WO2016195049A1 - 植物の保護方法及びネット構造体 - Google Patents
植物の保護方法及びネット構造体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016195049A1 WO2016195049A1 PCT/JP2016/066501 JP2016066501W WO2016195049A1 WO 2016195049 A1 WO2016195049 A1 WO 2016195049A1 JP 2016066501 W JP2016066501 W JP 2016066501W WO 2016195049 A1 WO2016195049 A1 WO 2016195049A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- net
- plant
- attachment
- cylindrical
- protective structure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/30—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus preventing or obstructing access or passage, e.g. by means of barriers, spikes, cords, obstacles or sprinkled water
- A01M29/34—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus preventing or obstructing access or passage, e.g. by means of barriers, spikes, cords, obstacles or sprinkled water specially adapted for insects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for protecting plants from pests and a net structure.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for protecting plants from pests, for example, the technique described in Patent Document 1 is known.
- a plant is protected by covering the surface of a site to be protected with a sheet-like structure impregnated with an insecticide.
- Mitigating the damage caused by pests is very important for those who cultivate plants, and it is required to further protect plants from pests.
- the present invention provides a method for reducing plant pest damage and enabling better plant protection, and a net structure therefor.
- a plant protection method is a plant protection method for protecting a plant from pests, wherein a net made of at least one thermoplastic resin and containing an insecticidal active ingredient has a three-dimensional structure.
- a protective structure is formed by attaching a net to a plant. Since the protective structure has a three-dimensional structure, it is more likely to become an obstacle to pests. In addition, since the protective structure has a three-dimensional structure, the pest that has entered the protective structure has a long residence time in the protective structure. Since the net forming the protective structure contains the insecticidal active ingredient, if the residence time of the pest in the protective structural body is increased, the insect pest is poisoned by the insecticidal active ingredient. As a result, pests cannot pass through the protective structure. Even if it can pass, it will hinder at least one of the harmful behavior and multiplication of the pest. Therefore, the harmful insect damage to the plant can be reduced and better plant protection is possible.
- the three-dimensional structure may be a net fold structure or a twist structure, or a plurality of net knitting structures.
- the protective structure can easily become a barrier for pests, and the residence time of the pests in the protective structure can be made longer.
- the protective structure may have a concavo-convex shape with respect to the surface of the net attachment site in the plant.
- the net is a cylindrical net
- the cylindrical net having a fold-folded structure contracted in a bellows shape in the extending direction of the cylindrical net is arranged around the net attachment site in the plant.
- the protective structure may be formed by winding.
- the protective structure is formed by winding a cylindrical net having a fold structure around a plant, the protective structure also has a fold structure. Therefore, the protective structure is more likely to become a barrier for pests, and the residence time of the pests in the protective structure can be made longer.
- the cylindrical net in the attaching step, after forming a cylindrical net by wrapping the net around the net attachment site in the plant, the cylindrical net is contracted in a bellows shape in the extending direction of the cylindrical net, thereby folding the fold.
- a protective structure having a structure may be formed.
- the protective structure also has a fold-fold structure. Therefore, the protective structure is more likely to become a barrier for pests, and the residence time of the pests in the protective structure can be made longer.
- a net in the attaching step, may be attached on a moving path of a pest that moves toward a protected site to be protected from the pest in the plant.
- a protective structure is arranged on the movement path in order to attach a net on the movement path of the pest. Therefore, since the pests are prevented from reaching the protected site by the protective structure, it is possible to further protect the plant from pest damage.
- the attachment site to which the net is attached may be at least one of a plant stem, stem, pseudostem, branch, petiole and peduncle.
- the net structure according to another aspect of the present invention is a net structure for protecting plants from pests, and is provided with at least one net made of a thermoplastic resin and containing an insecticidal active ingredient.
- the net forms a three-dimensional structure.
- the net structure When such a net structure is attached to a plant, the net structure has a three-dimensional structure and thus is more likely to be a hindrance to pests.
- a pest that has entered the net structure has a long residence time in the net structure. Since the net forming the net structure includes an insecticidal active ingredient, if the residence time of the pest in the net structure is increased, the insect is poisoned by the insecticidal active ingredient. As a result, pests cannot pass through the net structure. Even if it can pass, it will hinder at least one of the harmful behavior and multiplication of the pest. Therefore, it is possible to reduce pest damage to plants.
- the three-dimensional structure may be a net fold structure or a twist structure, or a plurality of net knitting structures. With such a complicated three-dimensional structure, the net structure is more likely to become a barrier for pests, and the residence time of the pests in the net structure can be made longer.
- the net may be a cylindrical net
- the three-dimensional structure may be a fold-fold structure in which the cylindrical net is contracted in a bellows shape with respect to the extending direction of the cylindrical net.
- the net structure since the net structure has a fold-fold structure, the net structure is more likely to become a barrier for pests, and the residence time of the pests in the net structure can be increased.
- the above-mentioned plant protection method or insecticidal active ingredient in the net structure may be at least one selected from the group consisting of a pyrethroid insecticide and an insect growth regulator. Further, the above-described plant protection method or net in the net structure may be made of a thermoplastic resin.
- plants can be further protected from pest damage.
- Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram showing an example of a net used with a protection method of a plant concerning one embodiment.
- 2 is a diagram for explaining the net shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of an example of the area A in FIG. 1, and FIG. Another example of the area A is shown in an enlarged manner.
- Drawing 3 is a mimetic diagram for explaining the attachment part of the net in a plant.
- Drawing 4 is a mimetic diagram showing the attachment state of the net attached to the plant in an example of the attachment process which the protection method of a plant has.
- FIG. 5 is a drawing for explaining an example of a preparation step in the plant protection method.
- FIG. 6 is a drawing showing steps following FIG. 5 of the preparation step in the plant protection method.
- FIG. 1 is a mimetic diagram showing an example of a net used with a protection method of a plant concerning one embodiment.
- FIG. 2A is an enlarged view of an example of the area A in FIG. 1, and FIG
- FIG. 7 is a drawing for explaining an example of an attachment process of the plant protection method
- FIG. 7A shows a process of attaching the net structure formed in FIG. 6 to the plant.
- FIG. 7B shows a case where FIG. 7A is viewed from above in FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing an attachment state of a net attached to a plant in another example of the attachment process included in the plant protection method.
- FIG. 9 is a drawing for explaining an example of an attaching process for attaching a net to a plant.
- FIG. 10 is a drawing for explaining a process following FIG. 9 in an example of an attaching process for attaching a net to a plant.
- FIG. 11 is a drawing showing still another example of the attachment process included in the plant protection method.
- FIG. 12 is a drawing showing still another example of the attachment process included in the plant protection method.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a net structure including a plurality of nets.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a test apparatus used in Test Example 1.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a method for attaching a net in Test Example 1.
- FIG. 15A shows a method for attaching a net 1 in Test Example 1, and FIG. The attachment method 2 of the net is shown, and (c) shows the attachment method 3 in Test Example 1.
- FIG. 16 is a drawing for explaining a test method in Test Example 2.
- FIG. 17 is a drawing for explaining a test method in Test Example 3.
- a plant is protected from pests by three-dimensionally attaching a thermoplastic resin net containing an insecticidal active ingredient to the plant.
- the net 10 used for plant protection will be described with reference to FIG.
- the net 10 has a strip shape.
- “Strip shape” means an elongated planar shape having a certain width.
- the width of the belt-like net 10 can be appropriately changed depending on the portion to be wound, but is usually in the range of 1 cm to 2 m, preferably 2 cm to 1 m.
- the length may be any length necessary for winding, and is usually in the range of 10 cm to 30 m, preferably 20 cm to 20 m, more preferably 30 cm to 10 m.
- FIG. 2A shows an example of an enlarged structure of the area A in FIG.
- FIG. 2A shows an example of a net 10 having a knitted structure in which the yarn 12 is knitted so as to form a large number of meshes 11.
- FIG. 2B shows another example of an enlarged structure of the area A in FIG.
- FIG. 2B shows an example of a woven net 10 formed by weaving the yarn 12 so as to form a large number of meshes 11.
- one yarn 12 is hatched to distinguish one yarn 12 from the other yarn 12 from the viewpoint of explaining a knitted structure or a woven structure.
- the shape of the mesh 11 is preferably a polygon, and examples of the polygon include a quadrangle, a hexagon, and an octagon.
- the shape of the plurality of meshes 11 included in the net 10 may be the same, or the shape of the meshes 11 may be different.
- the shape of the meshes 11 is preferably a quadrangle or a hexagon.
- the size (hole size) of the mesh 11 is usually in the range of 0.1 to 50 mm, preferably 0.2 to 20 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 10 mm.
- the shape of the mesh 11 is a quadrangle
- the size of the mesh 11 is expressed by the distances a and b.
- the Examples of rectangles include rectangles, squares, and parallelograms. Of the angles formed by the two sides of the parallelogram, the smaller angle is usually in the range of 60 to 90 degrees.
- the shape of the mesh 11 is a square
- the size of the mesh 11 is represented by the length of one side of the square.
- the shape of the mesh 11 is a hexagon or an octagon
- the size of the mesh is represented by the length of the diagonal line.
- the yarn 12 is a synthetic fiber made of a thermoplastic resin containing an insecticidal active ingredient.
- the thickness of the yarn 12 needs to be a thickness that can maintain the strength as the net 10, and is usually in the range of 10 to 1000 denier, preferably 50 to 500 denier, and more preferably 50 to 300 denier.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyolefin resin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polycarbonate, polyester, polyamide, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, and polyvinyl chloride. .
- a polyolefin resin is preferable.
- a polyolefin-type resin the following compound is preferable.
- ⁇ -olefin homopolymer polyethylene, polypropylene and the like.
- Ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymer ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene-1 copolymer, ethylene-4-methyl-1-pentene copolymer, ethylene-hexene-1 copolymer, etc. .
- Copolymers of an organic carboxylic acid derivative having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and ethylene ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate -Methyl methacrylate copolymer and the like.
- Insecticidal active ingredients include pyrethroid insecticides and insect growth regulators.
- pyrethroid insecticides include acrinathrin, allethrin, d-arethrin, dd-alleslin, bifenthrin, cycloprotorin, cyfluthrin, and betafluthrin.
- insect growth regulators include juvenile hormone active compounds and chitin synthesis inhibitors.
- juvenile hormone active compounds include pyriproxyfen, hydroprene, methoprene, and phenoxycarb.
- chitin synthesis inhibitors include etoxazole, bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flucyclon (Flufenoxuron), hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.
- the content of the insecticidal active ingredient is usually 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin net.
- the compounding ratio of the pyrethroid insecticide to the insect growth regulator is usually 1: 10000 to 1000: 1 by weight, preferably 1: 1000. It is in the range of ⁇ 100: 1, more preferably in the range of 1:20 to 20: 1, even more preferably in the range of 1:10 to 10: 1, most preferably in the range of 1: 5 to 5: 1.
- Examples of the combination of the pyrethroid insecticide and the insect growth regulator include the following combinations. ⁇ Permethrin and pyriproxyfen ⁇ esfenvalerate and pyriproxyfen ⁇ Deltamethrin and pyriproxyfen ⁇ Alphacypermethrin and pyriproxyfen ⁇ Bifentrin and pyriproxyfen ⁇ Etophenprox and pyriproxyfen ⁇ Permethrin and methoprene ⁇ esfenvalerate And methoprene, deltamethrin, methoprene alpha-cypermethrin, methoprene bifenthrin, methoprene etofenprox and methoprene
- a combination of permethrin or esfenvalerate and pyriproxyfen is preferable.
- examples of the mixing ratio of permethrin or esfenvalerate and pyriproxyfen include 1: 1 and 2: 1 by weight.
- thermoplastic resin yarn The thermoplastic resin yarn is obtained by melt-kneading a thermoplastic resin and then melt spinning.
- the melt-kneading can be performed using equipment such as an extruder, a roll molding machine, and a kneader.
- a net 10 made of a thermoplastic resin containing an insecticidal active ingredient is obtained by melt-kneading a mixture obtained by mixing a thermoplastic resin and an insecticidal active ingredient in the method for producing a thermoplastic resin yarn, or a thermoplastic resin It can be obtained by feeding the insecticidal active ingredient separately to an apparatus such as an extruder and melt-kneading. Moreover, when melt-kneading with an extruder, you may add an insecticidal active ingredient from the middle of an extruder using raw material addition apparatuses, such as a side extruder or a feeder.
- a commercially available net can be used as the net 10 made of a thermoplastic resin containing an insecticidal active ingredient.
- examples of such nets include, for example, Interceptor (registered trademark) of BASF® SE (polyester net containing alpha-cypermethrin), DuraNet (registered trademark) of Clarke Moquito® Control® Product Inc. (polyethylene net containing alpha-cypermethrin) , Dawa (Plus (registered trademark) from Tanna Netting Co.
- the net 10 may contain other components such as a light stabilizer and an additive such as a colorant and a synergist in addition to the insecticidal active ingredient.
- the light-resistant stabilizer examples include benzophenone-based UV absorbers, benzotriazole-based UV absorbers, triazine-based UV absorbers, benzoate-based light stabilizers, and hindered amine-based light stabilizers.
- benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers, benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers, and benzoate light stabilizers are preferred.
- the content of the light stabilizer is usually 0.05 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin net.
- Colorants include inorganic pigments, organic pigments and dyes.
- inorganic pigments include oxides, composite metal oxides, hydroxides, chromates, sulfates, carbonates, silicates, ferrocyanides, phosphates, carbon, metal powders, bronze powders, zinc dust, There are pearl pigments.
- organic pigment include dye lake, quinoline yellow lake, azo, phthalocyanine, condensed polycyclic, nitro, nitrone, daylight fluorescence, and other azines.
- the dye include azo, anthraquinone, quinoline, perylene, perinone, methine, thioindigo, heterocyclic, basic dye, and acid dye.
- the content of the colorant is usually 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2.0% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin net.
- synergist As a synergist, the following are mentioned, for example. ⁇ - [2- (2-butoxyethoxy) ethoxy] -4,5-methylenedioxy-2-propyltoluene [piperonylbutoxide (PBO)] N- (2-ethylhexyl) -1-isopropyl-4-methylbicyclo (2,2,2) oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide [Sinepirine 500] ⁇ Butyl stearate bis- (2,3,3,3-tetrachloropropyl) ether [S-421] N- (2-ethylhexyl) bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide [MGK264]
- the content of the synergist is usually 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 10% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the thermoplastic resin net.
- the light resistance is the same as when the insecticidal active ingredient is added to the thermoplastic resin yarn.
- a stabilizer or the like may be added to the thermoplastic resin yarn.
- a commercially available net can be used as the net 10 made of a thermoplastic resin containing an insecticidal active ingredient and a synergist.
- Such nets include, for example, Sumitomo Chemical's Olyset® plus (registered trademark) (polyethylene net containing permethrin and PBO) and Vestergaard PermaNet® 3.0 (registered trademark) (polyester containing deltamethrin and polyethylene containing deltamethrin and PBO) Net).
- the plant to be protected is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include citrus fruits, bananas, coffee and olives.
- plants to protect Mango, cashew nut, durian, papaya, mangosteen, avocado, acerola, guava, passion fruit, macadamia, lychee, coconut, fig, apple, peach, loquat, cherry, maple, chestnut, ume, udo, cod, grape, rubber, etc.
- Fruit or nuts, Fragrant or oily plants such as pineapple, cacao, pepper, vanilla, nutmeg, oil palm, and palm, and Oak, crape myrtle, willow, fuji, mulberry, cous, zelkova, rose, cypress, cedar, hiba, kayak, larch, zelkova, spruce, todomatsu, bay pine, tsutsuga, fir, hiba, kauri, lawan, lamin, boku, balsa, Timber or ornamental plants such as oak, linden, teak, tobi, Also mentioned.
- the “plant” includes a root region, a trunk region, and the like. It means the whole plant.
- “protecting a plant” means protecting a part to be protected in a plant (hereinafter referred to as “protected part”) from pests. Examples of protected parts include fruiting parts, fruiting parts, sprout parts and leaves.
- FIG. 3A Using the schematic diagram of the plant 20 shown in FIG. 3A and the enlarged view of the region surrounded by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. The attachment part 21 for attaching the will be described.
- FIG. 3B the shoot site is illustrated as the protected site 22.
- the attachment part 21 is a part on the movement path when a pest moves from the ground side or from the leaf toward the protected part 22, for example.
- attachment sites 21 include the stem, stem, branch, petiole, pseudostem and peduncle of the plant 20.
- the false stem means a stem-like part (leaf sheath part) that extends highly to the above-ground part, and occurs in, for example, a banana.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the case where the attachment site 21 is a trunk.
- the net 10 is not limited to the case of attaching the net 10 to one attachment site 21, and the net 10 may be attached to a plurality of attachment sites 21.
- the nets 10 When the nets 10 are attached to a plurality of attachment parts 21, the nets 10 having the same form may be used, or the nets 10 having different forms may be combined.
- the attachment site 21 may be about 0.1 m to 1 m from the ground on the trunk of a citrus (citrus, etc.).
- pests when the plant 20 is protected from pests using the net 10 will be described.
- pests include scale insects (coccoids), ants, thrips and weevils.
- the scale insect is an insect belonging to the superfamily Coccoidea.
- scale insects include the blue beetle, Abgrallaspis cyanophylli, red beetle (Aonidiella aurantii), red beetle (Aonidiella inornata), male beetle (Aonidiellastructorientalis), Chrysomphalus aonidum), Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Diaspis bois duvalii, and Hemiberlesia lataniae.
- scale insects include the marine scales such as the black scale scales (Ischnaspis longirostris), the scale insect scales (Pinnaspis buxi), the red scale scale (Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli), the Pseudaulacaspis papayae Scale insects of the scale insect family of the scale insect family, such as the scale insect (Coccus hesperidum), the green scale insect (Coccus viridis), the stink bug (Eucalymnatus tessellatus), and the saensetia coffeae Egyptian scale insects (Icerya aegyptiaca), etc.
- the scale insect such as the black scale scales (Ischnaspis longirostris)
- the scale insect scales Pannaspis buxi
- the red scale scale Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli
- Steatococcus samaraius pineapple mealybug (Dysmicoccus brevipes), banana mealybug (Dysmicoccus neobrevipes), Fusujikonaikairamushi (Ferrisia virgata), Nipaecoccus nipae, citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri), planococcus citri , And scale insects of the family Aphididae such as beetle scale insects (Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi), Pseudococcus orchidicola and the like.
- scale insects include FloridaFRed Scale (Chrysomphalus aonidum), Lecanium Scale (Parthenolecanium corni), San Jose Scale (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus), Black Scale (Saissetia oleae), Walnut ScaleE
- Ants are insects belonging to the ant family (Formicidae).
- Examples of ants include the blue ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes), Brachymyrmex obscurior, Australian giant ants (Camponotus consobrinus), Camponotus pennsylvanicus, Camponotus variegatus, Nylanderia vaga, Nylanderia phoyla (Plagiolepis alluaudi), ants of the genus Solenopsis, and the like.
- Ants of Dorylomorphs such as Ecitoninae, Cerapachyinae, Ants of harriers (Poneroids), such as the subfamily Sariharari (Paraponerinae) and Harariari (Ponerinae), Ants of Myrmeciomorphs, Argentine ants (Linepithema), Ruriari (Ochetellus), Technomyrmex strenuus and other ants (Dolichoderomorphs), Cherry ants (Paratrechina sakurae), black ants (Camponotus japonicus), black ants (Formica japonica), Anoplolepis longipes, Paratrechina longicornis, Plagiolepis alluaudi, etc.
- Dorylomorphs such as Ecitoninae, Cerapachyinae, Ants of harriers (Poneroids), such as the subfamily Sariharari (Paraponerinae) and Harariari (Ponerinae),
- Genus (Attini), genus (Pristomyrmex), Himeari (Monomorium intrudens), ants of the subfamily of Myrmicinae such as Pheidole megacephala, etc., Is mentioned.
- Thrips is an insect belonging to the order of Thrips.
- Chaetanaphothrips signipennis, Chaetanaphothrips clarus, Orchid thrips, Chaetanaphothrips orchidii, Hercinothrips bicinctus, Hercinothirps femoralis, Thrips florum, Thrips hawaiis, Thrips hawaiien Examples include Thrips tabaci, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Thrips palmi.
- the weevil is an insect belonging to the Curculionoidea family, Cosmopolites sordidus, Odoiporus longicollis, Polytus mellerborgi, Curtis weevil (Pissodes obs) Pissodes nitidus), pine horned weevil (Shirahoshizo insidiosus), cousana weevil (Dyscerus hylobioides), willow weevil (Cryptorhynchus lapathi), weevil (Sipalinus gigas) and the like.
- Pests include not only insects but also mites and spiders.
- Diptera Cocktail (Blattaria), Earworm (Dermaptera), Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Authentic spider Examples include Araneida, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Acarina, Chiropoda, and Diplopoda.
- pests include the Scolytidae family, the Blastophagus piniperda, the Blastophagus minor, the Cryphalus fulvus, the Ip onicus ja Caterpillar (Ips typographus subelongatus), Japanese caterpillar (Scolytus japonicus Chapuis), Japanese beetle beetle (Xyleborus validus), Hanno kokushimushi (Xylosandrus germanus) You may include bark beetle (Lyctus linearis).
- pests are the beetles of Cerambycidae, Anoplophoraasiamalasiaca, Batoceraollineolata, Apriona japonica, Mdercus rrradho, Blue beetle (Schwarzerium quadricolle), Itaya beetle (Mecynippus pubicornis), Yellow beetle (Phytoecia rufiusris hoplarus), Psacothea hilaris hilarius, , White-eye Beetle (Batocera lineolata), White-horned Beetle (Cagosima sanguinolenta), Eupromus ruber, Megopis sinica, Semanotus japonicus, The Asian ongLong Includes eetle (Anoplophora glabripennis), apple beetle (Oberea japonica), saw beetle (Prionus insularis insularis), bamboo bee
- pests may further include the Buprestidae, Ovalisia vivata, and Buprestis haemorrhoidalis.
- Examples of the pests may further include the Cicadidae, which are the Tibicenini, the Abrazemi, the Platypleurini, and the Magicicada sp.
- This plant protection method includes an attaching step of attaching the net 10 to the plant 20 so that the net 10 has a three-dimensional shape.
- attaching the net 10 there are various ways of attaching the net 10 in this attachment process.
- a three-dimensional structure formed by winding the net 10 around the plant 20 is referred to as a protective structure. Since the protective structure has a three-dimensional structure configured using a net, it is also a net structure.
- the net 10 is three-dimensionally attached to the plant 20, specifically, the attachment site 21 so as to form the protective structure 30 ⁇ / b> A shown in FIG. 4.
- the net 10 only needs to be attached to a part of an attachment site 21 (for example, a trunk). Since the attachment part 21 is usually a rod extending in one direction, in FIG. 4, the attachment part 21 of the net 10 in the plant 20 is schematically (or modeled) indicated by a stick. Therefore, although the attachment site
- a preparation step of preparing a net structure for attachment is performed before the net 10 is attached to the attachment site 21, before the net 10 is attached to the attachment site 21, a preparation step of preparing a net structure for attachment is performed.
- this preparation step as shown in FIG. 5, the opposite sides of the band-like net 10 (long sides in FIG. 5) are joined to form the cylindrical net 10A, and the string S is attached to the cylindrical net 10A. Pass through.
- the joining of the opposite sides of the net 10 is not particularly limited as long as they can be joined. For example, they may be joined by sewing them together, or may be joined by folding one into the other, using an adhesive tape, a stapler, etc. May be joined together, heated and pressure-bonded, or hooks or hook-and-loop fasteners may be attached to the net 10 in advance and joined using them.
- the cylindrical net 10A is compressed in a bellows shape in the extending direction of the cylindrical net 10A (the direction in which the string S is passed), as shown in FIG.
- a net structure 10B having a fold-fold structure in which mountain folds and valley folds are repeated is formed.
- the net structure 10B is wrapped around the attachment site 21 at least once, so that the net structure 10B is planted 20, specifically, Attach to the attachment site 21.
- a three-dimensional protective structure 30A having an uneven shape with respect to the surface of the attachment portion 21 is formed as shown in FIG. FIG. 4 schematically shows a state where the net structure 10B is wound around the attachment portion 21 about three times.
- the net structure 10B can be fixed to the plant 20 by tying the string S, for example.
- the net structure 10B When the net structure 10B is wound around the attachment portion 21 twice or more times, the net structure 10B is wound over the wound net structure 10B (at substantially the same position) or overlapped with a part of the net structure 10B. It may be wound spirally while shifting the position.
- the net 10 is in contact with the plant 20 at a plurality of locations by winding the net 10, specifically, the net structure 10 ⁇ / b> B formed of a three-dimensional structure with the net 10 around the plant 20.
- the protective structure 30A is formed by winding the net structure 10B having a fold structure around the plant 20, the protective structure 30A also has the fold structure of the net 10.
- FIG. 6 in order to explain the formation method of the net structure 10B, it is illustrated in a simplified manner.
- the net 10 has flexibility, when the cylindrical net 10A is compressed into a fold-fold shape, The net 10 constituting the cylindrical net 10A is intertwined in a complicated manner.
- the net 10 that is in contact with the surface of the attachment portion 21 at a plurality of locations while being intertwined three-dimensionally can be an obstacle to the movement of pests.
- the pest may turn back or search for the moving path so as to avoid the obstacle in the protective structure 30A. is there.
- the protective structure 30A When a pest seeks a movement route in the net structure 10B, the protective structure 30A has a three-dimensional structure, and thus the net 10 is wound around the plant 20 in a plane (for example, the net 10 is attached) The case where the pest travels is longer than the case where the pest 21 is wound once in a plane in a plane, and as a result, the pest dwell time in the protective structure 30A becomes longer. Since the net 10 includes an insecticidal active ingredient, if the insect pest stays in the protective structure 30A for a long time, the insecticide poisons the insecticidal active ingredient. As a result, for example, a pest falls.
- the net 10 is three-dimensionally attached to the plant 20 so as to form the protective structure 30A, the pests hardly pass through the protective structure 30A. . Therefore, the arrival of pests at the protected site 22 can be more reliably reduced. Further, even if the pests can pass through the protective structure 30A, at least one of the harmful action and multiplication of the pests is hindered. Therefore, damage caused by pests on the protected part 22 can be reduced.
- the net structure 10B may be wound twice or more when it is wound around the plant 20.
- the net 10 is more complicatedly entangled, and the protective structure 30A can easily function as an obstacle for pests. Also, even when the pests enter the protective structure 30A, the pests stay in the net structure 10B. This is because time is long and pests are easily poisoned.
- a three-dimensional structure formed by winding the net structure 10B around the attachment portion 21 is referred to as a protective structure 30A, but the protective structure 30A includes the net structure 10B. ing. Therefore, the net structure 10B can similarly have the effects described for the protective structure 30A.
- the string S may be pulled out before attaching the net structure 10B to the attachment part 21.
- the net structure 10B may be fixed to the attachment part 21 by, for example, sewing the overlapping portions after the net structure 10B is wound around the attachment part 21, or the net structure having one end wound around it.
- 10B may be folded and fixed, or may be fixed to the attachment site 21 using an adhesive tape, stapler, or the like, or a hook or hook-and-loop fastener may be attached to the net 10 in advance and used. May be fixed. Further, the string S may not be used in the process of forming the net structure 10B.
- FIG. 1 A second embodiment of the plant protection method using the net 10 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the protective structure 30B is formed by the net 10 as shown in FIG.
- the net 10 is wound around the attachment portion 21 (around the center line of the attachment portion 21) to form the cylindrical net 10C.
- the extending direction of the cylindrical net 10 ⁇ / b> C matches the extending direction of the attachment site 21.
- the method of fixing the net 10 when forming the cylindrical net 10C may be the same as that of the cylindrical net 10A.
- the cylindrical net 10C is contracted in a bellows shape in the extending direction.
- the cylindrical net 10C has a fold-fold structure in which mountain folds and valley ridges are repeated, as shown in FIG.
- the protective structure 30B shown in FIG. 8 is formed by forming the fold-fold structure.
- the net 10 contacts the plant 20 at a plurality of locations.
- the protective structure 30 ⁇ / b> B has a folded structure as the three-dimensional structure of the net 10.
- FIG. 10 in order to explain the method of forming the protective structure 30 ⁇ / b> B, the simplified structure is illustrated.
- the cylindrical net 10 ⁇ / b> C is similar to the case of the cylindrical net 10 ⁇ / b> A. Is compressed into a fold-fold shape, the net 10 constituting the cylindrical net 10C is intertwined in a complicated manner. Therefore, it has the same effect as the case of the first embodiment.
- the protective structure 30B can be a more effective obstacle for pests. Therefore, when the pest reaches the protective structure 30B, it may be turned back.
- the protective structure 30B has a three-dimensional structure, so that the moving distance of the pest becomes longer than the case where the net 10 is wound around the plant 20 in a plane. As a result, the residence time of the pests in the protective structure 30B becomes longer. Since the net 10 includes an insecticidal active ingredient, if the insect pest stays in the protective structure 30B for a long time, the insecticide intoxicates the insecticidal active ingredient. As a result, for example, pests fall.
- the net 10 is three-dimensionally attached to the plant 20 so as to form the protective structure 30B, the pests hardly pass through the protective structure 30B. . Therefore, the arrival of pests at the protected site 22 can be more reliably reduced. Further, even if the pest can pass through the protective structure 30B, at least one of the harmful action and multiplication of the pest is hindered. Therefore, damage caused by pests on the protected part 22 can be reduced.
- the protective structure 30C as shown in FIG. 11 is formed.
- the protective structure 30C is formed by winding the net 10 around the attachment portion 21 at least once while twisting. Therefore, the protective structure 30C has a twisted structure as a three-dimensional structure.
- the wound net 10 may be fixed to the attachment site 21 by tying it with a string, or one end may be folded into the wound net 10 and fixed, or using an adhesive tape, stapler, or the like. It may be fixed, a hook or a hook-and-loop fastener may be attached to the net 10 in advance, and it may be used to fix to the attachment site 21, or the ends of the wound net 10 may be tied together.
- the net 10 When the net 10 is wound around the attachment site 21 more than once, the net 10 is wound over the wound net 10 (at approximately the same position) or spirally while shifting the position so that a part of the net 10 overlaps. May be.
- the net 10 is attached to the attachment site 21 so as to form the protective structure 30C having a twisted structure by winding the net 10 around the plant while twisting. Therefore, the net 10 contacts the surface of the plant 20 at a plurality of locations. Further, the protective structure 30 ⁇ / b> C has an uneven shape with respect to the surface of the attachment site 21.
- the net 10 is three-dimensionally wound around the plant 20 by twisting the net 10, if a pest that has entered the protective structure 30C moves along the net 10, it stays in the protective structure 30C. The time will be longer. As a result, since it is easily poisoned by the insecticidal active ingredient, it is difficult for the pest to pass through the protective structure 30C. Further, even if the pests can pass through the protective structure 30C, at least one of the harmful action and multiplication of the pests is hindered. Therefore, the protected part 22 of the plant 20 can be protected from pests.
- the net 10 is wound twice or more from the viewpoint of further reducing damage caused by pests on the protected part 22.
- the net 10 is entangled in a more complicated manner, and the protective structural body 30C tends to be a barrier against pests.
- 30 C of protection structures have a more complicated three-dimensional structure because the net
- the attachment site 21 When winding around the attachment site 21 while twisting the net 10, the attachment site 21 may be twisted twice or more before making one turn.
- the belt-like net 10 is wound while being twisted when being attached to the plant 20
- a three-dimensional net structure having a twisted structure in which the net 10 is twisted in advance may be prepared.
- the net structure is attached to the attachment portion 21 by winding the net structure around the attachment portion 21 at least once. Since the net structure itself has a twisted structure, the protective structure 30 ⁇ / b> C is formed by winding the net structure around the attachment site 21.
- the example in which the belt-like net 10 shown in FIG. 1 is wound around the plant 20 while being directly twisted is shown.
- the cylindrical net 10A shown in FIG. May be attached to the attachment site 21.
- a protective structure 30D as shown in FIG. 12 is formed.
- the plant protection method includes a preparation step of preparing the net structure 10B having a fold structure shown in FIG. Then, an attachment process is implemented. In the attaching step, the net structure 10B is wound around the plant 20 in a spiral manner by winding the string S passed through the net structure 10B around the attachment portion 21 in a spiral manner. What is necessary is just to fix the wound net structure 10B to the attachment site
- the pests that have entered the protective structure 30D tend to have a longer residence time in the protective structure 30D. Furthermore, since the net 10 is attached to the plant 20 by winding the net structure 10B around the attachment part 21 in a spiral shape, the pest that has moved in the longitudinal direction of the attachment part 21 passes through the net 10 a plurality of times. It will be. As a result, since the chance of touching the insecticidal active ingredient increases, pests are easily poisoned. Therefore, since it is difficult for a pest to reach the protected part 22, the pest damage of the protected part 22 can be reduced.
- the net structure 10B When the net structure 10B is spirally wound around the attachment portion 21, the net structure 10B may be wound while being further twisted. In this case, since the three-dimensional structure of the protective structure 30D becomes more complicated, the pest damage effect can be improved.
- the net structure 10B is spirally wound around the attachment portion 21.
- the cylindrical net 10A itself before being folded may be spirally wound.
- it is preferable that the cylindrical net 10A is wound in a spiral while twisting from the viewpoint of enhancing the pest damage effect.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a net structure 10D in which three nets 10 are knitted in a braid shape.
- the net structure 10D itself has a knitted structure of a plurality of nets 10, and has a three-dimensional structure in which the plurality of nets 10 are intertwined.
- the net structure 10D is wound around the attachment part 21 at least once, and the net structure 10D is attached to the attachment part, thereby having a knitted structure that is a three-dimensional structure. Is formed. Therefore, it has the same effect as the first embodiment.
- the net structure 10D When the net structure 10D is wound around the attachment site more than once, the net structure 10D is wound over the wound net structure 10D (at substantially the same position) or shifted so that a part of the net structure 10D overlaps. However, it may be wound spirally.
- the plant protection method described in the first to fourth embodiments may be performed using the net structure 10D instead of the net 10.
- the net structure 10D may be configured by knitting a plurality of nets 10 having the same mesh (mesh size), or may be configured by knitting a plurality of nets 10 having different meshes.
- the attachment time of the net 10 to the plant 20 may be a time when it is necessary to suppress pest damage in the plant 20. Such a time period may normally be before the pest reaches the protected site 22. For example, if the protected part 22 is a fruiting part, it may be before fruiting or after fruiting. Moreover, it may be before the occurrence of a pest or after the occurrence.
- the protective structure includes at least one net that is a thermoplastic resin net and contains an insecticidal active ingredient in a state where the net is attached to a plant, and the net forms a three-dimensional structure. It can also be a net structure.
- the net 10 containing an insecticidal active ingredient is not limited to the case where an insecticidal active ingredient is contained in the manufacturing process.
- the insecticidal active ingredient may be included by immersing the net in a chemical solution containing the insecticidal active ingredient, spraying or applying the insecticidal active ingredient on the net 10.
- the net 10 is formed into a net structure, the net structure is immersed in a chemical solution containing the insecticidal active ingredient, or the insecticidal active ingredient is sprayed on or applied to the net structure. May be included.
- the net 10 is not limited to being made of thermoplastic resin.
- the yarn material constituting the net 10 may be a natural fiber. Natural fibers include pulp, cellulose, cotton, jute and hemp natural fibers.
- test example about the protection method of the plant using a net is shown.
- the present invention is not limited to Test Examples 1, 2, and 3 described below.
- the net N used in Test Example 1 is a net made of a thermoplastic resin woven in Russell.
- the net N was in the form of a sheet.
- Net N contained permethrin and pyriproxyfen as insecticidal active ingredients.
- the blending ratio of permethrin and pyriproxyfen was 2: 1.
- the net shape of the net N was substantially a regular hexagon.
- the length of the diagonal line of the net N was 4 mm.
- each plastic cup 41, 42 has a width of 2.5 cm ⁇ length of 5 cm ⁇ height.
- Square pillars 43 and 44 made of 20 cm polystyrene foam were set up.
- the distance between the top portions (free ends) 43a and 44a of the prisms 43 and 44 was 30 cm.
- a wooden cylinder 45 having a length of 45 cm and a diameter of 2 cm was passed between the top portions 43 a and 44 a of the prisms 43 and 44.
- the central part of the cylinder 45 was used as a net attachment site 45a.
- the net N was sewn into a cylindrical shape to form a cylindrical net N1 having a width of 3 cm and a length of 15 cm.
- the width of the cylindrical net N1 means the width when the cylindrical net N1 is flattened.
- the tubular net N1 is contracted in the bellows shape in the extending direction of the tubular net N1, and then wound around the attachment portion 45a, as described in the first embodiment.
- a protective structure 30A composed of the net N was formed.
- This attachment method 3 corresponds to the first embodiment.
- the worker ant used for the test was Rugliari (scientific name: Ochetellus glaber, body length 2 mm).
- Table 1 shows the ratio of ants that passed through the net N attached by the attachment methods 1 to 3 in the above test (passage rate).
- Table 2 shows the percentage of ants that fall while passing through the net N attached by the attachment methods 1 to 3 (drop rate).
- the passing rate is a ratio of the total number of ants passing at the time of counting measurement (15 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes) to the total number of ants.
- the drop rate is the ratio of the total number of ants falling to the total number of ants at the measurement timing point of each count. Since the test was performed twice for each of the attachment methods 1 to 3, the total number of ants passed or dropped at each measurement timing was the sum of the two tests, and the total number of ants was 40 (20 Head x 2).
- the attachment method 3 which is the attachment method of the net N described in the plant protection method of the first embodiment, 90% or more of passage can be suppressed, and other attachment methods 1, 2 It can be seen that the passage of ants is extremely suppressed compared to.
- the ant drop rate that is, the ant poisoning rate by the insecticidal active ingredient is improved as compared with the attachment methods 1 and 2.
- Test Example 2 Next, test results in an actual field will be described.
- Test Example 2 the same net N as Test Example 1 was used. The test was conducted at a test farm, and a net N was attached to an apple tree in the test farm.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram for explaining the test method.
- the installation position 51 of the net N was a position about 1 m high from the ground.
- the attachment position 51 is hatched.
- a trap 60 was set on the top of the attached net N.
- a plastic bottle (280 ml) 61 containing an invitation food 62 was used for the trap 60.
- the volume of the invitation food 62 was 50 ml. Openings (1.5 cm ⁇ 4 cm) were formed on both sides of the PET bottle 61.
- the attachment method 4 is the same attachment method as the attachment method 1 except that the size of the net N and the winding amount are different. Specifically, the net N having a width of 20 cm was wound five times around the tree trunk.
- the attachment method 5 is the same attachment method as the attachment method 3 except that the size of the cylindrical net N1 obtained by sewing the net N into a cylindrical shape is different. Specifically, a cylindrical net N1 having a width of 20 cm and a length of 2 m was prepared as the cylindrical net N1. As described in Test Example 1, the width of the cylindrical net N1 means a width when the cylindrical net N1 is flattened.
- the net N was attached to each of the two apple trees 50 by the attachment method 4 described above. Similarly, the net N was attached to each of the two apple trees 50 by the attachment method 5.
- the invitation bait 62 was sprayed from the ground to the position of the trap 60 in advance, and after confirming that the ants were attracted to the trap 60, the test was started. The invitation bait 62 was added appropriately so as not to dry. Further, in Test Example 2, a test was performed in the same manner as when the trap 60 was set on the two apple trees 50 not wrapped with the net N and the net N was wound.
- the worker ants used for the test were Rugliari (scientific name: Ochetellus glaber, body length 2 mm) and Tobiiro Keari (scientific name: Lasius japonicus, body length 5 mm).
- Traps 60 were collected every 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the start of the test.
- the number of luriari and flying squirrels caught in the trap 60 was counted.
- the count results are shown in Table 3.
- the number of ant heads shown in Table 3 is the sum of the results every 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the start of the test.
- the net N is attached to the two trees 50 by the same attachment method. Therefore, the number of heads of each ant shown in Table 3 is the sum of the number of heads of ants captured by the trap 60 of the two trees 50 to which the net N is attached by the attachment method 4, and the net N by each of the attachment methods 5.
- the sum of the number of ants captured by the trap 60 of the two trees 50 attached, and the sum of the number of ants captured by the trap 60 of the two trees 50 not attached with the net N are shown. .
- the number of ants captured by the trap 60 is significantly reduced compared to the case of the attachment method 4.
- the damage of pests can be reduced by attaching the net 10 to the plant by the attachment method 5 and forming a protective structure.
- Test Example 3 Next, the test result in a container planting tree will be described.
- Test Example 3 the same net N as Test Example 1 was used. The test was conducted at a test farm, and a net N was attached to a young planted citrus tree in a vinyl house.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram for explaining the test method.
- the attachment position 71 of the net N was a position about 20 cm high from the ground.
- the attachment position 71 is hatched.
- An adhesive (tangle foot) was applied to the bottom of the attached net N so as to prevent ant escape in the circumferential direction of the trunk.
- a position where the adhesive (tangle foot) is applied is illustrated as an application position 72.
- the attachment method 6 is the same attachment method as the attachment method 1 except that the size of the net N and the winding amount are different. Specifically, a net N having a width of 5 cm was wrapped around the trunk in triplicate.
- the attachment method 7 is the same attachment method as the attachment method 3 except that the size of the cylindrical net N1 obtained by sewing the net N into a cylindrical shape is different. Specifically, a cylindrical net N1 having a width of 5 cm and a length of 30 cm was prepared as the cylindrical net N1. As described in Test Example 1, the width of the cylindrical net N1 means a width when the cylindrical net N1 is flattened.
- the net N was attached to the citrus young tree 70 by the attachment method 6 described above. Similarly, the net N was attached to the citrus young tree 70 by the attachment method 7 described above. 20 worms are released on the trunk between the attachment position 71 of the net N and the application position 72 of the adhesive (tangle foot) for preventing ant escape, and the number of heads that have passed the net N within 30 seconds is counted. did.
- the worker ant used in the test was a red ant (scientific name: Pristomyrmexrmpunctatus, body length 3 mm).
- Table 4 shows the results of counting the number of animals that passed the net N.
- the damage of pests can be reduced by attaching the net 10 to the plant by the attachment method 7 and forming a protective structure.
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Abstract
Description
(i)α-オレフィンの単独重合体:ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等。
(ii)エチレン-α-オレフィン共重合体:エチレン-プロピレン共重合体、エチレン-ブテン-1共重合体、エチレン-4-メチル-1-ペンテン共重合体、エチレン-ヘキセン-1共重合体等。
(iii)エチレン性不飽和結合を有する有機カルボン酸誘導体とエチレンとの共重合体:エチレン-メチルメタクリレート共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン-アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン-酢酸ビニル-メチルメタクリレート共重合体等。
・ペルメトリンとピリプロキシフェン
・エスフェンバレレートとピリプロキシフェン
・デルタメトリンとピリプロキシフェン
・アルファシペルメトリンとピリプロキシフェン
・ビフェントリンとピリプロキシフェン
・エトフェンプロックスとピリプロキシフェン
・ペルメトリンとメトプレン
・エスフェンバレレートとメトプレン
・デルタメトリンとメトプレン
・アルファシペルメトリンとメトプレン
・ビフェントリンとメトプレン
・エトフェンプロックスとメトプレン
有機顔料としては、例えば、染付けレーキ、キノリンイエローレーキ、アゾ系、フタロシアニン系、縮合多環系、ニトロ系、ニトロン系、昼光蛍光、その他アジン系がある。
染料としては、例えば、アゾ系、アンスラキノン系、キノリン系、ペリレン系、ペリノン系、メチン系、チオインジゴ系、複素環系、塩基性染料、酸性染料がある。
・α-[2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)エトキシ]-4,5-メチレンジオキシ-2-プロピルトルエン [ピペロニルブトキサイド(PBO)]
・N-(2-エチルヘキシル)-1-イソプロピル-4-メチルビシクロ(2,2,2)オクト-5-エン-2,3-ジカルボキシイミド [サイネピリン500]
・ステアリン酸ブチル
・ビス-(2,3,3,3-テトラクロロプロピル)エーテル [S-421]
・N-(2-エチルヘキシル)ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプト-5-エン-2,3-ジカルボキシイミド [MGK264]
共力剤の含有量は、前記熱可塑性樹脂製ネット100重量%に対して、通常0.1~20重量%、好ましくは0.2~10重量%の範囲である。
マンゴー、カシューナッツ、ドリアン、パパイヤ、マンゴスチン、アボカド、アセロラ、グアバ、パッションフルーツ、マカダミア、ライチ、ココヤシ、イチジク、リンゴ、モモ、ビワ、サクラ、カエデ、クリ、ウメ、ウド、タラ、ブドウ、ゴムなどのフルーツ又はナッツ類、
パイナップル、カカオ、コショウ、バニラ、ナツメグ、アブラヤシ、オオミヤシなどの香料用又はオイル用植物、及び、
カシ、サルスベリ、ヤナギ、フジ、クワ、クス、ケヤキ、バラ、ヒノキ、スギ、ヒバ、カヤ、カラマツ、ケヤキ、エゾマツ、トドマツ、ベイマツ、ツガ、モミ、ヒバ、カウリ、ラワン、ラミン、ボク、バルサ、ナラ、シナノキ、チーク、トウビなどの材木用又は観賞用植物、
も挙げられる。
ヒラタカタカイガラムシ(Coccus hesperidum)、ミドリカタカイガラムシ(Coccus viridis)、カメノコウカタカイガラムシ(Eucalymnatus tessellatus)、ハンエンカタカイガラムシ(Saissetia coffeae)等のカタカイガラムシ科のカイガラムシ、
エジプトワタフキカイガラムシ(Icerya aegyptiaca)等のワタフキカイガラムシ科のカイガラムシ、及び、
Steatococcus samaraius、パイナップルコナカイガラムシ(Dysmicoccus brevipes)、バナナコナカイガラムシ(Dysmicoccus neobrevipes)、フタスジコナカイガラムシ(Ferrisia virgata)、Nipaecoccus nipae、ミカンコナカイガラムシ(Planococcus citri)、Planococcus minor、バナナオナガコナカイガラムシ(Pseudococcus elisae)、ビーズレイコナカイガラムシ(Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi)、Pseudococcus orchidicola等のコナカイガラムシ科のカイガラムシ
が挙げられる。
グンタイアリ亜科(Ecitoninae)、クビレハリアリ亜科(Cerapachyinae)等のサスライアリ類(Dorylomorphs)のアリ、
サシハリアリ亜科(Paraponerinae)及びハリアリ亜科(Ponerinae)等のハリアリ類(Poneroids)のアリ、
キバハリアリ類(Myrmeciomorphs)、アルゼンチンアリ属(Linepithema)、ルリアリ属(Ochetellus)、Technomyrmex strenuus 等のカタアリ類( Dolichoderomorphs)のアリ、
サクラアリ(Paratrechina sakurae)、トビイロケアリ(Lasius japonicus)、クロオオアリ(Camponotus japonicus)、クロヤマアリ(Formica japonica)、Anoplolepis longipes、 Paratrechina longicornis 、Plagiolepis alluaudi等のヤマアリ亜科 (Formicinae)のアリ、及び、
ハキリアリ属(Attini) 、アミメアリ属(Pristomyrmex)、ヒメアリ(Monomorium intrudens)、Pheidole megacephala等のフタフシアリ亜科(Myrmicinae)のアリ等、
が挙げられる。
Chaetanaphothrips signipennis、Chaetanaphothrips clarus、ランノオビアザミウマ(Chaetanaphothrips orchidii)、Hercinothrips bicinctus、クリバネアザミウマ(Hercinothirps femoralis)、Thrips florum、ハナアザミウマ(Thrips hawaiiensis)、Frankliniella parvula 、Elixothrips brevisetis、チャノキイロアザミウマ(Scirtothrips dorsalis)、ネギアザミウマ(Thrips tabaci)、ミカンキイロアザミウマ(Frankliniella occidentalis)、ミナミキイロアザミウマ(Thrips palmi)等が挙げられる。
図4~図7を利用して植物の保護方法の第1実施形態について説明する。第1実施形態では、図4に示した保護用構造体30Aを形成するように、ネット10を立体的に植物20、具体的には、取付け部位21に取り付ける。ネット10は、図4に示すように、取付け部位21(例えば、幹など)の一部に取り付けられていればよい。取付け部位21は、通常、一方向に延在した棒状であるため、図4では、植物20においてネット10の取付け部位21を模式的に(或いはモデル化して)棒で示している。従って、図面上、取付け部位21は、両端が自由端となっているが、図3に示したように、取付け部位21は、植物20の他の部位に連続的に繋がっている。以下、他の図においても同様である。
図8~図10を利用して、図1に示したネット10を利用した植物の保護方法の第2実施形態について説明する。第2実施形態では、図8に示したような、ネット10によって保護用構造体30Bを形成する。
第3実施形態では、図11に示したような保護用構造体30Cを形成する。第3実施形態の植物の保護方法が有する取付け工程では、取付け部位21に、ネット10を捻りながら少なくとも1回巻き付けることで、保護用構造体30Cを形成する。従って、保護用構造体30Cは、立体構造として捻り構造を有する。巻き付けたネット10は、例えば、紐で縛って取付け部位21に固定されてもよいし、一端を、巻き付けられたネット10に折り込んで固定されてもよいし、粘着テープ、ステープラー等を使用して固定されてもよいし、予めフック又は面ファスナーをネット10に取り付けておき、それを利用して取付け部位21に固定されてもよいし、或いは、巻き付けたネット10の端同士を結んでも良い。
第4実施形態では、図12に示したような保護用構造体30Dを形成する。この場合、第1実施形態と同様に、植物の保護方法は、図6に示した、ひだ折り構造を有するネット構造体10Bを準備する準備工程を有する。その後、取付け工程を実施する。取付け工程では、ネット構造体10Bに通された紐Sを、取付け部位21に螺旋状に巻き付けることで、ネット構造体10Bを植物20に螺旋状に巻き付ける。巻き付けたネット構造体10Bは、例えば、紐Sを利用して取付け部位21に固定すればよい。
第1~第4実施形態では、図1に示したネット10を1枚使用した形態を例示しているが、図13に示したように、複数のネット10を編んで構成される複合ネットとしてのネット構造体10Dを利用してもよい。図13では、3枚のネット10を三つ編み状に編んだネット構造体10Dを例示している。このようなネット構造体10Dでは、ネット構造体10D自体が複数のネット10の編構造を有し、複数のネット10が絡み合った立体構造を有する。
まず、試験例1で使用したネットNについて説明する。ネットNはラッセル織りされた熱可塑性樹脂製のネットである。ネットNはシート状を呈していた。ネットNは、殺虫活性成分として、ペルメトリン(permethrin)及びピリプロキシフェン(pyriproxyfen)を含んでいた。ペルメトリン(permethrin)及びピリプロキシフェン(pyriproxyfen)の配合比として、2:1であった。ネットNの網目形状は、実質的に正六角形であった。ネットNの網目の対角線の長さは4mmであった。
図15の(a)に模式的に示したように、3cm幅(短辺方向の長さ)のネットNを取付け部位45aの周囲に2重に巻き付けた。円柱45の延在方向においてネットNが巻き付けられている部分の長さは約3cmであった。
図15の(b)に模式的に示したように、3cm幅(短辺方向の長さ)のネットNを螺旋状に、互いに重ならないように約9cmに渡り、1重で巻き付けた。円柱45の延在方向においてネットNが巻き付けられている部分の長さは約9cmであった。
ネットNを筒状に縫い合わせて、幅3cm及び長さ15cmの筒状ネットN1を形成した。筒状ネットN1の幅とは筒状ネットN1を平坦につぶしたときの幅を意味する。次いで、筒状ネットN1内に紐を通して、第1の実施形態で説明したように、筒状ネットN1の延在方向に筒状ネットN1を蛇腹状に縮めた後、取付け部位45aに巻き付けることによって、図15の(c)に示すように、ネットNから構成される保護用構造体30Aを形成した。この取付方法3が第1の実施形態に対応する。
次に、実際の圃場での試験結果を説明する。試験例2では、試験例1と同じネットNを使用した。試験は、試験農場で行い、試験農場内のリンゴの樹木にネットNを取り付けた。
(取付方法4)
取付方法4は、ネットNの大きさ及び巻き付け量が異なる点以外は、取付方法1と同様の取り付け方である。具体的には、20cm幅のネットNを樹幹に5重に巻き付けた。
(取付方法5)
取付方法5は、ネットNを筒状に縫い合わせた筒状ネットN1の大きさが異なる点以外は、取付方法3と同様の取り付け方法である。具体的には、筒状ネットN1として、幅20cm及び長さ2mの筒状ネットN1を準備した。筒状ネットN1の幅とは、試験例1で説明したように、筒状ネットN1を平坦につぶしたときの幅を意味する。次いで、筒状ネットN1内に紐を通して、第1の実施形態で説明したように、筒状ネットN1の延在方向に筒状ネットN1を蛇腹状に縮めた後、に巻き付けることによって、取付方法3と同様に、ネットNから構成される保護用構造体30Aを形成した。この取付方法5が第1の実施形態に対応する。
次に、コンテナ植え樹木での試験結果を説明する。試験例3では、試験例1と同じネットNを使用した。試験は、試験農場で行い、ビニルハウス内のコンテナ植えカンキツの幼木にネットNを取り付けた。
(取付方法6)
取付方法6は、ネットNの大きさ及び巻き付け量が異なる点以外は、取付方法1と同様の取り付け方である。具体的には、5cm幅のネットNを樹幹に3重に巻き付けた。
(取付方法7)
取付方法7は、ネットNを筒状に縫い合わせた筒状ネットN1の大きさが異なる点以外は、取付方法3と同様の取り付け方法である。具体的には、筒状ネットN1として、幅5cm及び長さ30cmの筒状ネットN1を準備した。筒状ネットN1の幅とは、試験例1で説明したように、筒状ネットN1を平坦につぶしたときの幅を意味する。次いで、筒状ネットN1内に紐を通して、第1の実施形態で説明したように、筒状ネットN1の延在方向に筒状ネットN1を蛇腹状に縮めた後、取付け位置71に巻き付けることによって、取付方法3と同様に、ネットNから構成される保護用構造体30Aを形成した。この取付方法7が第1の実施形態に対応する。
Claims (14)
- 害虫から植物を保護する植物の保護方法であって、
殺虫活性成分を含む少なくとも一枚のネットを、立体構造を有する保護用構造体を前記ネットが形成するように、植物に取り付ける、取付け工程を有する、
植物の保護方法。 - 前記立体構造は、前記ネットのひだ折り構造若しくは捻り構造又は複数の前記ネットの編構造である、
請求項1に記載の植物の保護方法。 - 前記保護用構造体は、前記植物における前記ネットの取付け部位の表面に対して凹凸形状を有する、
請求項1又は2に記載の植物の保護方法。 - 前記ネットは、筒状ネットであり、
前記取付け工程では、前記筒状ネットの延在方向において蛇腹状に縮めてなるひだ折り構造を有する前記筒状ネットを、前記植物における前記ネットの取付け部位周りに巻き付けることによって前記保護用構造体を形成する、
請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の植物の保護方法。 - 前記取付け工程では、前記植物における前記ネットの取付け部位周りに前記ネットを巻き付けて筒状ネットを形成した後、前記筒状ネットの延在方向において前記筒状ネットを蛇腹状に縮めることによって、ひだ折り構造を有する前記保護用構造体を形成する、
請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載の植物の保護方法。 - 前記殺虫活性成分が、ピレスロイド系殺虫剤及び昆虫成長制御剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、
請求項1~5の何れか一項に記載の植物の保護方法。 - 前記ネットは、熱可塑性樹脂製である、
請求項1~6の何れか一項に記載の植物の保護方法。 - 前記取付け工程では、前記植物において害虫から保護すべき被保護部位に向けて移動する害虫の移動経路上に、前記ネットを取り付ける、
請求項1~7の何れか一項に記載の植物の保護方法。 - 前記ネットを取り付ける取付け部位は、前記植物の幹、茎、偽茎、枝、葉柄及び花軸のうちの少なくとも一つである、
請求項1~8の何れか一項に記載の植物の保護方法。 - 害虫から植物を保護するためのネット構造体であって、
殺虫活性成分を含む、少なくとも一枚のネットを備え、
前記ネットが立体構造を形成している、
ネット構造体。 - 前記立体構造は、前記ネットのひだ折り構造若しくは捻り構造又は複数の前記ネットの編構造である、
請求項10に記載のネット構造体。 - 前記ネットが筒状ネットであり、
前記立体構造は、前記筒状ネットの延在方向に対して前記筒状ネットを蛇腹状に縮めてなるひだ折り構造である、
請求項10又は11に記載のネット構造体。 - 前記殺虫活性成分が、ピレスロイド系殺虫剤及び昆虫成長制御剤からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、
請求項10~12の何れか一項に記載のネット構造体。 - 前記ネットは、熱可塑性樹脂製である、
請求項10~13の何れか一項に記載のネット構造体。
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WO2019139161A1 (ja) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-18 | ダイオ化成株式会社 | 農業用防虫ネット |
CN110651652A (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-01-07 | 陈超 | 一种果园树木防寒装置 |
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ES2895411B2 (es) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-06-21 | Univ Leon | Dispositivo de captura, retencion y control de insectos plaga en especies lenosas |
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CN110651652A (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-01-07 | 陈超 | 一种果园树木防寒装置 |
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