WO2016201958A1 - 一种延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统及其制作方法 Download PDF

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WO2016201958A1
WO2016201958A1 PCT/CN2016/070033 CN2016070033W WO2016201958A1 WO 2016201958 A1 WO2016201958 A1 WO 2016201958A1 CN 2016070033 W CN2016070033 W CN 2016070033W WO 2016201958 A1 WO2016201958 A1 WO 2016201958A1
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layer
leachate
seepage
clay
landfill
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PCT/CN2016/070033
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱伟
舒实
王升位
徐浩青
范惜辉
包建平
闵凡路
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河海大学
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Application filed by 河海大学 filed Critical 河海大学
Priority to US15/548,416 priority Critical patent/US10017911B2/en
Priority to RU2017130381A priority patent/RU2643729C1/ru
Priority to EP16810699.5A priority patent/EP3235576B1/en
Priority to AU2016279144A priority patent/AU2016279144B2/en
Publication of WO2016201958A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016201958A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/006—Sealing of existing landfills, e.g. using mining techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B1/00—Dumping solid waste
    • B09B1/004—Covering of dumping sites
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • E02D31/025—Draining membranes, sheets or fabric specially adapted therefor, e.g. with dimples
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2250/00—Production methods
    • E02D2250/0023—Cast, i.e. in situ or in a mold or other formwork
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0006—Plastics
    • E02D2300/0015—HDPE
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0037—Clays
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0079—Granulates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/30—Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of landfill seepage prevention, and relates to a landfill anti-seepage system, in particular to a landfill anti-seepage system for prolonging leachate breakdown time and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • China's urban solid waste has the characteristics of high kitchen waste and high water content. It is easy to cause high leachate water level after landfill, which is prone to landfill instability and slippage, which damages the urban environment and endangers the lives and property of residents. High-permeability leaching may also cause the anti-fouling barrier to be destroyed. The pollutants will penetrate the anti-fouling barrier in advance, causing pollution around the landfill and groundwater. Once the underground environment is damaged, the repair is very difficult and brings immeasurable seriousness. as a result of.
  • the leakage of the main anti-seepage layer should be detected in time through the leak detection layer.
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • the landfill leachate breakdown anti-seepage system there are two existing technologies: one is to improve the clay anti-seepage layer by adding additives, thereby enhancing the strength of the clay and improving the anti-seepage performance of the clay; On the basis of the HDPE geomembrane anti-seepage layer, the geosynthetic material and the bagged soil protective layer are laid to strengthen the protection of the HDPE geomembrane.
  • the first technical method is complicated in operation, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and difficult to realize industrialization; the second technical method, while strengthening the protection of the HDPE geomembrane, cannot improve the anti-seepage performance, and is also time-consuming and labor-intensive.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a landfill anti-seepage system which prolongs the breakdown time of leachate and a manufacturing method thereof, in order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • a landfill anti-seepage system for prolonging the breakdown time of the leachate which comprises a leachate collection and drainage layer layered in a stack from top to bottom.
  • a HDPE geomembrane impermeable layer a clay layer and a groundwater collecting and guiding layer, the clay layer comprising a lower clay layer, a middle clay layer and an upper clay layer, which are sequentially filled with a medium fine sand layer
  • the medium-fine sand layer is laid by sand grains having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm and a water content of ⁇ 3%, and has a saturated permeability coefficient of 1 ⁇ 10 -5 to 1 ⁇ 10 -3 cm/s.
  • the medium fine sand layer has a height of ⁇ 200 cm.
  • the clay layer has a saturated permeability coefficient of ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 -7 cm/s
  • the middle clay layer has a thickness of ⁇ 30 cm
  • the lower clay layer has a height of ⁇ 30 cm.
  • a leachate leakage detecting layer is further disposed between the clay layer and the first HDPE geomembrane impermeable layer.
  • a second HDPE geomembrane impermeable layer is further disposed between the leachate leakage detecting layer and the clay layer.
  • the invention also provides a method for manufacturing the landfill anti-seepage system for prolonging the leachate breakdown time, which comprises the following steps:
  • step (a) and the step (b) are sequentially followed.
  • the drying is performed by placing the sand in the sun and drying it for 24 hours or directly into a large oven, and drying to a constant weight at a temperature of 105 to 110 °C.
  • step (d) the second HDPE geomembrane anti-seepage layer (4) and the leachate leakage detection are sequentially laid before laying the first HDPE geomembrane anti-seepage layer (2).
  • Layer (3) the second HDPE geomembrane anti-seepage layer (4) and the leachate leakage detection are sequentially laid before laying the first HDPE geomembrane anti-seepage layer (2).
  • the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art: the landfill anti-seepage system for prolonging the leachate breakdown time of the present invention is filled with a particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm in the middle clay layer. a medium-fine sand layer having a water content of ⁇ 3%, and the saturated permeability coefficient of the medium-fine sand layer is 1 ⁇ 10-5 to 1 ⁇ 10-3 cm/s, which can produce an unexpected effect: greatly prolonging the leachate Breakdown time, improve the anti-seepage effect of the anti-seepage layer of the landfill; and the cost of the medium-fine sand is low, the stockyard is widely distributed in China, easy to obtain; the structure is simple, and the infiltration of groundwater can be effectively prevented to make the middle fine sand layer Saturated to ensure that the medium sand layer is always unsaturated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a landfill anti-seepage system for prolonging the breakdown time of a leachate according to the present invention
  • the landfill anti-seepage system for extending the leachate breakdown time as shown in Figure 1 mainly includes layers from top to bottom.
  • the leachate collection guide layer 1, the first HDPE geomembrane anti-seepage layer 2, the clay layer 5, and the groundwater collection and drainage layer 6 are disposed.
  • the clay layer 5 includes a lower clay layer 51, a middle clay layer 52, and an upper clay layer 53 which are disposed in this order from the bottom to the top.
  • the middle clay layer 52 is filled with a medium fine sand layer 7 which is compacted by sand having a particle diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm and a water content of ⁇ 3%, and has a saturated permeability coefficient of 1 ⁇ 10 -5 ⁇ 1 x 10 -3 cm/s physical properties.
  • the landfill anti-seepage system has an unexpected effect: although the structure is simple, it can greatly extend the breakdown time of the leachate and improve the anti-seepage effect of the anti-seepage layer of the landfill.
  • the sand yard is widely distributed in China and easy to obtain, so the cost is low; no chemical substances are needed, and secondary damage to the surrounding environment is avoided, which is conducive to environmental protection.
  • Dividing the clay layer 5 into three parts can effectively prevent the infiltration of groundwater to saturate the middle fine sand layer, thereby ensuring that the middle fine sand layer is always in an unsaturated state.
  • the height of the medium fine sand layer 7 is preferably ⁇ 200 cm, which further lengthens the breakdown time of the leachate.
  • the saturated permeability coefficient of the clay layer 5 is ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 -7 cm/s, and the thickness of the middle clay layer 52 is ⁇ 30 cm and the height of the lower clay layer 51 is ⁇ 30 cm, further preventing groundwater from intruding into the fine sand layer.
  • a leachate leakage detecting layer 3 is further disposed between the clay layer 5 and the first HDPE geomembrane anti-seepage layer 2; a second HDPE geomembrane is further disposed between the leachate leakage detecting layer 3 and the clay layer 5.
  • the layer 4 is permeable, thereby improving the anti-seepage effect of the landfill anti-seepage system.
  • the above-mentioned method for manufacturing a landfill anti-seepage system for prolonging the leachate breakdown time comprises the following steps:
  • the step (a) and the step (b) are sequentially followed.
  • the construction should be carried out on a sunny day. After the middle fine sand layer 7 is laid, the compacted upper clay layer 53 is laid as soon as possible to prevent the medium fine sand layer 7 from absorbing water during the construction process, resulting in an increase in water content.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

一种延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统，包括由上向下依次层叠设置的渗沥液收集导排层(1)、第一HDPE土工膜防渗层(2)、黏土层(5)和地下水收集导排层(6)，黏土层(5)包括依次设置的下黏土层(51)、中黏土层(52)和上黏土层(53)，中黏土层(52)内填充有中细砂层(7)，中细砂层(7)由粒径为0.1～0.5mm、含水率≤3％的砂粒铺设而成，其饱和渗透系数为1×10 -5～1×10 -3cm/s。还公开了一种延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统的制作方法。

Description

一种延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统及其制作方法 技术领域
本发明属于填埋场防渗领域，涉及一种垃圾填埋场防渗系统，具体涉及一种延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统及其制作方法。
背景技术
随着我国城市化进程日益加快，人民生活水平日益提高，城市固体废弃物产量也飞速增长。目前我国城市固体废弃物的年产量达2.4亿吨，并以每年8％～15％速度的高速增长，无论是产量还是增速，都居世界之首。大量的固废直接危害城市的安全和稳定。卫生填埋场由于技术门槛低，处理量大，是废弃物的最终处置手段，是现阶段垃圾的主要处理处置措施之一，占总处理量的90.5％。
我国的城市固废具有高厨余量、高含水率的特点，填埋后容易造成较高的渗沥液水位，容易发生填埋场失稳流滑破坏城市环境并危害居民的生命财产安全。高渗沥液还有可能使得防污屏障遭到破坏，污染物提前击穿防污屏障，造成填埋场周边环境及地下水污染，地下环境一旦遭受破坏，修复难度巨大，带来不可估量的严重后果。
对于垃圾填埋场防渗系统，我国建设部发布的《生活垃圾卫生填埋防渗系统工程技术规范CJJ113-2007》规定，双层防渗结构的层次从上至下为：渗沥液收集导排层、主防渗层(含防渗材料及保护材料)、渗漏检测层、次防渗层(含防渗材料及保护材料)、基础层、地下水收集导排系统。在双层防渗结构中，应能够通过渗漏检测层及时检测到主防渗层的渗漏。
目前双防渗结构中上下两层高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)土工膜容易出现老化或者孔洞的现象。在高渗沥液水头下，一旦HDPE被破坏或者被污染物击穿，渗沥液很快到达下层的压实黏土层，并击穿压实黏土层，给地下环境造成严重威胁。针对垃圾填埋场渗沥液击穿防渗系统的情况，现有的技术有两种：一是通过加入添加剂改良黏土防渗层，从而增强黏土的强度，提高黏土的防渗性能；二是在HDPE土工膜防渗层的基础上，铺入土工合成材料和袋装土保护层，加强对HDPE土工膜的保护。第一种技术方法操作复杂，耗时耗力，不易实现产业化；第二种技术方法，虽然加强了对HDPE土工膜的保护，但是无法提高防渗性能，而且也耗时耗力。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了克服现有技术的不足而提供一种延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统及其制作方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统，它包括由上向下依次层叠设置的渗沥液收集导排层、第一HDPE土工膜防渗层、黏土层和地下水收集导排层，所述黏土层包括依次设置的下黏土层、中黏土层和上黏土层，所述中黏土层内填充有中细砂层，所述中细砂层由粒径为0.1～0.5mm、含水率≤3％的砂 粒铺设而成，其饱和渗透系数为1×10-5～1×10-3cm/s。
优化地，所述中细砂层高度≥200cm。
优化地，所述黏土层的饱和渗透系数为≤1×10-7cm/s，所述中黏土层的厚度≥30cm且所述下黏土层的高度≥30cm。
优化地，所述黏土层和所述第一HDPE土工膜防渗层之间还铺设有渗沥液渗漏检测层。
进一步地，所述渗沥液渗漏检测层和所述黏土层之间还铺设有第二HDPE土工膜防渗层。
本发明还提供一种上述延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统的制作方法，它包括以下步骤：
(a)将砂子干燥使其含水率≤3％，随后筛取粒径为0.1～0.5mm的中细砂；
(b)在填埋固体废弃物处挖坑并铺设所述地下水收集导排层(6)，随后在所述地下水收集导排层(6)上铺设压实的所述下黏土层(51)；
(c)在所述下黏土层(51)上铺设中细砂，压实形成所述中细砂层(7)；随后在所述中细砂层(7)四周铺设压实的所述中黏土层(52)；再在所述中细砂层(7)和所述中黏土层(52)上铺设压实的所述上黏土层(53)；
(d)在所述上黏土层(53)上由下向上依次铺设所述第一HDPE土工膜防渗层(2)和所述渗沥液收集导排层(1)即可；
所述步骤(a)和所述步骤(b)部分先后。
优化地，步骤(a)中，所述干燥为将砂子放置在阳光下自然暴晒晾干24小时或者直接将其放入大型烘箱内，在105～110℃温度下烘至恒重。
优化地，步骤(d)中，在铺设所述第一HDPE土工膜防渗层(2)前先依次铺设所述第二HDPE土工膜防渗层(4)和所述渗沥液渗漏检测层(3)。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统，通过在中黏土层内填充粒径为0.1～0.5mm、含水率≤3％的中细砂层，并且该中细砂层的饱和渗透系数为1×10-5～1×10-3cm/s，能够产生意想不到的效果：大大延长渗沥液的击穿时间，提高垃圾填埋场防渗层的防渗效果；而且中细砂成本低、料场在我国分布广泛，容易获取；结构简单，并可有效防止地下水的入渗使中细砂层饱和，保证中细砂层始终处于非饱和状态。
附图说明
附图1为本发明延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统的结构示意图；
其中，1、渗沥液收集导排层；2、第一HDPE土工膜防渗层；3、渗沥液渗漏检测层；4、第二HDPE土工膜防渗层；5、黏土层；51、下黏土层；52、中黏土层；53、上黏土层；6、地下水收集导排层；7、中细砂层；10、固体废弃物。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明优选实施方案进行详细说明：
如图1所示的延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统，主要包括由上向下依次层 叠设置的渗沥液收集导排层1、第一HDPE土工膜防渗层2、黏土层5和地下水收集导排层6。
其中，黏土层5包括由下向上依次设置的下黏土层51、中黏土层52和上黏土层53。在中黏土层52内填充有中细砂层7，它由粒径为0.1～0.5mm、含水率≤3％的砂粒铺设压实而成，使其具有饱和渗透系数为1×10-5～1×10-3cm/s的物理性质。此时的垃圾填埋场防渗系统具备了意想不到的效果：虽然结构简单，但是能够大大延长渗沥液的击穿时间，提高垃圾填埋场防渗层的防渗效果。而且，砂料场在我国分布广泛，容易获取，因而成本较低；不需要使用化学物质，避免了对周边环境的二次伤害，有利于保护环境。将黏土层5分成三部分，可有效防止地下水的入渗使中细砂层饱和，从而保证中细砂层始终处于非饱和状态。
在本实施例中，中细砂层7的高度优选≥200cm，进一步延长渗沥液的击穿时间。黏土层5的饱和渗透系数为≤1×10-7cm/s，且中黏土层52的厚度≥30cm且下黏土层51的高度≥30cm，进一步防止地下水侵入中细砂层。黏土层5和第一HDPE土工膜防渗层2之间还铺设有渗沥液渗漏检测层3；渗沥液渗漏检测层3和黏土层5之间还铺设有第二HDPE土工膜防渗层4，从而可以提高垃圾填埋场防渗系统的防渗效果。
上述延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统的制作方法，它包括以下步骤：
(a)将砂子干燥使其含水率≤3％，随后筛取粒径为0.1～0.5mm的中细砂；干燥主要是将砂子放置在阳光下自然暴晒晾干24小时或者直接将其放入大型烘箱内，在105～110℃温度下烘至少6小时至恒重；在测量砂子含水率是，取样是每10m3随机取3个砂样，按照我国《土工试验方法标准》BG/T50123-1999的规定测其含水率。
(b)在填埋固体废弃物处挖坑并铺设所述地下水收集导排层6，随后在所述地下水收集导排层6上铺设压实的所述下黏土层51；
(c)在所述下黏土层51上铺设中细砂，压实形成所述中细砂层7；随后在中细砂层7四周铺设压实的所述中黏土层52；再在所述中细砂层7和所述中黏土层52上铺设压实的所述上黏土层53；
(d)在所述上黏土层53上由下向上依次铺设所述第二HDPE土工膜防渗层4、所述渗沥液渗漏检测层3、所述第一HDPE土工膜防渗层2和所述渗沥液收集导排层1即可；
所述步骤(a)和所述步骤(b)部分先后。施工应选择在晴天进行，中细砂层7铺设完成后尽快铺设压实上黏土层53等，防止中细砂层7在施工过程中吸水，造成含水率上升。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围，凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统，它包括由上向下依次层叠设置的渗沥液收集导排层(1)、第一HDPE土工膜防渗层(2)、黏土层(5)和地下水收集导排层(6)，所述黏土层(5)包括依次设置的下黏土层(51)、中黏土层(52)和上黏土层(53)，其特征在于：所述中黏土层(52)内填充有中细砂层(7)，所述中细砂层(7)由粒径为0.1～0.5mm、含水率≤3％的砂粒铺设而成，其饱和渗透系数为1×10-5～1×10-3cm/s。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统，其特征在于：所述中细砂层(7)的高度≥200cm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统，其特征在于：所述黏土层(5)的饱和渗透系数为≤1×10-7cm/s，所述中黏土层(52)的厚度≥30cm且所述下黏土层(51)的高度≥30cm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统，其特征在于：所述黏土层(5)和所述第一HDPE土工膜防渗层(2)之间还铺设有渗沥液渗漏检测层(3)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统，其特征在于：所述渗沥液渗漏检测层(3)和所述黏土层(5)之间还铺设有第二HDPE土工膜防渗层(4)。
  6. 权利要求1至5中任一所述延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统的制作方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤：
    (a)将砂子干燥使其含水率≤3％，随后筛取粒径为0.1～0.5mm的中细砂；
    (b)在填埋固体废弃物处挖坑并铺设所述地下水收集导排层(6)，随后在所述地下水收集导排层(6)上铺设压实的所述下黏土层(51)；
    (c)在所述下黏土层(51)上铺设中细砂，压实形成所述中细砂层(7)；随后在所述中细砂层(7)四周铺设压实的所述中黏土层(52)；再在所述中细砂层(7)和所述中黏土层(52)上铺设压实的所述上黏土层(53)；
    (d)在所述上黏土层(53)上由下向上依次铺设所述第一HDPE土工膜防渗层(2)和所述渗沥液收集导排层(1)即可；
    所述步骤(a)和所述步骤(b)部分先后。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统的制作方法，其特征在于：步骤(a)中，所述干燥为将砂子放置在阳光下自然暴晒晾干24小时或者直接将其放入大型烘箱内，在105～110℃温度下烘至恒重。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述延长渗沥液击穿时间的垃圾填埋场防渗系统的制作方法，其特征在于：步骤(d)中，在铺设所述第一HDPE土工膜防渗层(2)前先依次铺设所述第二HDPE土工膜防渗层(4)和所述渗沥液渗漏检测层(3)。
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