、UCA1の発現とワクシニアウイルスの増殖能は正の相関を示すことが経時的に確認された。
UCA1の発現量とウイルスの増殖能を経時的に比較した。KFtxシリーズ(Low、UCA1 Low、Empty Low)を3×104/wellの細胞密度で24wellに播種し、37℃、36hr培養後にVGF+/O1L+をMOI=0.01で感染させた。さらに感染の直前と感染から12hr、24hr、36hr、48hr後にRNAを回収し、RT-PCRによりcDNAを作製した。RNAの抽出回収はNucleoSpinRNAにより行い、cDNAの作製は、RT-PCR(Reverse Transcription PCR)で行った。得られたcDNAを鋳型としてTaqManプローブを用いたqRT-PCRによりUCA1の発現を定量化した(n=3)。なお、リファレンス遺伝子はGAPDHを用いた。UCA1の相対発現量は、GAPDHを基準に比較Ct法を用いて算出した。図14に結果を示す。図14に示すように、UCA1の高発現株において、UCA1の発現量はウイルス増殖に伴って増強されることが分かった。
ワクシニウイルスはIMV(細胞内成熟ウイルス)とEEV(細胞外被覆ウイルス)の2種類の感染形態を保持している。EEVはIMVと比べて高い遠隔感染能を保持している。この2種類の産生量の比較をKFtxシリーズにおいて行った。KFtxシリーズ(Low、UCA1 Low、Empty Low、KFtx、LowTx、UCA1 LowTx及びEmpty LowTx)を1.5×105/wellの細胞密度で6wellに播種し、37℃、36hr培養後にVGF+/O1L+をMOI=0.01で感染させた。37℃、72hr培養後 、それぞれの上清(感染細胞から放出されたEEV)と感染細胞(感染細胞内に存在するIMV)を回収した。IMVは上清を除いた後、感染細胞をTryple Expressで剥がし凍結融解することにより得た。凍結融解後、ソニケーションし、遠心(2,000 rpm、5分間)後の上清をウイルス液として回収した(EEVは凍結融解により外膜構造が破損するため、凍結融解、ソニケーション、遠心の工程は行っていない)。各ウイルス液(1ml)のウイルス力価をRK13細胞にて測定した。結果を図15に示した。図15に示すように、EEVとIMVのウイルス力価は両方とも蛍光顕微鏡による観察像(図12-1)と一致していた。
ERKを活性化させることによるワクシニアウイルスの増殖能の変化を測定する。ERKの上流にはEGFRがあり、EGFによって活性化される。KFtxシリーズ(Low、UCA1 Low、Empty Low、KFtx)を6×103/wellの細胞密度で96wellに播種し、37℃、12hr培養後、10%FBSと0.5%FBSのRPMIにメディウムチェンジをする。さらに、37℃、24hr培養後、MOI=0.01でVGF+/O1L+を感染させた。感染の30min前に0.2ng/μlでEGF刺激を行った。感染から72hr後にキーエンスの蛍光顕微鏡BZ-X710で生細胞のまま蛍光観察を行うと共に、蛍光強度を数値化した。感染像を図16-1に示し、蛍光の定量化の結果を図16-2に示す(図16-2Aは10%FBSの結果であり、図16-2Bは0.5%FBSの結果である)。図16-1及び図16-2に示すように、GFPの蛍光強度はEGF刺激によってワクシニウイルスの増殖能が増強されることはなかった。このことから、KFtxシリーズにおいてERKの活性化によってワクシニアウイルスの増殖能の増強は確認されなかった。
KFtxシリーズ(Low、UCA1 Low、Empty Low、KFtx)を6×103/wellの細胞密度で96wellに10%FBS RPMIで播種し、37℃、12hr培養後に10%FBS、0.5%FBS RPMIでメディウムチェンジを行った。さらに37℃、24hr培養後にEGFを0.2ng/μlになるようにメディウムチェンジした。30分のEGF刺激後にPierce Colorimetric In-Cell ELISA KitsによりtERK(total-ERK)とpERK(phosphorylated-ERK)を計測した(n=3)。結果を図17に示す。図17に示すように、0.5%、10%FBSで差は見られなかった。また全ての細胞においてEGF刺激によりpERKが活性化されpERKの割合が増大することが確認された。
(1) 様々な卵巣癌におけるVGF+/O1L+感染像及びウイルスGFP蛍光の定量化
SHIN3、OVCAR3、RMG-1、SKOV3、ES2の卵巣癌5種を1×104/wellの細胞密度で96wellに播種し、37℃、36hr培養後にMOI=0.01、0.001でVGF+/O1L+を感染させた。37℃、48hr培養後、キーエンスの蛍光顕微鏡BZ-X710で生細胞のまま蛍光観察を行うと共に、蛍光強度を数値化した。感染像を図18-1に示し、蛍光の定量化の結果を図18-2に示す(図18-2AはMOI=0.01の結果であり、図18-2BはMOI=0.001の結果である)。図18-1に示すように、UCA1を高発現しているRMG-1とSKOV3では蛍光強度が強く、ウイルス増殖・伝搬能が高かった。一方、UCA1の発現が低いSHIN3、OVCAR3、ES2では蛍光強度が弱く、ウイルス増殖・伝搬能は低かった。また、図18-2に示すように、GFPの蛍光強度は蛍光顕微鏡による観察像と一致していた。
KFtxシリーズ(Low、UCA1 Low、Empty Low、KFtx)を6×103/wellの細胞密度で96wellに播種し、37℃、36hr培養後にVGF-/O1L-をMOI=0.5で感染させた。感染から72hrと96hrにCellTiter 96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (Promega社)で生細胞数を測定した。結果を図20に示す。図20に示すように、UCA1の高発現はウイルスの腫瘍溶解性を増強することが示された。
配列番号4及び5 プライマー
Claims (12)
- 癌患者の癌細胞におけるUCA1遺伝子の発現を測定し、UCA1遺伝子が発現している場合に、該患者においてワクシニアウイルスによる癌治療効果があると予測する、ワクシニアウイルスによる癌治療効果を予測評価する方法。
- ワクシニアウイルスが、腫瘍溶解性ワクシニアウイルスである、請求項1記載の方法。
- ワクシニアウイルスが、LC16株、LC16mO株又はB5R遺伝子が発現するように改変されたLC16m8株である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- UCA1遺伝の発現をRT-PCRにより測定する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- UCA1遺伝子を発現可能に導入した、ワクシニアウイルス。
- 癌細胞中でUCA1遺伝子を発現させ、UCA1の制御により癌細胞中で増殖する、請求項5記載のワクシニアウイルス。
- 腫瘍溶解性ワクシニアウイルスである、請求項5又は6に記載のワクシニアウイルス。
- ワクシニアウイルスが、LC16株、LC16mO株又はB5R遺伝子が発現するように改変されたLC16m8株である、請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載のワクシニアウイルス。
- 請求項5~8のいずれか1項に記載のワクシニアウイルスを含む癌治療のための医薬組成物。
- UCA1遺伝子を発現可能に導入した発現ベクター及びワクシニアウイルスを組合せて含む、癌治療のための医薬組成物キット。
- ワクシニアウイルスが、腫瘍溶解性ワクシニアウイルスである、請求項10に記載の癌治療のための医薬組成物キット。
- ワクシニアウイルスが、LC16株、LC16mO株又はB5R遺伝子が発現するように改変されたLC16m8株である、請求項10又は11に記載の癌治療のための医薬組成物キット。
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WO2022107705A1 (ja) | 2020-11-17 | 2022-05-27 | 国立大学法人鳥取大学 | 新規遺伝子組換えワクシニアウイルス及びその利用 |
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