WO2017001313A1 - Regasification terminal and a method of operating such a regasification terminal - Google Patents

Regasification terminal and a method of operating such a regasification terminal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017001313A1
WO2017001313A1 PCT/EP2016/064782 EP2016064782W WO2017001313A1 WO 2017001313 A1 WO2017001313 A1 WO 2017001313A1 EP 2016064782 W EP2016064782 W EP 2016064782W WO 2017001313 A1 WO2017001313 A1 WO 2017001313A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stream
lng
pressure
gas stream
pressurized
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/064782
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marcel DABKOWSKI
Mees Hidde VAN DEN BERG
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Shell Oil Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V., Shell Oil Company filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Priority to KR1020187000561A priority Critical patent/KR102541670B1/ko
Priority to EP16733435.8A priority patent/EP3314159A1/en
Priority to JP2017568170A priority patent/JP6827964B2/ja
Priority to CN201680038084.5A priority patent/CN107810361B/zh
Publication of WO2017001313A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017001313A1/en
Priority to PH12017502400A priority patent/PH12017502400A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0311—Air heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0316—Water heating
    • F17C2227/0318—Water heating using seawater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
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    • F17C2227/039—Localisation of heat exchange separate on the pipes
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/046—Enhancing energy recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/068—Distribution pipeline networks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a regasification terminal and a method of operating a regasification terminal.
  • Natural gas is a useful fuel source. However, it is often produced a relative large distance away from market. In such cases it may be desirable to liquefy natural gas in an LNG plant at or near the source of a natural gas stream. In the form of LNG natural gas can be stored and transported over long distances more readily than in gaseous form, because it occupies a smaller volume.
  • the LNG is transported by a suitable LNG carrier vessel to a regasification terminal (also referred to as
  • the cold present in the LNG is typically transferred to the ambient via cooling air or cooling water .
  • the LNG Before adding the heat, the LNG is often pressurized to meet the requirements of the gas grid.
  • the gas grid is at a pressure of above 60 bar, e.g. 80 bar.
  • the revaporized natural gas product may then be sold to a customer, suitably via the gas grid.
  • WO2008012286, WO2013186271, WO2013186277 and WO2013186275 describe an apparatus and method for heating a liquefied stream. These documents focus in particular on heat
  • LNG may be produced, transported and stored at different pressures and associated temperatures. It will be understood that the exact combination of pressure and temperature at which natural gas liquefies (the boiling point), depends on the exact composition of the natural gas.
  • Atmospheric LNG is produced at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure, consequently at a temperature close to -162°C. Atmospheric LNG requires a relatively high cooling effort, but has the advantage that the LNG can be transported and stored under atmospheric pressure, minimizing the safety risks and reducing the costs of the storage tanks used for transportation and storage.
  • Pressurized LNG also referred to as cryo compressed LNG
  • ccLNG ccLNG
  • the pressure of pressurized LNG may be above 2 bar or at least above 5 bar.
  • pressurized LNG may be produced at a pressure of 15 - 17 bar at a temperature of approximately -115°C.
  • Pressurized LNG has the advantage that less cooling effort is required making production less energy-consuming.
  • EP2442056 describes a method for producing pressurized liquefied natural gas (PLNG) and a production system
  • CA2550469 provides an example of a fiber reinforced plastic pressure vessel for retaining pressurized and liquefied natural gas.
  • the present invention provides a method of operating a regasification terminal, the method comprising:
  • the one or more storage tanks being at a first pressure
  • the cooling stream may comprise the complete re-gas stream or a portion thereof, i.e. a side-stream thereof.
  • El) and e2) may be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order, including simultaneously. El) and/or e2) may also be performed in any suitable order,
  • the feed stream can be expanded, cooled against the cooling stream and subsequently further expanded.
  • El) preferably comprises expansion-cooling whereby a temperature drop is obtained by expanding, for instance by passing the feed stream through a throttle valve or expander.
  • Expansion-cooling can take place in a single or a plurality of JT valves or expanders.
  • Cooling according to e2) can take place in one or a plurality of (parallel/ serial ) heat exchangers.
  • Expanding comprises reducing the pressure from the second pressure to a lower pressure, typically to the first pressure or to a pressure above the first pressure leaving sufficient overpressure to transport the processed stream to one of the
  • the processed feed stream of LNG typically has a pressure (substantially) equal to the first pressure .
  • the pressurized LNG meets the specifications of (atmospheric) LNG in terms of composition.
  • regasification terminal for regasifying LNG comprising - one or more LNG storage tanks, the one or more storage tanks being at a first pressure
  • a regasifier unit comprising an inlet which is in fluid communication with the one or more LNG storage tanks to receive a re-gas stream of LNG and an outlet for discharging a regasified natural gas stream,
  • processing unit comprising a pressurized LNG inlet for receiving a feed stream of pressurized LNG at a second pressure, the second pressure being greater than the first pressure, the processing unit comprising an expansion device and a heat exchanging unit for processing the feed stream into a processed stream, wherein the processing unit
  • the heat exchanging unit comprises an inlet for receiving a cooling stream to cool the feed stream, the cooling comprising at least a portion of the re-gas stream.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment
  • regasification terminal in which a feed stream of pressurized LNG from a pressurized LNG carrier is received at an
  • atmospheric regasification terminal which is designed and built to store LNG to be regasified at or close to
  • the regasification terminal for regasifying LNG comprises - one or more LNG storage tanks (1), the one or more storage tanks (1) being at a first pressure,
  • a regasifier unit (20) comprising an inlet which is in fluid communication with the one or more LNG storage tanks to receive a re-gas stream (10) of LNG and an outlet for discharging a regasified natural gas stream (30),
  • processing unit (5) comprising a pressurized LNG inlet (6) for receiving a feed stream (40) of pressurized LNG at a second pressure, the second pressure being greater than the first pressure, the processing unit (5) comprising an expansion device (41) and a heat exchanging unit (50) for processing the feed stream (40) into a processed stream (43), wherein the processing unit (5) comprises an outlet (7) which is in fluid communication with one or more LNG storage tanks (1), wherein the heat exchanging unit (50) comprises an inlet for receiving a cooling stream (11) to cool the feed stream (40), the cooling comprising at least a portion of the re-gas stream (10) .
  • the cold energy that is released during regasification at the regasification terminal is not wasted, but at least partially used to cool the pressurized LNG into atmospheric LNG which can be stored in the LNG storage tanks present at the atmospheric regasification terminal.
  • pressurized LNG or ccLNG
  • ccLNG liquid natural gas which is kept at elevated pressures, meaning a pressure greater than 2 bar, preferably greater than 10 bar and more preferably greater than 12 bar.
  • pressurized LNG can be at a pressure in the range of 15 - 17 bar.
  • the temperature of the LNG can be at a pressure in the range of 15 - 17 bar.
  • pressurized LNG is at the boiling temperature for the given pressure, which depends on the composition of the natural gas .
  • atmospheric LNG is used to refer to liquid natural gas which is kept close to, preferably slightly above, atmospheric or ambient pressure.
  • the first pressure is typically in the range of 0.9 - 1.3 bar or 1.0 - 1.3 bar.
  • the first pressure in the storage tanks 1 may be in the range of 50 - 200 mbarg or 100 - 200 mbarg.
  • the term bar is used in this text is used to refer to absolute pressure, where the term barg is used to refer to bar gauge (zero-referenced against the atmospheric pressure) .
  • atmospheric LNG may be increased when being pumped.
  • the feed stream of pressurized LNG is transformed to atmospheric LNG and subsequently stored in an LNG storage tank.
  • the LNG storage tank can be a storage tank that is suitable for storing atmospheric LNG and does not need to be designed to withstand higher pressures.
  • the regasification terminal is thus able to receive and process pressurized LNG without the need of pressurized LNG storage tanks.
  • a regas-stream of LNG is taken from the LNG storage tank and passed to a regasifier unit to produce natural gas at a pressure suitable to feed the regasified natural gas to the gas grid.
  • the feed stream of pressurized LNG is transformed to atmospheric LNG in an energy efficient manner by allowing the feed stream of pressurized LNG to exchange heat with the regas-stream in a heat exchanger and expanding the feed stream of pressurized LNG to atmospheric pressure, thereby achieving a cooling effect.
  • the regas-stream of LNG from the LNG storage tank may be regasified in any suitable regasifier unit, for instance as described in any of the following patent documents:
  • the regas-stream of LNG from the storage tank, or a side-stream thereof may be re-directed through a heat- exchanger in which it is warmed against the feed stream of pressurized LNG, thereby obtaining a warmed re-gas stream, which is passed to the regasifier unit.
  • the warmed re-gas stream may be fed to the regasifier unit at an intermediate point, as less heat is needed to regasify the warmed stream.
  • the feed stream of pressurized LNG is fed to the heat exchanger to be cooled against the (side-stream of the) re- gas stream and expanded to atmospheric pressure to obtain the processed feed stream comprising LNG.
  • the processed feed stream may be passed directly to the (atmospheric) LNG storage tank or may be passed to a gas-liquid separator to obtain a liquid stream which is passed to the LNG storage tank and a gaseous stream which is passed to the LNG storage tank via a re-liquefying unit .
  • Expansion can take place upstream or downstream of the heat exchanger.
  • the proposed method and regas terminal have the advantage that there is no need for additional safety measures or reinforced hardware to process and store pressurized LNG, other than the piping up to the point where the pressure of the pressurized LNG is reduced to the first pressure.
  • Re-gas terminals can now receive pressurized LNG in an efficient and safe way, while at the same time being suitable to receive atmospheric LNG.
  • Existing re-gas terminals having atmospheric LNG storage tanks can be integrated with the pressurized LNG value chain with minimal additional equipment and change of plant design.
  • processing atmospheric LNG can be modified with minimal hardware investments to also be suitable to receive
  • the first pressure is in the range of 0.9 - 1.2 bar, such as ambient or atmospheric pressure and the second pressure is above 2 bar, preferably above 5 bar, and more preferably above 12 bar.
  • the second pressure may for instance be in the range of 15 - 17 bar.
  • the re-gas stream has a temperature equal to the boiling point of the LNG at the first pressure.
  • the feed stream of pressurized LNG has a temperature equal to the boiling point of the pressurized LNG at the second pressure.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a regasification terminal.
  • the regasification terminal comprises a storage tank 1 at a first comprising LNG.
  • a re-gas stream 10 is obtained by using a suitable pump 2.
  • the re-gas stream 10 will therefore have a pressure above the first pressure.
  • the LNG storage tank 1 is in fluid connection with a regasifier unit 20 via a re-gas stream conduit.
  • regasifier unit 20 is arranged to receive the re-gas stream and generate and discharge a regasified natural gas stream 30 and pass the regasified natural gas stream to the gas grid, schematically indicated with reference 31.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a compressor 12 having an inlet arranged to receive the re-gas stream 10 and an outlet to discharge the pressurized re-gas stream 13.
  • the outlet 13 of the compressor 12 is in fluid communication with an inlet of one (or more) re-gasifier heat exchanger 21.
  • the regasifier heat exchanger comprises a first flow path between the inlet of the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 and an outlet of the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 and a second flow path between an ambient inlet and an ambient outlet, such that the first and second flow paths can exchange heat.
  • the ambient stream may be a stream comprising ambient air or a stream comprising water, such as sea water.
  • Bl is preferably performed before b2), as warming against an ambient stream can be done more effectively at a higher pressure.
  • the third pressure is preferably equal to a required output pressure of the regasified natural gas stream 30, such as a gas grid pressure, typically above 60 bar, e.g. 80 bar.
  • the outlet of the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 is in fluid communication with the gas grid 31.
  • Fig. 1 further shows a carrier vessel 60 comprising one or more pressurized LNG storage tanks 61 arranged to comprise pressurized LNG.
  • the carrier vessel 60 is not part of the regasification terminal .
  • the regasification terminal comprises a processing unit 5 comprising a pressurized LNG inlet 6 for receiving a feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG at a second pressure, the second pressure being greater than the first pressure, i.e. the pressure in the storage tank 1.
  • the regasification terminal is arranged to receive the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG at a second pressure from the carrier vessel 60.
  • the processing unit (5) comprises an expansion device (41) and a heat exchanging unit (50) for processing the feed stream (40) into a processed stream (43) .
  • the expansion device 41 such as an expander (shown) or throttle valve (not shown) is arranged to receive the feed stream of pressurized LNG via a pressurized feed conduit 40.
  • the expander 41 has an inlet arranged to receive the feed stream of pressurized LNG at the second pressure and an outlet is arranged to discharge an expanded feed stream 42 and is in fluid communication with an inlet of the heat exchanging unit 50.
  • the heat exchanging unit 50 may comprise one or more (serial/parallel) heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchanging unit 50 comprises an outlet for discharging a processed feed stream 43, which has a lower pressure than the second pressure and has a lower temperature than the temperature of the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG.
  • the outlet of the heat exchanging unit 50 is in fluid communication with the LNG storage tanks 1.
  • a cooling stream 11 is obtained comprising at least a portion of the re-gas stream 10.
  • the cooling stream 11 obtained preferably comprises at least a portion of the pressurized re-gas stream 13 as will be explained in more detail below.
  • pressurized LNG or expanded feed stream 42 are allowed to exchange heat in the heat exchanging unit 50.
  • the cooling stream 11 will typically have a lower temperature than the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG or expanded feed stream 42, the cooling stream 11 will be warmed and the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG or expanded feed stream 42 will be cooled.
  • e2) comprises obtaining a warmed cooling stream 14 and passing the warmed cooling stream 14 to the regasifier unit 20.
  • the warmed cooling stream 14 is obtained at the outlet of the heat exchanging unit 50.
  • the warming duty of the regasifier unit can be reduced while maintaining a similar output rate or the output rate of the regasifier unit can be increased with a similar warming duty.
  • the warmed cooling stream 14 is introduced in the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 at an intermediate position.
  • the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 comprises an inlet for the pressurized re-gas stream 13' and an outlet for the regasified natural gas stream 30 and an intermediate inlet 23 for receiving the warmed cooling stream 14.
  • exchanger 21 comprises two or more re-gasifier sub-heat exchangers placed in series, wherein the intermediate inlet 23 is positioned in between two adjacent sub heat exchangers.
  • the warming duty of the re-gasifier heat exchanger 21 may be lowered or the throughput may be increased, or a combination of both.
  • the cooling stream 11 is generated by splitting the re-gas stream 10 in a side-stream of the re-gas stream 13'', in particular a side-stream of the pressurized re-gas stream (13) as obtained in b2), and a remainder of the re-gas stream 13', in particular a remainder of the pressurized re-gas stream 13.
  • the side-stream 13'' may be obtained by splitting off a portion of the (pressurized) re-gas stream 13.
  • the portion or flow rate of the side-stream 13'' may, among other factors, depend on the flow rate of the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG, the temperature and pressure of the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG, the efficiency of the cooling of the feed stream 40 against the cooling stream 11 etc.
  • the side-stream may be at least at 10% of the re-gas stream 10, at least 25% of the re-gas stream, at least 50% or at least 75% of the re- gas stream. According to an embodiment, the side-stream is more than 95% of the re-gas stream or even 100% of the re-gas stream.
  • the method may comprise controlling the flow rate of the side-stream 13'' in response to one or more of these factors.
  • the side-stream is preferably obtained from in between bl) and b2) .
  • a remainder of the pressurized re-gas stream 13' is passed to the regasifier heat exchanger 21.
  • the warmed re-gas stream can therefore be introduced in the regasifier unit at an intermediate position, for instance halfway a heat exchanger in which it is warmed against an ambient stream.
  • g takes place at an upstream position of a regasifier heat exchanger 21 in the regasifier unit 20.
  • the upstream position includes the inlet of the
  • the regasifier unit can be operated at a lower capacity while maintaining the same output rate.
  • the processed feed stream 43 may be directly passed to the at least one of the LNG storage tanks 1 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the term directly is used here to indicate that no further substantial processing steps are performed in between. This may be preferred when the processed feed stream comprises no gaseous fraction or a gaseous fraction below a predetermined threshold fraction.
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative embodiment wherein f) comprises
  • This embodiment may be advantageous when the processed feed stream 43 has a relatively low liquid fraction.
  • the gas-liquid separator or gas-vapour separator 47 may be any suitable separator, such as a knock-out vessel or the like.
  • C)-f) can be executed when a supply of pressurized LNG at a second pressure is available and interrupted when no supply of pressurized LNG at a second pressure is available.
  • the feed stream 40 of pressurized LNG at a second pressure may be received from a carrier vessel 60.
  • C) - f) are only executed when a loaded carrier vessel is present and connected to the regasification terminal. In case the carrier vessel is not connected, does not comprise any pressurized LNG at the second pressure or no carrier vessel is present, c) - f) are interrupted and the regasification terminal is operated by executing a) - b) only.
  • c) - f) are optional.
  • a) comprises controlling a flow rate of the re-gas stream 10 by
  • regasified can be increased, as part of the warming duty is obtained from the pressurized LNG.
  • According to an embodiment b) comprises controlling a warming duty of the regasifier unit by
  • the warming duty can for instance be controlled by controlling a flow rate of the ambient stream 22 in the re- gasifier heat exchanger 21.
  • the regasifier unit When a feed stream of pressurized LNG at a second pressure is being received, the regasifier unit can be operated more efficiently and the warming duty can be lowered, as part of the warming duty is obtained from the pressurized LNG .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
PCT/EP2016/064782 2015-06-29 2016-06-27 Regasification terminal and a method of operating such a regasification terminal WO2017001313A1 (en)

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KR1020187000561A KR102541670B1 (ko) 2015-06-29 2016-06-27 재기화 터미널 및 이러한 재기화 터미널을 작동시키는 방법
EP16733435.8A EP3314159A1 (en) 2015-06-29 2016-06-27 Regasification terminal and a method of operating such a regasification terminal
JP2017568170A JP6827964B2 (ja) 2015-06-29 2016-06-27 再ガス化ターミナル及びそのような再ガス化ターミナルを動作させる方法
CN201680038084.5A CN107810361B (zh) 2015-06-29 2016-06-27 再气化端和操作此类再气化端的方法
PH12017502400A PH12017502400A1 (en) 2015-06-29 2017-12-21 Regasification terminal and a method of operating such a regasification terminal

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MA42241A (fr) 2018-05-02
JP2018520318A (ja) 2018-07-26
KR102541670B1 (ko) 2023-06-08
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JP6827964B2 (ja) 2021-02-10
PH12017502400A1 (en) 2018-07-02

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