WO2016195537A1

WO2016195537A1 - Method and means for moving an aircraft

Info

Publication number: WO2016195537A1
Application number: PCT/RU2016/000235
Authority: WO
Inventors: Михаил Сергеевич НИКИТЮК
Original assignee: Михаил Сергеевич НИКИТЮК
Priority date: 2015-06-02
Filing date: 2016-04-22
Publication date: 2016-12-08
Also published as: RU2015121248A

Abstract

The group of inventions relates to methods and means for moving aircraft (including spacecraft) of various purpose. It is proposed to generate a lifting (moving) force of said craft by accelerating a liquid in radial curved channels (8) connected to a hollow rotor (3), which can be set into rotation with an engine (10). The rotor (3) is mounted inside a housing (1) with the aid of supports (2). The liquid, sucked up by a fan (7), passes through apertures (6) into the internal cavity of the rotor (3) and into the channels (8). The channels (8) terminate in nozzles (9) for discharging the liquid. The peripheral part of the channel is initially bent in a horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor (3), and then in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor (3). A channel (4) serves for supplying and draining the liquid, and a channel (5) serves for removing and inputting air.

Description

METHOD AND MEANS OF MOVING THE AIRCRAFT

The invention relates to astronautics and can be used for flights in the Earth’s atmosphere, for launching various vehicles into outer space, for their movement in outer space, for spatial maneuvering of orbiting spacecraft. These methods of creating a lifting and driving force can also be used to move land, surface and underwater vehicles. This method of spatial maneuvering of orbiting spacecraft can be used to temporarily change the spatial position and radius of the orbit of the orbiting spacecraft.

As a prototype according to these inventions, a description of the invention “A method for creating the lifting force of an aircraft and an aircraft for its implementation” to the international application for invention RCT / RU2008 / 000032, published on 7.08.2008, was adopted. International Publication Number WO 2008/094075 A1.

The above-mentioned method is based on the fact that the lifting force is created by rotating a disk that performs the functions of an aircraft propulsion device, in a horizontal plane around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, with a rotation speed exceeding the number of revolutions n =

where: K is the load factor of the disks, ё ^" acceleration of gravity, Yaz is the radius of the Earth, R is the radius the circumference of the radial center of gravity of the disk.

The aforementioned aircraft includes two hollow discs located on a common axis. One of the disks is internal and located inside the external disk, the inner perimeter of which is equipped with teeth. The inner disk is equipped with radially mounted jet engines. The nozzles of the engines at the exit of the disk are turned tangentially to the perimeter of the disk and are directed to the front faces of the teeth of the outer disk. The hubs of both discs are connected to the hollow axis using supports. On the top of the axis is a cab.

This aircraft operates as follows.

When you turn on the jet engines, the discs begin to rotate in opposite directions. When the speed reaches n _H = J ^~ K * 1258.86 / R, the aircraft becomes weightless, and when it is exceeded, it begins to move away from the Earth. The lifting force of the aircraft is created by centrifugal forces caused by the rotation of the points of the disks belonging to their radial centers of gravity around the center of the Earth.

Signs that are common to the prototype and the proposed method of creating a lifting (driving) force, consist in using centrifugal forces caused by the rotation of the body around its own axis to create a lifting (driving) force.

Signs that are common to the prototype and the inventive propulsors consist in the presence of a number of variants of the inventive propellers of the internal and external disks, in the presence of the external disks of teeth located along their inner perimeter, and nozzles rotated tangentially to the perimeter of the internal disk (rotor) and directed to the front faces of the teeth of the outer disk (housing).

The problem solved by the inventions is:

- in ensuring the output of aircraft into space and their movement in outer space without using to create a driving force for the release of reactive mass;

- to simplify the mechanism of the output of aircraft into space and their return to Earth;

- to reduce the overloads acting on the crews of spacecraft at the time of their launch into outer space and at the time of landing;

- in expanding opportunities to ensure an increase in the size and mass of cargoes launched into space;

- in expanding opportunities for the creation of reusable spacecraft;

- in expanding capabilities to ensure an increase in the range of space flights;

- expanding the possibilities of creating universal vehicles capable of mixing in air, water and airless space;

- in improving the flight safety of orbital aircraft;

- in providing a temporary change in the spatial position and orbit height of orbital spacecraft.

The technical result aimed at solving this problem by the method of creating a lifting (driving) force is achieved by the fact that in this method a lifting (moving) force is created by accelerating a fluid in radially located channels of a body rotating by an engine around its own axis, curving the path fluid motion in the planes to which the axis of rotation of the body belongs, in the direction opposite to the direction of the generated lifting (driving) force, while counteracting the movement of the liquid slave which body due to dynamic pressure oncoming liquid stream using water seal or by installing the valves at the outlet of specified channels.

The technical result aimed at solving this problem by the method of spatial maneuvering of orbital aircraft is achieved by the fact that in this method, the change in spatial position and the radius of their orbit is carried out without changing the mass of the aircraft, due to a temporary change in the weight of individual parts of the aircraft, or temporary weight changes of the entire aircraft.

The technical result aimed at solving this problem by mover, including a housing, inside which a rotor is mounted, driven by a motor, is achieved by the fact that according to the invention the housing has hydraulic and air channels, a fan is installed in the inner cavity of a vertically arranged hollow rotor, in the rotor body made windows and radial channels for the passage of a liquid working fluid, ending with nozzles, and these radial channels are curved in the planes to which the axis of the rotor belongs tions of the rotor, in a direction opposite to the driving force generated, and their peripheral portion is curved in the horizontal plane in the direction of rotor rotation.

The technical result aimed at solving this problem by propulsion is also achieved by the fact that the peripheral part of the radial channels of the rotor is first curved in a horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor, and then curved in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor.

The technical result aimed at solving this problem by propulsion is also achieved by the fact that at the exit of the radial channels of the rotor valves are installed.

The technical result aimed at solving this problem by propulsion is also achieved by the fact that the rotor has radial channels, made in his body, one part of which is curved in the direction opposite to the curvature of the second part of the channels, and a switchgear is installed in the inner cavity of the rotor, which ensures the distribution of the liquid working fluid between the said channels.

The technical result aimed at solving this problem by mover is also achieved by the fact that its body along the inner perimeter is equipped with teeth, a heat exchanger is installed inside the body, which surrounds the part of the rotor around the perimeter in the region of windows made in its body, in the rotor body there are channels for air passage in its radial channels, the peripheral part of the radial channels of the rotor is first curved in a horizontal plane in the direction of the direction of rotation of the rotor, then curved in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of p torus, and radial passages of the nozzle are rotated tangentially to the perimeter of the rotor and directed to the front side of the casing of the teeth, and the motor for rotating the rotor, is used as a starter

The technical result aimed at solving this problem with the propulsion device is also achieved by the fact that the radial channels of the rotor are divided into sections with their radii of curvature, and the peripheral part of each section of the radial channel is curved in a horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the propeller rotor.

The technical result aimed at solving this problem on the propulsion is also achieved by the fact that its rotor is mounted horizontally.

A new feature in relation to the prototype in the way of creating a lifting (driving) force is the use of a fluid acceleration in radially located channels of a body rotating around its own axis to create a lifting (moving) force. Also new is the curvature of the trajectory of the fluid in the indicated channels of the rotating body in the planes to which the axis belongs rotation of the body, in the opposite direction to the direction of the generated lifting, driving force. Also new is the provision of counteraction to the movement of a liquid working fluid in radially located channels due to the high-pressure head of the oncoming fluid flow, either by means of a water seal or by installing valves at the outlet of these channels.

A new feature in the method of spatial maneuvering of orbital aircraft is that a change in spatial position and a change in the radius of the orbit of orbital aircraft is carried out without changing the mass of the aircraft, but by temporarily changing the weight of individual parts of the aircraft, or temporarily changing the weight of the entire aircraft.

A new feature of the prototype with respect to the propulsion device is that its body has hydraulic and air channels, a fan is installed in the inner cavity of the hollow rotor, windows and radial channels for the passage of the liquid working fluid, ending in nozzles, are made in the rotor body, and these radial channels curved in the planes to which the axis of rotation of the rotor belongs, in the direction opposite to the direction of the generated driving force. Also new is the fact that the peripheral part of the radial channels of the rotor is curved in a horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor. It is also new that the peripheral part of the radial channels of the rotor is first curved in a horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor, and then curved in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor. What is new is that valves are installed in the nozzles of the radial channels of the propulsion device.

Also new is the fact that the rotor has radial channels made in its body, one part of which is curved to the side, opposite to the curvature direction of the second part of the channels, and in the inner cavity of the rotor there is a distribution device for distributing the liquid working fluid between the said channels.

Also new is the fact that its casing is equipped with teeth along the inner perimeter, a heat exchanger is installed inside the casing, which surrounds the part of the rotor around the perimeter of the windows made in its body, there are channels in the rotor body for air to pass into its radial channels, and the peripheral part of the rotor's radial channels initially curved in the horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor, then curved in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor, and the nozzles of the radial channels are rotated tangentially to the perimeter of the rotor and directed to the front faces of the teeth of the housing, and the motor, which drives the rotor, is used as a starter. It is also new that the radial channels of the rotor are divided into sections with their own radii of curvature, and the peripheral part of each section of the radial channel is curved in a horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor of the propeller.

Also new is the fact that the rotor of the propulsion device is mounted horizontally.

A new feature of the prototype in a vehicle is that the propulsors are installed inside the vehicle body, one part of them is located in the horizontal plane, and the other part is located in the vertical plane of the vehicle.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 - shows a diagram of the interaction of forces during rotation around the circumference of a material point belonging to the radial center of gravity of a disk rotating around its own axis passing through center of the earth;

in FIG. 2 — a material point belonging to the radial center of gravity of a rotating disk is depicted in three positions;

in FIG. 3 - shows the flight path of the orbital aircraft according to the proposed method of maneuvering;

in FIG. 4 - shows a radial section of the mover, creating a driving force in one direction;

in FIG. 5 is a top view of a propeller rotor with channels rotated to the axis of rotation of the rotor;

in FIG. 6 - shows a top view of the rotor of the propulsion with channels rotated in the direction of rotation of the rotor;

in FIG. 7 - shows a radial section of a propulsion device capable of operating in an autonomous mode;

in FIG. 8 - shows a top view of the rotor of the propulsion device, capable of working in stand-alone mode;

in FIG. 9 - shows a radial section of the mover with a horizontal arrangement of the rotor;

in FIG. 10 - shows a radial section of the mover, creating a driving force in two directions;

in FIG. 11 - shows a diagram of the placement of propulsors in a vehicle.

These inventions are based on the following theoretical foundations.

It is known that under the influence of external loads the bodies change their linear dimensions. Depending on the direction of the forces applied to the body, its dimensions can increase or decrease. When the body rotates around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, in the process of increasing (decreasing) the frequency of its rotation, the linear dimensions of the body also change. As a rotating body, we consider a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth. To understand the essence of the physical processes that occur when a disk rotates around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, we consider the material point rn belonging to its radial center of gravity (see Fig. 1).

The figure 1 shows the material point m belonging to the radial center of gravity of a disk rotating in a horizontal plane around its own axis O _\ 0 ₂ passing through the center of the Earth. The movement of the material point in the process of rotation of the disk occurs along a circle of radius R. When it rotates in the horizontal plane, it is located at a distance from the center of the Earth.

When a material point> n rotates in a horizontal plane around an axis passing through the center of the Earth, two centripetal forces act on it:

- gravity P - holds the material point * n on the trajectory of its movement, with the rotation of the material point m around the center of the Earth;

- centripetal force FR - keeps the material point on the trajectory of motion, when it rotates around the point of intersection of the horizontal plane at which the material point rotates, with the axis passing through the center of the Earth.

In turn, the material point m, when it rotates around an axis passing through the center of the Earth, acts on the bonds holding it, restricting the freedom of its movement and forcing it to move curvilinearly, with centrifugal forces caused by the rotation of the material point. Since two centripetal forces act on the material point ^m , in the process of its movement, then, consequently, when the material point m rotates around an axis passing through the center of the Earth, two centrifugal forces arise:

- FHER - centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the material point m in the horizontal plane around the intersection point of this plane with the axis passing through the center of the Earth; - FUER3 - centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the material point m around the center of the Earth.

Centrifugal force FUERI AND gravity P, acting in the diametrical plane of the earth's sphere, are directed along the line of action of gravity in opposite directions. They form the trajectory of the motion of the material point w in the diametrical plane of the earth's sphere.

At steady-state modes of disk rotation, each fixed value of the disk rotation speed n = Const corresponds to its specific value of the linear velocity of the points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity, and the magnitude of the centrifugal forces with which the points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity balance the force of gravity, acting on them:

(one )

The centrifugal force FUHR AND the centripetal force FR, acting in the horizontal plane, when the material point P rotates around an axis passing through the center of the Earth, are directed in opposite directions.

For each fixed value of the disk rotation speed n = Const, the condition of equality of centrifugal and centripetal forces acting in the horizontal plane as a result of its rotation is satisfied: mV ²

FL ER - FR - - Const · (2)

R

At a constant frequency of rotation of the disk around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth n = Const, these forces do not affect the change in the weight of the disk, since the projections of these forces on the directions of gravity acting on the points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity are also equal :

FLLERR3 = FRR3 = Const, (3) where:

FLIERR3 = FLIER Sin cc - projection of centrifugal forces acting in the horizontal plane when the disk rotates around its own axis on the direction of gravity acting on the points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity;

FRR3 - FR Sin a - projections of centripetal forces acting in the horizontal plane during the rotation of a disk rotating around its own axis on the direction of gravity acting on points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity.

The diameter of a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the earth increases with increasing frequency of its rotation, but decreases with decreasing frequency of rotation. This indicates a constant imbalance of centrifugal and centripetal forces acting in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk. In the process of increasing the frequency of rotation of the disk around its own axis, the ratio of centrifugal and centripetal forces will be as follows:

and in the process of reducing the frequency of rotation of the disk, an excess of centripetal forces over centrifugal forces will be observed:

The ratio of the projections of these forces to the direction of gravity acting on points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity with increasing disk rotation speed will be as follows: FlJERR3> FRR3, (6) and when the disk is braking, on the contrary, this ratio of the projections of centrifugal and centripetal forces acting in the plane of rotation of the disk, on the direction of gravity acting on points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity, will look like:

FUERR3 <FRR3. (7) Thus, in transitional regimes, in the process of changing the frequency of rotation of a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, its weight will change due to the imbalance of centrifugal and centripetal forces acting in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the disk. In the process of increasing the frequency of rotation of the disk, its weight will decrease, and when braking the disk, on the contrary, increase.

Let us determine the influence of the dynamic characteristics of a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, in the process of increasing (decreasing) its frequency of rotation, on the change in the weight of the disk. To do this, we consider the material point pg belonging to the radial center of gravity of a disk rotating in a horizontal plane around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth (see Fig. 2)

The figure 2 shows the material point P belonging to the radial center of gravity of a disk rotating in a horizontal plane around its own axis 0 102 passing through the center of the Earth in three positions: pg, pg _x and UP ₂ . In position m, the point is motionless. It is located at a distance R from the axis of rotation of the disk and at a distance from the center of the Earth. In the UP position, the UP point is located at a distance R _\ from the axis of rotation of the disk and at a distance

from the center of the earth. To this position of the point m corresponds to the rotational speed of the disk n _\ and the linear velocity of the point of UP equal to V. At position t _{2, the} point of UP is located at a distance R ₂ from the axis of rotation of the disk and at a distance R32 from the center of the Earth. To this position of the point m corresponds to the rotational speed of the disk n ₂ and the linear velocity of the point UP, equal to V ₂ .

When moving the point of UP belonging to the radial center of gravity of a disk rotating in the horizontal plane around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth with a constant speed V = Const, the acting forces are equal to:

P = mg FLIERJ FLIER = FR = = Const (8)

RJ R

Consider the behavior of the point of UP belonging to the radial center of gravity of a disk rotating in the horizontal plane around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth with increasing disk rotation frequency.

Initially, the disk is stationary. Point UP is at a distance equal to radius R from the point O belonging to the axis O i O ₂ passing through the center of the Earth. After the beginning of the disk rotation, the centrifugal force FIIER3 appears, with which the point> n acts on its bonds holding relative to the center of the Earth. A centrifugal force FLIER appears, with which the point tn acts on the bonds holding it relative to the center of the circle along which the point m moves in the horizontal plane, and the centripetal force FR appears, as a reaction of the bonds holding the point ^m in the horizontal plane relative to the axis O \ 0 ₂ passing through the center of the earth.

As noted above, at a constant velocity of the point m

belonging to the radial center of gravity of a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, V = Const, the forces acting in the horizontal plane as a result of its rotation are equal to:

FUER = FR - ^{m V} - Const

R

The projections of these forces on the direction of gravity acting on points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity are also equal:

mV ²

FUERR3 = FRR3 = Sin a = Const.

R

They do not affect the weight change of the rotating disk.

Now consider the processes that occur with the disk as its rotation frequency increases.

Initially, the disk is stationary. Since the disk is stationary relative to the Earth, the weight of the disk is equal to the force of gravity acting on it. Centers the severities of all elementary sectors forming the disk are located at a distance R from its axis. After the start of the disk rotation in the plane of its rotation, centrifugal forces arise, under the action of which the particles located in the nodes of the crystal lattices are displaced from the initial equilibrium positions to new positions. This displacement of particles is prevented by the forces of interaction between the particles, as a result of which elastic forces arise in the rotating disk, which balance the centrifugal forces.

We consider the rotation of the disk in the range of stresses arising in the disk to the elastic limit. At these voltages, after their removal in the disk, residual deformations are not obtained.

As a result of the displacement of particles caused by the action of centrifugal forces during rotation of the disk, there is an increase in the radius of each of its points, and consequently, an increase in the radius of its radial center of gravity. The point m of the radial center of gravity of the fixed disk will move tangentially to the circle from the original position located at a distance R from its axis to a new position and will be at a distance Ri from the axis of rotation of the disk.

In the process of increasing the frequency of rotation of the disk, the balance of forces acting in the horizontal plane is disturbed. The centrifugal force FiiER with increasing disk speed and increasing the linear velocity of the point ^t increases all the time. In this case, until the moment when the rotation speed of the disk increases, the balance of forces acting in the horizontal plane is violated, that is, in the process of increasing the rotation frequency of the disk the condition will be fulfilled all the time:

FllHR> FR. (eleven) Due to this constant imbalance of forces acting in the horizontal plane, the linear dimensions of the rotating disk increase, and the elastic stresses in the disk increase due to its rotation.

Since in the process of increasing the rotational speed of the disk, the balance of centrifugal and centripetal forces is violated and the condition:

FLIER> FR, (12) then the equality of the projections of these forces on the direction of gravity acting on the points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity is violated. In this case, the condition will be satisfied:

FLIERR3> FRR3, (13) which leads to an imbalance in the forces acting on the point m along the direction of gravity acting on it. The weight of the point ^ decreases. The weight of the entire disk as a whole also decreases, since the weight of all the points forming it decreases. The reduction in the weight of the disk will occur until the disk reaches the steady state n = Const and the balance of forces acting in the horizontal plane is restored:

FLIER = FR, (14) and the equilibrium of the projections of these forces on the direction of gravity acting on all points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity will also be restored: FlJERR3 = FRR3. (fifteen)

If the linear velocity of the point m is not very large, then the centrifugal force FUER3, caused by its rotation around the center of the Earth, is very small and does not significantly affect the decrease in the weight of the point ^m belonging to the radial center of gravity of the rotating disk. Therefore, at small linear velocities of the point m, we will consider the weight of the point ^m moving with constant peripheral speed, and the weight of the entire disk as a whole equal to their weight in a stationary state.

So, we found that in the process of increasing the speed of a disk rotating in a horizontal plane around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, its weight will be less than the weight of a fixed disk. This effect of reducing the weight of a rotating disk in the process of increasing its rotation frequency will be manifested until the disk reaches the steady state n = Const.

After the disk exits in the process of increasing its rotation frequency to the steady state n = Const, its weight will be restored and will be equal, at small linear speeds of the points belonging to its radial center of gravity, to the weight of the disk in its stationary state. Only the centrifugal forces caused by the rotation of the points belonging to its radial center of gravity around the center of the Earth will affect the weight of a disk rotating in a horizontal plane around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, in the steady state of its rotation n = Const.

Now we will consider the processes occurring with a rotating disk, as its rotation frequency decreases during disk braking.

Initially, the disk rotates with a constant frequency n = Const, which ensures the constancy of the linear speed of the motion of its points around the axis О _t О ₂ . The condition of equality of forces acting in horizontal plane, and their projections on the direction of gravity acting on points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity: FLIER = FR, FUERR3 = FRR3. (16)

Only centrifugal forces, caused by the rotation of points belonging to its radial center of gravity around the center of the Earth, affect the weight of the disk.

After the beginning of disk braking, as its rotation frequency decreases and the linear speed of movement of its points decreases, the balance of centrifugal and centripetal forces is disrupted now in the other direction. The disk begins to compress under the action of elastic forces. In this case, during its braking, the condition will be satisfied:

FLIER <FR. (17)

Therefore, in the process of disk braking, the ratio of the projections of these forces to the direction of gravity acting on points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity will be as follows:

FUERR3 <FRR3, (18) which will lead to an imbalance in the forces acting on the points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity along the direction of gravity acting on them. The weight of the points forming the disk will increase. Consequently, the weight of the entire disk as a whole will increase.

An increase in the weight of a disk during its braking will occur until the disk stops completely or its rotation frequency will cease to decrease.

When the rotation of the disk is completely stopped, its weight will be restored, and when the frequency of rotation is stabilized, the weight of the disk will be determined by the magnitude of the centrifugal forces with which the points of the rotating disk belonging to its radial center of gravity balance the force of gravity acting on them when they rotate around the center of the Earth.

Let us determine the dependence of the change in the value of the weight of a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth and the lifting force created by it during transient conditions, in the process of increasing (decreasing) the frequency of rotation of the disk, from geometric and physical parameters (see Fig. 2).

Suppose that the disk rotates around its own axis 0 \ 0 ₂ passing through the center of the Earth with a rotation frequency equal to n. The point m belonging to the radial center of gravity of the disk is in the position W _\ at a distance R i from the center of the circle along which it moves in the horizontal plane, and at a distance R3i from the center of the Earth. It has a linear velocity V. The centripetal force holding the point m at a distance R ι from the axis of rotation, and the centrifugal force with which the point m acts on the bonds holding it in the horizontal plane, are equal to:

Equal are the projections of these forces on the direction of gravity acting on the point t: Sinai. (twenty)

Projection projection

centrifugal force FIIERI, with which every i-th point, belonging to the radial center of gravity of a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, affects its holding in the horizontal plane of communication, the direction of gravity acting on the i-th point w , on the axis of rotation of the disk will be equal to:

Ya = Sinai Cosa \. (21)

The sum of the projections Ya of all i - x points forming the circle of the radial center of gravity of the rotating disk will be equal to:

Y \ - axCosai · (22)

Now we will begin to increase the disk rotation frequency from n \ to ⁿ ₂ during the time At. As the time interval during which the disk rotational speed increases, we take the time interval Δ / = \ SEC. Moreover, in the process of increasing the speed of the disk, the linear speed of the point m will increase from V to V ₂ .

In the process of increasing the disk rotation frequency, the point ^m through the time interval At = \ sr, as a result of the excess of the centrifugal force FUER over the centripetal force FR, will be in the position m ₂ at a distance R ₂ from the center of the circle along which it moves in the horizontal plane, and at a distance of R32 from the center of the earth. The centrifugal force with which the point m acts on the bonds holding the point and * relative to the center of the circle along which it occurs movement in the horizontal plane, in position (2) will be equal to:

FllERl = (23)

and its projection on the direction of gravity acting on a point in position (2) will be equal to:

ΪΥΙ V 2

FUERR 2 = FUER2 Sincc2 = Sinai. (24)

The projection of the projection FU, ERR32 of the centrifugal force FWR2, With which every i-th point, belonging to the radial center of gravity of a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth, affects the direction of gravity acting on it in the horizontal plane of communication, acting on i - th point ^, on the axis of rotation of the disk will be equal to:

2

ΥΥΙ V 2

FuERRmCosai = FUERH Sina2 Cosa2 = Sina2 Cosa2

The sum of the projections Y of all ί - x points forming the circle of the radial center of gravity of the rotating disk will be equal to:

Then the magnitude of the lifting force, reducing the weight of the disk, acting along the axis of rotation of the disk, oriented to the center of the Earth, in the process of increasing its frequency of rotation from magnitude p ₁ to magnitude p _2? will be is equal to:

·

Given the fact that the mass of the points forming the circle of the radial center of gravity of the disk is equal to the mass of the disk as a whole: p

^ mi ^ m, (28) l = \

expression (27) will take the form:

Y =. (29)

If this condition (29) is satisfied during each time interval Δί =

, in the process of increasing the frequency of rotation of a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth:

V ^ v ^

7 = SinaiCosai Sina \ Cosa \ -Const, (30)

it can be argued that this lifting force, reducing its weight, will be present as long as the rotational speed of the disk increases. The quantities in expression (30) are equal to:

Sinai => ( ^{3 1} )

Substituting expressions (31) and (32) into expression (30), we obtain a formula for determining the magnitude of the lifting force created by a disk rotating around its own axis passing through the center of the Earth in the process of increasing its rotation frequency:

Let us bring expression (33) to a general form. To do this, we replace the distance R3 from the points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity to the center of the Earth by the value of an arbitrary radius RK of the curvature of the trajectory of the points of the disk belonging to its radial center of gravity in the planes to which the disk rotation axis belongs: (34)

The analysis of this expression shows that the magnitude of the lifting (driving) force created by a body rotating around its own axis depends on all the variable parameters included in this expression. By changing in one way or another the values of the variable parameters included in expression (34), it is possible to change the magnitude and direction of the lifting (driving) force.

The speed of the material point m, rotating around an axis passing through the center of the Earth, is determined by the formula:

V = InRn. (35)

Substituting expression (35) into expression (34), we obtain:

At a constant frequency of rotation of the disk n = Const, expression (36) takes the form:

Obviously, at a constant frequency of rotation of a solid around its own axis, the quantities included in expression (37) are equal to:

since at a constant frequency of rotation of a solid, there is no change in its linear dimensions. Therefore, the driving force of the disk, caused by its rotation around its own axis, at a constant frequency of rotation of the disk is equal to zero.

Consider the possibility of creating a driving force by a body rotating around its own axis, at a constant frequency of its rotation.

An analysis of expression (37) shows that in order to create a driving force by a body rotating around its own axis with a constant frequency, the following conditions must be satisfied: n> 0, m> 0, for RKI = RK \: RI * R \, for R2 = R \ RKI RK \, (39) the expression (37) makes sense if the following conditions are true:

RK2 * 0,

. (40) An analysis of expression (37), taking into account the fulfillment of conditions (39) and (40), shows that the creation of a driving force by a solid body rotating around its own axis with a constant rotation frequency directed along its rotation axis is possible due to the movement of liquid working fluid in radial channels made in a rotating body. In this case, a prerequisite for the creation of a driving force is the presence of centripetal forces that bend the trajectory of the liquid working fluid in the planes that belong to the axis of rotation of the body in the opposite direction to the created driving force.

The method of spatial maneuvering of orbital space apparatus is based on the fact that the change in the spatial position of the orbital aircraft occurs without changing its mass, due to a decrease (increase) in the weight of its constituent parts, or a decrease (increase) in the weight of the entire aircraft. By changing the weight of individual parts of the orbital aircraft located on opposite sides from the center of gravity of the aircraft, we can change its spatial position relative to the longitudinal and transverse axes passing through the center of gravity of the aircraft.

The increase (decrease) in the radius of the orbit of the aircraft occurs due to changes in its weight. With a decrease in the weight of the orbital aircraft, the radius of its orbit will increase, and with an increase in weight, on the contrary, it will decrease.

We consider this method of spatial maneuvering of an orbiting spacecraft using the following example: for example, let two aircraft move in an orbit of radius K3 towards each other (see Fig. 3). To prevent a collision on the aircraft 1, thrusters are turned on to reduce its weight. As a result of reducing the weight of the aircraft, the height of its orbit will increase. At the time of the alleged collision, he will be in position 1-1, and the aircraft 2 will continue to move in the same orbit and at the time of the alleged collision he will be in position 2-2. We managed to avoid collisions of aircraft. After the propellers are turned off on aircraft 1, its weight will be restored and it will occupy the previous orbit on which it was before the maneuver began.

The mover for the implementation of the above method of creating a lifting (driving) force and a method of spatial maneuvering of orbital aircraft consists (see Fig. 4) of a housing 1, inside of which a rotor 3 is mounted using supports 2. channel 4 for supplying and draining the liquid and the air channel 5. The rotor 3 is hollow inside. It is mounted vertically. In its lower part there are windows 6 for the passage of fluid into the inner cavity of the rotor 3. Inside the rotor 3 above the windows 6 there is a fan 7 for sucking fluid into the inner cavity of the rotor 3. Radial channels 8 are placed along the outer perimeter of the rotor 3, along which the fluid flows from the inner cavity of the rotor 3. The channels 8 are curved in the planes to which the axis of rotation of the rotor 3 belongs, in the direction opposite to the direction of the generated lifting (driving) force. The radial channels 8, on their peripheral part, end with nozzles 9, from which the working fluid flows during the rotation of the rotor 3. The peripheral part of the channel is first curved in the horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor 3, and then curved in the direction of rotation of the rotor 3 (see Fig. 5). The rotor 3 is driven by an engine 10.

The proposed mover works as follows.

When the engine 10 is turned on, the rotor 3 starts to rotate. A liquid is introduced into the internal cavity of the housing 1 through channel 4 (for example, water, mercury, etc.). with the help of channel 5, the required pressure is maintained inside the housing 1. The liquid supplied through the windows 6 enters the inlet of the fan 7 and is sucked into the internal cavity of the rotor 3. Then, the liquid enters the channels 8 through which it moves in the direction of the nozzles 9, through which it enters into the inner cavity of the housing 1. The liquid flows down the inner walls of the housing 1 and again enters the input of the rotor 3.

Since the peripheral part of the channel is first curved in the horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor 3, and then curved in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor 3, then due to the high-pressure head of the oncoming liquid flow and with the help of a hydraulic lock in a back pressure is created in the peripheral part of the rotor channels, which prevents the fluid from passing from the axis of rotation of the rotor 3. Thus, in the peripheral part of the rotor channels there is always a certain amount of liquid working fluid that rotates around the circumference with the rotor 3. A fluid moving along the channels 8 from the rotation axis the rotor 3, when it is rotated, exerts constant pressure on the liquid locking the peripheral part of the channels 8. The liquid locked inside the peripheral part of the channels 8 is displaced by the liquid, lean along the channels 8 from the axis of rotation of the rotor 3. In this case, the displaced liquid, when moving along the peripheral part of the channel 8 to the place of its bend in the horizontal plane, exerts pressure on the walls of the channel 8, preventing the rotation of the rotor 3. In turn, the walls of the channel 8 of the rotor 3 act on the fluid moving in the locked region of the channel 8, accelerating it. As a result of the acceleration of the liquid working fluid, a force appears, directed along the axis of rotation of the rotor 3 in the direction opposite to the direction of curvature of the fluid flow channel. This force reduces the weight of the rotor 3 and the weight of the entire mover as a whole. As the rotational speed of the rotor 3 increases and this force exceeds the force of the weight of the entire mover, the mover begins to move up along the axis of rotation of the rotor 3. When the rotational speed of the rotor 3 decreases, the lifting (driving) force decreases, and the mover begins to move down.

The mover discussed above can be equipped with a rotor 3 having a bend in the peripheral part of the channels 8 in the horizontal plane only in the direction of rotation of the rotor 3 (see Fig. 6). The operation of this version of the propulsion device is similar to the operation of the propulsion system considered above. The only difference is that the back pressure that prevents the movement of the fluid moving along the channels 8 from the axis of rotation of the rotor 3 in the peripheral part of the channels 8 is created only due to the high-speed pressure. The mover described above can be equipped with a rotor 3, in the nozzles of the radial channels 8 of which there are valves that hold a certain amount of liquid inside the channels during the rotation of the rotor 3.

The movers discussed above can be equipped with a rotor 3 having radial channels divided into sections, each of which has its own radius of curvature and each of these sections ends with a bend in the horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor 3 to lock each of these channel sections. The operation of the propulsion variant under consideration differs from the operation of the propulsion engines discussed above in that a lifting (driving) force is created on each of these channel sections. As a result, the propulsion efficiency with such channels will be higher.

The above movers can be equipped with a heat exchanger 11 (see Fig. 7) located at the fluid inlet to the inner cavity of the rotor 3, and the housing of the mover 1 has channels for supplying the heat carrier to the heat exchanger 12 and removing the heat carrier from it 13. The rotor of the mover in question is in the upper part of the radial channels 8, has openings 14 for supplying air to their internal cavity (see Fig. 8). The channels 8 end, on their peripheral part, with nozzles 9, from which the working fluid flows out during rotation of the rotor 3. The peripheral part of the channel is first curved in the horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor 3, then curved in the direction of the rotation axis, then it has a bend of the direction opposite to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the output nozzles 9 of the channels 8 are directed toward the inner perimeter of the propulsion housing in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor. On the inner perimeter of the housing of the mover, in the area of fluid exit from the nozzles of the channels 8, teeth 15 are made. This option propulsion works as follows.

After the start of the engine 10, the rotor 3 begins to rotate. In the internal cavity of the housing of the propulsor 1 through the channel 4 is supplied with a working fluid. A heat carrier is introduced into the heat exchanger 11 through the channel 12, which is discharged from the heat exchanger 11 through the channel 13. The working fluid sucked by the fan 7 into the internal cavity of the rotor 3 passes through the heat exchanger 11 and is heated. From the inner cavity of the rotor 3, the working fluid enters the radial channels 8, where it is mixed with the air entering the radial channels. The air, heating, expands, increasing the pressure in the radial channels 8. Provided that the pressure in the radial channels 8 after the expansion of the air caused by its heating is lower than the pressure of the liquid and air at the inlet to the channels, the flow of liquid and air will move along the radial channels 8 in the direction of exit from them, while exerting increased pressure on the fluid, locking the peripheral parts of the radial channels. A jet of liquid and air coming out of the nozzles 9 of the radial channels 8 acts on the teeth 15 of the housing of the propulsor 1, increasing the rotational speed of the rotor 3. After increasing the rotational speed of the rotor 3 to a value at which a stable rotation of the rotor 3 is provided due to the energy of expansion of air in the channels 8, the engine 10 is turned off. Further rotation of the rotor 3 is carried out by converting the heat energy of the working fluid into the kinetic energy of air expansion in the channels 8, and the change in the frequency of its rotation is provided by changing the temperature and pressure of the supplied air and changing the temperature of the working fluid. It is also possible to use distribution devices that regulate the flow of working fluid into the radial channels of the rotor 3.

The movers discussed above can be made in versions (see Fig. 9) with a horizontal arrangement of the rotor 3. At the same time, in the lower part of the housing of the mover 1 there is a crankcase 16, where the spent working fluid. From the crankcase 16, the working fluid is sucked in by the fan 7 through the channel 17.

The operation of the mover with a horizontal arrangement of the rotor 3 occurs similarly to the above movers. The driving force is directed along the axis of rotation of the rotor 3.

The above movers can be equipped with a rotor 3 having additional radial channels 18 (see Fig. 10), having a bend in the planes that belong to the axis of rotation of the rotor 3, in the direction opposite to the direction of the bend of the channels 8. The considered version of the mover is equipped with a distribution valve 19, located inside the rotor 3, which redistributes the fluid coming from the fan 7, along the radial channels 8 and 18.

The operation of this version of the propulsion device differs from those discussed above in that this propulsion device is able to move along the axis of rotation of the rotor in one direction or another, depending on which radial channels 8 and 18 are involved.

The proposed vehicle consists (see Fig. 11) of a hull 20 made in the form of a disk, in the upper part of which a crew cabin 21 is installed, in the lower part of the hull 20 a power plant 22 and supports 23 are installed. In the central part of the vehicle, the main lifting mover 24. Along the perimeter of the vehicle installed additional lifting movers 25. Also, the vehicle is equipped with movers with a horizontal location of the rotor 26.

The proposed vehicle operates as follows.

After the start of operation of the main 24 and additional 25 lifting movers, the weight of the vehicle is reduced due to the lifting force created by the movers 24 and 25. When exceeding the magnitude of the lifting force value of the weight of the vehicle, it comes off the surface on which it was installed and begins to move up. Movers 25 located along the perimeter of the vehicle are used during the flight to control the vehicle in roll and pitch. Moving the vehicle in the horizontal plane and controlling the course is carried out using propulsors with a horizontal rotor. This vehicle is capable of hovering motionless and moving to either side. It can move under water, in the air and in airless spaces.

The proposed vehicle can be made in the form of a cigar, in the form of an airplane, etc. In this case, horizontally positioned movers create lift and provide control of the vehicle in roll and pitch, and vertically located movers create a motive force directed along the axis of the mover and provide driving a vehicle on the course.

Claims

Formula

1. A method of creating a lifting (driving) force of an aircraft by rotating the body around its own axis using an engine, characterized in that the lifting (moving) force is created by accelerating the fluid in radially located channels of the body, which curvate the trajectory of the fluid in the planes to which the axis of rotation of the body, in the direction opposite to the direction of the generated lifting (driving) force, while counteracting the movement of the liquid working fluid due to the velocity head of the oncoming a liquid stream using water seal or by setting the valves in the nozzles of radial channels.

2. The method of spatial maneuvering of orbital spacecraft, characterized in that the change in the spatial position of the orbital aircraft occurs without changing its mass, due to a decrease (increase) in the weight of its constituent parts, or a decrease (increase) in the weight of the entire aircraft, when the propulsion devices are turned on, creating a lifting (driving) force due to the acceleration of the fluid in the radially located channels of the body, curving the trajectory of the fluid in the planes to which they belong body axis of rotation in a direction opposite to the direction of lift generated (driving) force.

3. The mover, comprising a housing, inside which a rotor is mounted, driven by an engine, characterized in that the housing has hydraulic and air channels, a fan is installed in the inner cavity of a vertically arranged hollow rotor, windows and radial channels for the passage of liquid working are made in the rotor body bodies ending in nozzles, and the said radial channels are curved in the planes to which the axis of rotation of the rotor belongs, in the direction opposite to the direction of the generated driving force, and their weekend nozzles are directed in the direction of rotation of the propeller rotor.

4. The mover according to paragraph 3, characterized in that its radial channels consist of sections having different radii of curvature, and the output of each of the channel sections is directed in the direction of rotation of the rotor of the mover.

5. The mover according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the output nozzle of its radial channels are rotated in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor of the mover.

6. The mover according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with a heat exchanger, its rotor in the upper part of the radial channels has openings for supplying air to their internal cavity, the peripheral part of the radial channels is first curved in a horizontal plane in the direction of rotation of the rotor, then it has bending in the opposite direction to the rotor rotation, and the output nozzles of the radial channels are directed towards the teeth made along the inner perimeter of the propulsion housing in the region of the fluid exit from the radial nozzles ny channels.

7. The mover according to claim 3, characterized in that it has two rows of channels, curved in the planes that belong to the axis of rotation of the rotor, in opposite directions, and a switchgear is installed in the inner cavity of the rotor to ensure the distribution of the liquid working fluid between the said channels.

8. The mover according to paragraph 3, characterized in that its rotor is mounted horizontally.

9. A vehicle, including a disk-shaped housing, inside which movers are installed, one of which is located horizontally in the center of the vehicle, part of the movers is horizontal along the perimeter, and part of the movers is vertical.

10. The vehicle, according to paragraph 9, characterized in that its body has the shape of an airplane, and its horizontally mounted propulsors are installed along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and in the wing planes.

11. The vehicle, according to paragraph 9, characterized in that its body is cigar-shaped.