WO2016199711A1 - レシプロエンジンのクランク軸 - Google Patents
レシプロエンジンのクランク軸 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016199711A1 WO2016199711A1 PCT/JP2016/066732 JP2016066732W WO2016199711A1 WO 2016199711 A1 WO2016199711 A1 WO 2016199711A1 JP 2016066732 W JP2016066732 W JP 2016066732W WO 2016199711 A1 WO2016199711 A1 WO 2016199711A1
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- crankshaft
- cross
- arm
- journal
- crank arm
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
- F16C3/20—Shape of crankshafts or eccentric-shafts having regard to balancing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
- F16C3/06—Crankshafts
- F16C3/08—Crankshafts made in one piece
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/22—Compensation of inertia forces
- F16F15/24—Compensation of inertia forces of crankshaft systems by particular disposition of cranks, pistons, or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/28—Counterweights, i.e. additional weights counterbalancing inertia forces induced by the reciprocating movement of masses in the system, e.g. of pistons attached to an engine crankshaft; Attaching or mounting same
- F16F15/283—Counterweights, i.e. additional weights counterbalancing inertia forces induced by the reciprocating movement of masses in the system, e.g. of pistons attached to an engine crankshaft; Attaching or mounting same for engine crankshafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2202/00—Solid materials defined by their properties
- F16C2202/02—Mechanical properties
- F16C2202/06—Strength or rigidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
- F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
- F16C3/06—Crankshafts
- F16C3/14—Features relating to lubrication
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a crankshaft mounted on a reciprocating engine such as an automobile engine, a marine engine, a general-purpose engine such as a generator.
- crankshafts are roughly classified into those manufactured by die forging and those manufactured by casting.
- the former die forged crankshaft which is superior in strength and rigidity, is frequently used for a multi-cylinder engine having two or more cylinders.
- crankshaft 1 and 2 are side views schematically showing an example of a general crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine.
- the crankshaft 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is mounted on a four-cylinder engine, and includes five journal portions J1 to J5, four pin portions P1 to P4, a front portion Fr, a flange portion Fl, and a journal portion.
- Eight crank arm portions (hereinafter also simply referred to as “arm portions”) A1 to A8 that connect J1 to J5 and pin portions P1 to P4, respectively.
- a crankshaft 1 shown in FIG. 1 has counterweight portions (hereinafter also simply referred to as “weight portions”) W1 to W8 integrally with all eight arm portions A1 to A8.
- the crankshaft 1 is referred to as a 4-cylinder-8-sheet counterweight crankshaft.
- journal portions J1 to J5 the journal portions P1 to P4, the arm portions A1 to A8, and the weight portions W1 to W8 are collectively referred to
- the reference numerals are “J” for the journal portion and “P” for the pin portion.
- the pin portion P and a pair of arm portions A (including the weight portion W) connected to the pin portion P are collectively referred to as “slow”.
- the crankshaft 1 shown in FIG. 2 includes a first first arm portion A1, a rearmost eighth arm portion A8, and two central arm portions A (fourth arm) among the eight arm portions A1 to A8.
- the weight portion W is integrated with the portion A4 and the fifth arm portion A5).
- the remaining second, third, sixth and seventh arm parts A2, A3, A6 and A7 do not have a weight part.
- the crankshaft 1 is referred to as a 4-cylinder-4 counterweight crankshaft.
- the journal part J, the front part Fr and the flange part Fl are arranged coaxially with the rotation center of the crankshaft 1.
- the pin portion P is arranged eccentrically by a distance of half the piston stroke from the rotation center of the crankshaft 1.
- the journal portion J is supported by the engine block by a sliding bearing and serves as a rotation center shaft.
- a large end portion of a connecting rod (hereinafter also referred to as “connecting rod”) is connected to the pin portion P by a sliding bearing, and a piston is connected to a small end portion of the connecting rod.
- the front portion Fr is a front end portion of the crankshaft 1.
- a damper pulley 2 for driving a timing belt, a fan belt and the like is attached to the front portion Fr.
- the flange portion Fl is a rear end portion of the crankshaft 1.
- the flywheel 3 is attached to the flange part Fl.
- the magnitude of the elastic deformation of the crankshaft 1 is determined by the rigidity of the crankshaft 1 (particularly the arm portion A). Since the elastic deformation is preferably small, the rigidity is preferably high. However, generally, when the rigidity of the crankshaft 1 is increased, the weight of the crankshaft 1 increases.
- Enhance the rigidity of the arm part A of the crankshaft 1 and reduce the weight are in a trade-off relationship.
- various techniques related to the shape of the arm have been proposed.
- the prior art includes the following.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a crankshaft having a lightening portion on the surface of a pin portion side of an arm portion.
- 3A and 3B are diagrams schematically illustrating an example of an arm portion shape in a crankshaft disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 3A shows a side view
- FIG. 3B shows a front view in an axial view from the pin portion side.
- the lightening portion 10 is provided over the entire width direction of the arm portion A.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a crankshaft provided with a reinforcing rib portion in a lightening portion of an arm portion.
- the reinforcing rib part is provided on a straight line Ac (hereinafter also referred to as “arm part center line”) connecting the axis Jc of the journal part J and the axis Pc of the pin part P.
- the weight of the crankshaft can be reduced by the thinned portion while maintaining the rigidity of the arm portion.
- improvement in rigidity cannot be expected.
- improvement in torsional rigidity cannot be expected.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances.
- the objective of this invention is providing the crankshaft of the reciprocating engine which can implement
- a crankshaft of a reciprocating engine includes a journal part serving as a rotation center axis, a pin part eccentric with respect to the journal part, and a plurality of crank arm parts connecting the journal part and the pin part. . All or some of the plurality of crank arm portions integrally have a counterweight portion. Of the plurality of crank arm portions having the counterweight portion, all or a part of the surface on the pin portion side is provided with a lightening portion. A rib portion is provided along at least one of the two side portions of the lightening portion along the contour of the crank arm portion.
- the lightening portion is provided on the surface of the crank arm portion having the counterweight portion on the pin portion side, and the rib portion is provided on at least one of the two side portions of the lightening portion. Therefore, the side part of the arm part is thickened by the rib part, and the area inside the side part is thinned by the thinned part. As a result, it is possible to reduce the weight of the crankshaft and improve the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity.
- FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing an example of a crankshaft for a general multi-cylinder engine.
- FIG. 2 is a side view schematically showing another example of a crankshaft for a general multi-cylinder engine.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram schematically showing an example of the shape of an arm portion of a crankshaft disclosed in Patent Document 1, and shows a side view.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram schematically showing an example of the arm portion shape of the crankshaft disclosed in Patent Document 1, and shows a front view as viewed in the axial direction from the pin portion side.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for evaluating the bending rigidity of the arm portion.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for evaluating the bending rigidity of the arm portion.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for evaluating torsional rigidity of an arm portion, and shows a side view of one throw.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for evaluating the torsional rigidity of the arm portion, and shows a front view in a one-throw axial view.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a typical example when the arm portion is regarded as a simple disk, and shows a rectangular cross-section disk.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a typical example when the arm portion is regarded as a simple disk, and shows a convex cross-section disk.
- FIG. 6C is a diagram showing a typical example when the arm portion is regarded as a simple disk, and shows a concave cross-section disk.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing a typical example when the cross-sectional shape of the arm portion is simplified and the arm portion is regarded as a simple beam, and shows a rectangular cross-section beam.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram showing a typical example when the cross-sectional shape of the arm portion is simplified and the arm portion is regarded as a simple beam, and shows a convex cross-section beam.
- FIG. 7C is a diagram showing a typical example when the cross-sectional shape of the arm portion is simplified and the arm portion is regarded as a simple beam, and shows a concave cross-sectional beam.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram showing a typical example when the cross-sectional shape of the arm portion is simplified and the arm portion is regarded as a simple beam, and shows a rectangular cross-section beam.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram showing a typical example when the cross-sectional shape of the arm portion is simplified and the arm portion is regarded as a simple beam, and shows a conve
- FIG. 8 is a diagram summarizing the magnitude relation according to the cross-sectional shape of the cross-sectional secondary moment and the pole secondary moment directly related to the bending rigidity and the torsional rigidity.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram schematically showing an example of the shape of an arm portion in the crankshaft of the first embodiment, and shows a side view.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram schematically showing an example of the shape of the arm portion of the crankshaft of the first embodiment, and shows a front view in the axial direction view from the pin portion side.
- FIG. 9C shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line IXC-IXC in FIG. 9B.
- FIG. 9D shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line IXD-IXD in FIG. 9B.
- FIG. 9E shows a cross-sectional view of IXE-IXE of FIG. 9B.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the shape of an arm portion in the crankshaft of the first embodiment, and shows a side view.
- FIG. 10B is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the shape of the arm portion of the crankshaft according to the second embodiment, and shows a front view as viewed in the axial direction from the pin portion side.
- FIG. 10C shows a cross-sectional view along XC-XC of FIG. 10B.
- FIG. 10D shows an XD-XD cross-sectional view of FIG. 10B.
- FIG. 10E shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line XE-XE of FIG. 10B.
- FIG. 11A is a diagram schematically showing an example of the shape of an arm portion in the crankshaft of the third embodiment, and shows a side view.
- FIG. 11B is a diagram schematically showing an example of the shape of the arm portion of the crankshaft according to the third embodiment, and shows a front view as viewed in the axial direction from the pin portion side.
- FIG. 11C shows the XIC-XIC cross-sectional view of FIG. 11B.
- FIG. 11D shows a cross-sectional view of XID-XID of FIG. 11B.
- FIG. 11E shows a cross-sectional view of XIE-XIE of FIG. 11B.
- crankshaft of the reciprocating engine of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the crankshaft according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a journal portion serving as a rotation center shaft, a pin portion eccentric to the journal portion, and a plurality of crank arm portions connecting the journal portion and the pin portion. All or some of the plurality of crank arm portions integrally have a counterweight portion. Of the plurality of crank arm portions having the counterweight portion, all or a part of the surface on the pin portion side is provided with a lightening portion. A rib part is provided along the outline of the arm part on at least one of the two side parts of the lightening part.
- the lightening part is provided on the surface of the crank arm part having the counterweight part on the pin part side, and the rib part is provided on at least one of the two side parts of the lightening part. Therefore, the side part of the arm part is thickened by the rib part, and the area inside the side part is thinned by the thinned part. As a result, it is possible to reduce the weight of the crankshaft and improve the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity.
- the rib portion is provided on each of the two side portions of the lightening portion. In this case, the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity of the crankshaft are further improved.
- the crankshaft includes the following configuration.
- the rib portion extends from the end of the thinned portion on the pin portion side to a position closer to the counterweight portion than the rotation center of the crankshaft.
- the end of the rib portion on the counterweight portion side is the closest to the counterweight portion at the intersection of the outer periphery of the journal portion and the crank arm portion from the position of the journal center. It exists in the range to the position of the near point. In this case, improvement in bending rigidity and torsional rigidity can be expected while suppressing an increase in weight due to the rib portion.
- the crankshaft includes the following configuration.
- the top surface of the rib portion is the point closest to the counterweight portion at the intersection of the outer periphery of the pin portion and the crank arm portion, and the outer periphery of the journal portion and the crank arm portion. It is parallel to a straight line connecting the points closest to the counterweight portion among the intersections. In this case, an increase in weight can be suppressed while ensuring high bending rigidity.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for evaluating the bending rigidity of the arm portion.
- the combustion pressure load F caused by the explosion in the cylinder is applied to the pin portion P via the connecting rod.
- the load F is transmitted from the pin portion P to the journal bearing through the arm portion A.
- the arm portion A enters a three-point bending load state, and a bending moment M acts on the arm portion A.
- compressive stress is generated on the outer side in the plate thickness direction (journal part J side), and tensile stress is generated on the opposite inner side (pin part P side).
- the bending rigidity of the arm portion A depends on the shape of the arm portion of each throw.
- the weight part W hardly contributes to the bending rigidity.
- the displacement u in the combustion pressure load direction at the center in the axial direction of the pin portion P is proportional to the load F of the combustion pressure applied to the pin portion P as shown in the following equation (1), and the bending rigidity is increased.
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are schematic diagrams for explaining a method for evaluating the torsional rigidity of the arm part.
- FIG. 5A shows a side view of one throw
- FIG. 5B shows a front view of the one throw viewed in the axial direction. Since the crankshaft is rotating around the journal portion J, a torsion torque T is generated.
- the torsional rigidity of the arm portion A depends on the shape of the arm portion of each throw.
- the weight part W hardly contributes to torsional rigidity.
- the twist angle ⁇ of the journal portion J is proportional to the torsional torque T and inversely proportional to the torsional rigidity, as shown in the following formula (2). ⁇ T T / (torsional rigidity) (2)
- FIG. 6A to 6C are diagrams showing typical examples when the arm portion is regarded as a simple disk from the viewpoint of torsional rigidity in terms of material mechanics.
- FIG. 6A shows a rectangular cross-section disk
- FIG. 6B shows a convex cross-section disk
- FIG. 6C shows a concave cross-section disk.
- the upper stage shows a perspective view
- the lower stage shows a cross-sectional view.
- the weights of the rectangular cross-section disk shown in FIG. 6A, the convex cross-section disk shown in FIG. 6B, and the concave cross-section disk shown in FIG. 6C are the same. That is, these discs are different from each other in the cross-sectional shape of a rectangular shape, a convex shape and a concave shape, but their volumes are the same.
- the cross-sectional shape of the rectangular cross-section disk shown in FIG. 6A is a rectangle, the thickness is H 0 , and the diameter is B 0 .
- Cross-sectional shape of the convex section disc shown in FIG. 6B is a convex central portion protrudes from the outer peripheral portion, the outermost diameter of B 0.
- the central portion has a protruding thickness of H 2 and a diameter of B 2
- the outer peripheral portion has a thickness of H 1 .
- Cross-sectional shape of the concave section disc shown in Figure 6C the central portion is concave recessed from the outer peripheral portion, the outermost diameter of B 0. Its central portion has a thickness of depth H 3 of the recess in the H 1, the diameter of the recess is B 3.
- This formula (10) is a conclusion theoretically derived from material mechanics. This conclusion can be understood qualitatively from the material mechanics consideration that the pole secondary moment is higher in the cross-sectional shape in which many members are arranged far from the center of torsion. .
- the concave cross-section disk is the most preferable shape for the torsional load. This is because the torsional rigidity increases in the order of the convex cross-section disk, the rectangular cross-section disk, and the concave cross-section disk.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams showing typical examples in the case where the cross-sectional shape of the arm portion is simplified from the viewpoint of bending rigidity in terms of material mechanics, and the arm portion is regarded as a simple beam.
- FIG. 7A shows a rectangular cross-section beam
- FIG. 7B shows a convex cross-section beam
- FIG. 7C shows a concave cross-section beam.
- the upper stage shows a perspective view
- the lower stage shows a cross-sectional view.
- the weights of the rectangular cross-section beam shown in FIG. 7A, the convex cross-section beam shown in FIG. 7B, and the concave cross-section beam shown in FIG. 7C are the same. That is, these beams have different cross-sectional shapes from a rectangular shape, a convex shape, and a concave shape, but their cross-sectional areas are the same.
- the cross-sectional shape of the rectangular cross-section beam shown in FIG. 7A is a rectangle, the thickness is H 0 , and the width is B 3 .
- Cross-sectional shape of the convex section beam shown in Figure 7B the central portion is a convex protruding than both side portions, the total width is B 3.
- the central portion has a thickness of H 2 and a width of B 2 , and both side portions thereof have a thickness of H 1 and a width of B 1/2 .
- Cross-sectional shape of the concave section beam shown in FIG. 7C is a concave central portion is recessed than both side portions, the total width is B 3. Its central portion has a thickness of width at B 1 in H 1, Width Thickness respectively both sides thereof is with H 2 is B 2/2.
- Sectional moments of the three types of beams are expressed by the following equations (15) to (17).
- Sectional moment of rectangular beam: I (D) (1/12) ⁇ B 3 ⁇ H 0 3 (15)
- E 2 is “(B 2 ⁇ H 2 2 + B 1 ⁇ H 1 2 ) / ⁇ 2 ⁇ (B 2 ⁇ H 2 + B 1 ⁇ H 1 ) ⁇ ”
- E 1 is “H 2 -E 2 ”
- H 3 is “E 2 -H 1 ”.
- This formula (18) is a conclusion theoretically derived from material mechanics. This conclusion is qualitatively considered in terms of material mechanics that the cross-sectional shape in which a large number of members are arranged at a distance from the neutral plane of the bending increases the cross-sectional second moment. It can be understood from.
- a convex cross-section beam or a concave cross-section beam is a preferable shape for a bending load. This is because the convex cross-section beam and the concave cross-section beam in which a part of the arm part is thick have the same bending rigidity, and the bending rigidity thereof is higher than the bending rigidity of the rectangular cross-section beam.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram summarizing the magnitude relationship according to the cross-sectional shape of the cross-sectional secondary moment and the polar secondary moment that are directly related to the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity.
- FIG. 8 for each of the cross-sectional shapes of the rectangular cross section, the convex cross section, and the concave cross section shown in FIGS. 6A to 6C and FIGS. "Is displayed in the ratio.
- a crankshaft according to this embodiment includes a lightening portion on the surface of the arm portion on the pin portion side.
- the arm part provided with the lightening part may be all or a part of the plurality of arm parts having the weight part.
- rib portions are provided on the two side portions of the lightening portion, not on the arm centerline of the lightening portion.
- the arm portion is thickened at the two side portions by the rib portion, and the inner region is thinned by the thinned portion.
- the cross-sectional shape of such an arm portion is a concave shape. Therefore, according to the crankshaft according to the present embodiment, it is possible to realize an improvement in bending rigidity and torsional rigidity as well as weight reduction.
- the crankshaft according to the present embodiment may include a rib portion on one of the two side portions of the lightening portion.
- one side part is thickened by the rib part in an arm part.
- FIG. 9A to 9E are diagrams schematically showing an example of an arm portion shape in the crankshaft of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9A shows a side view
- FIG. 9B shows a front view in an axial view from the pin portion side.
- 9C shows an IXC-IXC sectional view of FIG. 9B
- FIG. 9D shows an IXD-IXD sectional view of FIG. 9B
- FIG. 9E shows an IXE-IXE sectional view of FIG. 9B.
- 9B and 9C are cross sections perpendicular to the arm center line Ac connecting the axis Jc of the journal part J and the axis Pc of the pin part P, and the center of rotation of the crankshaft (journal) It is a cross section passing through the axis Jc) of the part J.
- 9B and 9D are cross sections parallel to the IXC-IXC cross section and closer to the pin portion P than the rotation center of the crankshaft.
- 9B and 9E are cross sections parallel to the IXC-IXC cross section and closer to the weight portion W than the rotation center of the crankshaft.
- the crankshaft of the first embodiment may be a crankshaft of a 4-cylinder-8-blade counterweight or a crankshaft of a 4-cylinder-four-blade counterweight.
- the width direction of the arm part A (direction perpendicular to the arm part center line Ac)
- the meat removal part 10 is provided over the whole area.
- the rib part 11 is provided along the outline of the arm part A in each of the two side parts in the width direction of the thinned part 10.
- the region of the end portion of the lightening portion 10 on the weight portion W side extends to the side portion of the arm portion A, and the rib portion 11 does not extend to this region (see FIG. 9E). That is, the rib portion 11 only needs to extend from the end of the thinned portion 10 on the pin portion P side to a position closer to the weight portion W than the rotation center of the crankshaft.
- the end part 11 b on the weight part W side of the rib part 11 is separated from the outer periphery of the journal part J from the position of the axis Jc of the journal part J. It exists in the range to the position of the point JB closest to the weight part W among the intersections with the arm part A. This is because even if the end portion 11b of the rib portion 11 exceeds the position of the point JB, the improvement in rigidity is saturated.
- the shape of the top surface 11a of the rib part 11 is not particularly limited. However, the end portion 11 b of the rib portion 11 is not connected to the end of the lightening portion 10 on the weight portion W side. That is, the rib portion 11 is interrupted in the region of the lightening portion 10.
- the two side portions of the arm portion A are thickened by the rib portion 11, and the region inside the side portion is thinned by the thinned portion 10.
- the weight of the crankshaft is reduced, and together with this, the bending rigidity and torsional rigidity of the crankshaft are improved.
- the lubricant is effectively stirred by the interrupted rib portion 11.
- the rib portion 11 contributes not only to the improvement of rigidity but also to the stirring of the lubricant.
- FIG. 10A to FIG. 10E are diagrams schematically showing an example of the arm portion shape in the crankshaft of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10A shows a side view
- FIG. 10B shows a front view in an axial view from the pin portion side.
- 10C shows an XC-XC sectional view of FIG. 10B
- FIG. 10D shows an XD-XD sectional view of FIG. 10B
- FIG. 10E shows an XE-XE sectional view of FIG.
- the cross sections XC-XC, XD-XD and XE-XE in FIGS. 10B to 10E correspond to the positions of the IXC-IXC, IXD-IXD and IXE-IXE cross sections in FIGS. 9B to 9E, respectively.
- the arm portion A of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 10A to 10E is based on the configuration of the arm portion A of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 9A to 9E, and a part of the configuration is modified. .
- the point PB closest to the weight part W among the intersections of the outer periphery of the pin part P and the arm part A, and the intersection of the outer periphery of the journal part J and the arm part A A straight line LPJ connecting the point JB closest to the weight part W is drawn.
- the top surface 11a of the rib portion 11 is parallel to the straight line LPJ.
- the transmission path of the bending load in the arm part A follows the straight line LPJ. Therefore, if the top surface 11a of the rib portion 11 is parallel to the straight line LPJ, the rib portion 11 can efficiently bear a bending load.
- the arm portion A of the second embodiment having such a configuration has the same effects as those of the first embodiment. Moreover, in the case of the second embodiment, it is possible to minimize the size of the rib portion 11 while ensuring high bending rigidity by the rib portion 11. For this reason, 2nd Embodiment is effective in the further weight reduction of the whole crankshaft.
- FIG. 11A to FIG. 11E are diagrams schematically showing an example of an arm portion shape in the crankshaft of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11A shows a side view
- FIG. 11B shows a front view in an axial view from the pin part side
- 11C shows the XIC-XIC sectional view of FIG. 11B
- FIG. 11D shows the XID-XID sectional view of FIG. 11B
- FIG. 11E shows the XIE-XIE sectional view of FIG. 11B.
- the XIC-XIC cross section, the XID-XID cross section, and the XIE-XIE cross section correspond to the positions of the IXC-IXC cross section, IXD-IXD cross section, and IXE-IXE cross section of FIGS. 9B to 9E, respectively.
- the arm portion A of the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 11A to 11E is based on the configuration of the arm portion A of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 9A to 9E, and a part of the configuration is modified. .
- the rib portion 11 is provided on one of the two side portions in the width direction of the thinned portion 10.
- one side portion of the arm portion A is thickened by the rib portion 11. Even in this case, it is possible to realize an improvement in bending rigidity and torsional rigidity as well as weight reduction.
- the configuration of the third embodiment may be applied to the second embodiment.
- the crankshaft of the present invention is intended for a crankshaft mounted on any reciprocating engine. That is, the number of cylinders of the engine may be any of two, three, four, six, eight, and ten cylinders, and may be larger.
- the arrangement of the engine cylinders is not particularly limited, such as an in-line arrangement, a V-type arrangement, and an opposed arrangement.
- the fuel for the engine is not limited to gasoline, diesel, biofuel, etc.
- the engine also includes a hybrid engine formed by combining an internal combustion engine and an electric motor.
- the present invention can be effectively used for a crankshaft mounted on any reciprocating engine.
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Abstract
Description
1-1.アーム部の曲げ剛性
図4は、アーム部の曲げ剛性の評価法を説明するための模式図である。図4に示すように、クランク軸の各スローについて、シリンダ内での爆発による燃焼圧の荷重Fは、コンロッドを経由してピン部Pに負荷される。このとき、各スローは両端のジャーナル部Jが軸受けによって支持されているので、荷重Fはピン部Pからアーム部Aを介してジャーナル軸受けに伝わる。これにより、アーム部Aは3点曲げの荷重負荷状態となり、アーム部Aに曲げモーメントMが作用する。これに伴って、アーム部Aには、板厚方向の外側(ジャーナル部J側)で圧縮応力が発生し、それとは反対の内側(ピン部P側)では引張応力が発生する。
u ∝ F/(曲げ剛性) …(1)
図5A及び図5Bは、アーム部のねじり剛性の評価法を説明するための模式図である。これらの図のうち、図5Aは1スローの側面図を示し、図5Bはその1スローの軸方向視での正面図をそれぞれ示す。クランク軸はジャーナル部Jを中心に回転運動をしているので、ねじりトルクTが発生する。
γ ∝ T/(ねじり剛性) …(2)
2-1.アーム部剛性向上のための考え方
上述のとおり、ウエイト部は曲げ剛性とねじり剛性にほとんど寄与しない。そこで、本実施形態では、軽量で曲げ剛性とねじり剛性が同時に向上するアーム部形状を提示する。
ここでは、材料力学の理論に基づいて、ねじり剛性を向上させるための典型的な形状を検討する。アーム部Aについて、重量を維持しつつねじり剛性を向上させるには、極2次モーメントを大きくすることが有効である。
極2次モーメント:J=(π/32)×d4 …(4)
ねじれ角:γ=T×L/(G×J) …(5)
式(3)~式(5)中、L:軸方向長さ、G:横弾性率、d:丸棒の半径、T:ねじりトルクである。
(π/4)×B0×B0×H0=(π/4)×(B0×B0×H1+B2×B2×H2)=(π/4)×{B0×B0×(H1+H3)-B3×B3×H3)} …(6)
矩形断面円板の極2次モーメント:
J(A)=(π/32)×H0×B0 4 …(7)
J(B)=(π/32)×(H1×B0 4+H2×B2 4) …(8)
J(C)=(π/32)×{(H1+H3)×B0 4-H3×B3 4} …(9)
J(B) < J(A) < J(C) …(10)
ここでは、材料力学の理論に基づいて、曲げ剛性を向上させるための典型的な形状を検討する。アーム部Aについて、重量を維持しつつ曲げ剛性を向上させるには、曲げに対する断面2次モーメントを大きくすることが効率的である。
断面2次モーメント:I=(1/12)×b×h3 …(12)
たわみ変位:u=k(M/(E×I)) …(13)
式(11)~(13)中、b:幅、h:厚み、E:縦弾性率、M:曲げモーメント、k:形状係数である。
B3×H0=(H2×B2+B1×H1)=(H2×B2+B1×H1) …(14)
矩形断面梁の断面2次モーメント:
I(D)=(1/12)×B3×H0 3 …(15)
I(E)=1/3×(B3×E2 3-B1×H3 3 +B2×E1 3) …(16)
この式中、
E2は「(B2×H2 2+B1×H1 2)/{2×(B2×H2+B1×H1)}」、
E1は「H2-E2」、
H3は「E2-H1」である。
I(F)=1/3×(B3×E2 3-B1×H3 3 +B2×E1 3) …(17)
この式中、
E2は「(B2×H2 2+B1×H1 2)/{2×(B2×H2+B1×H1)}」、
E1は「H2-E2」、
H3は「E2-H1」である。
I(D) < I(E) = I(F) …(18)
図8は、曲げ剛性とねじり剛性に直接関連する断面2次モーメント及び極2次モーメントについて、断面形状に応じて大小関係をまとめた図である。図8では、前記図6A~図6C及び図7A~図7Cに示す矩形断面、凸型断面及び凹型断面の断面形状ごとに、極2次モーメント及び断面2次モーメントを、矩形断面を基準「1」とした比率で表示している。
本実施形態によるクランク軸は、アーム部のピン部側の表面に肉抜き部を備える。肉抜き部を備えるアーム部は、ウエイト部を有する複数のアーム部のうちの全部であってもよいし、一部であってもよい。更に、肉抜き部のアーム部中心線上ではなく、肉抜き部の2つの側部に、それぞれリブ部を備える。これにより、アーム部は、2つの側部がリブ部によって厚肉化され、その内側の領域が肉抜き部によって薄肉化される。このようなアーム部の断面形状は凹型となる。したがって、本実施形態によるクランク軸によれば、軽量化とともに、曲げ剛性及びねじり剛性の向上を実現できる。
[第1実施形態]
図9A~図9Eは、第1実施形態のクランク軸におけるアーム部形状の一例を模式的に示す図である。これらの図のうち、図9Aは側面図を示し、図9Bはピン部側からの軸方向視での正面図を示す。図9Cは図9BのIXC-IXC断面図を示し、図9Dは図9BのIXD-IXD断面図を示し、図9Eは図9BのIXE-IXE断面図を示す。図9B及び図9CのIXC-IXC断面は、ジャーナル部Jの軸心Jcとピン部Pの軸心Pcとを結ぶアーム部中心線Acに垂直な断面であって、クランク軸の回転中心(ジャーナル部Jの軸心Jc)を通る断面である。図9B及び図9DのIXD-IXD断面は、IXC-IXC断面と平行でクランク軸の回転中心よりもピン部P寄りの断面である。図9B及び図9EのIXE-IXE断面は、IXC-IXC断面と平行でクランク軸の回転中心よりもウエイト部W寄りの断面である。第1実施形態のクランク軸は、4気筒-8枚カウンターウエイトのクランク軸であってもよいし、4気筒-4枚カウンターウエイトのクランク軸であってもよい。
図10A~図10Eは、第2実施形態のクランク軸におけるアーム部形状の一例を模式的に示す図である。これらの図のうち、図10Aは側面図を示し、図10Bはピン部側からの軸方向視での正面図を示す。図10Cは図10BのXC-XC断面図を示し、図10Dは図10BのXD-XD断面図を示し、図10Eは図10BのXE-XE断面図を示す。図10B~図10EのXC-XC断面、XD-XD断面及びXE-XE断面は、それぞれ前記図9B~図9EのIXC-IXC断面、IXD-IXD断面及びIXE-IXE断面の位置に対応する。
図11A~図11Eは、第3実施形態のクランク軸におけるアーム部形状の一例を模式的に示す図である。これらの図のうち、図11Aは側面図を示し、図11Bはピン部側からの軸方向視での正面図を示す。図11Cは図11BのXIC-XIC断面図を示し、図11Dは図11BのXID-XID断面図を示し、図11Eは図11BのXIE-XIE断面図を示す。図11B~図11EのXIC-XIC断面、XID-XID断面及びXIE-XIE断面は、それぞれ前記図9B~図9EのIXC-IXC断面、IXD-IXD断面及びIXE-IXE断面の位置に対応する。
J、J1~J5:ジャーナル部
Jc:ジャーナル部の軸心
P、P1~P4:ピン部
Pc:ピン部の軸心
Fr:フロント部
Fl:フランジ部
A、A1~A8:クランクアーム部
Ac:アーム部中心線
W、W1~W8:カウンターウエイト部
PB:ピン部の外周とアーム部との交点のうちで最もウエイト部側の点
JB:ジャーナル部の外周とアーム部との交点のうちで最もウエイト部側の点
LPJ:点PBと点JBとを結ぶ直線
2:ダンパプーリ
3:フライホイール
10:肉抜き部
11:リブ部
11a:リブ部の頂面
Claims (4)
- 回転中心軸となるジャーナル部と、このジャーナル部に対して偏心したピン部と、前記ジャーナル部と前記ピン部をつなぐ複数のクランクアーム部と、を備え、レシプロエンジンに搭載されるクランク軸であって、
前記複数のクランクアーム部の全部又は一部はカウンターウエイト部を一体で有し、
前記カウンターウエイト部を有する前記複数のクランクアーム部のうちの全部又は一部は、前記クランクアーム部の前記ピン部側の表面に肉抜き部を備え、
前記肉抜き部の2つの側部のうちの少なくとも一方に、前記クランクアーム部の輪郭に沿ってリブ部が設けられた、レシプロエンジンのクランク軸。 - 請求項1に記載のレシプロエンジンのクランク軸であって、
前記リブ部が前記肉抜き部の前記2つの側部のそれぞれに設けられる、レシプロエンジンのクランク軸。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のレシプロエンジンのクランク軸であって、
前記リブ部は、前記肉抜き部の前記ピン部側の端から、前記クランク軸の回転中心よりも前記カウンターウエイト部寄りの位置まで延び、
前記クランクアーム部を側面から見たとき、前記リブ部の前記カウンターウエイト部側の端部は、前記ジャーナル部の軸心の位置から、前記ジャーナル部の外周と前記クランクアーム部との交点のうちで前記カウンターウエイト部に最も近い点の位置までの範囲に存在する、レシプロエンジンのクランク軸。 - 請求項3に記載のレシプロエンジンのクランク軸であって、
前記クランクアーム部を側面から見たとき、前記リブ部の頂面は、前記ピン部の外周と前記クランクアーム部との交点のうちで前記カウンターウエイト部に最も近い点と、前記ジャーナル部の外周と前記クランクアーム部との交点のうちで前記カウンターウエイト部に最も近い点と、を結ぶ直線と平行である、レシプロエンジンのクランク軸。
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JP2017523621A JP6443546B2 (ja) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-06-06 | レシプロエンジンのクランク軸 |
EP16807418.5A EP3309417B1 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-06-06 | Crankshaft for reciprocating engine |
US15/735,496 US10247226B2 (en) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-06-06 | Crankshaft for reciprocating engine |
MX2017015894A MX2017015894A (es) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-06-06 | Cigüeñal para motor reciprocante. |
BR112017025706-8A BR112017025706A2 (ja) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-06-06 | The crankshaft of a reciprocating engine |
CN201680033024.4A CN107709803B (zh) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-06-06 | 往复式发动机的曲轴 |
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JPWO2016199711A1 (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
CN107709803A (zh) | 2018-02-16 |
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US10247226B2 (en) | 2019-04-02 |
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