WO2012089361A2 - Système comportant un moteur électrique - Google Patents

Système comportant un moteur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012089361A2
WO2012089361A2 PCT/EP2011/068712 EP2011068712W WO2012089361A2 WO 2012089361 A2 WO2012089361 A2 WO 2012089361A2 EP 2011068712 W EP2011068712 W EP 2011068712W WO 2012089361 A2 WO2012089361 A2 WO 2012089361A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
electric machine
intermediate circuit
hand
controllable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/068712
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012089361A3 (fr
Inventor
Martin Kessler
Ralph Schmidt
Peter Feuerstack
Erik Weissenborn
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2012089361A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012089361A2/fr
Publication of WO2012089361A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012089361A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/52—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by DC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/40—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
    • H02J7/1492—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/40—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries adapted for charging from various sources, e.g. AC, DC or multivoltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system with an electrical machine, which is controlled by means of a controllable first energy storage and supplied with electrical energy, and a method for operating the system according to the invention.
  • Wind turbines as well as in vehicles such as hybrid or electric vehicles, increasingly electronic systems are used that combine new energy storage technologies with electric drive technology.
  • an electric machine e.g. is designed as a rotating field machine, controlled by a converter in the form of an inverter.
  • Characteristic of such systems is a so-called DC voltage intermediate circuit, via which an energy store, usually a battery, is connected to the DC side of the inverter.
  • an energy store usually a battery
  • multiple battery cells are connected in series. Since the power provided by such an energy store must flow through all the battery cells and a battery cell can only conduct a limited current, battery cells are often additionally connected in parallel in order to increase the maximum current.
  • Wind turbines it may in unfavorable conditions, such as strong Wnd, even come to safety-threatening situations. Therefore, it is always high Reliability of the energy storage, where "reliability" is the ability of a system to work for a given time error-free.
  • the battery module strands in this case have a plurality of battery modules connected in series, each battery module having at least one battery cell and an associated controllable coupling unit, which allows depending on control signals to interrupt the respective battery module strand or to bridge the respectively associated at least one battery cell or each assigned to switch at least one battery cell in the respective battery module string.
  • suitable activation of the coupling units e.g. with the help of pulse width modulation, suitable phase signals for controlling the electrical machine can be provided, so that on a separate
  • Pulse inverter can be dispensed with.
  • the required for controlling the electrical machine pulse inverter is so to speak integrated into the battery.
  • these two earlier applications are fully incorporated into the present application.
  • the batteries described in the earlier applications DE 10 2010 027857 and DE 10 2010 027861 do not have a constant DC voltage available, so that such batteries are not readily available in conventional power grids, such as Bordnetze an electric or hybrid vehicle, can be integrated.
  • the present invention provides a system with an n-phase electric machine, with n> 1, which is controlled by means of a controllable first energy storage and supplied with electrical energy, wherein the controllable first energy storage having n parallel power supply branches.
  • the energy supply branches are on the one hand with a reference rail and on the other hand connected to a respective phase of the electrical machine.
  • An intermediate circuit can be coupled on the one hand with a neutral point of the electric machine and on the other hand with the reference rail.
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating a
  • the voltages at the power supply branches are respectively increased to a value which is above a voltage value currently required for the power supply of the electrical machine for the purpose of supplying energy directly or indirectly to the intermediate circuit connected electrical loads (10, 10 ').
  • the invention is based on the basic idea of coupling to the neutral point of the electric machine a DC link via which electrical consumers, e.g. Consumers in a vehicle electrical system, either directly or indirectly, e.g. can be supplied via a DC-DC converter, with a DC voltage, which on the other hand, however, can also be used to connect additional energy sources with the system, which can support the controllable first energy storage in the supply of electrical energy and / or
  • Load energy storage cells of the controllable first energy storage are characterized in particular by an easily realizable and therefore cost-effective circuit topology.
  • conventional control of the controllable first energy storage is located on the
  • Energy storage can be increased or decreased respectively to a value which above or below a currently required for the power supply of the electric machine
  • Pulse width modulation result at the star point positive and negative, rectangular voltage blocks with the drive frequency, for example 3-6 kHz. These can, however simply with the help of a filter, which between the electrical machine and the
  • the filter has to be designed with a correspondingly low corner frequency.
  • the intermediate circuit is a first
  • the second energy storage is designed as a low-voltage energy storage, this must typically for safety reasons galvanically from the high or
  • DC-DC converter designed as a DC-DC converter with galvanic isolation.
  • a second DC-DC converter which adapts a third voltage level at the neutral point of the electric machine and the first voltage level of the DC link to one another, can also be connected.
  • the DC-DC converter can e.g. be configured as a boost converter, which the
  • Voltage level can be supplied from the DC link.
  • the second DC-DC converter is bidirectional, it can be used in the reverse direction as a buck converter for charging the controllable first energy store.
  • the intermediate circuit can be connected directly or indirectly with at least one additional direct current source.
  • additional energy source By coupling an additional energy source, it is possible to provide additional electrical energy available and in this way, for example, the range of
  • the energy provided can be Depending on the current operating state of the controllable energy storage and the electrical machine either for charging energy storage cells of the controllable energy source or to support the controllable energy source in the
  • Power supply of the electric machine can be used.
  • the DC link can be coupled to the star point of the electric machine, for example via a boost converter directed from the DC link to the electric machine.
  • the injected current can then over the
  • Duty cycle of the boost converter can be adjusted.
  • the regulation of the controllable first energy storage device sets the correct voltages at each point in time
  • Step-up converter is also advantageous since the intermediate circuit voltage can be below the maximum phase voltage here.
  • a diode of the boost converter prevents a reverse current in the DC link.
  • the supply of all energy supply branches of the controllable first energy storage takes place simultaneously.
  • a particularly efficient high-input power supply can be achieved when the DC source includes a range extender with a generator driven by an internal combustion engine
  • Generator can be designed as a DC generator or as an alternator with downstream rectifier.
  • any other direct current sources such as e.g. Fuel cells, photovoltaic modules or wind turbines, are used. Basically, any number of DC sources in any
  • a charging device for charging the controllable first energy storage device, however, it is also possible to connect a charging device to the intermediate circuit, which connects the intermediate circuit to an external energy supply network, in particular a public electricity network.
  • an external energy supply network in particular a public electricity network.
  • Energy storage cells bridged or switches the respective associated energy storage cells in the respective power supply branch.
  • the dual function of the controllable energy storage namely control and power supply of the electric machine can be realized in a particularly simple and efficient way.
  • the increase or decrease of the voltages at the energy supply branches provided for shifting the voltage potential at the neutral point can be achieved in such an embodiment of the controllable first energy store in that the energy storage cells each have one or more
  • the connected energy storage modules of a power supply branch can also be changed during operation to ensure a uniform load. As soon as a load current is drawn from the star point, the sinusoidal currents in the power supply branches shift upwards by one third of the magnitude of this load current. It is also possible to directly use the voltage at the star point of the electric machine, without extra energy storage modules in the
  • the coupling unit of the controllable first energy store is configured as a full bridge, positive and negative, rectangular voltage blocks with the drive frequency occur at the star point.
  • Rectifier unit in particular a one- or full-wave rectification is connected, so the resulting positive potential can be used directly.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a
  • FIGS 1 to 5 show schematic representations of embodiments of a system according to the invention.
  • a controllable first energy storage 2 is connected to a three-phase electric machine 1.
  • the controllable first energy storage 2 is connected to a three-phase electric machine 1.
  • Energy storage 2 comprises three power supply branches 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3, which on the one hand with a reference potential T- (reference rail), which in the illustrated Embodiments with respect to phases U, V, W of the electric machine performs an average potential, and on the other hand in each case with the individual phases U, V, W of the electric machine 1 are connected.
  • Each of the power supply branches 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 has m series-connected energy storage modules 4-1 1 to 4-1m and 4-21 to 4-2m and 4-31 to 4-3m, respectively 2.
  • the energy storage modules 4 each comprise a plurality of series-connected electrical energy storage cells which, for reasons of clarity, are provided only in the energy supply branch 3-3 connected to the phase W of the electric machine 1 with reference numerals 5-31 to 5-3m.
  • the energy storage modules 4 further comprise one each
  • the coupling units are each formed by four controllable switching elements 7-31 1, 7-312, 7-313 and 7-314 to 7-3m1, 7- 3m2, 7-3m3 and 7-3m4, which in shape a full bridge are connected.
  • the switching elements may be used as power semiconductor switches, e.g. in the form of IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) or as MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors).
  • the coupling units 6 make it possible to interrupt the respective power supply branch 3 by opening all switching elements 7 of a coupling unit 6.
  • the energy storage cells 5 can either be bridged by closing two of the switching elements 7 of a coupling unit 6, e.g.
  • Power supply branch 3 are switched, for. Close the switches 7-312 and 7-313.
  • Switching elements 7 of the coupling units 6 can be adjusted in stages.
  • Energy storage module 4 times the number m of per energy supply branch 3 in series energy storage modules. 4
  • the coupling units 6 thus allow the phases U, V, W of the electric machine 1 either against a high reference potential or a low
  • the power and operating mode of the electric machine 1 can be controlled by the controllable first energy store 2 with suitable control of the coupling units 6.
  • the controllable first energy storage 2 thus fulfills a dual function insofar as on the one hand it serves, on the other hand, the electric power supply but also the control of the electric machine 1.
  • the electric machine 1 has stator windings 8-U, 8-V and 8-W, which are connected in a known manner in star connection with each other.
  • the electric machine 1 is designed as a three-phase three-phase machine in the illustrated embodiments, but may also have fewer or more than three phases.
  • the number of power supply branches 3 in the controllable first energy store 2 also depends on the number of phases of the electrical machine.
  • each energy storage module 4 has a plurality of energy storage cells 5 connected in series.
  • Energy storage modules 4 may alternatively have only a single energy storage cell or parallel energy storage cells.
  • the coupling units 6 are each formed by four controllable switching elements 7 in the form of a full bridge, which also offers the possibility of a voltage reversal at the output of the energy storage module .
  • the coupling units 6 can also be realized by more or less controllable switching elements, as long as the necessary functions
  • Energy supply cells in the power supply branch can be realized.
  • the coupling units can also be designed in the form of Hall bridges. Such embodiments are shown by way of example in the older applications DE 10 2010 027857 and DE 10 2010 027861.
  • a DC link (DC intermediate circuit) 10 in the form of a DC link capacitor 10 ' connected ( Figure 1).
  • an average potential of T- In conventional control of the controllable first energy storage 2 is located at the neutral point S, an average potential of T-. However, this potential can be shifted by the energy storage cells 5 each having one or more energy storage modules 4 of each energy supply branch 3
  • Energy storage modules 4 of a power supply branch 3 can also be changed during operation in order to ensure a uniform loading of the energy storage cells 4. As soon as a load current is drawn from the neutral point S, the sinusoidal currents in the power supply branches 3 are shifted upwards by in each case one third of the magnitude of this load current. Due to the control of the controllable first energy storage device 2 with pulse width modulation arise at the neutral point S positive and negative, rectangular voltage blocks with the drive frequency. These can be easily smoothed by a filter 11 with a low corner frequency, which is connected between the electric machine 1 and the reference rail T- on the one hand and the DC link 10 on the other.
  • a first DC-DC converter 14 is connected downstream, which adjusts a first medium voltage level of the DC link 10 to a second low-voltage level of a second energy storage device 15.
  • Low-voltage consumers 12 which can be supplied with electrical energy from this can then be directly coupled to the second energy store 15.
  • the first DC-DC converter can also be designed with galvanic isolation.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a second embodiment of a system according to the invention. This differs from the first embodiment in that the filter 1 1 is replaced by a second DC-DC converter 20, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a boost converter. This offers the
  • Star point S so that from the intermediate circuit 10, for. directly high-voltage consumers 12 'can be powered.
  • a bidirectional converter 30 is realized, which can be shared in the reverse direction as a buck converter for charging the energy storage cells 5 of the controllable first energy storage device 2 (see Figure 3).
  • a charger 31 for charging e.g. a charger 31 are connected to the intermediate circuit 10, which connects the intermediate circuit 10 with an external power supply network 32, in particular a public power grid.
  • the charger has e.g. a line filter 33, a downstream power factor correction 34 - often referred to as Power Factor Correction or Power Factor Compensation (PFC) - and optionally also a further DC-DC converter 35 on.
  • PFC Power Factor Correction or Power Factor Compensation
  • Power factor correction 34 regulates the recorded mains current by means of a circuit breaker to a sinusoidal course and thereby minimizes its
  • a typical implementation of a PFC circuit includes a bridge rectifier and a subsequent boost converter stage. Alternatively to an increase in the setting at the star point S.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a fourth embodiment of the invention, which allows the mentioned immediate use of the voltage potential at the neutral point S. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment shown in Figure 1 only in that between the filter 11 and the
  • a rectifier unit 40 is connected.
  • the rectifier unit 40 is a full-wave rectifier
  • Rectifier unit can be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the DC power source 51 comprises a range extender 52 known per se with an AC generator 54 driven by an internal combustion engine 53, to which a rectifier 55 is connected downstream.
  • a DC generator may also be provided.
  • any other DC sources such as those shown in FIG.
  • Fuel cells and / or photovoltaic modules are connected to the intermediate circuit 10.
  • the current fed into the star point S can be controlled by the duty cycle of the
  • Energy storage 2 sets at each time the correct voltages at the phases U, V, W of the electric machine 1 safely.
  • the boost converter 50 also allows the DC link voltage below a maximum
  • Phase voltage can be.
  • a diode 56 of the boost converter 50 prevents a reverse current in the intermediate circuit 10. In this arrangement, the supply of all energy supply branches of the controllable first energy storage takes place simultaneously.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système comportant un moteur électrique à n phases (1), commandé à l'aide d'un premier accumulateur d'énergie commandable (2) et alimenté en énergie électrique. L'accumulateur d'énergie commandable (2) comporte n branches parallèles d'alimentation en énergie (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) pouvant être connectées d'une part à un rail de référence (T-) et d'autre part à respectivement une phase (U, V, W) du moteur électrique (1). Un circuit intermédiaire (10) peut d'une part être couplé à un point neutre (S) du moteur électrique (1) et d'autre part au rail de référence (T-). Selon un procédé pour faire fonctionner le système, l'alimentation en énergie de récepteurs électrique (12, 13) connectés directement ou indirectement au circuit intermédiaire (10) est réalisée par augmentation ou abaissement des tensions sur les branches d'alimentation en énergie (3-1, 3-2, 3-3) à une valeur respectivement supérieure ou inférieure à une valeur de tension instantanée nécessaire à l'alimentation en énergie du moteur électrique (1).
PCT/EP2011/068712 2010-12-29 2011-10-26 Système comportant un moteur électrique WO2012089361A2 (fr)

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DE102010064325.4 2010-12-29
DE102010064325A DE102010064325A1 (de) 2010-12-29 2010-12-29 System mit einer elektrischen Maschine

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WO2012089361A3 WO2012089361A3 (fr) 2012-10-18

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CN104051803A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-17 罗伯特·博世有限公司 蓄电池单池单元及用于监控蓄电池单池的方法
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DE102013225884A1 (de) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Vorladen eines elektrischen Zwischenkreisspeichers
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