WO2011131655A2 - Système de production de courant et procédé destiné à faire fonctionner un tel système - Google Patents

Système de production de courant et procédé destiné à faire fonctionner un tel système Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011131655A2
WO2011131655A2 PCT/EP2011/056214 EP2011056214W WO2011131655A2 WO 2011131655 A2 WO2011131655 A2 WO 2011131655A2 EP 2011056214 W EP2011056214 W EP 2011056214W WO 2011131655 A2 WO2011131655 A2 WO 2011131655A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
inverter
current
generation system
power generation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/056214
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011131655A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Fricke
Mario Miskic
Gerhard Prinz
Original Assignee
Thomas Fricke
Mario Miskic
Gerhard Prinz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomas Fricke, Mario Miskic, Gerhard Prinz filed Critical Thomas Fricke
Publication of WO2011131655A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011131655A2/fr
Publication of WO2011131655A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011131655A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power generation system having at least one DC unit for providing a DC power obtained using regenerative energy, and at least one inverter, wherein the inverter is adapted to the input side of the
  • DC unit supplied DC to convert into an output side deliverable AC.
  • the alternating current is divisible into one
  • the present invention further relates to a method for
  • Previous power generation systems where DC power derived from renewable energy is converted to AC power, are designed for either feed-in to a utility's public grid or for island operation.
  • a designed for island operation power generation system of the photovoltaic generator or solar generator is not a public
  • Power supply network connected.
  • the electricity generated, more specifically the converted AC, is delivered directly to a consumer.
  • Such a power generation system usually has an energy storage, in the excess energy
  • Such an energy storage is usually in the form of a
  • Power generation system is the inverter to the public
  • Power supply network connected and is used for the grid feed.
  • storage units can usually be dispensed with.
  • the associated lossy storage of excess energy can be eliminated because the excess energy is simply fed into the public power grid.
  • electricity can in turn be drawn into the grid.
  • a power generation system designed for feed-in operation in the public grid can also be operated in a self-contained mode without grid feed, in which the energy provided by the photovoltaic generator is completely supplied to a consumer connected to the power generation system and thus no feed into the public Power supply network is done. This mode of operation is in principle to be compared or equated with the island operation described above.
  • a power generation system designed for feed-in operation uses specially designed inverters that operate on the principle of MPP (Maximum Power Point) tracking.
  • the inverter adjusts the current and the voltage of a photovoltaic generator connected to it in such a way that the photovoltaic generator is operated in its "maximum power point", ie the operating point in which the photovoltaic generator under the respective conditions, such as irradiance or temperature of the solar cells , which gives the highest possible performance.
  • MPP Maximum Power Point
  • inverters operating in constant voltage mode are used.
  • the input voltage of the photovoltaic generators is fixed at a certain setpoint and the inverter does not work on the principle of MPP tracking.
  • Such inverters are again not for the
  • Power generation systems are inflexible in their functionality and only with considerable additional effort to self-power operation without grid feed conversion, which makes such systems, especially smaller with a capacity of less than 30kW in many cases unprofitable.
  • a power generation system is to be set up which can be operated in both modes, namely stand-alone operation and feed-in operation in the public grid, then this power generation system is to be constructed from two separate subsystems, each of these two subsystems having a separate inverter which realizes for the respective operating mode is.
  • Disadvantages are the high technical complexity and the associated costs, which make especially solar systems with a capacity of less than 30kW for mixed operation unprofitable.
  • the present invention is concerned with the problem
  • Island operation and thus in own power operation without grid feed is operable as well as for the grid feed into the public power grid can be used. Furthermore, the invention is concerned with specifying a corresponding method for operating a power generation system.
  • the invention deals with it, even with smaller
  • Electricity generation plants with a capacity of less than 30kW and designed only for feed-in to the public power grid, by simple retrofitting and therefore without expensive
  • the present invention is based on the general idea
  • Power generation system further comprising at least a first sensor, with at least one current limiting unit and at least one
  • the control unit is designed to detect a plurality of different operating modes of the power generation system and to control at least the current limiting unit as a function of a detected operating mode.
  • the first sensor is arranged on the output side between the inverter and the public power supply network and adapted to detect a Netzanteil hind that the
  • the current-limiting unit is arranged on the input side between the DC unit and the inverter and designed to limit the DC input supplied to the inverter to a predefinable DC value.
  • the control unit controls the current limiting unit as a function of the network component size in such a way that it supplies the inverter
  • DC is limited to a DC consumption value, wherein the provided by the inverter AC approximately to the
  • control unit controls the current limiting unit independently of the
  • DC consumption value is limited, in which the AC power supplied by the inverter corresponds approximately to the AC consumer component supplied to the consumer, and the public
  • the first sensor is a current sensor, with which the supplied to the public power grid
  • the first sensor may also be a sensor with which a voltage value is detected, wherein the voltage value is to be converted in order to obtain a value for the AC network component.
  • the first sensor designed as a correspondingly sized shunt resistor.
  • the current limiting unit is advantageously designed controllable and has the function, the direct current, the inverter of the
  • DC unit is supplied to limit such that an overload of the DC unit associated with the inverter is excluded.
  • control unit is designed to detect at least the following operating modes of the power generation system:
  • the inverter provides AC power that is completely available as
  • the inverter provides AC power, simultaneously
  • This mode includes three sub-modes:
  • the inverter provides so much AC ready that the consumer for its operation, an AC consumer share is supplied and the not required for the operation of the consumer AC, the AC network share, the public
  • Power supply network is supplied.
  • the inverter does not provide enough AC power to meet the demand for AC power needed to operate the load.
  • the alternating current provided by the inverter is called AC consumer share supplied to the consumer.
  • the AC difference required for the operation of the load is obtained from the public grid,
  • the inverter provides AC power. Since, in this mode, no AC load share is to be supplied to a load, the AC power provided by the inverter can be fully shared with the public grid as an AC line share
  • control unit controls the
  • the control unit thus regulates the output voltage of the inverter and / or the current limiting unit so that the AC network share assumes approximately zero.
  • Inverter is provided, as in the first mode of the consumer for personal power consumption is just requested.
  • Control unit the current limiting unit such that through the Current limiting unit, the load curve of that photovoltaic module is simulated, for which the inverter is designed maximum.
  • the load curve of that photovoltaic module to which the inverter is tuned by the controllable current limiting unit replicated so that an overload of the inverter is excluded in all three sub-modes and maximum efficiency is achieved. This is particularly important when using memory-based photovoltaic modules.
  • the inverter and the current limiting unit can be designed as separate and thus spatially separated components. But it is also conceivable that the functionality of the current limiting unit in the
  • Inverter is integrated and thus both form a structural unit, as is the case with an inverter, which has an internal current limiting.
  • the inverter has an interface through which it is controlled by the control unit such that in the first operating mode the current through the first sensor at the feed-in point becomes approximately zero.
  • the DC unit has at least one photovoltaic module for generating direct current and at least one memory unit for storing electrical energy.
  • the photovoltaic module With the photovoltaic module, light, in particular sunlight, is converted into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect.
  • a photovoltaic module consists of a large number of individual solar cells. The solar cells are connected to one another according to a specific pattern by series connections and parallel circuits, that of the photovoltaic module, a correspondingly large voltage and a correspondingly large current can be provided.
  • the storage unit is advantageously an accumulator. With an excess of electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic module, that is, if the Photovoltaic module can provide more electrical energy than the
  • the DC unit and the current-limiting unit form a structural unit.
  • the current limiting unit is integrated in the memory unit contained in the DC unit.
  • the current limiting unit is integrated in the memory unit contained in the DC unit.
  • Load characteristic of the inverter is tuned. It is advantageously adjusted to the rated power or tuned / turned off.
  • the current limiting unit can be designed as a separate component that is connected via an interface with the control unit
  • the current limiting unit together with the control unit form a structural unit or be integrated into this. Further alternatively, the current limiting unit may be integrated in the inverter. As far as the regulatory unit is concerned, this can be considered
  • the photovoltaic module has first connections and the memory unit has second connections, wherein each of the first connections and each of the second connections
  • Components of the power generation system is connectable, and wherein the first and the second terminals in pairs by means of at least one switching element are connected to each other.
  • the outer power lines of the power generation system is connectable, and wherein the first and the second terminals in pairs by means of at least one switching element are connected to each other.
  • the outer power lines of the photovoltaic module and the outer power lines of the memory unit are in turn connected so that generated by in the DC unit
  • Control signals, the power lines of the photovoltaic module and the power lines of the storage unit can be connected together or electrically disconnected if necessary.
  • two switching elements are used, which can be designed in each case as electromechanical or electronic switches.
  • the lines can thus be interconnected polarity correct and disconnected if necessary.
  • the storage unit is connected downstream of the photovoltaic module.
  • the DC unit furthermore has a control unit, wherein the control unit is connected to the photovoltaic module via at least one first measuring line and / or is connected to the memory unit via at least one second measuring line. In the control unit rules are stored or
  • Energy Management monitors the control unit via the first measuring line, the power or energy output of each in the DC unit
  • the control unit compares the values determined for a specific photovoltaic module via a communication bus
  • the associated storage units can take the demanded by the DC unit load current and the full functionality of an integrated into the storage units intelligent
  • a DC unit contains several photovoltaic modules and several storage units, different constellations are conceivable.
  • the DC unit may contain a single controller or may include multiple controllers.
  • each memory unit is assigned a control unit. Regardless of the particular constellation, the control unit is preferably integrated in the memory unit, both together form a so-called memory module.
  • the DC unit has at least one control unit, wherein the control unit is connected to the control unit.
  • Power generation system includes a plurality of DC units.
  • the local intelligent power management for each DC unit can be coordinated by the central control unit.
  • control unit is designed to carry out an evaluation of the storage capacity of the storage unit. This measure is part of the intelligent energy management. By doing so, it is possible to shift the nominal capacity window of a storage unit as needed. So can
  • the evaluation of the storage capacity of a storage unit, in particular of a storage unit designed as an accumulator is technically realized as follows. For the state of charge of an accumulator essentially two sizes are characteristic. On the one hand, the minimum discharge voltage, which is used as a criterion for classifying an accumulator as discharged and thus starting a charging process. For another, the maximum
  • Charging voltage which is used as a criterion for classifying an accumulator as being charged and thus ending a charging process. Both quantities are characteristic and known for a particular accumulator.
  • a modified minimum discharge voltage is used that is greater than the known minimum discharge voltage and uses a modified maximum charging voltage that is less than the known maximum charging voltage.
  • the use of the modified variables for evaluating the state of charge of a rechargeable battery has the effect that not the entire possible, but a reduced range of the recharging capacity of the rechargeable battery is taken into account.
  • the factors for evaluating the minimum discharge voltage and the maximum charging voltage may either be fixed for a memory unit or during operation of the memory unit
  • Power generation system and thus the storage unit adaptively adapted By evaluating the storage capacity, for example, it can be taken into account or compensated for that the capacity and thus the amount of charge stored in an accumulator depends on the discharge process, for example the capacity of an accumulator decreases with increasing discharge current.
  • the charging current flowing into it and the charging voltage applied thereto are detected for the memory unit. Both quantities are multiplied together to determine the energy stored in the storage unit and the resulting
  • this factor corresponds to the ratio of rated capacity to maximum capacity for the storage unit.
  • Inverter is fed to a predefined second
  • DC maximum value is greater than the predefined first DC maximum value.
  • DC power can in principle be applied to three
  • the direct current is provided solely by the photovoltaic module.
  • the DC current is provided simultaneously by the photovoltaic module and the memory unit, i.
  • the DC current provided is composed of a first and a second DC component, wherein the first DC component of the
  • Photovoltaic module generated and the second DC component of the memory unit is removed.
  • the DC power is provided solely by the memory unit.
  • the DC current supplied to the inverter is limited to a predefined first DC maximum value equal to the rated DC current of the inverter
  • Photovoltaic module corresponds. Especially in the second mode of provision, but also in the third mode of provision, a higher DC current can be provided by the DC unit than in the first
  • Provisioning type can sometimes provide twice the performance compared to the first deployment type.
  • the power generation system further comprises a network simulating unit.
  • the network simulation unit has an auxiliary storage unit for storing electrical energy and a frequency generator, wherein the frequency generator is designed to generate a frequency corresponding to the network frequency of the public power supply network. If there are mains faults in the public power grid, this will be
  • the inverter can generate this frequency internally if it is designed accordingly. However, if the inverter is not designed for this purpose, then this frequency may be external in the control unit or preferably in one
  • the network simulation unit consists of a minimal
  • the auxiliary storage unit provides the electrical energy required for the operation of the public
  • Frequency generator provides the frequency required for synchronization.
  • the network replica unit may not have an auxiliary storage unit but only a frequency generator.
  • the power required for the operation of the inverter is to be obtained from a storage unit included in a DC unit, which in turn is installed in the power generation system.
  • the power generation system further comprises a power disconnect switch and / or a
  • the power generation system further comprises a second sensor configured to sense a mains voltage magnitude.
  • a second sensor configured to sense a mains voltage magnitude.
  • this has
  • the second sensor is preferably designed as a voltage sensor.
  • This sensor is advantageously at the entry point to the public Power supply network, in front of a counter, with the reference of AC power and the supply of AC power can be detected in the power grid.
  • the control unit monitors the public power grid for network disturbances. A network fault is present, for example, if the
  • Mains frequency of the public power grid has a value that is greater than 52.5 Hz, or if the detected voltage with the second sensor assumes the value zero.
  • Power supply network is a pure island operation. After elimination of the power failure, so when the consumer is switched back on or the power generation system back to the power system
  • AC voltage corresponds to the mains frequency of the power supply network.
  • Electricity consumption caused by consumers does not have to be provided by the network simulation. It can thus be used a network replica, which can provide a small load current, which contributes to a cost-effective implementation of the power generation system.
  • the intact inverters remain connected to the grid, and so much so that a uniform feed per phase can be realized in the power grid and a maximum allowable unbalanced load is not exceeded. If the system is in stand-alone mode or in self-current operation without mains supply, only the defective inverters are disconnected from the mains or switched off by the
  • a fault in an inverter can be detected, for example, by evaluating the alternating current provided by it and / or by evaluating the alternating voltage applied to its outputs.
  • Inverter defined tolerance so this is a sign that This inverter is faulty.
  • the temperature of the inverter can also be recorded and evaluated.
  • inverters are used in the power generation system that can operate on the principle of MPP tracking as well as support or are suitable for constant-voltage operation, then a switch-disconnector and a network simulation unit can be dispensed with. It should be mentioned at this point that an inverter used in the power generation system according to the invention does not necessarily have to work according to the principle of MPP tracking. The functionality of the
  • Power generation system can also with a
  • Inverter can be realized, which does not work on the principle of MPP tracking.
  • the power generation system further comprises an external interface via which at least one operating mode of the power generation system can be preset manually.
  • a rotary switch is connected to the external interface, with which an operating mode for the power generation system can be specified, the power generation system can be forced so to speak, a mode of operation.
  • the operator of the power generation system can be forced so to speak, a mode of operation.
  • Power generation system as the preferred or desired mode set the island operation or the own power operation without mains supply.
  • an operating mode for the power generation system for example, for test purposes or for carrying out service work, an operating mode for the power generation system
  • Control algorithm or a regulation rule is assigned.
  • Control algorithms or by a corresponding change in the control algorithms stepless change of the mode be possible.
  • the transition between the individual operating modes should thus be carried out floating.
  • control unit is designed to support two different operating modes of the power generation system, so that the
  • Power supply network i. the electricity supplier via an external
  • Interface can be specified. In the case of the operator, this can, as already described above, for example, by pressing a rotary switch. In the case of the electricity supplier, this can be done for example by a default, which is entered at a control room.
  • the operating mode of the power generation system is automatically adapted to external conditions and thus automatically selected that operating mode that is best suited for the respective external conditions.
  • this selection can be done by means of a priority list. This can prevent an inadmissible mode of operation of the entire power generation system or parts thereof
  • the priority list regulates the importance of the individual operating modes for different external conditions.
  • At least one of the following variables is evaluated: Mains frequency of the public power grid; output AC voltage of the inverter; Mains voltage of the public power supply network; with the first sensor detected AC, the sign indicating whether AC power is fed into the public power grid or is obtained from this. For example, if it is determined that the grid frequency is greater than 52.5 Hz, then the power generation system is disconnected from the power supply network by operating the mains disconnector and operated in stand-alone mode or in self-AC operation without mains supply. For example, if it is determined that the output side AC voltage of the inverter is decreasing, which is an indication that the current required to operate the load can no longer be provided by the DC unit, then the sub-mode self-current operation with mains buffering is switched.
  • a change of the operating mode is carried out by changing or corresponding selection of the control algorithm.
  • a change of the mode can also be done by switching off the current sum control, but the controllable current limiting unit remains active. Is the
  • Sub-mode own power operation to be operated with mains supply. In both cases, the difference in power output from the
  • the current sum control is realized by means of the first sensor, the control unit and the current limiting unit.
  • the current sum control can be switched off by a default made externally, for example by the operator of the power generation system, or by a default made from a control algorithm out.
  • the individual components are interconnected via interfaces and can thus exchange status information and / or control signals with one another. Furthermore, they can also
  • Status information can be, for example, the state of charge of the storage unit or the temperature of the storage unit, which serves as a correction value for the charging capacity of the storage unit to be determined, or
  • the control signals can be those signals with which the mains disconnector or the consumer disconnector or the
  • control unit is designed so that when, for example, in the operating mode own power without mains supply or in the sub-mode self-current operation with mains supply, the rated power of the inverter is exceeded, steplessly or floating in the
  • Sub-mode own power operation is changed with network buffering and thus the missing for the operation of the consumer differential power is obtained from the public power grid. Does that know
  • Power generation system more than one inverter, for example more than one inverter per phase, so may alternatively or additionally when exceeding the grid power of an inverter either the next inverter in the same phase and / or the next inverter in another phase and / or the next inverter with several phases are activated.
  • the power generation system is one
  • a solar power system having a plurality of inverters and a plurality of DC units, the DC units each having a photovoltaic module and a memory unit, wherein in the
  • Storage units an intelligent energy management is integrated.
  • Current limiting unit which is designed in particular adjustable, is preferably integrated into the respective storage unit and adapted to the respective photovoltaic module, the respective load characteristic and the respective inverter, which can be done by appropriate programming or setting of parameters.
  • the power generation system for each phase comprises the following components: a control unit, a current limiting unit, a first sensor, a consumer disconnecting switch, a network simulating unit, a power disconnect switch, a second sensor, an inverter and a DC unit.
  • the following components are a structural unit
  • control unit the control unit
  • FIG. 1 shows state-of-the-art power generation systems
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of a power generation system
  • Fig. 6 is a used in a power generation system
  • Fig. 1 shows several belonging to the prior art
  • FIG. 1 a shows a power generation system 2 designed for isolated operation.
  • the power generation system 2 has a photovoltaic module 4 constructed from a large number of solar cells, with which direct current is generated from sunlight.
  • the DC becomes one
  • Inverter 6 is supplied, which converts the direct current into an alternating current.
  • the alternating current in turn is supplied to a consumer 8 for its operation.
  • a memory unit 10 the excess energy generated by the photovoltaic module 4, which is responsible for the immediate operation of the
  • the photovoltaic module 4 is not connected to a public power grid.
  • the inverter 6 operates in constant voltage mode.
  • Part 1 b shows a power generation system 12, which is for the
  • Feed-in operation in a public power grid 14 is designed.
  • the DC generated by a photovoltaic module 16 is a
  • the inverter 18 supplied.
  • the inverter 18 converts the direct current into an alternating current.
  • the alternating current is supplied to a load 20 for its operation.
  • the inverter 18 is connected to the public power grid 14 and thus can in addition to the
  • Supply of the consumer 20 can also be used for the grid feed.
  • a storage unit can be dispensed with, since the excess energy can be fed into the public power grid 14. Is needed for the operation of the consumer 20 more energy than that
  • Photovoltaic module 16 for example, can provide due to adverse solar radiation, in turn, electricity from the power grid 14 can be obtained.
  • the inverter 18 operates on the principle of MPP tracking.
  • Part 1 c shows a power generation system 22, which can be operated in two modes, namely on the one hand island operation and on the other hand, the feed-in operation in a public power grid 24.
  • Power generation system 22 is composed of two separate subsystems, a first subsystem 26 and a second subsystem 28.
  • the first subsystem 26 is composed of two separate subsystems, a first subsystem 26 and a second subsystem 28. The first
  • Subsystem 26 has a first inverter 30, which operates in the constant voltage mode and with which a consumer 32 is supplied with energy.
  • the second subsystem 28 has a second inverter 34 which operates on the principle of MPP tracking and can be fed with the energy in the public power grid 24.
  • Inverters 30, 34 are connected to a photovoltaic module 36. Both inverters 30, 34 are designed for the respective operating mode, the first inverter 30 for stand-alone operation and the second inverter 34 for the feed-in operation.
  • a power generation system 40 has at least one DC unit 42 for providing one
  • the photovoltaic module 44 consists of a variety of
  • the storage unit 46 is an accumulator, which is preferably designed as a lithium ion accumulator.
  • the power generation system 40 furthermore has at least one inverter 48, with which the DC current l D c fed to it on the input side from the DC unit 42 is converted into an AC current l w which can be output on the output side.
  • the alternating current I w can be divided into an alternating current consumer component L, which can be supplied to a consumer 50, and into an alternating current component component I, which can be supplied to a public power supply network 52.
  • the power generation system 40 further includes at least one first sensor 54 located between the inverter 48 and the public Power supply network 52 is arranged. With the first sensor 54, a network share size is detected, which represents the public power grid 52 supplied AC power supply IN. Depending on how the first sensor 54 is formed, the network component size may be a voltage value or current value representing the AC network component IN. In the latter case, the network component size directly corresponds to the amplitude value of the AC network component IN. It is assumed below that the first sensor 54 is designed such that the
  • Power supply component directly corresponds to the amplitude value of the AC power supply IN.
  • the network component size is supplied to a control unit 56, which is designed to a variety of different modes of the
  • the Current limiting unit 58 in response to a detected operating mode to control.
  • the current limiting unit 58 is between the
  • DC unit 42 and the inverter 48 and arranged to limit the inverter 48 supplied to the input side DC current IDC to a predetermined DC value.
  • the power generation system 40 further includes a network replication unit 60.
  • the network replication unit 60 has a (not shown)
  • Auxiliary storage unit for storing electrical energy and a (not shown) frequency generator, wherein the frequency generator is adapted to one of the network frequency of the public
  • Power supply network 52 corresponding frequency to generate. Furthermore, the power generation system 40 has a power disconnect switch 62 and a load disconnect switch 64. With the consumer disconnector 64 For example, the load 50 may be disconnected from the inverter 48. With the power disconnect switch 62, the inverter 48 of the public
  • Power supply network 52 are separated. The of the
  • Network replica unit 60 generated frequency corresponding to the grid frequency of the public grid 52 is then supplied to the inverter 48 when it is disconnected from the public grid 52, for example, for the duration of a grid fault.
  • the inverter 48 may during the period in which he of the
  • Power supply network 52 is disconnected, generate an alternating current whose frequency coincides with the mains frequency.
  • the inverter 48 is again connected to the power supply network 52, it is ensured that the frequency of the alternating current generated by the inverter 48 is synchronous with the frequency of the power supply network 52.
  • the power generation system 40 has a second sensor 66, which is designed to detect a mains voltage magnitude.
  • the second sensor 66 is designed as a voltage sensor.
  • Control unit 56 is detected to a network failure, for example, if the power frequency of the public power grid 52 has a value that is greater than 52.5 Hz, or if the voltage detected by the second sensor 66 assumes the value zero.
  • the power generation system 40 also has an external interface 68, via which at least one operating mode of the power generation system 40 can be preset manually.
  • the operating mode may be, for example, via a mode selector switch 70 connected to the external interface 68 be specified.
  • the mode selector switch 70 may be configured, for example, as a rotary switch.
  • the DC unit 42 has at least one (not shown) control unit, which is connected to the control unit 56.
  • control unit rules are deposited or implemented, on the basis of which for the
  • DC unit 42 can realize an intelligent energy management. This is particularly advantageous when the DC unit 42 includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules 44 and a plurality of storage units 46, or when the power generation system 40 includes a plurality of DC units 42.
  • the power generation system 40 further includes a first counter 72, with which the alternating current supplied by the inverter 48 l can be detected w, and a second counter 74, to which the purchased from the power supply network 52 AC l N and 52 in the power supply network fed AC l N can be detected.
  • Second mode Autonomous operation with network replacement (second mode), which includes three sub-modes, namely self-current operation with mains supply (first sub-mode), self-current operation with network buffering (second sub-mode) and
  • the control unit 56 may have two different working modes of the
  • Power generation system 40 support, so that the power generation system 40 are operated in a manual mode or in an automatic mode can.
  • the operating mode of the power generation system 40 is automatically adapted to external conditions and thus automatically selected that mode and possibly sub-mode, which is best suited for the respective external conditions.
  • For detecting the external conditions at least one of the following variables is evaluated: Mains frequency f N of the public power grid 52; output side AC voltage Uw of the inverter 48; Mains voltage UN of
  • control unit 56 When detected in the control unit 56 first mode (self-current operation without mains supply), the control unit 56 controls the
  • DC consumption value is limited, in which the provided by the inverter 48 AC l w corresponds approximately to the consumer 50 supplied AC consumer share L, and the public
  • Power supply network 52 adopts AC power supply IN approximately equal to zero.
  • the inverter 48 thus provides an alternating current l w , which is supplied completely as an alternating current consumer component L to the consumer 50 for its operation.
  • the public power grid 52 is no AC power supply IN supplied.
  • the consumer disconnector 64 is controlled so that the load 50 is connected to the inverter 48.
  • the control of the power disconnect switch 62 depends on the grid frequency of the public power grid. Is the
  • the power disconnect switch 62 will be controlled so that the inverter 48 with the public Power supply network 52 is connected. If the grid frequency is greater than 52.5 Hz, which is an indication that there is a grid fault, then the grid breaker 62 is driven so that the inverter 48 of the
  • Power supply network 52 is disconnected.
  • the first mode is detected when the mains voltage UN of the public power grid 52 corresponds approximately to the output side AC voltage Uw of the inverter 48.
  • control unit 56 When detected in the control unit 56 second mode (self-flow operation with network replacement), the control unit 56 controls the
  • predefined first DC maximum value locmaxi is limited.
  • the predefined first DC maximum value is thus the current value which is supplied to the inverter 48 for realizing the MPP tracking functionality.
  • an overload of the inverter 48 is excluded in all three sub-modes, but at the same time is a maximum
  • the three sub-modes differ in the external conditions.
  • the inverter 48 provides so much AC l w that the consumer 50 for its operation, an AC consumer share L is supplied and not required for the operation of the consumer AC, the
  • the public power grid 52 can be supplied.
  • the consumer disconnector 64 is so
  • the power disconnect switch 62 is controlled so that the inverter 48 is connected to the public power grid 52.
  • the first sub-mode is detected when the mains voltage UN of the public power grid 52 is smaller than the output AC voltage Uw of the inverter 48 and the grid frequency f N of the public
  • Power supply network 52 is less than 52.5 Hz.
  • IDC k * 1 L + IN, where k indicates the number of loads 50 fed through the inverter 48; ⁇ ⁇ > 0. Since the AC power supply IN is positive, AC power is supplied to the power grid 52.
  • the inverter 48 In the second sub-mode (proper operation with power linepack), the inverter 48 is insufficient AC l w ready to meet the need for the operation of the consumer 50 needs to alternating current.
  • Consumer disconnector 64 is driven so that the load 50 is connected to the inverter 48.
  • the power disconnect switch 62 is controlled so that the consumer 50 alternating current from the public power grid 52 can be supplied.
  • On the second Sub-mode is detected when the output side AC voltage Uw of the inverter 48 is smaller than the mains voltage UN of the public
  • Power supply network 52 is less than 52.5 Hz. At the second
  • Power supply network 52 based.
  • the inverter 48 In the third sub-mode (mains supply without self-current operation), the inverter 48 provides alternating current l w . Since in this mode of operation no AC consumer component L is to be supplied to a load 50, the alternating current l w provided by the inverter 48 can be completely used as
  • AC power supply IN be supplied to the public power grid 52.
  • the consumer disconnector 64 is controlled so that the load 50 is disconnected from the inverter 48.
  • Power disconnect switch 62 is controlled so that the inverter 48 is connected to the public power grid 52.
  • Sub-mode is detected when the output side AC voltage Uw of the inverter 48 is greater than the mains voltage UN of the public
  • Power supply network 52 is less than 52.5 Hz. At the second
  • IDC k ⁇ l N , where k is the number of consumers 50 fed; ⁇ ⁇ > 0. Since the AC load component L has the value zero, the entire AC current generated by the inverter 48 is fed into the power grid 52. In addition to the two modes described above, there is another, third mode, the network operation. In this case, the alternating current required for the operation of the consumer 50 is obtained completely from the public power supply network 52. The inverter 48 does not provide AC power. The consumer disconnector 64 is driven so that the consumer 50 with alternating current from the
  • Power supply network 52 can be supplied.
  • the power disconnect switch 62 is driven so that the consumer 50 with the public
  • Power supply network 52 is connected. In the third mode is detected when the output side AC voltage Uw of the inverter 48 assumes the value zero and the network frequency f N of the public
  • Power supply network 52 is less than 52.5 Hz.
  • the control unit 56 may be detected when the second mode
  • Current limiting unit 58 also control such that the DC current that is supplied to the inverter 48, to a predefined second
  • DC maximum value lDCmax2 is greater than the predefined first DC maximum value iDcmaxi.
  • DC maximum values available As already stated, with a DC unit 42 having a photovoltaic module 44 and a memory unit 46, DC power can be provided in three different types of provision. In the first mode of provision, the DC current supplied to the inverter 48 is limited to the predefined first DC maximum value lmcmaxi. In the second and possibly also in the third
  • the predefined second DC maximum value lDCmax2 is used. 2
  • a phase of a three-phase Stromer Wegungssystenns is shown.
  • an inverter is used, which generates alternating current for only one phase. But there are others too
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 Constellations conceivable. These will be discussed in connection with FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. For reasons of clarity, not all of the components shown in FIG. 2 are included in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, which should have no restrictive effect. Thus, in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are no network simulation units, power disconnect switch,
  • the power generation system 40 'shown in FIG. 3 arrives
  • Inverter 48 used simultaneously for all three phases of the
  • Power generation system 40 generates alternating current. For each of the phases, a first sensor 54 'is provided. In that shown in Fig. 4
  • Power generation system 40 "multiple inverters 48" are operated simultaneously, with each of which AC for the three phases can be provided. It is thus a parallel operation of
  • a DC unit 42 is shown.
  • the DC unit 42 has at least one photovoltaic module 44 and at least one memory unit 46. Furthermore, the DC unit 42 has a control unit 80.
  • Control unit 80 is connected via at least a first measuring line 82 with the
  • Photovoltaic module 44 connected.
  • the control unit 80 is connected to the memory unit 46 via at least one second measuring line 84. Over a
  • the control unit 80 may be connected to a control unit or to an external interface.
  • the photovoltaic module 44 has first terminals 88 and the memory unit 46 has second terminals 90. Each of the first ports 88 and each of the second ports 90 is connected to a respective associated third port 92a, 92b.
  • DC unit 42 is connected via the third terminals 92a, 92b to other components of that power generation system in which the
  • the third terminals 92a are a generator string 94 and the third terminals 92b are one
  • Memory string 96 assigned.
  • Terminals 90 are in pairs by means of two switching elements 98a, 98b
  • control of the switching elements 98a, 98b is carried out starting from the control unit 80 via a control line 100.
  • the control unit 80 is configured to carry out an evaluation of the storage capacity of the storage unit 46.
  • Memory unit 46 are combined into a structural unit, the memory module 102.
  • the present invention relates to a multi-membered control
  • Control device for the energy management of inverters in power generation plants or energy generation plants from renewable energies with those own power operation and grid feed into the public Network of an electricity supplier can be realized.
  • the invention relates in particular to solar power systems with inverters and feeding into the public grid. In order to be able to use smaller power generating systems, too
  • a multi-stage control system which significantly extends the functionality of the power generation plant, allows flexible use of the power plant with higher economic efficiency and with the inverter, which have an MPP tracking, can be used both in the feed-in operation in the public network as well as in the own power operation without mains supply.
  • the control and regulation system is intended to be installed in any existing power generation plant with inverters,
  • the new multi-unit control and regulation device allows u.a. a cost-effective use of own power operation without grid feed-in in existing solar power systems.
  • This self-current operation without grid feed-in for inverters with MPP tracking is achieved by a combination of a current-sum control and a controllable one
  • the current sum control regulates the current at the entry point into the public network to zero or near zero.
  • the adjustable current limit is designed so that the inverter on the Generator side only as much power is supplied, as is currently needed.
  • the controllable current limit can simulate the load curve of a generator to which the inverter is tuned in such a way that MPP tracking is also possible with memory-based generators and overloading of the power supply
  • Inverter is excluded in all modes.
  • memory modules with intelligent energy management to self-powered or
  • the new multi-unit control and regulating device allows in particular when using

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de production de courant (40) comportant au moins une unité de courant continu (42), destinée à générer un courant continu (IDC) en utilisant de l'énergie renouvelable, et au moins un onduleur (48). L'onduleur (48) est conçu pour convertir le courant continu (IDC) envoyé par l'unité de courant continu (42) côté entrée en un courant alternatif (lW) pouvant être transmis côté sortie, ce courant alternatif (lW) pouvant être divisé en une partie consommateur de courant alternatif (IL), qui peut alimenter un consommateur (50), et en une partie réseau de courant alternatif (IN), qui peut alimenter un réseau public d'alimentation en énergie (52). Le système de production de courant (40) comporte en outre au moins un premier capteur (54), au moins une unité de limitation de courant (58) et au moins une unité de régulation (56), l'unité de régulation (56) étant conçue pour identifier une pluralité de modes de fonctionnement différents du système de production de courant (40) et pour piloter au moins l'unité de limitation de courant (58) en fonction d'un mode de fonctionnement identifié. Le premier capteur (54) est disposé côté sortie, entre l'onduleur (48) et le réseau public d'alimentation en énergie (52), et est conçu pour capter une grandeur de part de réseau qui représente la partie réseau de courant alternatif (IN) envoyée au réseau public d'alimentation en énergie (52). L'unité de limitation de courant (58) est disposée côté entrée, entre l'unité de courant continu (42) et l'onduleur (48), et est conçue pour limiter le courant continu (IDC) envoyé à l'onduleur (48) côté entrée à une valeur de courant continu prédéfinie. Lorsqu'un premier mode de fonctionnement a été identifié, l'unité de régulation (56) pilote l'unité de limitation de courant (58) en fonction de la grandeur de part de réseau, de sorte que le courant continu (IDC) envoyé à l'onduleur (48) soit limité à une valeur de consommation de courant continu pour laquelle le courant alternatif (lW) produit par l'onduleur (48) correspond approximativement à la partie consommateur de courant alternatif (IL) envoyée au consommateur (50), et que la partie réseau de courant alternatif (IN) envoyée au réseau public d'alimentation en énergie (52) ait une valeur approximativement égale à zéro. Lorsqu'un deuxième mode de fonctionnement a été identifié, l'unité de régulation (56) pilote l'unité de limitation de courant (58) indépendamment de la grandeur de part de réseau, de sorte que le courant continu (IDC) envoyé à l'onduleur (48) soit limité à une première valeur maximale de courant continu (lDCmax1) prédéfinie. L'invention porte également sur un procédé destiné à faire fonctionner un tel système de production de courant (40).
PCT/EP2011/056214 2010-04-21 2011-04-19 Système de production de courant et procédé destiné à faire fonctionner un tel système WO2011131655A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010017953 2010-04-21
DE102010017953.1 2010-04-21
DE102010032822A DE102010032822A1 (de) 2010-04-21 2010-07-30 Stromerzeugungssystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen
DE102010032822.7 2010-07-30

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US20230283075A1 (en) * 2020-10-29 2023-09-07 Cummins Power Generation Limited Systems and methods for reactive power management during low voltage ride through in different grid operating mode
CN116505558A (zh) * 2023-06-30 2023-07-28 丰唐物联技术（深圳）有限公司 智能家居用电的控制方法、装置、计算机设备和存储介质
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