WO2016207026A1 - Procédé de stabilisation d'un réseau électrique alternatif - Google Patents

Procédé de stabilisation d'un réseau électrique alternatif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016207026A1
WO2016207026A1 PCT/EP2016/063618 EP2016063618W WO2016207026A1 WO 2016207026 A1 WO2016207026 A1 WO 2016207026A1 EP 2016063618 W EP2016063618 W EP 2016063618W WO 2016207026 A1 WO2016207026 A1 WO 2016207026A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
buffer
operating mode
battery system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/063618
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Baumgärtner
Andreas Gareis
Original Assignee
Whiterock Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whiterock Ag filed Critical Whiterock Ag
Publication of WO2016207026A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016207026A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/242—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks using phasor measuring units [PMU]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for stabilizing an electrical alternating voltage network
  • AC voltage networks provided at the end user usually with a nominal voltage of 110-240 V and a target frequency of 50-60Hz.
  • One difficulty is balancing power generation and power consumption. Is more electricity generated or in the
  • the instantaneous frequency increases with respect to the nominal frequency. Is more power consumed or removed from the AC mains as generated or in the
  • measures can be taken at different time scales to restore the balance between power generation and power consumption. Essentially, these are based on increasing or decreasing the power plant capacity of power-feeding power plants, or switching on or off consumers such as night storage heaters.
  • Pumped storage power plants which can be used both to feed electricity or to consume electricity.
  • Control power for a power grid described.
  • An energy storage device called as Accumulator can be formed, takes on demand energy from the mains or supplies energy to the power grid.
  • the control power becomes a function of a frequency deviation from a setpoint
  • control power is complex and expensive. Through the increased use of renewable energies, in particular wind energy and solar energy, and in particular their priority feed into the
  • traction battery that is carried along with the electric vehicle.
  • trailers have become known for electric vehicles that carry a battery to relieve or recharge the traction battery of an electric vehicle while driving and so to increase the range of the electric vehicle.
  • Such a trailer is also referred to as Range Extender trailer.
  • Electric vehicles or the storage batteries of a range extender trailer are usually connected between trips for recharging to the public AC network.
  • Batteries can basically act as power sources (when discharging the battery) and as a power consumer (when charging the battery).
  • the use of batteries to stabilize an AC mains is difficult because the voltage level of a battery is generally only for one
  • a change in the voltage of the battery such as a DC / DC converter, a conversion to an AC voltage via an inverter and a transformation of the voltage across a multi-coil transformer is quite complex in terms of apparatus.
  • the voltage level of a battery is variable by the state of charge and aging effects, which further complicates the use for stabilizing the AC voltage network.
  • DE 10 2008 006 332 A1 describes a trailer range extender which has a power supply unit integrated into a trailer.
  • the power supply unit may in particular consist of a set of accumulators.
  • bidirectional inverter is switchable. With the bidirectional inverter, the battery can be charged from the power grid, or energy can be fed back into the grid as needed.
  • Charging stations for range extender trailers are proposed in DE 10 2012 015 099 A1, wherein a controller also enables feeding of energy from the range extender trailers into the power grid by means of bidirectional inverters.
  • US 2011/0254373 A1 has disclosed a device for converting DC voltage into AC voltage.
  • a number of DC voltage sources such as batteries, can be connected in series via first circuit-breakers in different numbers.
  • Circuit breaker can each be a location between DC voltage sources connected to a bus.
  • Circuit breaker can each be a location between DC voltage sources connected to a bus.
  • the polarity of the buses may be inverted with respect to two output ports.
  • the Device serves for local provision of AC voltage for consumers.
  • the DC power sources can be recharged from an AC source.
  • the invention has the object of demonstrating a simple way to stabilize an electrical alternating voltage network, in particular where also used for other purposes batteries, such as storage batteries for photovoltaic power, traction batteries in
  • Electric vehicles or storage batteries of Range Extender trailers for electric vehicles can be used.
  • the battery modules are connected so that a voltage level of the backup battery over the current voltage of
  • a maximum voltage level of the backup battery during the first operating mode is greater than a maximum voltage level of the backup battery during the second operating mode.
  • Voltage level of a buffer battery that is, the amount of the instantaneous, prevailing between two terminal poles of the backup battery voltage to change by changing the interconnection of battery modules of the backup battery.
  • a larger maximum voltage level is used in the first operating mode than in the second operating mode in order to be able to provide the high voltage (in comparison to the AC voltage of the AC voltage network) required for a power supply in the first operating mode, and in the second operating mode that for a
  • Buffer battery is held above the instantaneous voltage of the AC mains, and / or that during the entire (or at least at least 75% of) the second times the battery modules in the second
  • Operating mode are connected so that the voltage level of the backup battery is kept below the current voltage of the AC mains.
  • the voltage level of the backup battery is typically changed during the first operating mode and / or the second operating mode (by changing the connection of the individual battery modules), in particular by the
  • the backup battery can generally without further voltage transformation to the electrical to be stabilized
  • AC voltage mains are connected.
  • no transformer or conventional DC / AC converter or conventional DC / DC converter is usually required.
  • Frequency of the alternating voltage network locally at the location of the buffer battery (about a voltage meter of a feed regulator of the backup battery) are monitored, and with the thus determined instantaneous frequency can be decided locally by comparison with the first and second setpoint, which state (inactive, first operating mode / feed second
  • Operating mode / charging takes the backup battery (local state control). This approach is particularly suitable for providing primary control power through the backup battery. Likewise, it is possible to monitor the instantaneous frequency of the alternating voltage network away from the location of the backup battery in a control center, such as by the operator of the
  • control center is then determined by means of the first and second setpoint, whether and which control power is required, and optionally, a corresponding control command to the backup battery (or a plurality of backup batteries, possibly via a
  • Switching center for example via an Internet connection
  • a single battery module of the backup battery may comprise one or more battery cells, wherein the battery cells may be arranged in series connection, parallel connection or a combined parallel / series connection.
  • the battery modules of the backup battery are rechargeable and store electrical energy, in particular electrochemically.
  • the battery modules or their battery cells can be designed as lithium-ion batteries.
  • the battery modules can be interconnected differently according to the invention, in particular wherein a number of series-connected battery modules can be varied. Individual connection states may be the battery modules or a part of the battery modules in a series circuit, a
  • the alternating voltage network is typically a public one
  • AC voltage network in particular a low-voltage network with a rated voltage (effective voltage) of 110-240 V, preferably at most 1000 V, and 50-60 Hz frequency.
  • the first soli value is at most 0.1%, and typically 0.02%, below a desired frequency of the
  • the first setpoint and the second setpoint may also be selected identically ⁇ according to the solverfrequency) to tackle even the smallest frequency fluctuations.
  • the (momentary) voltage level of the buffer battery is a function of the number of series-connected
  • Battery modules a function of the state of charge of the battery modules (SOC) and also a function of the aging state of the battery modules (State of Health, SOH).
  • Battery modules is greater than in the second operating mode. This can easily a higher maximum voltage in the first
  • Operating mode are set as in the second operating mode. Note that the number of battery modules connected in series may change in the first and / or second operating mode. For the determination of the number of battery modules connected in series, a group of battery modules connected in parallel, which is part of a series circuit, is counted like a battery module.
  • the backup battery comprises two battery modules, at least temporarily in the first mode of operation in series and in the second
  • a current voltage of the AC voltage network between these two voltage levels of the battery modules can thus depending on the interconnection of the battery modules to a power supply to the AC mains (in both battery modules in series) or the current drain (in both
  • a number of serially connected Akkumoduien is periodically increased and reduced, in particular successively increased and reduced in order to
  • Voltage level of the buffer battery corresponds to the period of the AC voltage to be stabilized.
  • the number of battery modules connected in series is changed at least between 1 and 3, preferably at least between 1 and 4, particularly preferably at least between 1 and 8.
  • the voltage level of the buffer battery with the first operating mode in the first operating mode and / or in the second operating mode, the voltage level of the buffer battery with the
  • the voltage level of the buffer battery in this variant typically changes in a time symmetrical manner with respect to the peak point of the AC voltage. Synchronization with the alternating voltage network can be achieved by a time-resolved measurement of the
  • a phase offset of the voltage of the battery backup against the AC voltage of the AC voltage network is established. Due to the phase offset can be targeted reactive power in the
  • AC voltage network are introduced by the backup battery, in particular to the total power of a consumer on
  • a typical phase offset of the voltage position of the buffer battery for reactive power compensation is 1/20 * ⁇ / 2 or more.
  • a number of battery modules connected in series with twice the frequency of the alternating voltage network reaches a respective maximum value. Accordingly, both half-waves are used in the network stabilization, which stabilizes distortions in the
  • Buffer battery changed after each half a phase of the AC voltage of the AC mains, in particular by the connecting poles connected in reverse to the poles of the battery modules
  • This relatively accurate replica avoids to a great extent distortions in the (stabilized) AC voltage of the AC voltage network.
  • an amount of a difference of the voltage level of the backup battery is adjusted by changing the interconnection of the battery modules that amount of a difference of the voltage level of the backup battery and the instantaneous voltage of the AC mains 25 maximum %, preferably a maximum of 20%, a peak voltage of the AC voltage of the AC voltage network is.
  • Minimum difference of voltage level of the backup battery and instantaneous voltage of the AC voltage network may be provided, about at least 5% of the peak voltage of the AC voltage network to a
  • a typical electrical system voltage of the alternating voltage network is between 100 V and 400 V. If the
  • Buffer battery at least temporarily supplied to consumers with power, it is advantageous to select the voltage difference in the second mode of operation greater than in the first mode to recharge (on average) the backup battery from the AC mains, if an oversupply of electricity in the AC network is present.
  • Equally advantageous is a variant in which in the second operating mode, at least temporarily, only a subset of the battery modules is used to remove additional current from the AC voltage network,
  • AC mains are used.
  • subsets the voltage level of the backup battery can be varied specifically.
  • individual battery modules can be spared or defective battery modules are left out before.
  • a uniform load on the battery modules can be set up; typically the used (and unused) battery modules become varies cyclically.
  • the backup battery can be used particularly reliably, especially if individual battery modules are not or only partially operational.
  • the voltage level of the individual battery modules can be taken into account in order to reliably set a desired voltage level of the backup battery as a whole.
  • the number of series-connected battery modules can be increased in comparison to fully charged battery modules or new battery modules to achieve a certain voltage level of the backup battery with substantial discharge of the battery modules or aged battery modules.
  • the AC voltage network is a three-phase AC voltage network, and that the three phases of the three-phase AC voltage network are stabilized simultaneously, in particular independently, by means of the backup battery. This can be done to improve the stabilization of the AC voltage network;
  • the three phases can be in star connection or delta connection (peak value of the
  • a portion of the battery modules can be formed, which is permanently assigned to this phase;
  • the same accumulator modules can be used simultaneously or chronologically successively by different phases, in particular cyclically.
  • a plurality of buffer batteries are used at the same time for stabilizing the AC voltage network, and that the buffer batteries are coupled to the AC voltage network at different grid connection points.
  • backup batteries that change location frequently such as traction batteries in electric vehicles or storage batteries of range extender trailers, can be used after a "check-in" at each site.
  • AC power can be operated, or even a consumer with a stronger current than over the AC mains supply available.
  • the battery of a vehicle preferably electric vehicle or range extender trailer for a
  • Electric vehicle to be connected to their recharging, especially for a fast charge (at a current of typically 100 A or more, at about 400 V charge end of the vehicle battery).
  • the scope of the present invention also includes a buffer battery system, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of
  • the backup battery comprises a plurality of battery modules that continue Verschaltmitte! and an electronic one Control means for adjusting the Verschaltstoff are present, and that the battery modules can be interconnected in different ways to each other with the Verschaltstoffn, so that by changing the
  • the voltage level of the backup battery can be adapted to a respective current task of the backup battery, and in particular when changing the task of the backup battery, the voltage level can be changed. Similarly, during a task, the voltage level can be changed to the
  • Buffer battery adapt to a processed, variable electrical voltage.
  • the buffer battery for removing power from an AC voltage network at least temporarily to a
  • the buffer battery for feeding current into an AC voltage network at least temporarily to a voltage level above the instantaneous voltage of
  • the backup battery is well suited for stabilizing an AC voltage network.
  • Buffer battery system wherein the electronic control device and the interconnecting means are adapted to the voltage of the
  • Buffer battery a periodic, sinusoidal course of a
  • each half-wave of the alternating voltage is successively at least three, preferably at least four, particularly preferably at least eight,
  • Battery modules are switched on one after the other and switched off again.
  • the simulated AC voltage typically corresponds to the course of the AC voltage in an AC voltage network to be stabilized, wherein for current drain from the Wechsetschreibsnetz the voltage level of the backup battery is at least temporarily below the instantaneous AC voltage of the AC voltage network, and for power supply to the
  • the AC voltage network is located.
  • the backup battery system “off grid” (separately, decoupled from the AC voltage network)
  • the replicated AC voltage can be provided in order to supply one or more loads independently of the mains with alternating current
  • AC voltage are basically the same. Due to the stepped shape of the voltage level of the backup battery, the sinusoidal
  • AC voltage is typically 50-60 Hz, and the peak voltage is typically between 00 V and 400 V, or the RMS voltage is typically between 110 V and 240 V.
  • the switching means are preferably switchable at 1 kHz or faster, i. a battery module (or a group of battery modules) can be switched on and off within 1 ms or faster; Particularly preferably, the switching means are switchable at 10 kHz or faster.
  • a simulation of the course of the instantaneous voltage of the alternating voltage network takes place in such a way that the deviation of the (instantaneous) voltage position of the
  • AC network maximum 40% preferably at most 25%, especially preferably a maximum of 20%, based on the peak voltage of
  • Buffer battery system provides that the buffer battery system comprises at least one pair of terminal poles, preferably three pairs of terminal poles, each terminal pole via at least one power electronic
  • Switching device is connected to the backup battery, and that the
  • connection poles With a pair of connection poles, the backup battery can be connected to a single-phase AC mains. With three connection poles or even three pairs of connection poles it is possible to connect to a three-phase AC voltage network, in particular in delta or star connection. With the electronic power switching devices, the current flow between the backup battery and the at the
  • Connecting poles connected AC mains can be quickly enabled or disabled in a manner which is easy to set up and easy to control, in particular also several times within one phase of a typical AC voltage (with a frequency of 50-60 Hz).
  • each pair of terminal poles has a voltage measuring device with which the voltage between the terminal poles is time-resolved measurable, and / or that each pair of terminal poles has an ammeter, with which the current through the pair of Poles is time-resolved measurable.
  • the measuring signals of the voltage measuring device and / or the current measuring device are forwarded to the control device, which evaluates these measuring signals in order to control the power electronic switching devices and / or the switching means in the correct phase.
  • the control device evaluates these measuring signals in order to control the power electronic switching devices and / or the switching means in the correct phase.
  • the current measuring device can be used to monitor whether a maximum charging current or maximum discharge current (on average or also in the tip) of the buffer battery is maintained in order to protect the buffer battery or its battery modules from damage.
  • Switching devices optionally connectable to different poles of the battery modules.
  • the polarity of the voltage applied to the pair of terminal poles voltage of the backup battery can be reversed. Accordingly, both half-waves of an alternating voltage can be generated or reproduced.
  • Identical poles of the battery modules are typically each interconnectable on a current busbar, and each terminal pole is via the two power electronic switching devices optionally with two Current busbars (for each pole) connectable.
  • the switching means comprise a plurality of power electronic Schait Anlagenen
  • the electronic control device is designed to open and close the power electronic switching devices of the switching means in order to set up a wiring of the battery modules, and optionally also to make a selection of active battery modules.
  • the power electronic switching devices is a simple and fast switching of Verschaitung (and in particular the voltage level) of the backup battery possible, especially several times during a
  • the selected accumulator modules can basically
  • the buffer battery comprises at least one switching ring, preferably three switching rings, wherein each switching ring comprises at least three, preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten Akkumodule, wherein between two adjacent Akkumodulen a GmbHrings each one
  • power electronic switching device is arranged to connect opposite poles of the adjacent battery modules, and wherein the poles each
  • Switching devices with connection poles of the buffer battery system are connectable.
  • adjacent battery modules of the switching ring can be connected in series in any number (up to the total number of battery modules of the switching ring), the selection of the battery modules connected in series can be moved over the switching ring on request, in particular to evenly load all battery modules of the switching ring , By the In this case, a battery module can be switched off at one end of the series circuit, while a battery module is connected at the other end of the series circuit.
  • the buffer battery system comprises three pairs of terminal poles, and that the backup battery three
  • Switching rings comprising the same battery modules, wherein for each switching ring, the poles of each battery module are individually connectable via power electronic switching devices with the terminal poles of a respective switching ring associated pair of terminal poles of the buffer battery system.
  • three different voltage levels can be generated independently of each other via the three switching rings and each transferred to a pair of current bus bars.
  • Each pole of a battery module is connected via power electronic switching devices to three current bus bars.
  • Buffer battery system can be connected, in particular for stabilization.
  • the three phases can use the same battery modules, whereby the structure is particularly compact.
  • the buffer battery system comprises three pairs of terminal poles, and that the backup battery three
  • switching rings each comprising different Akkumodule, wherein for each switching ring, the poles each Akkumoduls over individually
  • Buffer battery system are binding bar.
  • three different voltage levels can be generated independently of one another via the three switching rings and in each case transferred to a pair of current busbars become.
  • the backup battery system comprises three pairs of connection poles, that the backup battery comprises only one switching ring, and that the poles of each accumulator module of the switching ring individually via three sets of power electronic switching devices with each of the three pairs of terminal poles of the backup battery system
  • the three voltage levels corresponds to a maximum of the voltage level of all battery modules of the switching ring in series.
  • three phases of an alternating voltage network can each be connected to the buffer battery system via a pair of terminal poles, in particular for stabilization.
  • series circuits of battery modules can be formed and used in the same switching ring, whereby the battery modules are used very efficiently.
  • Buffer battery system has three terminal poles that the backup battery comprises only one switching ring, and that the poles of each battery module of the switching ring individually via three sets of power electronic
  • This embodiment is for the connection of three phases of a three-phase AC mains in
  • Triangular circuit provided, in particular for the stabilization of the
  • one or more of the power electronic switching devices each have a first switching unit, which in each case comprises at least one semiconductor switching element, in particular a MOSFET or IGBT.
  • semiconductor switching elements With semiconductor switching elements, a particularly fast and damage-free switching is possible even at high currents and voltages. Furthermore, only small control voltages are needed.
  • MOSFETs or IGBTs can be used, the switching frequencies of a few kHz, about 5 kHz or more, preferably 10 kHz or more, more preferably 20 kHz or more, allow.
  • semiconductor switching elements can be used which have a reverse voltage of at least 600 V.
  • one or more of the power electronic switching devices each comprise a second switching unit in series with the first switching unit in addition to the first switching unit, the second switching unit each comprising at least one semiconductor switching element, in particular a MOSFET or IGBT.
  • Buffer battery system improved. If in the first switching unit or in the second switching unit one of the electronic power switching devices fails low resistance (short circuit), the respective other switching unit can interrupt the current flow through the power electronic switching device and thus the safety of the buffer battery system
  • the first and / or the second switching unit each comprise a plurality, preferably at least four, particularly preferably at least eight, semiconductor switching elements connected in parallel with each other.
  • the possible current that can be switched with the switching units can be increased.
  • the Switching unit is lowered when it is switched to a conductive state.
  • the power loss in the respective switching unit can thus (compared to a single semiconductor switching element) are reduced to the fraction corresponding to the number of parallel-connected semiconductor switching elements.
  • the individual semiconductor switching elements preferably have a contact resistance of at most 20 milliohms, particularly preferably at most 10 milliohms. This is of particular importance when currents of up to 250 A or even up to 400 A flow through the switching units.
  • one or more of the power-electronic switching devices each comprise, in addition to the first switching unit, a mechanical relay connected in series with the first switching unit.
  • the reliability of the buffer battery system can be further improved by a galvanic isolation, especially if the backup battery system is switched off for a long time, such as for a repair.
  • the mechanical relay aligns in an open
  • Switching state a mechanical interruption of a Stromleitpfades the respective power electronic switching device.
  • hybrid switches can be used consisting of a parallel connection of a relay and a power electronic switching device.
  • the battery modules each have a maximum voltage of less than 60 V, and that all
  • power electronic switching devices are designed so that they lock in a control voltage-free state.
  • a voltage level of less than 60 V per battery module can be dispensed with various safety precautions, such as a contact protection for terminals of the battery modules
  • Switching devices go into a blocking state when no control voltage is applied to them, it is ensured that not unintentionally, for example during storage of the backup battery system in times of
  • Non - use, several accumulator modules are interconnected and / or a battery module or more battery modules with the terminal poles of the
  • Buffer battery system can be connected. This will be the
  • Voltage level (end of charge voltage) of a battery module is 48 V.
  • Buffer battery are formed similar. This simplifies the structure of the buffer battery system and the control of the wiring of the Akkumoduie.
  • the scope of the present invention also includes a vehicle
  • Electric vehicle characterized in that the vehicle comprises a buffer battery system according to the invention.
  • the backup battery system can be used while driving in the electric vehicle as a traction battery
  • the Switchability according to the invention of the voltage level of the backup battery additionally allows adaptation to other tasks, such as the stabilization of a connected AC voltage network or the supply of a consumer with AC power, especially in the parked state.
  • the arrangement of the backup battery on a vehicle allows a particularly flexible use, in particular a simple shipment to a local grid connection or an immobile consumer.
  • Traction battery of an electric vehicle or the storage battery of a range extender trailer a high capacity (usually 20 kWh or more), so that a noticeable stabilization contribution can be made in a typical public AC network.
  • a buffer battery system or vehicle according to the invention described above also falls within the scope of the present invention, the buffer battery system being used at least temporarily in a method according to the invention described above and / or for supplying one or more consumers with power, in particular alternating current.
  • the variable interconnection of the battery modules according to the invention makes it possible to adapt the voltage level to a particular task, which can be used in particular for stabilizing an AC voltage network or local supply to consumers ("island operation") simultaneously (“hybrid operation"). For this purpose, it may be useful to provide separate sets of interconnecting means and connection poles for grid stabilization and supply to the load or loads.
  • State control can alternatively central at the
  • the vehicle or a towing vehicle, to which the vehicle is attached is supplied with traction current from the buffer battery.
  • Electric vehicles or used as storage batteries of Range Extender trailers for electric vehicles can in the supply area of a
  • AC mains a variety of backup batteries available be put. While a backup battery is needed for a trip, it does not (temporarily) participate in the stabilization function. After a drive, the backup battery usually has to be connected to a power source, usually the public AC power supply, for recharging anyway. Since the stabilization function according to the invention basically requires no external infrastructure (from the mains connection, for example a socket, apart), participation in the stabilization function for the public alternating voltage network can then be undertaken without additional expenditure. Note that for grid stabilization over current drain, the backup battery must not be fully charged, and for grid stabilization via power feed, the backup battery must not be fully discharged.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic overview of voltage conditions on a buffer battery in a first variant of the method according to the invention, wherein the backup battery interconnects only two battery modules.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic overview of voltage conditions on a buffer battery in the context of a second variant of the method according to the invention, wherein the buffer battery connects ten battery modules and an AC voltage is reproduced in a staircase-like manner;
  • FIG. 3a shows a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a buffer battery system according to the invention, with ten accumulator modules in a switching ring and a pair of terminal poles.
  • Fig. 3b is a schematic circuit diagram of a power electronic
  • Switching device for the buffer battery system of Fig. 3a a schematic Schaitpian a second embodiment of a buffer battery system according to the invention, with ten Akkumoduien, each belonging to three switching rings and three pairs of terminal poles; 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a buffer battery system according to the invention, with 27th
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of a buffer battery system according to the invention, with 16
  • Fig. 7a is a schematic view of an electric vehicle with a
  • a schematic view of the electric vehicle of Fig. 7a while driving
  • a schematic view of a range extender trailer with a buffer battery system according to the invention in the parked state
  • a schematic view of the range extender trailer of Figure 7c while driving, pulled by an electric car.
  • a schematic view of a charging station comprising a buffer battery system according to the invention, for charging an electric vehicle
  • Fig. 7f is a schematic view of a residential building with a
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view of an AC voltage network in which vehicles with inventive
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of a buffer battery system according to the invention, with 24th
  • Fig. 1 illustrates in a diagram the time course of various electrical voltages in the context of the inventive method for stabilizing an AC voltage network, in a first variant.
  • An AC voltage network to be stabilized is connected to a buffer battery system according to the invention (not shown).
  • the (instantaneous) AC voltage 100 of the alternating voltage network has a sinusoidal course over the time t (applied to the right), with a positive half-wave 110 between the times t1 and t2, and a negative half-wave 20 between the times t2 and t3.
  • t1, t2 and t3 At times t1, t2 and t3, in each case zero transitions of the alternating voltage 100 take place.
  • the AC voltage 100 continues periodically, but for simplicity only one period T is shown.
  • the alternating voltage here has a sol frequency of 50 Hz and a
  • a buffer battery is used for this purpose, which in the variant shown here two battery modules with a maximum
  • the two battery modules are connected in series in a first operating mode, so that the backup battery has a total voltage position 01 of about 380 V. Since the number of serial battery modules of two in the first operating mode (aging and
  • the 380 V is also the maximum voltage level of the back-up battery 103 in the first operating mode.
  • the buffer battery is here during the first half-wave 110 between the times t4 and t5 in a time interval D1, here 1/4 of a
  • Period T corresponding to switched to the AC mains. Since the voltage level 101 is above the instantaneous voltage of the AC voltage 100, current flows from the backup battery into the AC voltage network. During the times from t1 to t4 and from t5 to t2, the backup battery is decoupled here from the AC voltage network. The times t4 and t5 have the same distance from the time t6 at which the AC voltage 100 has its maximum value. Note that to conserve the battery modules between 14 and t5 the current flow can be repeatedly interrupted briefly (pulsed current).
  • Backup battery can then in turn with a voltage level 101, which is higher than the instantaneous voltage of the AC voltage in the reversed second half-wave 120a, current are fed into the AC mains. Otherwise, the stabilization during the second half-wave 120 is analogous to the first half-wave 110.
  • the two battery modules of the backup battery are connected in parallel in a second operating mode here.
  • the backup battery then has a voltage level 102 of approximately 90 V as a whole. Since the wiring of the battery modules in the second operating mode is not changed, set (apart from aging and discharge effects), these 190 V and the maximum
  • the buffer battery is here during the first half-wave 110 between the times t7 and t8 in a time interval D2, here about 1/8 of a
  • Period T corresponding to switched to the AC mains. Since the voltage level 102 is below the instantaneous voltage of the AC voltage 100, current flows from the AC voltage network in the backup battery. Note that to protect the battery modules between t7 and t8, the current flow can be repeatedly interrupted briefly (pulsed current). During the times from t1 to t7 and from t8 to t2, the backup battery is decoupled here from the AC voltage network. The times t7 and t8 have the same distance from the time t6 at which the AC voltage 100 has its maximum value.
  • the coupling of the alternating voltage network to the backup battery is in turn reversed.
  • the backup battery can then in turn with a voltage level 102, which is lower than the instantaneous voltage of the AC voltage in the reversed second half-wave 120a, current are removed from the AC mains. Otherwise, the stabilization during the second half-wave 20 is analogous to the first Halbweile 1 0.
  • Phase offset 130 against the AC voltage 100 done. If the application of the backup battery does not start until time t7 ⁇ , which is a little later than t7, and it ends at time t8 ', which is a little later than t8, an asymmetry of the times t7' and t8 'with respect to the time t6 results reaching the peak voltage 105 of the AC voltage 100.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a diagram of a second variant of the invention
  • AC voltage network The parameters of the AC voltage network correspond to the parameters presented for FIG. 1, so that only the differences with respect to the buffer battery used and their connection will be discussed below.
  • the available for the stabilization buffer battery here has ten battery modules, each having a nominal voltage of 38 volts. Any number of these battery modules can be connected in series with each other and switched to the AC voltage network.
  • a step-shaped voltage level 101 is used.
  • two battery modules are connected in series (corresponding to 76 V).
  • the instantaneous AC voltage 100 has reached 8 times the voltage level of one battery module, and ten battery modules are in series thereafter
  • the AC voltage then reaches its maximum at 338 V at t6, but no longer 9 times the voltage level of a battery module (342 V).
  • the number of battery modules of the series connection is again reduced by one Akkumodui when the current voltage again reaches the value at the last number change.
  • the instantaneous AC voltage 100 has dropped back to 8 times the voltage level of a battery module, and the number of battery modules in the series circuit is correspondingly reduced to nine.
  • This procedure ensures that the voltage level 101 of the backup battery always by 1 to 2 times the voltage level of a
  • Battery module is above the instantaneous voltage 100 of the AC voltage, so that over the entire half-wave 1 0 current can be fed into the AC mains.
  • the voltage difference remains limited, so that excessive loading of the battery modules is avoided.
  • Tension 101 of the backup battery and the AC voltage 100 always between 11, 2% and 22.5%, based on the peak voltage 105 of the AC voltage 100 at t6.
  • a power supply is connected during the half-wave 110 over 100% of the time. Please note that to protect the battery modules between the current flow can be repeatedly interrupted briefly (pulsed current).
  • Voltage distortion (in particular high-frequency interference) minimized in the AC network.
  • a likewise tension-type voltage layer 102 is used. As long as the AC voltage 100 is less than twice the voltage level of a single Akkumoduls, here between t1 and t13 remains the backup battery decoupled from the AC mains. If the
  • AC voltage 100 has increased by the voltage of a battery module (ie by 38 V to a total of 114 V), here at t14, another battery module is added in series, so that from there two battery modules are connected in series, corresponding to a voltage of 76 V. , and so on.
  • the instantaneous AC voltage 100 has reached 8 times the voltage level of a battery module, and seven battery modules are then connected in series (maximum voltage level 104 at 266 V).
  • the instantaneous AC voltage 100 then reaches its maximum of 338 V at t6, but not more than 9 times the voltage level of a battery module (342 V).
  • the number of battery modules of the Senenscnies is again reduced by a battery module when the instantaneous voltage 100 again reaches the value at the last number change.
  • the instantaneous AC voltage 100 has again dropped to 8 times the voltage level of a battery case, and the number of battery modules in the series circuit is reduced to six.
  • the instantaneous voltage 100 has dropped by the voltage level of a single Akkumoduls, here at t12, if the current
  • Fig. 3a shows a schematic circuit diagram of a first
  • Embodiment of a buffer battery system 2 comprises a buffer battery 4 with here ten similar battery modules 6.1 to 6.10, for example with a maximum voltage of 38 V each (see FIG.
  • the battery modules 6.1 to 6.10 are arranged in a switching ring 38.
  • Opposite poles 40a, 40b of adjacent battery modules 6.1 to 6.10 of the switching ring 38 are electrically connected to each other via power electronic Schait Publisheden 42.
  • the positive pole 40a of the battery module 6.2 via a power electronic switching device 42 with the negative terminal 40b of the battery module 6.3 connectable, and the Piuspol 6.3 of
  • Battery module 6.3 is connected via a power electronic switching device with the negative terminal of the battery module 6.4. Note that the battery modules 6.10 and 6.1 are also adjacent in the switching ring 38, cf. the power line 11 with the power electronic switching device 42. For simplicity, here and below the power electronic switching devices 42 are shown as a simple switch.
  • the positive poles 40a of the battery modules 6.1 to 6.10 are each individually on the upper bus bar 46, and the negative poles 40b are individually switchable to the lower bus bar 47.
  • the power electronic switching devices 42, 44 thereby form
  • the buffer battery saw system 2 furthermore has a pair of connecting poles 16a, 16b, in particular for connection to a stabilizer
  • connection poles 16a, 16b are over a
  • Feed regulator 17 connected to the backup battery 4.
  • Each of the current bus bars 46, 47 is each over two
  • power electronic switching devices 18.1 to 18.4 optionally connectable to the terminal poles 16a, 16b of the buffer battery system 2.
  • the pair of terminal poles 16a, 16b is thus a set 19 of four
  • each pole 40a, 40b of each battery module 6.1-6.10 can optionally be connected to each of the connection poles 16a, 16b.
  • the power electronic switching devices 18.1 to 18.4, 42, 44 are driven by an electronic control device 12 to the
  • Backup battery system 2 is here between the terminal pole 16b and each of the two current busbars 46, 47 each an ammeter
  • ⁇ Ammeter 26 arranged. Furthermore, a voltage measuring device (voltmeter) 50 is arranged here between the connection poles 16a, 16b.
  • Electronic control device 12 can use the measured values of the current measuring devices 26 and the voltage measuring device 50 in order to obtain information about the
  • Control device selected two battery modules 6.1 and 6.2 and connected in series (see the closed power electronic switch 42 between the battery modules 6.1 and 6.2).
  • the battery modules 6.1, 6.2 are connected via two of the power electronic switching devices 44 (cf.
  • any desired mutually adjacent accumulator modules 6.1-6.10 are selected for series connection by the switching ring 38 and fed to the current busbar 46, 47 can be switched;
  • the switched on battery modules can also be changed in a rolling manner ("rotated") in order to obtain a uniform loading of the battery modules (“module balancing").
  • the left-side terminal pole 16a is associated with the positive poles 40a of the battery modules 6.1 to 6.10
  • power electronic switching devices 18.1 to 18.4 also be set up a reversal of the Polverscnies, here by all
  • Switching devices 18.1 to 18.4 can with the voltage of the
  • Buffer battery system 2 a sinusoidal profile of an AC voltage at the terminal poles 16a, 16b are approximately simulated.
  • Control device 12 then have the function of an AC-DC converter.
  • Buffer battery 4 to be charged to an AC power grid, without using a rectifier or transformer is used.
  • Backup battery 4 from the alternating voltage network is preferably carried out when there is an oversupply of electricity in the alternating voltage network.
  • FIG. 3b shows a schematic circuit diagram of a power electronic switching device 18.1-18.4, 42, 44 of the buffer battery system of FIG. 3a.
  • the power electronic switching device 18.1-18.4, 42, 44 here has a first switching unit 52.
  • the first switching unit 52 here comprises eight semiconductor switching elements 20 connected in parallel to each other.
  • the power electronic switching device 18.1 -18.4, 42, 44 here has a second switching unit 54, which is connected in series with the first switching unit 52.
  • the second switching unit 54 here likewise comprises eight semiconductor switching elements 20 connected in parallel to each other. The series connection of the first and second switching units 52, 54 prevents unwanted switching through in the event of a low-impedance failure of a single semiconductor switching element 20.
  • the power electronic switching device 18.1-18.4, 42, 44 here a mechanical relay 56.
  • the mechanical relay 56 is connected in series with the first switching unit 52 and the second switching unit 54.
  • the power electronic switching device 18.1-18.4, 42, 44 is thus designed here as a hybrid switch, which can set up a galvanic isolation.
  • the semiconductor switching elements 20 disconnect the relay 56 immediately and with a small design-related delay.
  • the relay 56 is only designed for the current carrying capacity, since a separation of the current flow through the semiconductor switching elements 20 is provided.
  • the semiconductor switching elements 20 of the first switching unit 52 and of the second switching unit 54 are designed here as MOSFETs.
  • the semiconductor switching elements 20 are here in a blocking state when no control voltage is applied to them.
  • the mechanical relay 56 locks when no control voltage is applied to it.
  • the mechanical relay 56 makes a mechanical interruption of a Stromleitpfades 58 before.
  • Backup battery system can be increased, since an undesirable switching of battery modules is avoided on connection poles of the backup battery system.
  • the semiconductor switching elements 20 of the first switching unit 52 and the second switching unit 54 may be switched by the electronic control device (not shown) with a small time delay, typically from 0.5 ms to 2.0 ms. This has advantages in the field of control. It is then possible only in overlapping periods of a current flow.
  • Control voltage for switching the semiconductor switching elements 20 and the mechanical relay 56 to a conductive state may be 5 V, for example.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of a buffer battery system 2 according to the invention. In the following, the differences to the design of FIG. 3a will be explained in particular.
  • the buffer battery system 2 is here equipped with three pairs of connection poles 16a-16f.
  • the first pair of terminal poles 16a, 16b is for a first phase
  • the second pair of terminal poles 16c, 16d is for a second phase
  • the third pair of terminal poles 16e, 16f is for a third phase of a three-phase AC mains.
  • the backup battery 4 here again comprises ten battery modules 6.1 to 6.10.
  • three switching rings 38.1, 38.2, 38.3 are set up, the battery modules 6.1 to 6.10 in this embodiment in each case belong to all three Schaitringen 38.1, 38.2, 38.3.
  • Each switching ring 38.1-38.3 comprises a set of power electronic switching devices 42.1, 42.2, 42.3, with which opposite poles of adjacent battery modules 6.1 to 6.10 can be electrically connected.
  • for each switching ring 38.1-38.3 is a set of power electronic switching devices
  • a separate voltage level can be established at the bus bars 46.1-46.3, 47.1-47.3 of a respective associated switching ring 38.1-38.3 corresponding to the battery modules 6.1 to 6.10 connected in series in this switching ring 38.1 to 38.3.
  • the battery modules 6.1 to 6.8 are connected in series
  • the battery modules connected to 6.4 to 6.7 in series
  • the battery modules 6.8 to 6.1 are connected in series; the remaining ones
  • Battery modules are electrically separated with respect to the respective switching ring 38.1 - 38.3.
  • the current busbars 46.1, 47.1 of the assigned first switching ring 38.1 via a first set 19.1 of power electronic switching devices 18.1 to 18.4 with the
  • Connection poles 16a, 16b connectable, via the switching position of the power electronic Schattuneen 18.1 to 18.4, the polarity at the terminal poles 16a, 16b is selectable. Accordingly, the
  • the electronic control device 12 can track the voltage conditions of all three connected to the terminal poles 16a-16f phases of an alternating voltage network time resolved and provide independent stabilization by feeding power into the grid or current drain from the network at the individual phases, wherein for each pair of terminal poles or each phase its own voltage level of the backup battery can be established.
  • the programming electronic switching device 12 allows in this embodiment, the allocation of a battery module to up to two series circuits (in two switching rings 38.1-38.3). This can be realized here with the ten battery modules 6.1-6.10 a circuit in the the damper rings 38.1, 38.2, 38.3 in total use sixteen accumulator modules at the same time.
  • the only simply used Akkumoduie in the switching position shown just the battery modules 6.2, 6.3, 6.9, 6.10) are cyclicallyteurvariiert in order to charge the battery modules 6.1 -6.10 on average over time.
  • the poles 16b, 16d, 16f are connected together, and therefore, the buffer battery system 2 is arranged for a star connection of the three phases.
  • Fig. 5 is a third embodiment of an inventive
  • Buffer battery system 4 shown. Above all, the differences from the design of FIG. 3a will be explained below.
  • the buffer battery system 2 is here equipped with three pairs of connection poles 16a-16f.
  • the first pair of terminal poles 16a, 16b is for a first phase
  • the second pair of terminal poles 16c, 16d is for a second phase
  • the third pair of terminal poles 16e, 16f is for a third phase of a three-phase AC mains.
  • the buffer battery system 2 here essentially has three subsystems 141, 142, 143 which are respectively constructed in accordance with the buffer battery system of FIG. 3a.
  • the subsystem 141 here has new battery modules 6.1 to 6.9 in a first switching ring 38.1, so that over power electronic switching devices 42 gegen Eisene poles of adjacent battery modules 6.1 to 6.9 can be electrically connected, and the battery modules are 6.9 and 6.1 circuit technology adjacent. About power electronic switching devices 44, the poles of the battery modules 6.1 to 6.9 individually to an upper
  • the battery modules 6.10 to 6.18 can be used by the connecting poles 16c, 16d, and the battery modules 6.19 to 6.27 with the connecting poles 16c, 16d, and the battery modules 6.19 to 6.27 with the connecting poles 16c, 16d, and the battery modules 6.19 to 6.27 with the connecting poles 16c, 16d, and the battery modules 6.19 to 6.27 with the connecting poles 16c, 16d, and the battery modules 6.19 to 6.27 with the
  • Connection poles 16e, 6f are used.
  • the electronic control device 12 can track the voltage conditions of all three phases of an AC voltage network connected to the connecting poles 16a-6f in a time-resolved manner and to the individual ones
  • Phases provide independent stabilization by feeding power into the grid or withdrawing power from the grid, wherein for each pair of
  • Terminal poles 16a-16f or each phase its own voltage level of the respective subsystem 141-143 of the backup battery 4 can be set.
  • the battery modules 6.1 to 6.27 can be relieved in part because the battery modules 6.1-6.27 are each assigned to a fixed phase of the AC voltage network, and during the period of this phase the AC voltage varies in magnitude, so that temporarily less battery modules 6.1-6.27 are needed, to emulate the AC voltage.
  • the battery modules 6.1 to 6.8 (but not 6.9) in the first subsystem 141, further the battery modules 6.14 to 6.17 (but not 6.18, 6.10-6.13) in the second subsystem 142, and further the battery modules 6.25-6.19 (but not 6.20-6.24) in the third subsystem 143 in use (or involved in a series connection).
  • the unused accumulator modules are preferably cyclically varied in order to charge all accumulator modules 6.1-6.27 in the same time average.
  • the poles 16b, 16d, 16f may be interconnected as a "neutral" to one
  • Fig. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of an inventive
  • the buffer battery system 2 is here equipped with three pairs of connection poles 16a-16f.
  • the first pair of terminal poles 16a, 16b is for a first phase
  • the second pair of terminal poles 16c, 16d is for a second phase
  • the third pair of terminal poles 16e, 16f is for a third phase of a three-phase AC mains.
  • the backup battery 4 here has sixteen battery modules 6.1 to 6.16, which are integrated in a single switching ring 38. By means of power electronic switching devices 42, the opposing poles of adjacent battery modules 6.1 to 6.16 can be electrically connected, wherein
  • circuitry also the battery modules 6.16 and 6.1 are adjacent.
  • three sets of power electronic switching devices 44.1, 44.2, 44.3 are further provided for the Schaitring 38, with which each of the plus poles of the battery modules 6.1 to 6.16 individually to an associated upper Stromomsammeienen 46.1, 46.2, 46.3. and the negative terminals of the accumulator modules 6.1 to 6.16 individually to an associated lower Stromammenammeischiene 47.1, 47.2, 47.3 are switchable.
  • each battery module 6.1-6.16 may belong to a maximum of one series circuit, and to switch these three series circuits individually to the busbars 46.1-46.3 and 47.1-47.3.
  • the individual series circuits are thereby separated from open power electronic switching devices 42 in the switching ring 38.
  • the battery modules 6.1 to 6.8 form a series circuit which is connected to the busbars 46.1 and 47.1.
  • the battery modules 6.9 to 6.12 form a
  • FIG. 7a schematically shows a vehicle 200 according to the invention, here an electric vehicle 201, which is equipped with a buffer battery system 2 according to the invention.
  • the backup battery of the backup battery system 2 forms the
  • the backup battery system 2 When parked, the backup battery system 2 is connected to the public AC mains, here via a socket 202 of the dwelling house 203 of the vehicle owner. Meanwhile, not only the backup battery can be charged, but also the backup battery system 2 stabilizes the public AC power grid. While the electric vehicle 201 is running, cf. 7b, the backup battery of the backup battery system 2 supplies a traction electric drive of the electric vehicle 201 with electricity as a traction battery.
  • the traction drive is a consumer that is from the backup battery of the
  • Buffer battery system 2 is temporarily powered.
  • FIG. 7c schematically shows a vehicle 200, namely a range extender trailer 204 for an electric vehicle equipped with a buffer battery system 2 according to the invention.
  • Backup battery system 2 forms the storage battery of range extender trailer 204.
  • the backup battery system 2 In the parked state, the backup battery system 2 to the public AC voltage network, here via a socket 202 of the dwelling house 203 of the vehicle owner, connected. Meanwhile, not only the backup battery can be charged, but also the backup battery system 2 stabilizes the public AC power grid.
  • the buffer battery of the buffer battery system 2 supplies a storage battery with an electric traction drive of an electric vehicle 205 via a power line 206 with power; the electric vehicle 205 pulls as a towing vehicle 209 the range extender trailer 204.
  • the traction battery 207 of the electric vehicle 205 can be charged while driving from the backup battery of the backup battery system 2 of the range extender trailer 204.
  • Traction battery, 207 so far represents a consumer 208, which is temporarily powered from the backup battery of the backup battery system 2. Moreover, charging of the traction battery 207 of the electric vehicle 205 from the buffer battery of the buffer battery system 2 of the range extender trailer 204 can also take place in a parked state.
  • FIG. 7e schematically shows a charging station 210 (stationary charging station) for an electric vehicle 205.
  • the charging station 210 has an inventive charging station 210
  • Buffer battery system 2 on.
  • the backup battery system 2 is connected to a public alternating voltage network 300, which by means of
  • Buffer battery system 2 is temporarily stabilized, and from which the backup battery of the backup battery system 2 is recharged if necessary.
  • Buffer battery system 2 are connected to charge the traction battery 207 of the electric vehicle 205 by Schnelliadung from the backup battery; the traction battery 207 is then a consumer 208 of power.
  • the backup battery system 2 can be a higher charging power for
  • the charging station 210 may be publicly accessible, or even a private household can set up a charging station 20 by itself (for example in a car garage).
  • Fig. 7f shows a residential building 203, in which an inventive
  • Buffer battery system 2 is arranged.
  • the backup battery system 2 is connected to a photovoltaic system 21 1, which charges the backup battery of the backup battery system 2 in the sunshine.
  • a photovoltaic system 21 1 which charges the backup battery of the backup battery system 2 in the sunshine.
  • consumers 208 for example a washing machine 212, which can be supplied with alternating current from the buffer battery system 2.
  • the Backup battery system 2 is further connected to a public alternating voltage network 300, which is temporarily stabilized by means of the backup battery system 2.
  • FIG. 8 shows a public alternating voltage network 300 in one
  • a plurality of consumers 301 such as commercial and residential buildings, and at least one power generator 302, such as a power plant, are interconnected.
  • the consumers 301 take power from the AC power grid 300.
  • AC voltage network 300 buffer battery systems 2, approximately arranged in vehicles 200 (such as electric vehicles or range extender supporters), to the AC voltage network 300 to stabilize the
  • Backup battery systems 2 each autonomously and independently the stabilization requirement of the AC mains 300, and feed according to additional power in the AC mains 300 or remove additional power from the AC mains 300.
  • the AC mains 300 each autonomously and independently the stabilization requirement of the AC mains 300, and feed according to additional power in the AC mains 300 or remove additional power from the AC mains 300.
  • Backup battery systems 2 also from a control center, which is arranged for example at the power plant and determines a control line demand,
  • Fig. 9 shows a fifth embodiment of an inventive
  • Buffer battery system 2 similar to the embodiment of Fig. 6, so that mainly the essential differences are explained below.
  • the backup battery system 2 is here with three connection poles 16a-16c
  • connection poles 16a-16c are provided for a connection of a three-phase AC voltage network in delta connection.
  • the backup battery 4 has here twenty-four battery modules 6.1 to 6.24, which are integrated in a single switching ring 38.
  • the opposing poles 40a, 40b of adjacent battery modules 6.1 to 6.24 can be electrically connected by means of power-electronic switching devices 42, the battery modules 6.24 and 6.1 also being adjacent in circuit technology.
  • each battery module 6.1-6.16 may belong to a maximum of one series circuit, and to connect these three series circuits individually to the current bus bars 46.1-46.3 and 47.1-47.3.
  • the individual series circuits are thereby separated from open power electronic switching devices 42 in the switching ring 38.
  • the accumulator modules 6.1 to 6.12 form a series circuit which is connected to the current busbars 46.1 and 47.1.
  • the accumulator modules 6.13 to 6.18 form a
  • Terminal pole 16a-16c with another pair of lower ones
  • connection pole 16a can be connected to the current busbars 46.1, 46.3, 47.1 and 47.3; the connection pole 16b can be connected to the current busbars 46.1, 46.2, 47.1 and 47.2. Finally, the connection pole 16c can be connected to the current busbars 46.2, 46.3, 47.2 and 47.3.
  • Current busbars 46.1-46.3 and 47.1-47.3 can be individually opened and closed by three sets 19.1-19.3 of power electronic switching devices.
  • the set 19.1 for the connection pole 16a includes, for example, the power electronic switching devices 18.1-18.4.
  • the negative poles of the series circuits 6.1-6.12 and 6.19-6.24 are connected to the connecting pole 16a, the positive poles of the series circuits 6.1-6.12 and 6.13-6.18 continue on the connecting pole 16b, and the negative pole of the series circuit 6.13 continues to the connecting pole 16c - 6.18 and the plus pole of the serial connection 6.19-6.24.
  • Feed-in regulator 17 can be monitored with voltage measuring devices 50 in a time-resolved manner. The current flows to the backup battery 4 or im
  • Feed-in regulator 17 can be monitored in a time-resolved manner with ammeters 26.

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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de stabilisation d'un réseau électrique alternatif (300), selon lequel une fréquence momentanée d'une tension alternative (100) est surveillée dans le réseau (300) et, durant des premières périodes de temps, durant lesquelles la fréquence momentanée est en dessous d'une première valeur de consigne, un courant supplémentaire est injecté dans le réseau (300), tandis que, durant des deuxièmes périodes de temps, durant lesquelles la fréquence momentanée est au-dessus d'une deuxième valeur de consigne, un courant supplémentaire est prélevé du réseau (300). Le procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'on emploie, pour la stabilisation du réseau électrique (300), une batterie tampon (4), qui comprend plusieurs modules d'accumulateur (6.1 - 6.27) pouvant être connectés de différentes manières, à savoir durant les premières périodes de temps, au moins temporairement dans un premier mode opératoire, les modules d'accumulateurs (6.1 - 6.27) sont connectés de sorte qu'une valeur de tension (101) de la batterie tampon (4) est maintenue au-dessus de la tension momentanée (100) du réseau (300), et que durant les deuxièmes périodes de temps, au moins temporairement dans un deuxième mode opératoire, les modules d'accumulateurs (6.1 - 6.27) sont connectés de sorte que la valeur de tension (102) de la batterie tampon (4) est maintenue en dessous de la tension momentanée (100) du réseau (300), une valeur de tension maximale (103) de la batterie tampon (4) durant le premier mode opératoire est supérieure à la valeur de tension maximale (104) de la batterie tampon (4) durant le deuxième mode opératoire, et en ce que le réseau (300) est un réseau alternatif (300) triphasé, dont les trois phases sont stabilisées simultanément au moyen de la batterie tampon (4). L'invention présente une possibilité simple pour la stabilisation d'un réseau électrique alternatif, en particulier, en particulier des batteries pouvant être employées également pour d'autres buts, par exemple des batteries d'accumulateurs pour un courant photovoltaïque, des batteries de traction dans des véhicules électriques ou des batteries d'accumulateur de remorques d'extension d'autonomie pour des véhicules électriques.
PCT/EP2016/063618 2015-06-24 2016-06-14 Procédé de stabilisation d'un réseau électrique alternatif WO2016207026A1 (fr)

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DE102015211682.4A DE102015211682A1 (de) 2015-06-24 2015-06-24 Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines elektrischen Wechselspannungsnetzes

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