WO2017009514A1 - Método implementado por ordenador, sistema y producto de programa para ordenador para simular el comportamiento de textil tejido a nivel de hilo - Google Patents
Método implementado por ordenador, sistema y producto de programa para ordenador para simular el comportamiento de textil tejido a nivel de hilo Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017009514A1 WO2017009514A1 PCT/ES2016/070535 ES2016070535W WO2017009514A1 WO 2017009514 A1 WO2017009514 A1 WO 2017009514A1 ES 2016070535 W ES2016070535 W ES 2016070535W WO 2017009514 A1 WO2017009514 A1 WO 2017009514A1
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- contact
- basting
- thread
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- threads
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/11—Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
- G06F17/13—Differential equations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
- D04B1/102—Patterned fabrics or articles with stitch pattern
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B37/00—Auxiliary apparatus or devices for use with knitting machines
- D04B37/02—Auxiliary apparatus or devices for use with knitting machines with weft knitting machines
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B39/00—Knitting processes, apparatus or machines not otherwise provided for
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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- G06F17/11—Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/12—Cloth
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of simulations of the behavior of woven fabric at the thread level.
- Woven fabrics are made of threads that are woven in regular patterns, and their macroscopic behavior is dictated by the contact interactions between such threads.
- Woven textiles are held together by basting threads, in contrast to spun textiles, which are held together by interlocking threads (two sets of orthogonal threads called warp and weft).
- Thread-level models of woven or spun textiles have a long history.
- Peirce Peirce 1937
- Thread-level models have been thoroughly studied in the field of textile research, initially using analytical thread models [Hearle et al. 1969] to predict the mechanical behavior of textiles under specific deformation modes [Peirce 1, 937; Kawabata et al. 1973].
- textile research relied on continuous models to simulate most thread deformation modes and complex thread-to-wire contact interactions [Ng et al. 1998; Page and Wang 2000; Duan et al. 2006].
- Woven textiles have received less attention compared to yarn, due to the higher geometric complexity, which leads to more involved thread contact interactions.
- Flexible strips are frequently used to efficiently represent knotted strands, as introduced by [Remion et al. 1999]. Flexible strips have also been used to approximate spun textiles in a purely geometric way (see, for example, [Renkens and Kyosev 2011; Jiang and Chen 2005]), sometimes combined with thin sheet models in a multi-scale manner [ Nocent et al. 2001].
- wire-level models capture the most relevant strains and wire interactions using specialized force models, such as flexible and cross-spring springs to capture cross-sectional deformation and breakage at crossing points [King et al. 2005; Xia and Nadler 2011], shoring elements that act as contact forces between the threads to capture the binding in rupture [King et al. 2005], or a sliding speed to capture the sliding of the threads [Parsons et al. 2013].
- these models allow the simulation of real macroscopic behaviors of textiles.
- thread-level models in textile research focus on small portions of textile, often in controlled experiments, and cannot simulate complete clothing under free movements, or the plastic effects of individual yarns such as tears, fraying or shedding. of threads.
- ETZMUSS O., KECKEISEN, M., AND STRASSER, W. 2003. A fast finite element solution for cloth modeling. In Computer Graphics and Applications, 2003. Proceedings. 11 th Pacific Conference on, 244-251. HEARLE, J. W. S., GROSBERG, P., AND BACKER, S. 1969. Structural Mechanics of Fibers, Yarns, and Fabrics, vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York.
- PEIRCE F. T. 1937. The geometry of cloth structure. Journal of the Textile Institute Transactions 28, 3, T45-T96.
- PROVOT X. 1995. Deformation constraints in a mass-spring model to describe rigid cloth behavior. In Graphics Interface, 147-154.
- the present invention introduces a representation at the level of compact yarn of woven textiles, based on the placement of four persistent contacts with sliding of yarn in each basting, the basting being either a woven basin or reverse knitting.
- This efficient representation of a woven fabric at the thread level treats the thread-to-thread contacts as persistent, thereby avoiding costly contact manipulation of all together.
- a compact representation of thread geometry and kinematics is used, capturing the essential deformation modes of yarn loops and basting with minimal cost. Based on this representation, force models are created that reproduce the characteristic macroscopic behavior of woven textiles (force models for inter-thread friction, thread bending, and basting wrap).
- a first aspect of the present invention relates to a method implemented by computer to simulate the behavior of a woven textile at the thread level. The method comprises the following stages:
- each tissue or reverse point using four contact nodes, located at the end of the two basting contacts between pairs of loops, where each contact node is described by a coordinate of 3D positions representing the position of the contact node and two sliding coordinates that represent the arc lengths of the two wires in contact.
- the structural information of the woven textile may also include any of the following, or a combination thereof: - Density (that is, mass / volume) of the threads;
- Mechanical parameters for the different types of yarn used in woven textile said mechanical parameters including at least one of the following:
- the wrapping forces of each basting contact includes the calculation of an elastic potential V according to the following equation: where ⁇ is the wrap angle, ⁇ is the support angle and L is the remaining length of the basting contact (5).
- the force model can include bending forces using the calculation of a elastic potential V between two consecutive thread segments [q2, qo] and [qo, qi] according to the following equation:
- k b BTZR 2 , where R is the radius of the thread, Au is the sum of the arc length of both segments, and ⁇ is the angle of bending between the thread segments [q2, qo] and [qo,
- the force model can include sliding friction forces using the sliding friction coefficient ( ⁇ ) and the sliding coordinates.
- the force model can also include stretching forces using the elastic modulus (Y) of the threads.
- a second aspect of the present invention relates to a system to simulate the behavior of a woven textile at the thread level.
- the system includes:
- each tissue or reverse basting using four contact nodes, located at the end of the two basting contacts between pairs of loops, where each contact nodule is described by a 3D position coordinate representing the position of the contact nodule and two sliding coordinates that represent the arc lengths of the two wires in contact.
- Measure the forces in each contact nodule based on a force model, the forces being measured both in the 3D position coordinate and in the sliding coordinates of the contact nodule, and including the force model at least wrapping forces for capture the interaction of the threads in the basted.
- a third aspect of the present invention relates to a computer program product to simulate the behavior of a woven textile at the thread level, which comprises a program code usable in computer to execute the steps of the previously implemented computer implemented method.
- the computer program product is preferably stored in a program support medium.
- the present invention proposes a representation of a woven fabric using persistent contacts with thread sliding. With this representation, robust and efficient simulations are achieved, since both the detection and resolution of the thread-to-wire contacts are avoided.
- clothing of complexity similar to those simulated by Kaldor et al., [2010] such as a sweater with more than 56K of basting loops
- the present invention achieves a 7x speed increase (without taking into account the differences in hardware ).
- the method of the present invention is also capable of simulating much denser textiles, up to real-world gauges, such as a shirt with 325K loops.
- the present invention is an efficient method to simulate a woven fabric at the thread level, using an efficient representation of woven fabrics that treats the thread-to-thread contacts as persistent, thereby avoiding costly joint handling of contacts.
- the present method uses the compact discrete separation of basting contacts that allow capturing the relevant deformation modes at the wire level, reaching complex, nonlinear and plastic effects on a macroscopic scale.
- the present model can handle any fabric pattern based on reverse knitting baskets and fabrics between two threads.
- the present invention achieves efficient thread-level simulations of woven fabrics, with high resolution and low computation time, predicting the mechanical and visual behavior of any kind of woven fabric made of woven and / or reverse knitting.
- the present invention predicts in a robust, real and efficient manner, the behavior of a complete fabric based on the behavior of the individual threads.
- the invention provides the following advantages in the textile sector:
- the invention can be applied in different sectors:
- Figure 1 depicts several loops of a textile woven in a plain knit pattern and an extension of a 3D basting.
- Figure 2 shows, according to the present invention, the discrete separation of the woven textile of Figure 1 and an extension of a basting with discrete separation with two persistent contacts.
- Figure 3 represents in detail the four contact nodes in a basting.
- Figure 4 represents the bending angle ⁇ between two adjacent thread segments.
- Figure 5 represents the basting envelope used in the force model.
- Figures 6A-6C show a small piece of textile stretched to the point where inter-thread friction cannot prevent the thread from sliding and plastic deformations are evident when forces are released and the textile returns to its resting state. .
- Figure 7 shows a table with the parameter values used in the different examples.
- Figure 8 represents an example of a non-linear behavior observed when a piece of ribbed textile is stretched.
- the present invention proposes a representation of a woven fabric using persistent contacts that is compact and that allows to capture the mechanically relevant characteristics of the wire structure.
- Figure 1 shows several loops 2 of a woven textile 1, woven in a plain knit pattern (which is the simplest pattern, with all woven baskets; other patterns made from woven basins and / or reverse stitches can be considered, such as the clear holy point, which alternates rows of woven and reverse point basting, and ribbed, which repeats two basins of fabric followed by two reverse point basting) and an extension on a 3D basting. Loops 2 run along different rows (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f).
- the threads of a woven textile experience multiple different forces, both internal due to its own deformation, and external due to the thread-to-thread contact.
- the macroscopic mechanical behavior of woven garments is mainly determined by the thread-to-thread contact, with three dominant effects:
- the present invention proposes the discrete separation of a woven textile using contact nodes
- the minimum set of persistent contacts that allow representing all the relevant deformation modes of the thread is identified.
- the textile is discretely separated by placing a nodule on each persistent contact, and calling it a contact nodule.
- the two wires in contact are represented as an individual 3D point, thus eliminating the need to detect and resolve the contact.
- the contact node is augmented with sliding coordinates that allow the wires to slide tangent to the contact.
- Figure 2 represents the discrete separation of the textile 1 fabric of Figure 1 and an enlargement on a basting contact 5 discretely separated, defined by two persistent contacts (contact nodes 4) where two wires are wrapped around each other otherwise persistently.
- a basting a loop of a row is passed through two loops of the previous row (for example, loop 2fi of row 3f is passed through loops 2ei and 2 ⁇ 2 of row 3e previous). This arrangement produces two basting contacts 5.
- Figure 3 represents in more detail the loop 2fi of row 3f forming a basting with loops 2ei and 2 ⁇ 2 of the previous row 3e.
- a 2fi loop of a new row is passed through two loops (2ei, 2e ⁇ ) of the previous row, covering them and producing contacts between the pairs of 2f 2ei and 2fr 2 ⁇ 2 loops, in particular two basting contacts 5.
- two contact nodes 4 are considered at the end of each basting contact 5 between pairs of loops, thus producing a total of four contact nodes 4 (q 0 , qi, q2, q3) for each basting of fabric / reverse point.
- Sliding coordinates U and V q nodule or contact which will be explained later, also shown in Figure 3.
- each basting contact 5 During normal operation of the textile, that is, unless you remove a basting, the two wires in each basting contact 5 are wrapped around each other in a persistent manner.
- the woven textiles are discretely separated thus placing two contact nodes 4 at the two end points of each basting contact 5.
- the discrete separation captures the most important degrees of freedom in a loop, and makes it possible to represent any fabric pattern based on plain-knit basting and weaving between two threads.
- the use of an individual contact node 4 by basting contact 5 would lose important loop deformation modes, such as the stretching of a textile due to the deformation of the loop.
- the wire is considered to be formed by straight segments between contact nodes 4.
- a plane is adjusted to the incident segments, the threads are arranged along the normal of this plane, and the resulting points are interpolated using soft flexible strips.
- each contact nodule q (x; u; v) constitutes a nodule 5- DoF (5 degrees of freedom) , with x times the 3D position of the nodule, yuyv are the arc lengths of the two wires in contact, which act as sliding coordinates.
- the 3D position of a point within the segment is given by:
- the force models that capture these essential contact mechanics in the threads under the compact representation of the thread are now described, demonstrating how they reproduce the desired nonlinearity and anisotropy of woven textiles.
- the forces applied to the fabric model include gravity, internal elastic forces of the threads, contact forces without penetration between threads, friction and damping.
- the key deformation modes of the wire structure that suffer resistance have been identified.
- the force model groups the effect of both internal and contact forces. This is a crucial aspect in the design of force models with persistent contacts because the lack of degrees of freedom in the normal direction of contact avoids the use of typical punishment potentials or non-penetration restrictions.
- the present force model includes elastic potentials for two main deformation modes, the bending of the yarn and the basin wrap, which will be discussed first. Details on sliding friction forces will also be explained later, although similar forces are added to all deformation modes. An elastic force for the preservation of the lengths of the basting contacts will also be described. For damping, the Rayleigh model is used.
- B the flexural modulus
- R the radius of the thread.
- the desired loop density in the row and column directions, the radius R of the thread, and the geometric shape of a loop are fixed.
- the resulting arrangement may not rest in its initial configuration due to unbalanced bending energies, and clothing may compress and wrinkle when it relaxes.
- the compensation for the flexion in the form of rest can be done by redefining the densities of the loops in the following way: first a rectangular sample of 5 x 5 cm is relaxed with the same mechanical and geometric parameters, and the average shape of the loops is recorded after relaxation; then, this loop form is applied at the beginning of the arrangement of the threads for clothing, redefining the loop density accordingly. Without flexural compensation, clothing shrinks and exhibits unnatural wrinkles. When applying the flexural compensation in the form of rest, the textile piece shows a natural behavior.
- each basin contact 5 two wire segments are wrapped around each other, as shown in Figure 3, producing a deformation energy.
- Figure 5 shows the basting envelope in more detail, where qO and q1 are the contact nodes 4 of the basting contact 5 comprising two segments belonging to two different loops (2a, 2b). The amount of wrap is measured as the relative angle between opposite wire segments around the central axis of the basting contact 5. Given the two contact nodes 4, qO and q1, of the basting contact 5, the unit vector e between them defines the central axis.
- An envelope angle ⁇ is defined between the thread segment from qO to q4 and its opposite thread segment from q1 to q3, and in the same way for the other two segments [qO, q2] and [q1, q5]. Specifically, the angle between the unit vectors (n a , nb) orthogonal to the triangles (8a, 8b) formed by such thread segments and the central axis, acting as a hinge, is computed.
- an elastic potential V is defined based on the deviation between the wrap angle y and a resting angle ⁇ : where k w is the basting stiffness of the basting, an empirically fixed stiffness, and L is the remaining length of the basting contact 5.
- ⁇ / 2 is preferably chosen for a visually realistic wrapping effect, although other different resting angles can be used.
- the wire segments in the basting contacts 5 have a natural tendency to develop.
- adjacent rows of loops unfold in opposite directions.
- characteristic behavior arises: the textile has a tendency to curl in both the row and column directions. This effect is particularly noticeable in the contours of the textile.
- each pair of basting is curled in the opposite direction, leading to a natural compression of the textile.
- the present method also allows the inter-wire sliding forces to be modeled with friction. For sliding friction, friction is modeled according to Coulomb on sliding coordinates using anchored springs. According to the Coulomb model, the frictional force is limited by the amount of normal compression in the inter-wire contact.
- This normal inter-thread compression for a woven fabric is estimated assuming the static balance of the stretching, bending and wrapping forces of the basting. To estimate the normal force due to bending and basting envelope, the forces are projected on the estimated normal in each contact nodule 4. To estimate the normal force due to stretching, on the other hand, we set nodules along the normal contact to take into account the volume of the thread. The sliding friction is governed by the friction coefficient ⁇ .
- FIGs 6A-6C show an example where a small piece of textile 1 fabric (Figure 6A) is stretched excessively with a stretching force F to the point where the threads slide ( Figure 6B), and plastic deformation is present when the stretching force F applied on the textile 1 is released ( Figure 6C).
- the movement equations are formulated using the Lagrange-Euler equations, and are integrated in time using the Euler iteration of implicit backward movement with Newton.
- a female dancing mannequin is dressed in a sweater made of 56K loops (224353 basting contact nodes).
- the sweater is knitted in the style of Santa Clara knit, with seams on the sides of the body, shoulders, sleeve-body joints, and along the sleeves.
- basting density is measured as the number of basting per inch, and is called Caliber (GG).
- the simulated sweater has 6.5 basting per inch, a caliber commonly found in real sweaters. The simulation took 96 seconds per visual frame (at 30 fps), just 7 times faster than the methodology of [Kaldor et al. 2010] for a model with similar characteristics (regardless of hardware differences).
- a sleeveless t-shirt model is used to dress a male mannequin that performs highly dynamic karate movements.
- the t-shirt has 325K loops (1.25M basting contact nodes), 20 basting per inch, and is woven in a clear holy dot style.
- This caliber (20 GG) is commonly found on t-shirts on shelves made from carded cotton.
- the simulation took an average of 7.4 minutes per visual frame (at 30 fps), showing how clothes with resolutions similar to real life can be calculated in a time traceable with the present methodology.
- the plain knit pattern produces a curl behavior in the textile, and in the model this effect is captured by the wrapping forces of the basting, showing the curl effect in the plain knit dress.
- the clothing is a sleeveless wool pullover, with 8750 loops (34416 basting contact nodes). As in a real dress, the effect of curling is particularly visible at the edges of the textile. The lower edge and neck are wrapped around themselves.
- Figure 8 shows a graph of strength of a stretched ribbed textile, an example of nonlinear behavior observed when a piece of ribbed textile is stretched, which appears to be compressed at rest, and with the characteristic roughness of the ribbed pattern.
- the highly non-linear behavior is evident, with three different regimes (10a, 10b, 10c) corresponding to opposite wrapping, flexing and stretching forces.
- the graph shows the force applied to one side of the textile versus the distance side by side, and highlights the existence of the three regimes (10a, 10b, 10c) during deformation.
- the first regime 10a the roughnesses are flattened and the stretching forces are mainly opposed by basting.
- the loops are deformed, and the stretching is mainly opposed to the bending of the thread.
- the threads themselves They are stretched themselves.
- Nonlinear stretching behavior arises naturally when the present thread level model is used thanks to the low level structural representation and force models, but it is difficult to capture using traditional mesh-based methodologies.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201680044394.8A CN108140015A (zh) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | 用于模拟针织织物在纱线层处的行为的计算机实施方法、系统和计算机程序产品 |
US15/744,643 US10810333B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | Computer implemented method, system and computer program product for simulating the behavior of a knitted fabric at yarn level |
KR1020187004195A KR101887467B1 (ko) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | 원사 단위의 편물 거동을 시뮬레이션하는 컴퓨터 구현방법, 시스템 및 컴퓨터 프로그램 |
CA2992394A CA2992394A1 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | Computer implemented method, system and computer program product for simulating the behavior of a knitted fabric at yarn level |
AU2016293202A AU2016293202B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | Computer-implemented method, system and computer program product for simulating the thread behaviour of woven textiles |
JP2017567742A JP2018524724A (ja) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | 編地の挙動を糸レベルでシミュレートするためのコンピュータ実装方法、システム及びコンピュータプログラム製品 |
EP16823932.5A EP3324300A4 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | COMPUTER IMPLEMENTED METHOD, SYSTEM AND COMPUTER PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR SIMULATING THE THREADY BEHAVIOR OF WEBSTUFFS |
SG11201800280SA SG11201800280SA (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | Computer implemented method, system and computer program product for simulating the behavior of a knitted fabric at yarn level |
MX2018000501A MX2018000501A (es) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | Metodo implementado por ordenador, sistema y producto de programa para ordenador para simular el comportamiento de textil tejido a nivel de hilo. |
IL256878A IL256878A (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2018-01-11 | A computer-implemented method, system, and computer software product for simulating the behavior of a knitted fabric at the yarn level |
HK18115415.5A HK1256331A1 (zh) | 2015-07-15 | 2018-12-03 | 用於模擬針織織物在紗線層處的行為的計算機實施方法、系統和計算機程序產品 |
US17/021,988 US11328105B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2020-09-15 | Computer implemented method, system and computer program product for simulating the behavior of a knitted fabric at yarn level |
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ESP201531038 | 2015-07-15 | ||
ES201531038A ES2597173B2 (es) | 2015-07-15 | 2015-07-15 | Método implementado por ordenador, sistema y producto de programa para ordenador para simular el comportamiento de textil tejido a nivel de hilo |
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US15/744,643 A-371-Of-International US10810333B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-15 | Computer implemented method, system and computer program product for simulating the behavior of a knitted fabric at yarn level |
US17/021,988 Continuation US11328105B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2020-09-15 | Computer implemented method, system and computer program product for simulating the behavior of a knitted fabric at yarn level |
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WO2017009514A1 true WO2017009514A1 (es) | 2017-01-19 |
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US (2) | US10810333B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP3324300A4 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2018524724A (es) |
KR (1) | KR101887467B1 (es) |
CN (1) | CN108140015A (es) |
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CN116090201A (zh) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-05-09 | 江苏臻圈科技有限公司 | 少梳经编针织物的仿真方法、装置及系统 |
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JP2020119167A (ja) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-08-06 | 株式会社島精機製作所 | ニットシミュレーション方法及びニットシミュレーションシステム |
JP7204500B2 (ja) | 2019-01-23 | 2023-01-16 | 株式会社島精機製作所 | ニットシミュレーション方法及びニットシミュレーションシステム |
CN116090201A (zh) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-05-09 | 江苏臻圈科技有限公司 | 少梳经编针织物的仿真方法、装置及系统 |
CN116090201B (zh) * | 2022-12-29 | 2024-01-23 | 江苏臻圈科技有限公司 | 少梳经编针织物的仿真方法、装置及系统 |
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KR101887467B1 (ko) | 2018-09-10 |
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US20200410146A1 (en) | 2020-12-31 |
US11328105B2 (en) | 2022-05-10 |
AU2016293202A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
EP3324300A1 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
CN108140015A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
ES2597173B2 (es) | 2017-10-16 |
HK1256331A1 (zh) | 2019-09-20 |
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ES2597173A1 (es) | 2017-01-16 |
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