WO2017012530A1 - 耳机 - Google Patents

耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017012530A1
WO2017012530A1 PCT/CN2016/090428 CN2016090428W WO2017012530A1 WO 2017012530 A1 WO2017012530 A1 WO 2017012530A1 CN 2016090428 W CN2016090428 W CN 2016090428W WO 2017012530 A1 WO2017012530 A1 WO 2017012530A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
earphone
tuning
speaker unit
hole
sound
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/090428
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵燕鹏
谢萍
房晓斐
Original Assignee
歌尔股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 歌尔股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔股份有限公司
Priority to US15/746,393 priority Critical patent/US10244302B2/en
Publication of WO2017012530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017012530A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1041—Mechanical or electronic switches, or control elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2846—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2849—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2838—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type
    • H04R1/2842—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bandpass type for loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the technical field of acoustics, and more particularly to an earphone.
  • the existing earphones can be divided into an in-ear type, an in-ear type and a semi-in-ear type according to different wearing manners, and mainly include a headphone front case, a headphone back case, and a speaker unit (horn) housed in the front case and the back case of the earphone.
  • a headphone front case a headphone back case
  • a speaker unit horn housed in the front case and the back case of the earphone.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an earphone to solve the problem that the current earphone cannot satisfy the user's low frequency requirement in the earphone.
  • the earphone provided by the utility model comprises a headphone casing and a speaker unit housed in the earphone casing, and the speaker unit divides the cavity formed by the earphone casing into a sound cavity before the earphone and a sound cavity of the earphone; and the speaker unit further comprises a tuning The mechanism; wherein, after the speaker unit, the sound chamber is provided with a sound hole of the rear sound chamber, and after the sound chamber of the speaker unit passes, the sound hole of the sound chamber communicates with the sound chamber of the earphone; the tuning mechanism is disposed in the sound hole of the rear sound chamber and the earphone shell In the meantime, the tuning mechanism is used to adjust the size of the sound hole of the rear cavity of the speaker unit.
  • the earphone casing comprises a headphone front case and a headphone back case that is adapted to be connected with the earphone front case; a front earphone cavity is formed between the earphone front case and the speaker unit, and a headphone back case and the speaker unit are formed.
  • the sound cavity behind the earphones is formed.
  • the speaker unit comprises a single housing and a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system housed in the single housing;
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a magnetic yoke, a magnet at a central position of the magnetic yoke, and a magnet away from the guide.
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm, a voice coil fixed to one side of the diaphragm, and a reinforcing portion at a center position of the diaphragm.
  • a preferred structure is that the conductive yoke, the magnet and the washer are respectively provided with through holes corresponding to the positions, and the rear cavity of the speaker unit communicates with the rear cavity of the earphone through the through holes.
  • the tuning mechanism includes a tuning unit, an adjustment knob, and a connecting rod; the tuning unit is disposed in the through hole of the guiding yoke, the adjusting knob is matched with the tuning unit, and the connecting rod is fixed to the earphone housing. Between the adjustment knob and the adjustment knob.
  • a preferred structure is that a groove/protrusion is provided at one end of the connecting rod, and a protrusion/groove corresponding to the groove/protrusion is provided in the adjusting knob, and the protrusion is caught in the groove; Used to rotate the adjustment knob and adjust the relative position between the adjustment knob and the tuning unit.
  • the tuning unit is a disc provided with a curved tuning hole
  • the adjusting knob is a semi-disc rotatable around the center of the tuning unit; the adjusting knob is rotated on the tuning unit to adjust the covering arc.
  • the degree of tuning holes is that the tuning unit is a disc provided with a curved tuning hole, and the adjusting knob is a semi-disc rotatable around the center of the tuning unit; the adjusting knob is rotated on the tuning unit to adjust the covering arc. The degree of tuning holes.
  • a preferred structure is that a tuning network conforming to the curvature of the curved tuning hole is attached to the curved tuning hole.
  • a preferred structure is that an in-ear rubber sleeve is further included; the in-ear rubber sleeve is disposed on the main sound output tube of the earphone front case.
  • a headphone cord is further included; one end of the headphone cord is connected to the speaker unit, and the other end is provided with a headphone plug.
  • the earphone of the present invention can control the size of the communication hole between the sound cavity of the speaker unit and the sound cavity behind the earphone through the tuning mechanism, so as to adjust the air permeability of the sound hole of the sound cavity of the speaker unit. Furthermore, the purpose of adjusting the sound quality of the earphone is realized, the structure is simple, and the application is wide.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a headset according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a headphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic partial structural view of an earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a tuning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph of a frequency response of a headphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the reference numerals include: speaker unit 1, diaphragm 11, washer 12, voice coil 13, magnet 14, yoke 15, earphone housing 2, earphone back casing 21, earphone front housing 22, tuning network 3 , tuning hole 4, tuning mechanism 5, connecting rod 51, rotating head 511, groove 512, adjusting knob 52, protrusion 521, tuning net 53, tuning unit 54, tuning hole 541, earphone cavity 6 , in the ear rubber sleeve 7, the sound chamber 8 in front of the earphone, the sound chamber 9 after the speaker unit.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a headset principle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an earphone includes a headphone casing 2 , a speaker unit 1 (sounding unit) housed in the earphone casing 2 , and a tuning mechanism 5 , and the speaker unit 1 forms the earphone casing 2 .
  • the cavity is divided into an earphone front sound chamber 8 and a headphone rear sound chamber 6; wherein a rear sound chamber sound hole (ie, a tuning hole 4) is disposed on the speaker unit 1, and between the speaker unit rear sound chamber 9 and the earphone rear sound chamber 6 Through the rear tuning hole 4, a corresponding tuning net 3 is attached to the tuning hole 4; the tuning mechanism 5 is disposed between the tuning hole 4 and the earphone casing 2 for adjusting the sound hole of the rear sound cavity
  • the size of the volume serves to adjust the frequency response of the earphone.
  • the tuning hole 4 and the rear acoustic cavity sounding hole of the speaker unit 1 have the same structure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an earphone mechanism in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a headphone cross-sectional structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the earphone according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an earphone front case 22, an earphone back cover 21 that is coupled to the earphone front case 22, and is housed in the earphone front case 22 and the earphone rear case 21.
  • the rear sound chamber 6, the sound chamber 6 after the earphone and the sound chamber of the speaker unit are communicated through the sound hole of the rear sound chamber of the speaker unit 1, and the tuning mechanism 5 is disposed in the sound chamber of the rear sound chamber and the earphone casing (including the earphone front shell 22 and Between the earphone rear case 21), it is used to adjust the size of the sound hole of the rear sound chamber of the speaker unit.
  • the speaker unit 1 includes a single housing, a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system housed in the single housing; the magnetic circuit system includes a magnet for fixing the magnet 14 and correcting the magnetic lines of force. a magnetic yoke 15, a magnet 14 disposed at a central position of the yoke 15, and a washer 12 located on a side of the magnet 14 away from the yoke 15; wherein the magnet 14 and the side wall of the washer 12 and the yoke 15 are A magnetic gap is formed, and the voice coil 13 is suspended in the magnetic gap.
  • the yoke 15 is fixed on the single housing, and the vibration system, the magnet 14, and the washer 12 are housed in the cavity formed by the yoke 15 and the single housing, and the washer 12, the magnet 14 and the yoke 15 are The connection is fixed in order from top to bottom.
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm 11, a voice coil 13 fixed to one side of the diaphragm 11, and a reinforcing portion located at a center position of the diaphragm 11.
  • the diaphragm 11 includes a fixing portion (located at the outermost periphery of the diaphragm) fixedly coupled to the single body casing, a folded portion of the concave/convex structure integrally provided with the fixing portion, and a flat portion disposed inside the folding ring portion (located
  • the innermost part of the diaphragm, the reinforcing portion is disposed at the plane of the diaphragm 11, and is mainly used for adjusting the acoustic performance of the speaker. To reduce the overall quality of the vibration system, it is usually set at the position corresponding to the reinforcing portion in the plane portion of the diaphragm.
  • the reinforcing portion covers the reclaiming position.
  • the diaphragm 11 separates the space formed by the single housing into the front cavity of the speaker unit and the sound chamber of the speaker unit.
  • the yoke of the speaker unit in the present invention 15 In order to connect the rear sound chamber of the speaker unit with the sound chamber 6 of the earphone, the yoke of the speaker unit in the present invention 15.
  • the center positions of the magnets 14 and the washers 12 are respectively provided with corresponding through holes, and the positions of the through holes are the same, which together constitute a hole penetrating the entire magnetic circuit system, and the sound chamber of the speaker unit is connected to the sound chamber 6 of the earphone through the through holes.
  • a tuning mechanism 5 (including a rotating head 511) for controlling the size of the speaker cavity after the speaker unit and the rear cavity of the earphone 6 is disposed between the yoke 15 of the speaker unit 1 and the headphone casing.
  • the communication hole between the rear sound chamber of the speaker unit and the sound chamber behind the earphone is the single speaker unit.
  • the sound chamber has a sound hole; when the sound adjustment mechanism is arranged on the sound hole of the rear sound chamber, the communication hole is the sound hole of the sound chamber after the remaining part of the sounding mechanism, in other words, the sound chamber of the speaker unit is adjusted by the tuning mechanism.
  • the communication hole between the rear sound chamber of the speaker unit and the sound chamber behind the earphone is a partial rear sound chamber sound hole that is not covered by the tuning mechanism 5.
  • FIG. 4 shows a partial structure of an earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows an exploded structure of a tuning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the tuning mechanism 5 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a tuning unit 54, an adjustment knob 52 and a connecting rod 51; the tuning unit 54 is disposed in the through hole of the yoke, and then The sound chamber is covered by the sound hole, and the adjusting knob 52 is fixed on the side of the tuning unit 54 away from the magnetic yoke, and is fixedly connected with the adjusting unit 54.
  • the connecting rod 51 is fixed between the earphone housing and the adjusting knob 52, in the earphone. After the overall assembly is completed, the user can control the relative position between the internal adjustment knob 52 of the earphone housing and the tuning unit 54 through the rotating link 51 to adjust the low-frequency response of the speaker unit 1, thereby adjusting the overall sound quality of the earphone.
  • the tuning unit 54 is a disc-shaped structure, and the tuning unit 54 is provided with a tuning hole 541 having an arc structure, and the adjusting knob 52 is a semi-disc structure rotatable around the center of the tuning unit 54.
  • the adjusting knob 52 rotates on the tuning unit 54 and covers the tuning holes 541 of different sizes to adjust the size of the sound cavity of the rear cavity of the speaker unit and the sound cavity of the earphone, thereby adjusting the low frequency response effect of the earphone.
  • a convex cylinder may be disposed at a central position of the adjustment knob 52, and a cylindrical recessed hole is provided at a position corresponding to the cylinder of the tuning unit 54, and the adjustment knob 52 is The adjustment knob 52 is rotated in the tuning unit 54 by inserting the cylinder into the recess of the corresponding tuning unit 54.
  • FIG. 6 shows the earphone frequency before and after the adjustment of the sound hole of the sound chamber of the speaker unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the response curve compares the results.
  • the horizontal axis represents the frequency (unit, Hertz Hz)
  • the vertical axis represents the frequency response (unit, decibel dB)
  • the solid line indicates that the rotating tuning component makes the cross-sectional area of the sound hole of the speaker unit rear cavity smaller.
  • the earphone frequency response curve when the sound hole of the sound chamber is small (the sound hole of the sound chamber is small), and the broken line indicates the frequency response curve of the earphone after the cross-sectional area of the sound hole of the sound chamber of the speaker unit is increased.
  • the tuning member when the tuning member is rotated to different positions, the area of the sound hole of the sound chamber of the speaker unit changes, that is, the air permeability between the sound chamber behind the earphone and the sound chamber of the speaker unit changes, and thus the guide The medium and low frequency response of the headphones is different.
  • the air permeability between the sound chamber behind the earphone and the sound chamber of the speaker unit becomes large, the medium and low frequency response of the earphone is significantly higher than the frequency response when the air permeability is small.
  • the tuning component by rotating the tuning component, the change of the sound hole area of the sound chamber after the speaker unit can be realized, thereby changing the frequency response curve of the middle and low frequency of the earphone, so as to achieve the purpose of changing the overall sound quality of the earphone.
  • a groove/protrusion 512 is disposed at one end of the link 51, and a protrusion corresponding to the groove protrusion 512/ of the link 51 is disposed on the adjustment knob 52.
  • the groove 521 realizes the connecting rod 51 by engaging the protrusion 521 (or the protrusion on the connecting rod) on the adjusting knob 52 in the groove 512 (or the groove of the card slot) of the corresponding connecting rod 51. Adjust the active connection between the knobs 52.
  • the other end of the connecting rod 51 is provided with a rotating head 511 for facilitating the rotating link 51.
  • the rotating head 511 is embedded in the earphone casing, and the earphone low frequency can be adjusted by rotating the rotating head 511 located at the back of the earphone casing during the user's use of the earphone. Sound quality, easy to operate.
  • the adjustment knob 52 is not limited to a semi-circular structure, and the arc of the setting and the curvature of the arc-shaped tuning hole 541 located on the tuning unit 54 can be set according to customer requirements.
  • the tuning hole 541 is provided.
  • the arc is 180°, corresponding to the semi-disc-shaped adjustment knob 52; in addition, the connection between the connecting rod and the adjustment knob, the adjustment knob and the tuning unit is not limited to the above-mentioned protrusion or groove. In a manner, it is possible to realize a structure or a connection manner in which the adjustment knob is rotated by the rotating link to rotate on the tuning unit, and the tuning holes on the tuning unit are covered to different degrees.
  • the tuning sound network 53 matching the curvature of the curved tuning hole 541 is attached to the curved tuning hole 541 or The damping net, the setting of the tuning net 53 can not only block small particle contaminants in the earphone casing from entering the inside of the speaker unit 1, but also can adjust the acoustic performance of the speaker unit.
  • the earphone of the embodiment of the present invention further includes an in-ear rubber sleeve 7 and a headphone cord; wherein the in-ear rubber sleeve 7 is sleeved on the main sound output tube of the earphone front shell 22, and can be made of materials such as silica gel or high elasticity polyester. It can be in close contact with the ear canal after it is inserted into the ear canal to isolate the sound from entering the middle ear and inner ear to achieve the purpose of sound insulation.
  • One end of the headphone cable is connected to the speaker unit, and the other end is provided with a headphone plug for use with an external portable electronic product.
  • the tuning hole connecting the sound chamber of the speaker unit and the sound chamber behind the earphone may be set to be multiple, and a rotating cover is arranged outside the tuning hole, and the rotation is performed.
  • the cover is provided with a plurality of stoppers and a rotary cover handle, and is rotated outside the tuning hole by the rotating cover.
  • the earphone provided by the present invention rotates the adjusting knob by rotating the connecting rod, so that the adjusting knob covers the tuning hole located on the tuning unit to different degrees, thereby controlling the sound chamber of the speaker unit.
  • the size of the ventilation hole between the sound cavity and the sound cavity of the earphone can achieve the purpose of changing the frequency response of the earphone, and the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and the user experience is improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

一种耳机，包括耳机外壳以及收容在耳机外壳内的扬声器单体，扬声器单体将耳机外壳形成的腔体分隔为耳机前声腔和耳机后声腔；其中，还包括调音机构；其中，在扬声器单体后声腔上设置有后声腔出声孔，扬声器单体后声腔通过后声腔出声孔与耳机后声腔连通；调音机构设置在后声腔出声孔与耳机外壳之间，调音机构用于调整扬声器单体的后声腔出声孔的大小。利用上述实用新型，能够根据不同用户的中低频需求自行调节耳机的音质。

Description

耳机 技术领域
本实用新型涉及声学技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种耳机。
背景技术
随着高品质智能手机、Pad等便携式电子产品的广泛应用，人们对可与其配合应用的耳机的要求也越来越高，在要求其体形小巧的同时，还要求其具备能够逼真再现各种音效的高保真音质性能。此外，无论上述何种电子产品，为了让使用者在不干扰旁人的状况下聆听电子产品所提供的声音信号，耳机已经成为各电子产品的必要配件，此外耳机也提供了聆听者较佳的声音传输，使聆听者能清楚的听到及了解声音内容。
现有的耳机按照佩戴方式的不同可以分为入耳式、贴耳式以及半入耳式，其主要包括耳机前壳、耳机后壳及收容在耳机前壳和后壳内的扬声器单体(喇叭)，由于不同的耳机使用者对耳机频响的喜好不同，而且对于不同的使用环境，也需要将耳机调节到不同的频响以适应人们的需要，因此，亟需一种耳机能够根据个人需求自行调节耳机的频率响应，以适用不同的使用人群及使用环境。
实用新型内容
鉴于上述问题，本实用新型的目的是提供一种耳机，以解决目前同款耳机不能满足用户对耳机中低频需求不同的问题。
本实用新型提供的耳机，包括耳机外壳以及收容在耳机外壳内的扬声器单体，扬声器单体将耳机外壳形成的腔体分为隔耳机前声腔和耳机后声腔；其特征在于，还包括调音机构；其中，在扬声器单体后声腔上设置有后声腔出声孔，扬声器单体后声腔通过后声腔出声孔与耳机后声腔连通；调音机构设置在后声腔出声孔与耳机外壳之间，调音机构用于调整扬声器单体的后声腔出声孔的大小。
此外，优选的结构是，耳机外壳包括耳机前壳以及与耳机前壳适配连接的耳机后壳；耳机前壳与扬声器单体之间形成耳机前声腔，耳机后壳与扬声器单体之间形成耳机后声腔。
此外，优选的结构是，扬声器单体包括单体外壳以及收容在单体外壳内的振动系统和磁路系统；磁路系统包括导磁轭、位于导磁轭中心位置的磁铁、位于磁铁远离导磁轭一侧的华司；振动系统包括振膜、固定在振膜一侧的音圈、位于振膜中心位置的补强部。
此外，优选的结构是，在导磁轭、磁铁和华司上分别设置有位置相互对应的通孔，扬声器单体后声腔通过各通孔与耳机后声腔连通。
此外，优选的结构是，调音机构包括调音单元、调节旋钮和连杆；调音单元设置在导磁轭的通孔内，调节旋钮与调音单元适配连接，连杆固定在耳机外壳与调节旋钮之间。
此外，优选的结构是，在连杆的一端设置有凹槽/凸起，在调节旋钮设置有与凹槽/凸起相对应的凸起/凹槽，凸起卡在凹槽内；连杆用于旋转调节旋钮，并调节调节旋钮与调音单元之间的相对位置。
此外，优选的结构是，调音单元为设置有弧形调音孔的圆盘，调节旋钮为可绕调音单元中心旋转的半圆盘；调节旋钮在调音单元上旋转以调节覆盖弧形调音孔的程度。
此外，优选的结构是，在弧形调音孔上贴设有与弧形调音孔的弧度相一致的调音网。
此外，优选的结构是，还包括入耳胶套；入耳胶套套设在耳机前壳的主声音输出管上。
此外，优选的结构是，还包括耳机线；耳机线的一端与扬声器单体连接，另一端设置有耳机插头。
从上面的技术方案可知，本实用新型的耳机，能够通过调音机构控制扬声器单体后声腔与耳机后声腔之间的连通孔的大小，以调整扬声器单体后声腔出声孔的透气量，进而实现对耳机音质可调的目的，结构简单，适用人群广。
附图说明
通过参考以下结合附图的说明及权利要求书的内容，并且随着对本实用新型的更全面理解，本实用新型的其它目的及结果将更加明白及易于理解。在附图中：
图1为根据本实用新型实施例的耳机原理图；
图2为根据本实用新型实施例的耳机结构示意图；
图3为根据本实用新型实施例的耳机剖面结构示意图；
图4为根据本实用新型实施例的耳机局部结构示意图；
图5为根据本实用新型实施例的调音机构分解示意图。
图6为根据本实用新型实施例的耳机频率响应曲线图。
其中的附图标记包括：扬声器单体1、振膜11、华司12、音圈13、磁铁14、导磁轭15、耳机外壳2、耳机后壳21、耳机前壳22、调音网3、调音孔4、调音机构5、连杆51、旋转头511、凹槽512、调节旋钮52、凸起521、调音网53、调音单元54、调音孔541、耳机后声腔6、入耳胶套7、耳机前声腔8、扬声器单体后声腔9。
在所有附图中相同的标号指示相似或相应的特征或功能。
具体实施方式
为详细描述本实用新型的耳机结构，以下将结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施例进行详细描述。
图1示出了根据本实用新型实施例的耳机原理。
如图1所示，本实用新型实施例的耳机，包括耳机外壳2、收容在耳机外壳2内的扬声器单体1(发声单元)以及调音机构5，扬声器单体1将耳机外壳2形成的空腔分隔为耳机前声腔8和耳机后声腔6；其中，在扬声器单体1上设置有后声腔出声孔(即调音孔4)，扬声器单体后声腔9与耳机后声腔6之间通过后调音孔4连通，在调音孔4上贴设有对应的调音网3；调音机构5设置在调音孔4和耳机外壳2之间，用于调节后声腔出声孔透气量的大小，进而起到调节耳机频率响应的目的。其中，仅在对上述原理描述的过程中，调音孔4和扬声器单体1的后声腔出声孔为同一结构。
以下将以具体实施例对本实用新型的调音机构及其在耳机内的固定方式进行详细的描述。
图2示出了根据本实用新型实施例的耳机机构；图3示出了根据本实用新型实施例的耳机剖面结构。
如图2和图3共同所示，本实用新型实施例的耳机包括耳机前壳22、与耳机前壳22适配连接的耳机后壳21、收容在耳机前壳22和耳机后壳21内的扬声器单体1、调音机构5；其中，扬声器单体1与耳机前壳22之间形成的腔体为耳机前声腔8，扬声器单体1与耳机后壳21之间形成的腔体为耳机后声腔6，耳机后声腔6与扬声器单体后声腔之间通过扬声器单体1的后声腔出声孔连通，调音机构5设置在后声腔出声孔与耳机外壳(包括耳机前壳22和耳机后壳21)之间，用于调整扬声器单体的后声腔出声孔的大小。
具体地，在本实用新型的一个具体实施方式中，扬声器单体1包括单体外壳、收容在单体外壳内的振动系统和磁路系统；磁路系统包括用于固定磁铁14并修正磁力线的导磁轭15、设置在导磁轭15中心位置的磁铁14、位于磁铁14远离导磁轭15一侧的华司12；其中，磁铁14和华司12与导磁轭15的侧壁之间形成磁间隙，音圈13悬设在磁间隙中。导磁轭15固定在单体外壳上，振动系统、磁铁14、和华司12均收容在导磁轭15和单体外壳形成的腔体中，华司12、磁铁14和导磁轭15从上至下依次固定连接。
振动系统包括振膜11、固定在振膜11一侧的音圈13、位于振膜11中心位置的补强部。其中，振膜11包括与单体外壳固定连接的固定部(位于振膜的最外围)、与固定部一体设置的凹/凸结构的折环部以及设置在折环部内部的平面部(位于振膜的最内部)，补强部设置在振膜11的平面部，主要用于调节扬声器的声学性能，为降低振动系统的总体质量，通常在振膜平面部对应补强部的位置设置去料，补强部则覆盖在该取料位置。
振膜11将单体外壳形成的空间分隔为扬声器单体前声腔和扬声器单体后声腔，为使扬声器单体后声腔与耳机后声腔6连通，本实用新型中在扬声器单体的导磁轭15、磁铁14和华司12的中心位置分别设置对应的通孔，各通孔位置一致，共同构成贯穿整个磁路系统的孔，扬声器单体后声腔则通过各通孔与耳机后声腔6连通，用于控制扬声器单体后声腔和耳机后声腔6连通孔大小的调音机构5(包括旋转头511)设置在扬声器单体1的导磁轭15与耳机外壳之间。
其中，扬声器单体后声腔和耳机后声腔之间的连通孔即为扬声器单体的 后声腔出声孔；在后声腔出声孔上设置调音机构时，连通孔为调音机构覆盖后剩余的部分后声腔出声孔，换言之，在通过调音机构调节扬声器单体的后声腔出声孔大小时，扬声器单体后声腔和耳机后声腔之间的连通孔为未被调音机构5所覆盖的局部后声腔出声孔。
具体地，图4示出了本实用新型实施例的耳机局部结构；图5示出了根据本实用新型实施例的调音机构分解结构。
如图4和图5共同所示，本实用新型实施例的调音机构5包括调音单元54、调节旋钮52和连杆51；调音单元54设置在导磁轭的通孔内，将后声腔出声孔覆盖，调节旋钮52固定在调音单元54远离导磁轭的一侧，并与调音单元54适配连接固定，连杆51固定在耳机外壳与调节旋钮52之间，在耳机整体组装完毕后，用户可以通过旋转连杆51控制耳机外壳内部调节旋钮52与调音单元54之间的相对位置，以调整扬声器单体1的中低频响应，进而调整耳机的整体音质。
其中，调音单元54为圆盘状结构，在调音单元54上设置有弧形结构的调音孔541，调节旋钮52为可绕调音单元54中心位置转动的半圆盘结构，通过将调节旋钮52在调音单元54上旋转并覆盖不同大小的调音孔541，以调节扬声器单体后声腔与耳机后声腔连通孔的大小，进而调节耳机的低频响应效果。其中，为简化调节旋钮52与调音单元54之间的连接，可以在调节旋钮52中心位置设置凸起的圆柱，在调音单元54对应圆柱的位置设置圆柱形凹孔，将调节旋钮52的圆柱插入对应的调音单元54的凹孔内，即可实现调节旋钮52在调音单元54内旋转。
针对上述通过调音机构控制扬声器单体后声腔出声孔大小以调整耳机的中低频响应的操作，图6示出了根据本实用新型实施例扬声器单体后声腔出声孔调整前后的耳机频率响应曲线对比结果。
如图6所示，横轴表示频率(单位，赫兹Hz)，纵轴表示频率响应(单位，分贝dB)；实线表示旋转调音件使扬声器单体后声腔出声孔的截面积较小(扬声器单体后声腔出声孔较小)时的耳机频率响应曲线，虚线表示旋转调音件使扬声器单体后声腔出声孔的截面积变大后的耳机频率响应曲线。可知，当调音件旋转至不同的位置时，扬声器单体后声腔出声孔的面积会发生变化，即耳机后声腔与扬声器单体后声腔之间的透气量会发生变化，进而导 致耳机的中、低频率响应不同。并且，当耳机后声腔与扬声器单体后声腔之间的透气量变大时，耳机的中、低频率响应明显高于二者之间透气量较小时的频率响应。因此，可通过旋转调音件，实现扬声器单体后声腔出声孔面积的变化，进而改变耳机中、低频的频率响应曲线，以达到改变耳机整体音质的目的。
在本实用新型的一个具体实施方式中，在连杆51的一端设置有凹槽/凸起512，在调节旋钮52上设置有与连杆51的凹槽凸起512/相对应的凸起/凹槽521，通过将调节旋钮52上的凸起521(或连杆上的凸起)卡在与其对应的连杆51的凹槽512(或卡槽的凹槽)内，实现连杆51与调节旋钮52之间的活动连接。连杆51的另一端则设置有方便旋转连杆51的旋转头511，旋转头511嵌入耳机外壳内，在用户使用耳机的过程中，通过旋转位于耳机外壳背面的旋转头511即可调节耳机低频音质，操作方便简捷。
需要说明的是，调节旋钮52不限于半圆形结构，其设置的弧度及位于调音单元54上的弧形调音孔541的弧度均可根据客户需求进行设置，优选地，调音孔541的弧度为180°，与半圆盘状的调节旋钮52相对应；此外，连杆与调节旋钮之间、调节旋钮与调音单元之间的连接方式不限于上述凸起或凹槽的卡设方式，能够实现通过旋转连杆带动调节旋钮在调音单元上转动，并对调音单元上的调音孔进行不同程度的覆盖的结构方式或连接方式皆可。
为确保扬声器单元的发声效果和音质，在本实用新型的另一具体实施方式中，在弧形调音孔541上贴设有与弧形调音孔541的弧度相一致的调音网53或阻尼网，该调音网53的设置不仅能够阻挡耳机外壳内的小颗粒污染物进入扬声器单体1内部，还能够调节扬声器单体的声学性能。
此外，本实用新型实施例的耳机还包括入耳胶套7和耳机线；其中，入耳胶套7套设在耳机前壳22的主声音输出管上，可以采用硅胶或高弹性聚酯等材料制作而成，在其插入耳道后能够与耳道紧密接触，以隔绝声音进入中耳和内耳内，达到隔音的目的。耳机线的一端与扬声器单体连接，另一端设置有耳机插头，与外部便携式电子产品配合使用。
此外，需要说明的是，本实用新型中调音机构的另一结构中，连通扬声器单体后声腔与耳机后声腔的调音孔可以设置为多个，在调音孔外侧设置旋转盖，旋转盖上设置多个挡块和旋转盖手柄，通过旋转盖在调音孔外部旋转， 改变扬声器单体后声腔调音孔的数量，也可以实现对扬声器单体与耳机外壳之间透气量的控制，进而实现对耳机音质的调节，由于原理类似，对于该结构的具体实施方式此处不再赘述。
通过上述实施方式可以看出，本实用新型提供的耳机，通过转动连杆以旋转调节旋钮，使调节旋钮对位于调音单元上的调音孔进行不同程度的覆盖，进而控制扬声器单体后声腔与耳机后声腔之间的调音孔透气量的大小，达到改变耳机频率响应的目的，结构简单，操作方便，提高用户体验。
如上参照附图以示例的方式描述了根据本实用新型提出的耳机。但是，本领域技术人员应当理解，对于上述本实用新型所提出的耳机，还可以在不脱离本实用新型内容的基础上做出各种改进。因此，本实用新型的保护范围应当由所附的权利要求书的内容确定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种耳机，包括耳机外壳以及收容在所述耳机外壳内的扬声器单体，所述扬声器单体将所述耳机外壳形成的腔体分隔为耳机前声腔和耳机后声腔；其特征在于，还包括调音机构；其中，
    在扬声器单体后声腔上设置有后声腔出声孔，所述扬声器单体后声腔通过所述后声腔出声孔与所述耳机后声腔连通；
    所述调音机构设置在所述后声腔出声孔与所述耳机外壳之间，所述调音机构用于调整所述扬声器单体的后声腔出声孔的大小。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述耳机外壳包括耳机前壳以及与所述耳机前壳适配连接的耳机后壳；
    所述耳机前壳与所述扬声器单体之间形成所述耳机前声腔，所述耳机后壳与所述扬声器单体之间形成所述耳机后声腔。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的耳机，其特征在于，所述扬声器单体包括单体外壳以及收容在所述单体外壳内的振动系统和磁路系统；
    所述磁路系统包括导磁轭、位于所述导磁轭中心位置的磁铁、位于所述磁铁远离所述导磁轭一侧的华司；
    所述振动系统包括振膜、固定在所述振膜一侧的音圈、位于所述振膜中心位置的补强部。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的耳机，其特征在于，
    在所述导磁轭、磁铁和华司上分别设置有位置相互对应的通孔，所述扬声器单体后声腔通过各通孔与所述耳机后声腔连通。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的耳机，其特征在于，
    所述调音机构包括调音单元、调节旋钮和连杆；
    所述调音单元设置在所述导磁轭的通孔内，所述调节旋钮与所述调音单元适配连接，所述连杆固定在所述耳机外壳与所述调节旋钮之间。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的耳机，其特征在于，
    在所述连杆的一端设置有凹槽/凸起，在所述调节旋钮设置有与所述凹槽/凸起相对应的凸起/凹槽，所述凸起卡在所述凹槽内；
    所述连杆用于旋转所述调节旋钮，并调节所述调节旋钮与所述调音单元之间的相对位置。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的耳机，其特征在于，
    所述调音单元为设置有弧形调音孔的圆盘，所述调节旋钮为可绕所述调音单元中心旋转的半圆盘；
    所述调节旋钮在所述调音单元上旋转以调节覆盖所述弧形调音孔的程度。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的耳机，其特征在于，
    在所述弧形调音孔上贴设有与所述弧形调音孔的弧度相一致的调音网。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的耳机，其特征在于，还包括入耳胶套；
    所述入耳胶套套设在所述耳机前壳的主声音输出管上。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的耳机，其特征在于，还包括耳机线；
    所述耳机线的一端与所述扬声器单体电连接，另一端设置有耳机插头。
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