WO2016208987A1 - 반사편광자 및 이를 포함하는 백라이트 유닛 - Google Patents
반사편광자 및 이를 포함하는 백라이트 유닛 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016208987A1 WO2016208987A1 PCT/KR2016/006677 KR2016006677W WO2016208987A1 WO 2016208987 A1 WO2016208987 A1 WO 2016208987A1 KR 2016006677 W KR2016006677 W KR 2016006677W WO 2016208987 A1 WO2016208987 A1 WO 2016208987A1
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- light
- reflective polarizer
- transmittance
- wavelength range
- polarized light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0056—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reflective polarizer and a backlight unit including the same. More specifically, the incident light is normalized or non-incident in which light is incident by minimizing mismatch of refractive indexes in a specific uniaxial direction regardless of whether the light is incident or not. Irrespective of the irradiance of the desired polarization within the visible wavelength range, the light transmitted through the reflective polarizer does not deviate in a specific wavelength range, and thus the appearance is iridescent and is not colorful or exhibits a specific color.
- the present invention relates to a reflective polarizer and a backlight unit including the same, which are capable of expressing excellent and uniform luminance over the entire visible wavelength range without causing bias in any particular wavelength band as the reflectivity of undesired polarization is remarkably large.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- PDP plasma display
- FED field emission display
- ELD electroluminescent display
- liquid crystal displays arrange a liquid crystal and an electrode matrix between a pair of light absorbing optical films.
- the liquid crystal portion has an optical state that is changed accordingly by moving the liquid crystal portion by an electric field generated by applying a voltage to two electrodes. This process displays an image of a 'pixel' carrying information using polarization in a specific direction.
- liquid crystal displays include a front optical film and a back optical film that induce polarization.
- the optical film used in such a liquid crystal display does not necessarily have high utilization efficiency of light irradiated from the backlight. This is because more than 50% of the light irradiated from the backlight is absorbed by the back side optical film (absorption type polarizing film). Therefore, in order to increase utilization efficiency of backlight light in a liquid crystal display, a reflective polarizing film may be provided between the optical cavity and the liquid crystal assembly.
- the reflective polarizer prevents optical degradation due to light loss, and at the same time, the reflective polarizer is slimmed down to the thickness of the slimming display panel, and continuous research is conducted to simplify the manufacturing process, minimize defects in the manufacturing process, and improve productivity and economy. Is going on.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing the optical principle of a conventional reflective polarizer. Specifically, P-polarized light from the optical cavity to the liquid crystal assembly passes through the reflective polarizer to the liquid crystal assembly, and S-polarized light is reflected from the reflective polarizer to the optical cavity, and then the polarization direction of the light is diffused on the diffuse reflection surface of the optical cavity. It is reflected in a randomized state and is transmitted back to the reflective polarizer, so that S-polarized light is converted into P-polarized light that can pass through the polarizer of the liquid crystal assembly, and then passed through the reflective polarizer to be transferred to the liquid crystal assembly.
- the selective reflection of S-polarized light and the transmission of P-polarized light with respect to the incident light of the reflective polarizer are characterized by the optical thickness setting of each optical layer according to the stretching process of the optical layer, the refractive index change of the optical layer and the optical anisotropy according to the refractive index change.
- the refractive index difference between the layer and the optical layer having an isotropic refractive index is made at the interface of each optical layer.
- the light incident as the reflective polarizer repeats the reflection of S-polarized light and the transmission of P-polarized light through each optical layer, and eventually only the P-polarized light of the incident polarized light is transmitted to the liquid crystal assembly.
- the reflected S-polarized light is reflected in a state in which the polarization state is randomized at the diffuse reflection surface of the optical cavity and is transmitted to the reflective polarizer again. As a result, power loss can be reduced together with the loss of light generated from the light source.
- the stretching of the optical layer causes a difference in refractive index between adjacent optical layers, and the stretching is generally performed in any one axis direction among the X, Y, and Z axes in space, and the other two unstretched processes are performed.
- the refractive index hardly changes.
- the refractive indices of the other two axes which are not stretched do not necessarily change, when the refractive index difference between the two axes is 0.06 or less, it is generally regarded as a match, and when the difference is longer than that, it is regarded as a mismatch.
- the occurrence of mismatches due to the difference in refractive index between the two unstretched axes has a problem of decreasing the transmittance of the desired polarization to be transmitted in the reflective polarizer or increasing the transmittance of the undesired polarization.
- the decrease in the transmittance of the desired polarization may be reduced overall in the visible wavelength range
- the conventionally studied and developed reflective polarizers have reduced the transmittance of the desired polarization in the specific wavelength range among the visible wavelength range
- Reduction of the transmittance of the polarization of the polarization of the other wavelength range that is not reduced transmittance by making the relatively high appearance of the reflecting polarizer has a problem of implementing the color of the wavelength range of the relatively high transmittance.
- a significant decrease in transmittance in the 450-500 nm wavelength range which corresponds to blue light, increases the appearance of the reflective polarizer by relatively increasing the transmission of yellow (wavelength range 570-590 nm) or red (610-700 nm) with no decrease in transmittance. There was a problem that made it look yellow or red.
- the above-mentioned problem is particularly remarkable for light incident on a non-normal line with respect to the reflective polarizer. Due to this problem, color control of the display is very difficult, and color of the display is very poor.
- a decrease in transmittance of light in a specific wavelength range may cause a problem such as a decrease in luminance by reducing a desired polarization reaching the liquid crystal assembly.
- the reflective polarizer according to Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-0029721 discloses an embodiment that solves a problem caused by a decrease in transmittance for polarized light in a specific wavelength range as described above.
- the embodiment of the present invention significantly lowers the transmittance of the desired polarization in the wavelength range of 600 to 700 nm, thereby increasing the transmittance of the blue and / or yellow relatively to prevent the appearance of the reflective polarizer from being red.
- the red appearance is prevented and the appearance is still blue or yellow, and the increase in the light transmittance in the wavelength range of a particular color still does not solve the color control difficulty of the display.
- the transmittance / reflectance tends to be different in the visible light band according to normal incident light and non-normal incident light. There was a problem manifested.
- FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating a transmittance spectrum of polarized light (P wave) with respect to a 60 ° incidence angle of a reflective polarizer according to one embodiment, and minimizes transmittance of 610 to 700 nm corresponding to red in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm. It can be seen that by dropping to 40%, the reflection of red polarized light is relatively reduced, and the reflection polarizer is prevented from appearing red by increasing the transmission of light having a different wavelength range. However, the appearance of the reflective polarizer showing the wavelength-specific transmittance spectrum as shown in FIG. 1 may appear to have a specific color blue or yellow, so that color control difficulties of the display still exist.
- the transmittance is noticeably lowered to less than 80% except about 450nm, such a decrease in transmittance decreases the intensity of P polarized light reaching the liquid crystal display There may be a problem that the brightness of the display is significantly reduced.
- the S-polarized light which corresponds to c of FIG. 1, which represents the transmittance of polarization parallel to the extinction axis at the time of normal incidence
- the reflectance is excellent in the other wavelength range
- the reflectance is remarkably lowered
- the reflectivity is not uniform in the wavelength band
- the specific wavelength band has a problem that the brightness is significantly lowered and the color modulation phenomenon is more difficult to control.
- the polarized light transmitted through the reflective polarizer is transmitted uniformly without biasing to a specific wavelength range, regardless of whether it is normal or non-normally incident light to the reflective polarizer, thereby not exhibiting a specific color or iridescent appearance.
- reflective polarizers that are easier to control and exhibit uniform and excellent luminance in the visible wavelength range.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the mismatch of refractive indices in a specific uniaxial direction is minimized regardless of whether normal or non-normal incidence of light is uniform, so that the transmittance of the polarized light in the visible wavelength range is uniform. Since the light transmitted through the reflective polarizer is not biased in a specific wavelength range, the appearance is iridescent and colorful or does not exhibit a specific color, and a high transmittance of the desired polarization is realized in the entire wavelength range of visible light.
- the remarkably large reflecting polarizer and backlight including the same can be used to realize a display that is easy to adjust color in all visible wavelength ranges and is excellent in color and exhibits excellent and uniform luminance without being biased in a specific wavelength range. To provide a unit.
- this invention is the reflection polarizer which transmits the 1st polarization parallel to a transmission axis, and reflects the 2nd polarization parallel to the extinction axis, Comprising: The said 2nd according to the light beam whose incidence angle is 45 degrees.
- the reflectance in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm with respect to the polarized light is 85% or more, and the reflectance change rate according to Equation 1 is 0.05% / nm in the 450 to 780 nm wavelength range of the second polarized light according to the light having an incident angle of 45 °.
- the reflective polarizer characterized in that 0.03% / nm is provided.
- ⁇ 1 is 450 nm
- R 1 represents a second polarized light reflectance at ⁇ 1
- ⁇ 2 is 780 nm
- R 2 represents a second polarized light reflectance at ⁇ 2 .
- the second polarized light according to the light having an incident angle of 45 ° has a visible light uniformity of uniformity of 5% or less in the wavelength range of 480 to 580 nm, and a visible light uniformity in the wavelength range of 580 to 780 nm. May be 6% or less.
- the second polarized light according to the light having an incident angle of 45 ° has a reflectance of 94 to 96% at a wavelength of 480 nm, a reflectance of 92 to 94% at a wavelength of 580 nm, and a reflectance of 88 at a wavelength of 680 nm.
- ⁇ 91%, reflectance may be 85 ⁇ 87% at 780nm wavelength.
- the first polarization according to the light beam having an incident angle of 45 ° may have a transmittance of 72% or more in the wavelength range of 450 to 780 nm.
- the reflectance of the second polarized light at the same wavelength as the wavelength of the first polarized light having the lowest transmittance among the first polarized light transmittance according to the wavelength range may be 95% or more.
- the first polarization according to the light having an incident angle of 45 ° has a visible light transmission uniformity of 8% or less in the wavelength range of 480 ⁇ 580nm, visible light in the wavelength range of 580 ⁇ 780nm
- the transmission uniformity may be 5% or less.
- the reflective polarizer is a substrate; And a plurality of dispersions dispersed in the substrate.
- the plurality of dispersions may be randomly dispersed in the substrate.
- At least two of the plurality of dispersions may have a different cross-sectional area.
- the reflective polarizer is a plurality of dispersions are dispersed in the substrate, the plurality of dispersions may be randomly dispersed without forming a group or layer inside the substrate by thickness have.
- the present invention is a reflection polarizer that transmits the first polarization parallel to the transmission axis, and reflects the second polarization parallel to the extinction axis, 450 ⁇ 780nm with respect to the first polarization
- the reflective polarizer is characterized in that the difference between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance in the wavelength range is 20% or less, and preferably, the difference between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance may be 15% or less.
- the present invention provides a reflection polarizer that transmits a first polarization parallel to the transmission axis and reflects a second polarization parallel to the extinction axis.
- the difference between the first transmittance (%) at 580 nm of the first funnel and the second transmittance (%) at 580 nm of the first polarization according to the light having an incident angle of 45 ° is 8% or less. to provide.
- the reflective polarizer has a third transmittance (%) at 450 nm of the first funnel according to a light beam having an incident angle of 90 °, and the first polarized light according to a light beam having an incident angle of 45 °.
- the difference from the fourth transmittance (%) at 450 nm may be 5% or less.
- the reflective polarizer has a fifth transmittance (%) at 780 nm of the first funnel according to a light beam having an incident angle of 90 ° and the first polarized light according to a light beam having an incident angle of 45 °.
- the difference with the sixth transmittance (%) at 780 nm may be 5% or less.
- the present invention provides a backlight unit including a reflective polarizer according to the present invention.
- the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device including a backlight unit according to the present invention in order to solve the above problems.
- the term "finally" used in describing the polarization in the present invention does not mean only the physical properties measured by the intrinsic properties of the reflective polarizer itself, for example, the transmittance of the first polarized light through one light incidence, The second polarized light reflected and lost after incidence is assumed to be reentrant into the reflective polarizer and to assume both light modulation and transmission of the reflective polarizer with the first polarized light.
- the reflective polarizer according to the present invention does not select normal or non-normal incidence of light and minimizes mismatch in refractive index in a specific uniaxial direction, so that the light passing through the reflective polarizer is specific as the transmittance of the desired polarization within the visible wavelength range is uniform. It is not biased in the wavelength range, and the appearance is not colorful or iridescent. At the same time, the transmittance of the desired polarization is realized in the entire wavelength range of visible light, and the reflectance of the undesired polarization is remarkably large. It is possible to realize a display that is easy to control color, remarkably excellent in color, and expresses excellent and uniform luminance without being biased.
- 1 is a graph showing the transmittance of P-polarized light transmitted through a 60 ° non-normal incident to a conventional reflective polarizer according to a wavelength.
- 2 to 5 are transmission spectrums for respective wavelengths of the first polarization and the second polarization according to the light having an incident angle of 45 ° according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a random scattering reflective polarizer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction of the dispersion used for the random scattering reflective polarizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a reflective polarizer included in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a coat-hanger die which is a kind of flow control unit which can be preferably applied to the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a liquid crystal display device employing a reflective polarizer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view illustrating the manufacturing process of the plate-shaped polymer dispersed reflective polarizer according to the comparative example of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of an island-in-the-sea extrusion mold according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a plate-shaped polymer dispersed reflection polarizer according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is an exploded perspective view of a slit-type extrusion mold for manufacturing a multilayer reflective polarizer according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view of a slit-type extrusion mold for producing a multilayer reflective polarizer according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a multilayer reflective polarizer according to a comparative example of the present invention.
- the conventionally studied and developed reflective polarizers have reduced the transmittance of the desired polarization in the specific wavelength range among the visible wavelength range, and the decrease in the transmittance in the specific wavelength range reduces the transmittance of the other wavelength range polarization in which the transmittance is not reduced.
- the decrease in the transmittance in the specific wavelength range reduces the transmittance of the other wavelength range polarization in which the transmittance is not reduced.
- color control defects have a problem of accelerating color defects not only with a remarkable difference in transmittance for each wavelength band of a desired polarization, but also with a remarkable difference in reflectance of an undesired polarization for each wavelength band.
- the decrease in the transmittance of light in a specific wavelength range causes problems such as a decrease in luminance by reducing a desired polarization reaching the liquid crystal assembly.
- the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a reflective polarizer that transmits a first polarization parallel to the transmission axis and reflects a second polarization parallel to the extinction axis, in a wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm with respect to the second polarization.
- the reflectance of is 85% or more, and in the 450 ⁇ 780nm wavelength range of the second polarized light to reflect the above-mentioned problem by providing a reflecting polarizer, characterized in that the reflectance change rate of 0.05% / nm or less was sought to solve the problem .
- the reflective polarizer minimizes mismatch in refractive index in a specific uniaxial direction, and thus transmits the reflective polarizer as the transmittance of the desired polarization in the visible wavelength range is uniform. Since the light does not deviate in a specific wavelength range, the appearance is not colorful or iridescent with iridescent light, and the reflectivity of undesired polarization is remarkably large, so it is easy to adjust the color in the entire visible wavelength range without biasing any specific wavelength range. In addition, the color is remarkably excellent and excellent and uniform luminance can be expressed.
- the reflective polarizer of the first embodiment of the present invention Before describing the reflective polarizer of the first embodiment of the present invention in detail, the first polarized light transmitted by the reflective polarizer and the second polarized light reflected by the reflective polarizer will be described in detail.
- the magnitude of the substantial coincidence or discrepancy of the reflective polarizer refractive indices along the X, Y and Z axes in space affects the degree of scattering of the polarized light along that axis.
- the scattering power varies in proportion to the square of the refractive index mismatch.
- the greater the degree of mismatch in refractive index along a particular axis the more strongly scattered light polarized along that axis.
- the mismatch along a particular axis is small, the light polarized along that axis is scattered to a lesser extent.
- the refractive index of the isotropic material of the reflective polarizer along a certain axis is substantially coincident with the refractive index of the anisotropic material, incident light polarized by an electric field parallel to this axis passes through the reflective polarizer without scattering. More specifically, the first polarized light (P wave) is transmitted without being affected by the birefringent interface formed at the boundary between the isotropic material and the anisotropic material, but the second polarized light (S wave) is formed at the boundary between the isotropic material and the anisotropic material. The modulation of the light occurs due to the birefringent interface.
- the P wave is transmitted and the S wave is modulated by light scattering, reflection, and the like, resulting in separation of polarized light, and the first polarized light (P wave) passes through the reflective polarizer and is usually located above the reflective polarizer.
- the display is reached.
- the reflective polarizer transmits one polarization and reflects the other polarization, the transmitted polarization is polarized parallel to the transmission axis, and the reflected polarization is polarized parallel to the extinction axis.
- the distance through which light passes through different media having different refractive indices of the reflective polarizer increases as the angle of incident light, that is, the angle away from the normal incidence increases.
- the transmittance in the visible light wavelength range for the first polarization and the second polarization polarized parallel to the transmission axis is varied according to the incident angle of the incident light, and the first polarized light and the 2 polarized light has a specific transmittance spectrum for each wavelength.
- the change in the transmittance spectrum for each wavelength of the first polarized light every time the incident angle is changed is related to the appearance of the above-described reflective polarizer having a specific color or rainbow light depending on the incident angle, and the luminance according to the viewing angle.
- the reflective polarizer expresses a constant transmittance spectrum for each wavelength of the first polarization irrespective of the incident angle, and expresses a reflectance spectrum for each wavelength of the second polarization constant regardless of the incident angle. .
- the reflective polarizer exhibits a uniform transmittance in the visible light wavelength range or includes a wavelength in which the transmittance rapidly decreases in the spectrum in the transmission spectrum for each wavelength of the first polarization according to a specific incident angle
- the wavelength is smaller than the visible light. It is very preferable to be located in an ultraviolet region) or a large region (infrared region), and at least the wavelength is preferably located in the vicinity of visible light and ultraviolet light or in the vicinity of visible light and infrared light.
- a backlight unit for a display typically includes a reflecting plate (or film) under the reflective polarizer for improving luminance, and the reflecting plate reflects the second polarized light reflected by the reflective polarizer and reflects the reflected polarizer. And serves to allow the second polarized light which is finally re-incident to be incident to the first polarized light through the reflective polarizer.
- the difference in the second polarized light reflectance for each particular wavelength within the visible wavelength range is large, the difference in the amount of light of the second polarized light re-incident into the reflective polarizer is large, and the second polarized light is modulated into the first polarized light for each wavelength band.
- a color modulation phenomenon may occur as it causes a difference in the amount of first polarized light for each wavelength band passing through the reflective polarizer.
- the reflective polarizer is ultimately passed through the other configuration of the article to which the reflective polarizer is applied.
- the variation in the amount of light of the first polarized light that is transmitted becomes sharp and thus color modulation may occur.
- the present invention has a very high reflectivity in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm for the second polarized light according to the light having an incident angle of 45 °, which is 85% or more. Can be improved.
- the 450 ⁇ 780nm wavelength range of the second polarized light according to the light beam having an incident angle of 45 ° has a very uniform reflectance in the visible light wavelength band as the reflectance change rate according to the following equation 1 is 0.05% / nm or less, It enables very excellent color modulation control, and the color of the display can be realized remarkably excellent without any particular color appearing biased.
- FIG. 2 is a view illustrating wavelength-specific transmittance spectra of first and second polarizations according to light having an incident angle of 45 ° according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the polarization rate according to the light beam having an incident angle of 45 ° the spectrum (b) shows the transmittance of the first polarization according to the light beam having an incident angle of 45 °, and the spectrum (c) the second according to the light beam having an incident angle of 45 °
- the transmittance (or reflectance) of polarized light is shown.
- the reflectance of the second polarized light in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm according to the light having an incident angle of 45 ° is the lowest at about 780 nm, and the visible light wavelength of 380 to 780 nm as the reflectance is about 86%. It can be seen that the reflectance of the second polarized light in the region is 85% or more, and thus there is a great possibility of reducing the light loss and recompensating the luminance.
- the first embodiment according to the present invention has a reflectance change rate of 0.05% / nm or less, more preferably 0.03%, in the wavelength range of 450 to 780 nm of the second polarization according to the light having an incident angle of 45 °.
- the reflectance difference is very small for each wavelength below / nm, which can prevent the reflective polarizer from having a specific color or a very bright glow, improving color modulation control, and enabling better color display on the display. Can be.
- ⁇ 1 is 450 nm
- R 1 represents a second polarized light reflectance at ⁇ 1
- ⁇ 2 is 780 nm
- R 2 represents a second polarized light reflectance at ⁇ 2 .
- the reflectance change rate of the reflecting polarizer is a parameter for estimating the reflectance change of the second polarized light in a predetermined visible light wavelength region, particularly from 450 to 780 nm, which is a wavelength range from blue to red, and the reflectance change rate is smaller at a specific wavelength.
- the reflectance fluctuations of which the reflectance increases or decreases significantly are small, so that the appearance of the reflecting polarizer may not exhibit a specific color, and the transmittance for each wavelength band of the first polarized light may be uniform at a high level.
- the reflectance change rate refers to the slope of the straight line l of FIG. 2.
- the slope of the straight line l satisfies about 0.026% / nm
- the reflectance change rate is very small, and thus the reflectance deviation of the second polarized light by wavelength is very small, and thus the color modulation control is very excellent. You can expect.
- the second polarized light according to the light having an incident angle of 45 ° may have a visible light reflection uniformity of 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less in a wavelength range of 480 to 580 nm, and a visible light reflection uniformity in a wavelength range of 580 to 780 nm. May be less than or equal to 7%. Accordingly, reflectance fluctuation is minimized, and the reflectance of the second polarization may be constant even in a wide wavelength range.
- the visible light uniformity reflects a difference between a reflectance maximum value and a minimum value of the second polarized light in a predetermined wavelength range of the visible light wavelength range. As the visible light uniformity is higher, the transmittance of a predetermined visible light incident angle wavelength range is eventually uniform, so that the appearance of the reflective polarizer with respect to non-normals is closer to white without biasing any color.
- Figure 3 is written as shown a first wavelength-specific transmittance spectrum for the polarization and the second polarization according to a preferred the light incident angle is 45 ° according to the embodiment of the present invention, in Figure 3 480nm ( ⁇ 1) ⁇
- the reflectance of the second polarized light in the 580 nm ( ⁇ 2 ) wavelength range is about 93% for the minimum value (R 2 ) and about 95% for the maximum value (R 1 ), so that visible light of the first polarized light in the wavelength range is Transmission uniformity (alpha) is 2% and the transmission uniformity is very excellent.
- the reflectance of the second polarized light in Fig. 3 at 580nm ( ⁇ 2) ⁇ 780nm ( ⁇ 3) wavelength range is a minimum value (R 3) is in accordance with an about 87%, the maximum value (R 2) will be approximately 93%
- the visible light uniformity ⁇ of the first polarized light in the wavelength range is 6%, and the transmission uniformity is very excellent, and thus the reflecting polarizer according to FIG. 3 reflects the uniformity of reflection of the second visible light beam within the wavelength range of 480 to 780 nm. As it is within 10% to 8%, the physical properties may be excellent.
- the reflective polarizer according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention has a reflectance of 94 to 96% at a wavelength of 480 nm, a reflectance of 92 to 94% at a wavelength of 580 nm, and a wavelength of 680 nm at a wavelength of 480 nm.
- the reflectance may be 88 to 91% and the reflectance may be 85 to 88% at the 780nm wavelength, the trend can be seen better through the reflective polarizer of FIG. Referring to the reflectances of the second polarized light for each wavelength in FIG. 3, the reflectance decreases from 480 nm to 780 nm, but the variation rate in which the reflectance decreases is small. It can be seen that it is suitable for expressing the desired physical properties because the transmittance is excellent at the same time with little variation in the reflectance without including the deterioration section.
- the first polarized light according to the light beam having an incident angle of 45 ° has a transmittance of 72% or more in the wavelength range of 450 to 780 nm, so that the first polarized light transmittance of the reflective polarizer is high and excellent luminance is realized.
- the reflectance of the second polarized light at the same wavelength as the wavelength of the first polarized light having the lowest transmittance among the first polarized light transmittances according to the wavelength range is significantly higher than 95%, so that the transmittance of the first polarized light is Since the first polarized light that is recompensated through the second polarized light reflected at the first wavelength corresponding to this minimum value is likely to increase significantly, the luminance at the first wavelength may be significantly improved.
- FIG. 4 is a view illustrating transmittance spectra of wavelengths for first and second polarizations according to light rays having an incidence angle of 45 ° according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the first polarized light has a minimum transmittance of about 76% at 450 nm ( ⁇ 4 ) in the wavelength range of 450 to 780 nm, whereas the second polarized light reflectance at a wavelength ( ⁇ 4 ) corresponding to the minimum transmittance is very high as about 96%. Eventually, less light is lost and can transmit the first uniform polarized light at all visible wavelengths.
- the sum of the first polarized light transmittance and the second polarized light reflectance at a specific wavelength may be constant in the visible light wavelength range.
- the transmittance of the first polarized light (about 80%) and The sum of reflectance (about 95%) of the second polarization is about 175%
- the sum of the transmittance (about 86%) of the first polarization and the reflectance (about 93%) of the second polarization at 580 nm is about 179%
- 780 nm As the sum of the transmittance of the first polarization (about 90%) and the reflectance of the second polarization (about 87%) is about 177%
- the sum of the transmittance of the first polarization and the reflectance of the second polarization is similar.
- the transmittance of wavelengths of the first polarized light in the visible wavelength band can be similar, thereby making the reflected polarizer of the non-normal incidence angle closer to white without biasing any color.
- the reflective polarizer according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is the first polarization according to the light beam having an incident angle of 45 ° is visible light transmission uniformity of 8% or less in the wavelength range of 480 ⁇ 580nm, visible in the wavelength range of 580 ⁇ 780nm Light transmission uniformity may be 5% or less.
- the visible light transmittance uniformity means a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the transmittance of the first polarized light in a predetermined wavelength range of the visible light wavelength range. As the visible light transmittance uniformity increases, the transmittance of the predetermined visible light wavelength range is uniform, so that the appearance of the reflective polarizer with respect to the non-normal incidence angle is closer to white without biasing any color.
- Figure 5 is a first polarization and a second write illustrates a wavelength-specific transmittance spectrum of the polarized light, in Fig. 5 480nm ( ⁇ 1) ⁇ according to the light incidence angle is 45 ° according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention
- the transmittance of the first polarized light in the 580 nm ( ⁇ 2 ) wavelength range is about 80% for the minimum value T 1 and about 86% for the maximum value T 2 , so that visible light of the first polarized light in the wavelength range is Transmission uniformity (gamma) is 6%, and it can be confirmed that transmission uniformity is very excellent.
- the reflective polarizer of the second embodiment of the present invention transmits the first polarized light parallel to the transmission axis and reflects the second polarized light parallel to the extinction axis, wherein the first polarized light has an incident angle of 45 °.
- the difference between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance in the wavelength range of 450 to 780 nm may be 20% or less, and preferably, the difference between the maximum and minimum transmittances may be 15% or less.
- the transmittance is different for each wavelength, and thus the luminance may be different for each wavelength, and the color of the wavelength representing a relatively strong luminance may be strongly expressed, so that color control may be performed as desired. There may be a problem that can not implement the desired physical properties.
- the maximum transmittance in the wavelength range of 450 to 780 nm is 90% transmittance when the wavelength is 780 nm, and the minimum transmittance is 76% when the wavelength is 450 nm. Is only 14%, the transmittance is very uniform in the 450 ⁇ 780nm wavelength range, considering the first polarization that can be compensated by the second polarization reflected in the wavelength range, the first polarization is the wavelength range At each wavelength can be expected to express a very similar transmittance, through which may be possible to better brightness, color control.
- the reflective polarizer of the third embodiment according to the present invention is a reflective polarizer that transmits a first polarization parallel to a transmission axis and reflects a second polarization parallel to an extinction axis, wherein the first polarized light has an incident angle of 90 °.
- the difference between the first transmittance (%) at 580 nm and the second transmittance (%) at 580 nm of the first polarization according to the light having an incident angle of 45 ° may be 8% or less.
- the difference between the first transmittance and the second transmittance of 8% or less may be very wide as the difference in transmittance in a specific wavelength range (580 nm) is less than 8% even if the angle of light incident on the reflective polarizer is different.
- the difference in transmittance may be a difference within 5%, more preferably 3%, even more preferably 1%.
- the reflective polarizer preferably has a third transmittance (%) at 450 nm of the first funnel according to a light beam having an angle of incidence of 90 ° and a fourth transmittance at 450 nm of light of the first polarization according to a light beam having an incident angle of 45 ° ( %) May satisfy 5% or less, more preferably the fifth transmittance (%) at 780 nm of the first funnel according to the light beam having an incident angle of 90 ° and the light beam having an incident angle of 45 °.
- the difference from the sixth transmittance (%) at 780 nm of the first polarization may be 5% or less, the first polarization transmittance at a specific wavelength band in the wavelength range of 450 to 780 nm is uniform regardless of the incident angle of the incident light. It can be seen that it is very suitable to implement the physical properties.
- the reflective polarizer of FIG. 2 which can satisfy the transmittance of the first polarization and the reflectance of the second polarization according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention, is preferably a substrate; And a plurality of dispersions dispersed and contained in the substrate, and more preferably, the dispersion may be a random dispersion reflective polarizer randomly dispersed in the substrate. Since the dispersion should form a birefringent interface with the substrate to cause a light modulation effect, when the substrate is optically isotropic, the dispersion may have birefringence and conversely, when the substrate has optical birefringence The dispersion may have optical isotropy.
- the refractive index of the dispersion is nX 1 in the x-axis direction
- the refractive index in the y-axis direction is nY 1 and the refractive index in the z-axis direction is nZ 1
- the refractive index of the substrate is nX 2 , nY 2 and nZ 2
- In-plane birefringence between nX 1 and nY 1 may occur.
- At least one of the X, Y, and Z axis refractive indices of the substrate and the dispersion may be different, and more preferably, the difference in refractive index with respect to the Y and Z axis directions is 0.05 or less when the extension axis is the X axis.
- the difference in refractive index with respect to the X-axis direction may be 0.1 or more. On the other hand, if the difference in refractive index is 0.05 or less, it is usually interpreted as a match.
- the plurality of dispersions may have a suitable optical thickness in the visible wavelength range in order to transmit the first polarized light, and to reflect the second undesired polarized light, and may have a thickness variation within an appropriate range.
- the optical thickness means n (refractive index)> d (physical thickness).
- the wavelength and the optical thickness of the light is defined according to the following equation (1).
- ⁇ 4nd, where ⁇ is the wavelength of light (nm), n is the refractive index, and d is the physical thickness (nm)
- the average optical thickness of the dispersion when the average optical thickness of the dispersion is 150nm, it will be able to reflect the second polarized light of 600nm wavelength by the relation 1, and in this principle, when adjusting the optical thickness of each of the plurality of dispersions, the desired wavelength range, in particular visible It is possible to significantly increase the reflectance of the second polarization in the light wavelength range.
- the reflective polarizer capable of expressing the physical properties as shown in FIG. 2 is preferably at least two of the plurality of dispersions may have a different cross-sectional area in a direction in which the dispersion is extended, and thereby the cross-sectional diameter of the dispersion. (Which corresponds to the optical thickness) may be different to reflect the second polarized light having a wavelength corresponding to the optical thickness, and when the polymer having the optical thickness corresponding to each wavelength of the visible light is included, the second corresponding to the visible light region Polarization can be reflected.
- a plurality of dispersions are dispersed in the substrate, and the plurality of dispersions may be randomly dispersed without forming a group or layer in the substrate by thickness.
- the thickness of each layer is manufactured by constructing at least 300 layers so as to cover all visible light wavelength ranges.
- the distance at which incident light travels through the medium during non-normal incidence and normal incidence is changed, and accordingly, control of the second polarization parallel to the reflection axis may not be easy.
- the conventional multilayer reflective polarizer is formed by grouping the multilayer into two to four layers by thickness and stacking them in the specific wavelength region which becomes a problem.
- permeability of 1st polarization and 2nd polarization is controlled.
- the transmittance control is not uniformly uniform for the second polarization at all wavelengths in the entire visible light region.
- the semi-acid polarizer according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of different cross-sectional diameters of the dispersion in order to cover the visible wavelength range within the substrate, but the dispersion may have any layer in the substrate by the cross-sectional diameter.
- the reflectivity of the second polarization is very excellent in all visible light, and there is an advantage that the variation in wavelength is small and uniform. .
- the shape of the plurality of dispersions is not particularly limited as long as it can express the physical properties as shown in FIG. 2, and specifically, may be circular, elliptical, or the like.
- the total number of dispersions may be 120 ⁇ m based on 32 inches. When the number may be 25,000,000 to 80,000,000, but is not limited thereto.
- the wavelength-specific transmittance spectral curves of the first and / or second polarized light have the advantage that they can be nearly similar.
- the substrate and the dispersion may be used without limitation so long as it is a material used to form a birefringent interface in the reflective polarizer, and the substrate component is preferably polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), copolyethylene naphthalate (co-PEN), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polycarbonate (PC) alloy, polystyrene (PS), heat-resistant polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene (PE), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyurethane (PU), Polyimide (PI), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Styrene Acrylonitrile Mixture (SAN), Ethylene Vinyl acetate (EVA), polyamide (PA), polyacetal (POM), phenol, epoxy (EP), urea (UF), melanin (MF), unsaturated polyester (UP
- the dispersion component is preferably polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), copolyethylene naphthalate (co-PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polycarbonate (PC) alloy, polystyrene (PS) Heat-resistant polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyurethane (PU) , Polyimide (PI), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), styrene acrylonitrile mixture (SAN), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyamide (PA), polyacetal (POM), phenol, epoxy (EP), Urea (UF), melanin (MF), unsaturated polyester (UP), silicone (SI) and cycloolefin polymers may be used alone or in combination, more preferably dimethyl-2,6-naphthal
- the polymer dispersed reflective polarizer may be stretched in at least one direction to form a birefringent interface between the substrate and the dispersion.
- the plurality of dispersions may be randomly dispersed in the substrate.
- a reflective polarizer capable of expressing the physical properties of FIG. 2, and may implement a reflective polarizer that offsets problems such as light leakage and visible light as compared with the conventional reflective polarizer.
- the randomly distributed reflection polarizer is a substrate and the inside of the substrate It includes a plurality of dispersions included in to transmit the first polarized light irradiated from the outside and reflect the second polarized light, the plurality of dispersions have a refractive index different from the substrate in at least one axial direction, the inside of the substrate 80% or more of the plurality of dispersions included in the aspect ratio of the short axis length to the major axis length relative to the longitudinal longitudinal cross-section is less than 1/2, the dispersions having an aspect ratio of 1/2 or less at least 3 depending on the cross-sectional area is included in the groups, the variance of the first group of the group member cross-sectional area is 0.2 ⁇ 2.0 ⁇ m 2, and the dispersion of the cross-sectional area of the second group is from more than 5.0 second 2.0 ⁇ m 2 or
- the random scattering reflective polarizer is included in the above-described substrate and the substrate, the reflection polarizer including a plurality of dispersions satisfying the dispersion conditions according to the preferred embodiment described above as a core layer, It may be a structure including an integrated skin layer formed on at least one surface of the core layer, and by further providing the skin layer can contribute to the protection of the core layer, improving the reliability of the reflective polarizer.
- the reflective polarizer according to one embodiment not including the skin layer and the other embodiment including the skin layer may be different in use, and the reflective polarizer including the skin layer is used in various general-purpose liquid crystal display devices such as displays. This may be preferable, and in the case of a portable liquid crystal display device, for example, a portable electronic device, a smart electronic device, or a smart phone, it may be desirable to use a reflective polarizer that does not include a skin layer as a slimmer reflective polarizer is required. It is not limited.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the random scattering polarizer, in which a plurality of dispersions 212 to 217 are randomly dispersed and arranged on at least one surface of the core layer. An integrally formed skin layer 220 is shown.
- the core layer 210 will be described.
- at least 80% of the plurality of dispersions contained in the substrate have an aspect ratio of the short axis length to the long axis length based on the vertical cross section in the longitudinal direction. 2 or less and more preferably 90% or more may satisfy the aspect ratio value of 1/2 or less.
- Figure 7 is a vertical cross section in the longitudinal direction of the dispersion used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the long axis length is a and the short axis length b is the length of the long axis length (a) and short axis length (b)
- the ratio of relative lengths should be less than 1/2.
- the long axis length (a) is 2
- the short axis length (b) should be less than or equal to 1, which is 1/2. If the dispersion having a ratio of the short axis length to the long axis length of more than 1/2 is included in 20% or more of the total number of dispersions, it is difficult to achieve the desired optical properties.
- Dispersions having an aspect ratio of 1/2 or less include three or more groups of different cross-sectional areas. Specifically, in FIG. 6, the first group of dispersions 202 and 203 having the smallest cross-sectional area, the second group of dispersions 204 and 205 having a medium cross-sectional area, and the third group 206 and 207 having the largest cross-sectional area. ) Are randomly dispersed, including all dispersions.
- the cross-sectional area of the first group is 0.2 to 2.0 ⁇ m 2
- the cross-sectional area of the second group is greater than 2.0 ⁇ m 2 to 5.0 ⁇ m 2
- the cross-sectional area of the third group is greater than 5.0 ⁇ m 2 to 10.0 ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the dispersion of one group, the dispersion of the second group and the dispersion of the third group are randomly arranged. If the dispersion is not included in any one of the first to third groups of dispersions, it is difficult to achieve the desired optical properties.
- the number of dispersions of the third group of the dispersions having an aspect ratio of 1/2 or less may be 10% or more. If less than 10%, the optical properties may be insufficient. More preferably, the number of dispersions corresponding to the first group among the dispersions having an aspect ratio of 1/2 or less may satisfy 30 to 50%, and the number of dispersions corresponding to the third group may be 10 to 30%. This can improve the optical properties.
- the number of dispersions of the first group / the number of dispersions of the third group has a value of 3 to 5 may be very advantageous to maximize the optical properties.
- the number of dispersions corresponding to the second group among the dispersions having an aspect ratio of 1/2 or less may satisfy 25 to 45%.
- the dispersion outside the range of the cross-sectional area of the first to third dispersion may be included as a residual amount in the dispersion having the aspect ratio of 1/2 or less.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a reflective polarizer included in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein a plurality of random dispersions 208 are elongated in a longitudinal direction in a substrate 201 of a core layer 210, and a skin layer ( 220 may be formed on and / or under the core layer 210.
- the random dispersion 208 may each extend in various directions, but it is preferable to extend in parallel in any one direction, and more preferably in a direction perpendicular to light irradiated from an external light source. Stretching parallel to the trunk is effective to maximize the light modulation effect.
- a birefringent interface may be formed between the dispersion (first component) and the substrate (second component) included in the substrate.
- the magnitude of the substantial coincidence or mismatch of the refractive indices along the X, Y, and Z axes in the space between the substrate and the dispersion is the scattering of the polarized light along that axis. Affects the degree. In general, the scattering power varies in proportion to the square of the refractive index mismatch. Thus, the greater the degree of mismatch in refractive index along a particular axis, the more strongly scattered light polarized along that axis.
- the light polarized along that axis is scattered to a lesser extent. If the refractive index of the substrate along a certain axis substantially matches the refractive index of the dispersion, incident light polarized with an electric field parallel to this axis passes through the dispersion without scattering regardless of the size, shape and density of the portion of the dispersion. something to do. Also, when the refractive indices along that axis are substantially coincident, the light beam passes through the object without being substantially scattered.
- the first polarized light (P wave) is transmitted without being affected by the birefringent interface formed at the boundary between the substrate and the dispersion, but the second polarized light (S wave) is formed at the boundary between the substrate and the dispersion.
- the modulation of the light occurs due to the interface.
- the P wave is transmitted, and the S wave generates light modulation such as scattering and reflection of light, and thus, polarization is separated.
- the substrate and the dispersion may cause a photomodulation effect by forming a birefringent interface
- the dispersion when the substrate is optically isotropic, the dispersion may have birefringence and conversely, when the substrate is optically birefringent
- the dispersion may have optical isotropy.
- the refractive index of the dispersion is nX 1 in the x-axis direction
- the refractive index in the y-axis direction is nY 1 and the refractive index in the z-axis direction is nZ 1
- the refractive index of the substrate is nX 2 , nY 2 and nZ 2
- In-plane birefringence between nX 1 and nY 1 may occur.
- At least one of the X, Y, and Z axis refractive indices of the substrate and the dispersion may be different, and more preferably, the difference in refractive index with respect to the Y and Z axis directions is 0.05 or less when the extension axis is the X axis.
- the difference in refractive index with respect to the X-axis direction may be 0.1 or more. On the other hand, if the difference in refractive index is 0.05 or less, it is usually interpreted as a match.
- the thickness of the core layer is preferably 20 ⁇ 350 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 ⁇ 250 ⁇ m, but is not limited to this, depending on the specific use and inclusion of the skin layer, the thickness of the skin layer The thickness of the layer can be designed differently.
- the total number of dispersions may be 25,000,000 to 80,000,000 when the thickness of the substrate is 120 ⁇ m based on 32 inches, but is not limited thereto.
- the skin layer component may be used a component commonly used, and can be used without limitation as long as it is typically used in a reflective polarizing film
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PC polycarbonate
- PC polycarbonate
- PC polycarbonate
- PS polystyrene
- PS heat resistant polystyrene
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PP polypropylene
- PE polyethylene
- PE acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
- ABS polyurethane
- PU polyimide
- PI polyvinyl chloride
- SAN ethylene vinyl acetate
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
- PA polyamide
- PA polyacetal
- phenol epoxy
- EP urethane
- the thickness of the skin layer may be 30 ⁇ 500 ⁇ m, but is not limited thereto.
- the skin layer is integrally formed between the core layer 210 and the skin layer 220.
- the deterioration of the optical properties due to the adhesive layer can be prevented, and more layers can be added to the limited thickness, thereby significantly improving the optical properties.
- the skin layer of the present invention can be stretched in at least one axial direction, unlike when the unstretched skin layer is bonded after the conventional core layer is stretched. .
- the surface hardness is improved compared to the unstretched skin layer, thereby improving scratch resistance and heat resistance.
- the random scattering reflective polarizer advantageous to achieve the optical properties according to the present invention can be inserted by the Republic of Korea Patent Application No. 2013-0169215 and Korea Patent Application No. 2013-0169217 by the same applicant.
- the reflective polarizer in which the dispersion is randomly dispersed in the substrate may be manufactured through the manufacturing method described below. However, it is not limited thereto.
- the base component and the dispersion component may be separately supplied to independent extrusion parts, in which case the extrusion parts may be composed of two or more.
- a feed to one extruder comprising a separate feed passage and distributor so that the polymers do not mix.
- the extruder may be an extruder, which may further include heating means or the like to convert the supplied polymers into a liquid phase.
- the viscosity is so designed that there is a difference in polymer flow so that the dispersion component can be arranged inside the base component, and the base component is preferably made to have better flowability than the dispersion component.
- Reflective polarizers can be produced in which the dispersion component is randomly arranged through the difference in viscosity while the substrate component and the dispersion component pass through the mixing zone and the mesh filter zone.
- the skin layer is included on at least one surface of the manufactured reflective polarizer, at least one surface of the reflective polarizer is laminated with the skin layer component transferred from the extruder.
- the skin layer component may be laminated on both surfaces of the reflective polarizer.
- the material and the thickness of the skin layer may be the same or different from each other.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a coat-hanger die, which is a kind of preferred flow control unit that may be applied to the present invention
- FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG.
- the spreading degree of the substrate may be appropriately adjusted to randomly adjust the size and arrangement of the cross-sectional area of the dispersion component.
- the dispersion component contained therein also spreads from side to side.
- the cooling used in the manufacture of a conventional reflective polarizer may be cooled and solidified, and then the smoothing step may be performed through a casting roll process or the like.
- the stretching may be performed through a conventional stretching process of the reflective polarizer, thereby causing a difference in refractive index between the base component and the dispersion component, causing a light modulation phenomenon at the interface, and spreading the first component (dispersion) Sieve components), the aspect ratio is further reduced through stretching.
- the stretching step may be performed uniaxially or biaxially, and more preferably, uniaxially.
- the stretching direction may be performed in the longitudinal direction of the first component.
- the draw ratio may be 3 to 12 times.
- methods for changing an isotropic material to birefringence are commonly known and, for example, when drawn under appropriate temperature conditions, the dispersion molecules can be oriented so that the material becomes birefringent.
- the final reflective polarizer may be manufactured by heat-setting the stretched reflective polarizer.
- the heat setting may be heat setting through a conventional method, preferably may be performed through an IR heater for 0.1 to 3 minutes at 180 ⁇ 200 °C.
- the reflective polarizer satisfying the above-described properties of the present invention may be employed in a light source assembly or a liquid crystal display device including the same, and used to improve light efficiency.
- the light source assembly is classified into a direct type light source assembly in which the lamp is located below, an edge type light source assembly in which the lamp is located in the side, and the like.
- the reflective polarizer according to embodiments of the present invention may be employed in any kind of light source assembly.
- the present invention is also applicable to a back light assembly disposed below the liquid crystal panel and a front light assembly disposed above the liquid crystal panel.
- a reflective polarizer is applied to a liquid crystal display including an edge type light source assembly is illustrated.
- FIG 11 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the liquid crystal display 2700 includes a backlight unit 2400 and a liquid crystal panel assembly 2500.
- the backlight unit 2400 includes a reflective polarizer 2111 for modulating the optical characteristics of the emitted light, wherein the other components included in the backlight unit and the positional relationship between the other components and the reflective polarizer 2111 are determined according to the purpose.
- the present invention may vary, and is not particularly limited in the present invention.
- a light guide 2410 As shown in FIG. 9, a light guide 2410, a light guide plate 2415 for guiding light emitted from the light source 2410, and a reflective film 2320 disposed below the light guide plate 2415. ) And a reflective polarizer 2111 disposed above the light guide plate 2415.
- the light sources 2410 are disposed at both sides of the light guide plate 2415.
- the light source 2410 may be, for example, a light emitting diode (LED), a cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL), a hot cathode fluorescent lamp (HCFL), an external electrofluorescent lamp (EEFL), or the like.
- the light source 2410 may be disposed only on one side of the light guide plate 2415.
- the light guide plate 2415 moves the light emitted from the light source 2410 through total internal reflection, and emits light upward through a scattering pattern formed on the bottom surface of the light guide plate 2415.
- a reflective film 2420 is disposed below the light guide plate 2415 to reflect light emitted downward from the light guide plate 2415 upward.
- the reflective polarizer 2111 is disposed on the light guide plate 2415. Since the reflective polarizer 2111 has been described in detail above, redundant description thereof will be omitted. Other optical sheets may be further disposed above or below the reflective polarizer 2111. For example, a liquid crystal film that partially reflects incident circularly polarized light, a retardation film that converts circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light, and / or a protective film may be further provided.
- the light source 2410, the light guide plate 2415, the reflective film 2420, and the reflective polarizer 2111 may be received by the bottom chassis 2440.
- the liquid crystal panel assembly 2500 includes a first display panel 2511, a second display panel 2512, and a liquid crystal layer (not shown) interposed therebetween, and includes a first display panel 2511 and a second display panel 2512. It may further include a polarizing plate (not shown) attached to each surface.
- the liquid crystal display device 2700 may further include a top chassis 2600 that covers the edge of the liquid crystal panel assembly 2500 and surrounds side surfaces of the liquid crystal panel assembly 2500 and the backlight unit 2400.
- FIG. 12 is an example of a liquid crystal display device employing a reflective polarizer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which a reflecting plate 3280 is inserted into a frame 3270, and an upper surface of the reflecting plate 3280.
- the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 3290 is located.
- An optical film 3320 is positioned on an upper surface of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 3290, and the optical film 3320 is stacked in the order of the diffusion plate 3321, the reflective polarizer 3322, and the absorption polarizing film 3323.
- the components included in the optical film and the stacking order between the components may vary depending on the purpose, and some components may be omitted or provided in plurality.
- a retardation film (not shown) or the like may also be inserted at an appropriate position in the liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display panel 3310 may be inserted into the mold frame 3300 on the upper surface of the optical film 3320.
- the light irradiated from the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 3290 reaches the diffusion plate 3321 of the optical film 3320.
- the light transmitted through the diffuser plate 3321 passes through the reflective polarizer 3322 to propagate the light in the vertical direction with respect to the optical film 3320, thereby generating light modulation.
- the P wave transmits the reflective polarizer without loss, but in the case of the S wave, light modulation (reflection, scattering, refraction, etc.) occurs, and is reflected by the reflecting plate 3280, which is the rear side of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 3290, and the light is reflected.
- the reflective polarizer 3322 After a random change to the P wave or the S wave is to pass through the reflective polarizer 3322 again. Thereafter, after passing through the absorption polarizing film 3323, the liquid crystal display panel 3310 is reached. Meanwhile, the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 3290 may be replaced with an LED.
- Embodiments described above are applied to the reflective polarizer according to one embodiment of the present invention, it can effectively exhibit a plurality of light modulation characteristics, the brightness can be improved, the light leakage, the bright line does not occur, the foreign matter on the appearance The appearance defects that can be prevented can be prevented and the reliability of the reflective polarizer can be ensured even in a high temperature and high humidity environment in which a liquid crystal display device is used.
- the micro pattern layer and the light collecting layer having respective functions are integrated into the reflective polarizer, thereby reducing the thickness of the light source assembly, simplifying the assembly process, and improving the image quality of the liquid crystal display including the light source assembly. Can be.
- the use of the reflective polarizer has been described based on the liquid crystal display, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be widely used in flat panel display technologies such as a projection display, a plasma display, a field emission display, and an electroluminescent display.
- PCTG polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate
- thermal stabilizer containing phosphate The raw material was put into the 1st extrusion part and the 2nd extrusion part, respectively.
- PCTG polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate
- the base component has an extrusion temperature of 280, and the dispersion component has an extrusion temperature of 245.
- the polymer flow was corrected and the dispersion was randomly dispersed inside the substrate by passing through the flow path to which the filter mixer was applied, and then the skin layer component was laminated on both sides of the substrate layer component.
- Spread of the polymer was induced in the coat hanger die of FIGS. 9 and 10 to correct flow rates and pressure gradients. Specifically, the width of the die inlet was 200 mm, the thickness was 10 mm, the width of the die outlet was 1,260 mm, the thickness was 2.5 mm, and the flow rate was 1.0 m / min.
- a smoothing process was then performed on the cooling and casting rolls and stretched six times in the MD direction.
- the refractive index of the polyetherene naphthalate (PEN) component of the prepared reflecting polarizer was (nx: 1.88, ny: 1.58, nz: 1.58) and terephthalate, ethyl glycol, and cyclohexanedimethanol 1: 2 in 60% by weight of polycarbonate.
- Refractive index of 38% by weight of polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate (PCTG) and 2% by weight of a thermal stabilizer containing phosphate was 1.58, and the plurality of dispersions were prepared in Table 1 below. And satisfied the same conditions.
- the plate-shaped polymer dispersed reflective polarizer was performed as shown in FIG. 13. Specifically, PEN having a refractive index of 1.65 as a first component and dimethyl terephthalate and dimethyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate as a second component in a molar ratio of 6: 4 are mixed with ethylene glycol (EG) and 1.
- EG ethylene glycol
- the polycarbonate alloy of 1.58 was introduced into the first extruded part 220, the second extruded part 221, and the third extruded part 222, respectively.
- the extrusion temperature of the first component and the second component was 295 ° C. and the Cap.Rheometer was checked to correct the polymer flow through IV adjustment, and the skin layer was extruded at a temperature level of 280 ° C.
- the first component was transferred to the first pressurizing means 230 (Kawasaki Co., Ltd. gear pump), and the second component was also transferred to the second pressurizing means (231, Kawasaki Co., Ltd. gear pump).
- the discharge amount of the first pressurizing means is 8.9 kg / h in order, respectively, and the discharge amount of the second pressurizing means is 8.9 kg / h.
- An island-in-the-sea composite product was prepared using the island-in-the-sea extrusion mold as shown in FIG. 14.
- the number of island component layers of the fourth mold distribution plate T4 among the island-in-the-sea extrusion molds was 400, the diameter of the detention holes in the island component supply passage was 0.17 mm, and the number of island component supply passages was 25,000, respectively.
- the diameter of the discharge port of the sixth mold distribution plate was 15 mm x 15 mm.
- the width of the die inlet is 200 mm
- the thickness is 20 mm
- the width of the die outlet is 960 mm
- the thickness is 2.4 mm
- the flow rate was 1 m / min.
- a smoothing process was then performed on the cooling and casting rolls and stretched six times in the MD direction. As a result, the long axis length of the first component did not change, but the short axis length was reduced. Thereafter, heat setting was performed through an IR heater at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes to prepare a reflective polarizing film in which a polymer as shown in FIG.
- the refractive index of the first component of the prepared reflective polarizing film was (nx: 1.88, ny: 1.64, nz: 1.64) and the refractive index of the second component was 1.64.
- the aspect ratio of the polymer was approximately 1/180000, the number of layers was 400 layers, the short axis length (thickness direction) was 84 nm, the major axis length was 15.5 mm, and the average optical thickness was 138 nm.
- the prepared reflective polarizer core layer thickness was 59 ⁇ m, and the total thickness of the skin layer was 170.5 ⁇ m.
- PEN having a refractive index of 1.65 as a first component and dimethyl terephthalate and dimethyl-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate as a second component were mixed with ethylene glycol (EG) and 1: 2.
- Co-PEN having a refractive index of 1.64 and a skin layer component reacted at a molar ratio of 90% by weight of polycarbonate and 10% by weight of polycyclohexylene dimethylene terephthalate (PCTG) with a refractive index of 1.58.
- the polycarbonate alloys were respectively charged into the first extrusion part, the second extrusion part and the third extrusion part.
- the extrusion temperature of the 1st component and the 2nd component shall be 295 degreeC, and I.V.
- the polymer flow was corrected through the adjustment, and the skin layer was subjected to the extrusion process at a temperature level of 280 ° C.
- first component conveyed in the first extruded part was distributed to four slit-type extruded parts
- the second component conveyed in the second extruded part was transferred to four slit-type extruded parts.
- One slit-type extrusion mold is composed of 300 layers
- the slit thickness of the first slit-type extrusion mold at the bottom of the fifth mold distribution plate of FIG. 15 is 0.26 mm
- the slit thickness of the second slit extrusion mold is 0.21 mm.
- the slit thickness of the third slit extruded die was 0.17 mm
- the slit thickness of the fourth slit extruded die was 0.30 mm
- the diameter of the discharge port of the sixth die distribution plate was 15 mm x 15 mm.
- the four multi-layer composites discharged through the four slit-type extrusion holes and the skin layer components conveyed through separate flow paths were laminated in a collection block and laminated into a single core layer and a skin layer integrally formed on both sides of the core layer. .
- the core layer polymer in which the skin layer was formed was induced in the coat hanger die of FIGS. 9 and 10 to correct the flow velocity and the pressure gradient.
- the width of the die inlet was 200 mm
- the thickness was 20 mm
- the width of the die outlet was 960 mm
- the thickness was 2.4 mm
- the flow rate was 1 m / min.
- a smoothing process was then performed on the cooling and casting rolls and stretched six times in the MD direction. Subsequently, heat setting was performed through an IR heater at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes to prepare a multilayer reflective polarizer as shown in FIG. 18.
- the refractive index of the first component of the prepared reflective polarizer was (nx: 1.88, ny: 1.64, nz: 1.64) and the refractive index of the second component was 1.64.
- Group A had 300 layers (150 repeating units), and the repeating unit had a thickness of 168 nm, an average optical thickness of 275.5 nm, and an optical thickness deviation of about 20%.
- Group B consisted of 300 layers (150 repeating units) with a thickness of 138nm, an average optical thickness of 226.3nm, and an optical thickness deviation of about 20%.
- Group C had 300 layers (150 repeating units) with a repeating unit thickness of 110 nm, an average optical thickness of 180.4 nm, and an optical thickness deviation of about 20%.
- the D group had 300 layers (150 repeating units), the thickness of the repeating unit was 200nm, the average optical thickness was 328nm, and the optical thickness deviation was about 20%.
- the core layer thickness of the manufactured multilayer reflective polarizer was 92.4 ⁇ m and the skin layer thickness was 153.8 ⁇ m, respectively, and the total thickness was 400 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the following physical properties of the reflective polarizer manufactured through the above Examples and Comparative Examples.
- a polarization meter (Jasco V7100) was used to measure the transmittance. Specifically, a sample cell was mounted on the device to be 45 ° and 90 ° with respect to incident light, and then the transmittance and polarization of the first and second polarizations for each wavelength were measured. did.
- the relative luminance shows the relative value of the luminance of another example and comparative example when the luminance of the composite reflective polarizing film of Example 1 is 100 (reference).
- the appearance of the reflective polarizer was visually observed to indicate 0 when no specific color or iridescence was shown and 1 to 5 depending on the degree of specific color.
- the maximum transmittance is 98% of the transmittance in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm in which the first polarization according to 45 ° non-normal incident light is applied.
- the difference between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance is remarkable, and the maximum reflectance of the second polarized light is 99.88%, but the reflectance variation of the second polarized light reaches 0.15% / nm, indicating that the fluctuation is very severe.
- the maximum reflectance is 440 nm.
- Example 1 Although the minimum reflectance is only 15.37% at 405nm, the difference between the maximum reflectance and the minimum reflectance is remarkable and the reflectance fluctuation is actually very large. It turned out that it was red and was bad, and it was confirmed that brightness was also worse than Example 1. In addition, it can be seen that the tendency of the transmittance and reflectance of the normal incident light (90 °) and the non-normal incident light (45 °) is significantly different.
- Example 1 the luminance also showed a transmittance of 76% or more in the visible light region of 450 nm to 780 nm, and the reflectance of the second polarization was also very high.
- Example 1 there is little difference in transmittance between normal incident light (90 °) and non-normal incident light (45 °), and the reflectance also shows little difference, and it is possible to express uniform transmittance and reflectance. It can be seen that stable color control is possible.
- Comparative Example 1 the difference between the maximum transmittance and the minimum transmittance among the transmittances in the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm of the first polarization according to the 45 ° non-normal incident light is less than that of Comparative Example 2, but is significantly greater than that of Example 1, thereby reflecting. It was confirmed that the appearance of the appearance was orange due to poor control of the axis, and also in the case of the second polarized light, the luminance was significantly lower than that of Example 1 because the difference between the maximum reflectance and the minimum reflectance was more pronounced than in Example 1. In addition, it can be seen that the tendency of the transmittance and reflectance of the normal incident light (90 °) and the non-normal incident light (45 °) is significantly different.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
- 투과축에 평행한 제1 편광은 투과시키고, 소광축에 평행한 제2 편광은 반사시키는 반사편광자에 있어서,입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제2 편광에 대한 380 ~ 780nm의 파장범위에서의 반사율은 85% 이상이고,입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제2 편광의 450 ~ 780nm 파장범위에서 하기 수학식 1에 따른 반사율 변화율이 0.05%/nm 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자;[수학식 1]상기 λ1은 450nm이고, R1은 λ1에서의 제2 편광 반사율을 나타내며, 상기 λ2은 780nm이고, R2는 λ2에서의 제2 편광 반사율을 나타낸다.
- 제1항에 있어서,입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제2 편광은 480 ~ 580nm 파장범위에서 가시광선 반사 균일도가 5% 이하이고, 580 ~ 780nm의 파장범위에서 가시광선 투과 균일도가 6% 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제1항에 있어서,입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제2 편광은 480nm 파장에서 반사율이 94 ~ 96%, 580nm 파장에서 반사율이 92 ~ 94%, 680nm 파장에서 반사율이 88 ~ 91%, 780nm 파장에서 반사율이 85 ~ 88%인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제1항에 있어서,입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제1 편광은 450 ~ 780nm 파장범위에서 투과율이 72% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 파장범위에 따른 제1 편광 투과율 중 최저 투과율을 가지는 제1 편광의 파장과 동일한 파장에서의 제2 편광의 반사율은 95% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제1항에 있어서,입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 제1 편광은 480 ~ 580nm 파장범위에서 가시광선 투과 균일도가 8% 이하이고, 580 ~ 780nm의 파장범위에서 가시광선 투과 균일도가 5% 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제1항에 있어서,입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 제2 편광의 450 ~ 780nm 파장범위에서 상기 수학식 1에 따른 반사율 변화율이 0.08%/nm 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 반사편광자는기재; 및상기 기재 내부에 분산되어 포함되는 복수개의 분산체;를 포함하는 폴리머 분산형 반사편광자인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 복수개의 분산체 중 적어도 2개는 단면적이 상이한 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 복수개의 분산체는 기재 내부에 랜덤하게 분산되어 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 투과축에 평행한 제1 편광은 투과시키고, 소광축에 평행한 제2 편광은 반사시키는 반사편광자에 있어서,입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제1편광에 대해서 450 ~ 780nm 파장범위에서 최대투과율 및 최소투과율의 차이가 20% 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제11항에 있어서,입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제1편광에 대하여 450 ~ 780nm 파장범위에서 최대투과율 및 최소투과율의 차이가 15% 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 투과축에 평행한 제1 편광은 투과시키고, 소광축에 평행한 제2 편광은 반사시키는 반사편광자에 있어서,입사각이 90°인 광선에 따른 상기 제1 펀광의 580nm에서의 제1 투과율(%)과입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제1 편광의 580nm에서의 제2 투과율(%)과의 차이가 8% 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 반사편광자는입사각이 90°인 광선에 따른 상기 제1 펀광의 450nm에서의 제3 투과율(%)과입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제1 편광의 450nm에서의 제4 투과율(%)과의 차이가 5% 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제13항에 있어서, 상기 반사편광자는입사각이 90°인 광선에 따른 상기 제1 펀광의 780nm에서의 제5 투과율(%)과입사각이 45°인 광선에 따른 상기 제1 편광의 780nm에서의 제6 투과율(%)과의 차이가 5% 이하인 것을 특징으로 하는 반사편광자.
- 제1항, 제11항 또는 제13항에 따른 반사편광자를 포함하는 백라이트 유닛.
- 제16항에 따른 백라이트 유닛을 포함하는 액정표시장치.
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CN108181095A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-19 | 惠州市华星光电技术有限公司 | 偏光片光学参数的测量方法及测量装置 |
WO2020012416A1 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical system and optical film |
CN113544553B (zh) * | 2019-03-08 | 2023-11-03 | 3M创新有限公司 | 显示器用光学膜和背光源单元 |
TWI778508B (zh) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-09-21 | 誠屏科技股份有限公司 | 顯示裝置 |
CN114822228B (zh) * | 2021-01-28 | 2024-03-19 | 诚屏科技股份有限公司 | 显示装置 |
KR20230048822A (ko) * | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-12 | 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 | 반사편광필름, 이를 포함하는 광원 어셈블리 및 액정표시장치 |
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KR20140021257A (ko) * | 2012-08-09 | 2014-02-20 | 웅진케미칼 주식회사 | 중합체가 분산된 반사형 편광자 |
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TW201701034A (zh) | 2017-01-01 |
US20180172887A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 |
KR102367295B1 (ko) | 2022-02-23 |
KR20170001228A (ko) | 2017-01-04 |
JP6861652B2 (ja) | 2021-04-21 |
JP2018522274A (ja) | 2018-08-09 |
TWI606284B (zh) | 2017-11-21 |
US10527883B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
CN107810434A (zh) | 2018-03-16 |
CN107810434B (zh) | 2021-03-12 |
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