WO2016192248A1 - 充电电路和充电器 - Google Patents

充电电路和充电器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016192248A1
WO2016192248A1 PCT/CN2015/090264 CN2015090264W WO2016192248A1 WO 2016192248 A1 WO2016192248 A1 WO 2016192248A1 CN 2015090264 W CN2015090264 W CN 2015090264W WO 2016192248 A1 WO2016192248 A1 WO 2016192248A1
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Prior art keywords
electronic switch
resistor
charging circuit
alternating current
transformer
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PCT/CN2015/090264
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王坚
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Shenzhen TCL Digital Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen TCL Digital Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery charging technologies, and in particular, to a charging circuit and a charger.
  • Secondary batteries are commonly referred to as rechargeable batteries or batteries.
  • FIG. 1 shows a conventional charging circuit.
  • the AC mains is reduced to a suitable AC voltage by the transformer TR01.
  • the AC voltage is rectified by the diode D01 to become a pulsating DC voltage, and then the current limit of the resistor R01 is the battery BAT01.
  • Charging the charging circuit has a simple structure, is easy to implement, and has low cost.
  • a general charger is used, but the charging circuit generates a polarization voltage during the charging process, and the polarization voltage is reduced on the one hand.
  • Efficiency on the other hand, interferes with the monitoring circuit that charges the battery, causing the battery to end prematurely without being fully charged, which is especially noticeable during high current charging.
  • the charging circuit shown in FIG. 2 is an improvement of the charging circuit shown in FIG. 1.
  • a resistor R03 is connected in parallel across the diode D02, and the working principle is that when the induced voltage of the secondary winding of the transformer TR03 is in the positive half cycle, the voltage is The battery BAT02 is charged by the diode D02 and the resistor R02.
  • the voltage forms a discharge loop through the battery BAT02 and the resistor R03, and the size of the selection resistor R03 can control the discharge current.
  • the discharge current is 5% to 20% of the charging current, which can reduce the generation of the polarization voltage and achieve the purpose of depolarization.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a charging circuit for improving the charging efficiency of a charging circuit while avoiding battery discharge when the charging circuit is not connected to the alternating current.
  • a charging circuit provided by the present invention includes a first alternating current input terminal, a second alternating current input terminal, a transformer, a diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a battery, a first electronic switch, and a second electronic switch;
  • a primary coil of the transformer is connected to the first alternating current input end and a second alternating current input end for accessing alternating current, and a secondary coil end of the transformer is respectively connected with the first end of the first electronic switch and the battery a negative pole is connected, the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the second end of the first electronic switch, and is connected to the positive pole of the battery via the diode, the first resistor; the second electronic switch One end is connected to the third end of the first electronic switch, the second end of the second electronic switch is connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the third end of the second electronic switch is connected via the second resistor
  • the negative electrode of the battery is connected; when the alternating current is connected and the induced voltage of the secondary coil of the transformer is in a negative half cycle, the induced voltage drives the first electronic switch to be turned on to drive the second electronic switch to be turned on.
  • the battery is discharged through the second electronic switch and the second resistor; when no alternating current is connected, the first electronic switch and the second
  • the charging circuit further includes a third resistor, one end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the secondary coil of the transformer, and the other end of the third resistor is opposite to the first electronic switch Connected at one end.
  • the charging circuit further includes a fourth resistor, one end of the fourth resistor is connected to the third end of the first electronic switch, and the other end of the fourth resistor is opposite to the second electronic switch Connected at one end.
  • the first electronic switch is an NMOS transistor
  • a gate of the NMOS transistor is a first end of the first electronic switch
  • a source of the NMOS transistor is a second end of the first electronic switch
  • the drain of the NMOS transistor is the third end of the first electronic switch.
  • the charging circuit further includes a third resistor, one end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the secondary coil of the transformer, and the other end of the third resistor is opposite to the first electronic switch Connected at one end.
  • the charging circuit further includes a fourth resistor, one end of the fourth resistor is connected to the third end of the first electronic switch, and the other end of the fourth resistor is opposite to the second electronic switch Connected at one end.
  • the second electronic switch is a PNP transistor
  • the base of the PNP transistor is the first end of the second electronic switch
  • the emission of the PNP transistor is the second end of the second electronic switch.
  • the collector of the PNP transistor is the third end of the second electronic switch.
  • the charging circuit further includes a third resistor, one end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the secondary coil of the transformer, and the other end of the third resistor is opposite to the first electronic switch Connected at one end.
  • the charging circuit further includes a fourth resistor, one end of the fourth resistor is connected to the third end of the first electronic switch, and the other end of the fourth resistor is opposite to the second electronic switch Connected at one end.
  • the second electronic switch is a PMOS transistor
  • the gate of the PMOS transistor is a first end of the second electronic switch
  • the source of the PMOS transistor is a second end of the second electronic switch.
  • the drain of the PMOS transistor is the third end of the second electronic switch.
  • the charging circuit further includes a third resistor, one end of the third resistor is connected to the second end of the secondary coil of the transformer, and the other end of the third resistor is opposite to the first electronic switch Connected at one end.
  • the charging circuit further includes a fourth resistor, one end of the fourth resistor is connected to the third end of the first electronic switch, and the other end of the fourth resistor is opposite to the second electronic switch Connected at one end.
  • the invention also provides a charger, the charger comprising a charging circuit, the charging circuit comprising a first alternating current input terminal, a second alternating current input terminal, a transformer, a diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a battery, and a first electronic switch And a second electronic switch;
  • a primary coil of the transformer is connected to the first alternating current input end and a second alternating current input end for accessing alternating current, and a secondary coil end of the transformer is respectively connected with the first end of the first electronic switch and the battery a negative pole is connected, the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer is connected to the second end of the first electronic switch, and is connected to the positive pole of the battery via the diode, the first resistor; the second electronic switch One end is connected to the third end of the first electronic switch, the second end of the second electronic switch is connected to the positive pole of the battery, and the third end of the second electronic switch is connected via the second resistor
  • the negative electrode of the battery is connected; when the alternating current is connected and the induced voltage of the secondary coil of the transformer is in a negative half cycle, the induced voltage drives the first electronic switch to be turned on to drive the second electronic switch to be turned on.
  • the battery is discharged through the second electronic switch and the second resistor; when no alternating current is connected, the first electronic switch and the second
  • the induced voltage of the secondary winding of the transformer when the induced voltage of the secondary winding of the transformer is in a negative half cycle, the induced voltage drives the first electronic switch to be turned on to drive the second electronic switch to be turned on, and the battery passes through the first The two electronic switches and the second resistor discharge to avoid the polarization voltage generated by the battery, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the charging circuit; and when the alternating current is not connected, the first electronic switch and the second electronic switch are both turned off, and the battery has no discharging circuit. It does not discharge, and the battery is discharged when the charging circuit is not connected to the alternating current, and the battery is depleted.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of an embodiment of a conventional charging circuit
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit of another embodiment of a conventional charging circuit
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the circuit structure of a preferred embodiment of the charging circuit of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a charging circuit.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit of a preferred embodiment of a charging circuit of the present invention.
  • the charging circuit of the present invention includes a first AC input terminal V1, a second AC input terminal V2, a transformer TR, a diode D1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a battery BAT, and a first electron.
  • the primary coil of the transformer TR is connected to the first alternating current input terminal V1 and the second alternating current input terminal V2 to access alternating current, and the secondary coil end of the transformer TR and the first end of the first electronic switch Q1 are respectively Connected to the negative pole of the battery BAT, the other end of the secondary coil of the transformer TR is connected to the second end of the first electronic switch Q1, and via the diode D1, the first resistor R1 and the battery BAT a positive terminal is connected; a first end of the second electronic switch Q2 is connected to a third end of the first electronic switch Q1, and a second end of the second electronic switch Q2 is connected to a positive end of the battery BAT, The third end of the second electronic switch Q2 is connected to the negative pole of the battery BAT via the second resistor R2; when the alternating current is connected and the induced voltage of the secondary coil of the transformer TR is in a negative half cycle, the sensing The voltage driving the first electronic switch Q1 is turned on to drive the second electronic switch Q2 to be turned on
  • the induced voltage generated in the secondary coil of the transformer TR after the primary coil of the transformer TR is energized is in the transformer.
  • the induced voltage charges the battery BAT through the diode D1 and the first resistor R1, and when the induced voltage of the secondary coil is in the negative half cycle, the induced voltage is output to
  • the first end of the first electronic switch Q1 drives the first electronic switch Q1 to be turned on, such that the first end of the second electronic switch Q2 is at a low level, and the second electronic switch Q2 is turned on, at which time the battery BAT passes the second
  • the electronic switch Q2 and the second resistor R2 are discharged to prevent the battery BAT from generating a polarization voltage, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the charging circuit; and, when the first AC input terminal V1 and the second AC input terminal V2 are not connected to the
  • the first electronic switch Q1 is an NPN transistor
  • the base of the NPN transistor is extremely first end of the first electronic switch Q1
  • the emission of the NPN transistor is extremely second of the first electronic switch Q1
  • the collector of the NPN transistor is the third end of the first electronic switch Q1.
  • FIG. 3 is only an example of the first electronic switch Q1 being an NPN transistor.
  • the first electronic switch Q1 may also be an NMOS transistor, and the gate of the NMOS transistor is the first electronic switch Q1.
  • the first end of the NMOS transistor is the second end of the first electronic switch Q1, and the drain of the NMOS transistor is the third end of the first electronic switch Q1.
  • the second electronic switch Q2 is a PNP transistor
  • the base of the PNP transistor is extremely first end of the second electronic switch Q2
  • the emission of the PNP transistor is extremely second of the second electronic switch Q2
  • the collector of the PNP transistor is the third end of the second electronic switch Q2.
  • FIG. 3 is only a second electronic switch Q2 as a PNP transistor.
  • the second electronic switch Q2 may also be a PMOS transistor, and the gate of the PMOS transistor is the second electronic switch Q2.
  • the first end of the PMOS tube is the second end of the second electronic switch Q2, and the drain of the PMOS tube is the third end of the second electronic switch Q2.
  • the charging circuit further includes a third resistor R3, one end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the second end of the secondary coil of the transformer TR, and the third resistor R3 is further One end is connected to the first end of the first electronic switch Q1.
  • the third resistor R3 is used to limit the voltage signal input to the first end of the first electronic switch Q1 to protect the first electronic switch Q1 from being burned out.
  • the charging circuit further includes a fourth resistor R4, one end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the third end of the first electronic switch Q1, and the fourth resistor R4 is another One end is connected to the first end of the second electronic switch Q2.
  • the fourth resistor R4 is used to limit the voltage signal input to the first end of the second electronic switch Q2 to protect the second electronic switch Q2 from being burned out.
  • the primary coil of the transformer TR When the first AC input terminal V1 and the second AC input terminal V2 are connected to the external power source to connect the AC power, the primary coil of the transformer TR is energized, and at this time, the secondary coil of the transformer TR generates an induced voltage when the induced voltage is in a positive half cycle.
  • the induced voltage When the induced voltage is rectified by the diode D1, it is output to the anode of the battery BAT through the first resistor R1 to charge the battery BAT.
  • the induced voltage generated by the secondary coil of the transformer TR is in a negative half cycle
  • the induced voltage is output to the first end of the first electronic switch Q1 via the third resistor R3, so that the first end of the first electronic switch Q1 (ie, NPN)
  • the base of the transistor or the gate of the NMOS transistor is at a high level, because the second end of the first electronic switch Q1 (ie, the emitter of the NPN transistor or the source of the NMOS transistor) is at a low level, thereby being first
  • the electronic switch Q1 is turned on.
  • the first end of the second electronic switch Q2 (ie, the base of the PNP transistor or the gate of the PMOS tube) is equivalent to being connected to the second end of the first electronic switch Q1 via the fourth resistor R4. Therefore, the first end of the second electronic switch Q2 is also a low level, and the second end of the second electronic switch Q2 (ie, the emitter of the PNP transistor or the source of the PMOS tube) is connected to the positive pole of the battery BAT, the second electron The second end of the switch Q2 is at a high level, so that the second electronic switch Q2 is also turned on.
  • the positive electrode of the battery BAT, the second end of the second electronic switch Q2, the third end of the second electronic switch Q2, the second resistor R2, and the negative electrode of the battery BAT constitute a discharge loop.
  • the battery BAT is discharged through the second electronic switch Q2 and the second resistor R2 to prevent the battery BAT from generating a polarization voltage for the purpose of depolarization.
  • the primary coil of the transformer TR is not energized, and accordingly, the secondary coil of the transformer TR does not generate an induced voltage, and the first electronic switch Q1 is Without the driving voltage, it is in the off state, and the second electronic switch Q2 is also in the off state.
  • the charging circuit has no discharging circuit, and the battery BAT is not discharged because there is no discharging circuit, so that the battery BAT is not consumed.
  • the present invention also provides a charger, which includes a charging circuit.
  • a charger which includes a charging circuit.
  • the circuit structure, working principle and beneficial effects of the charging circuit are not described herein again with reference to the above embodiments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种充电电路和充电器，其中，该充电电路包括第一交流输入端(V1)、第二交流输入端(V2)、变压器(TR)、二极管(D1)、第一电阻(R1)、第二电阻(R2)、电池(BAT)、第一电子开关(Q1)和第二电子开关(Q2)，当第一交流输入端(V1)和第二交流输入端(V2)接入交流电且所述变压器(TR)的次级线圈的感应电压处于负半周期时，所述感应电压驱动第一电子开关(Q1)导通，以驱动第二电子开关(Q2)导通，所述电池(BAT)通过所述第二电子开关(Q2)、第二电阻(R2)放电；当第一交流输入端(V1)和第二交流输入端(V2)没有接入交流电时，所述第一电子开关(Q1)和第二电子开关(Q2)均关断，所述电池(BAT)不放电。能够提高充电电路的充电效率，同时能够避免在充电电路不接通交流电时电池放电。

Description

充电电路和充电器
技术领域
本发明涉及电池充电技术领域，尤其涉及一种充电电路和充电器。
背景技术
大多电子设备和电器具有能够重复充电使用的二次电池，二次电池俗称充电电池或蓄电池。
图1所示为现有的一个充电电路，交流市电通过变压器TR01降低为合适的交流电压，该交流电压通过二极管D01整流后变成脉动的直流电压，再经过电阻R01的限流为电池BAT01充电，该充电电路结构简单，易于实现，成本低，一般的充电器普遍采用，但是该充电电路由于在充电的过程中，电池会产生极化电压，而产生极化电压一方面会降低充电的效率，另一方面会对电池充电的监控电路产生干扰，使得电池在没有充满的情况下提前结束，这种情况在大电流充电时尤其明显。
图2所示的充电电路是对图1所示的充电电路进行改进，在二极管D02两端并联了一个电阻R03，其工作原理是当变压器TR03次级绕组的感应电压处于正半周时，该电压通过二极管D02和电阻R02为电池BAT02充电，当变压器器TR02次级绕组的感应电压处于负半周时，该电压通过电池BAT02和电阻R03形成一个放电回路，选择电阻R03的大小可以控制放电电流的大小，一般取放电电流为充电电流的5%~20%，这样可以减小极化电压的产生，达到去极化的目的。但是，对于图2所示的充电电路，当没有接通交流电时，放电回路是一直存在的，这样会将充满的电池耗尽，对于这种情况不论是独立式充电器或是机上充电器都是很少使用，故图2所示的充电电路的应用受到限制。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种充电电路，旨在提高充电电路的充电效率，同时避免在充电电路不接通交流电时电池放电。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供的充电电路，包括第一交流输入端、第二交流输入端、变压器、二极管、第一电阻、第二电阻、电池、第一电子开关和第二电子开关；
所述变压器的初级线圈连接所述第一交流输入端及第二交流输入端以接入交流电，所述变压器的次级线圈一端分别与所述第一电子开关的第一端和所述电池的负极连接，所述变压器的次级线圈另一端与所述第一电子开关的第二端连接，且经由所述二极管、第一电阻与所述电池的正极连接；所述第二电子开关的第一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第二电子开关的第二端与所述电池的正极连接，所述第二电子开关的第三端经由所述第二电阻与所述电池的负极连接；当接入交流电且所述变压器的次级线圈的感应电压处于负半周期时，所述感应电压驱动第一电子开关导通，以驱动第二电子开关导通，所述电池通过所述第二电子开关、第二电阻放电；当没有接入交流电时，所述第一电子开关和第二电子开关均关断，所述电池不放电。
优选地，所述充电电路还包括第三电阻，所述第三电阻的一端与所述变压器的次级线圈第二端连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第一电子开关的第一端连接。
优选地，所述充电电路还包括第四电阻，所述第四电阻的一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第四电阻的另一端与所述第二电子开关的第一端连接。
优选地，所述第一电子开关为NMOS管，所述NMOS管的栅极为所述第一电子开关的第一端，所述NMOS管的源极为所述第一电子开关的第二端，所述NMOS管的漏极为所述第一电子开关的第三端。
优选地，所述充电电路还包括第三电阻，所述第三电阻的一端与所述变压器的次级线圈第二端连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第一电子开关的第一端连接。
优选地，所述充电电路还包括第四电阻，所述第四电阻的一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第四电阻的另一端与所述第二电子开关的第一端连接。
优选地，所述第二电子开关为PNP三极管，所述PNP三极管的基极为所述第二电子开关的第一端，所述PNP三极管的发射极为所述第二电子开关的第二端，所述PNP三极管的集电极为所述第二电子开关的第三端。
优选地，所述充电电路还包括第三电阻，所述第三电阻的一端与所述变压器的次级线圈第二端连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第一电子开关的第一端连接。
优选地，所述充电电路还包括第四电阻，所述第四电阻的一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第四电阻的另一端与所述第二电子开关的第一端连接。
优选地，所述第二电子开关为PMOS管，所述PMOS管的栅极为所述第二电子开关的第一端，所述PMOS管的源极为所述第二电子开关的第二端，所述PMOS管的漏极为所述第二电子开关的第三端。
优选地，所述充电电路还包括第三电阻，所述第三电阻的一端与所述变压器的次级线圈第二端连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第一电子开关的第一端连接。
优选地，所述充电电路还包括第四电阻，所述第四电阻的一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第四电阻的另一端与所述第二电子开关的第一端连接。
本发明还提供一种充电器，该充电器包括充电电路，该充电电路包括第一交流输入端、第二交流输入端、变压器、二极管、第一电阻、第二电阻、电池、第一电子开关和第二电子开关；
所述变压器的初级线圈连接所述第一交流输入端及第二交流输入端以接入交流电，所述变压器的次级线圈一端分别与所述第一电子开关的第一端和所述电池的负极连接，所述变压器的次级线圈另一端与所述第一电子开关的第二端连接，且经由所述二极管、第一电阻与所述电池的正极连接；所述第二电子开关的第一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第二电子开关的第二端与所述电池的正极连接，所述第二电子开关的第三端经由所述第二电阻与所述电池的负极连接；当接入交流电且所述变压器的次级线圈的感应电压处于负半周期时，所述感应电压驱动第一电子开关导通，以驱动第二电子开关导通，所述电池通过所述第二电子开关、第二电阻放电；当没有接入交流电时，所述第一电子开关和第二电子开关均关断，所述电池不放电。
本发明技术方案通过在接入交流电且变压器次级线圈的感应电压处于负半周期时，该感应电压驱动第一电子开关导通，以驱动第二电子开关导通，此时电池通过所述第二电子开关、第二电阻放电，避免电池产生极化电压，提高了充电电路的充电效率；而且在没有接入交流电时，第一电子开关和第二电子开关均关断，电池没有放电回路而不放电，避免了在充电电路不接通交流电时电池放电而耗尽电池电量。
附图说明
图1为现有充电电路一实施例的电路结构示意图；
图2为现有充电电路另一实施例的电路结构示意图；
图3为本发明充电电路较佳实施例的电路结构示意图。
附图3中标号说明：
第一交流输入端V1 第一交流输入端V2 变压器TR 二极管D1
第一电阻R1 第二电阻R2 第三电阻R3 第四电阻R4
第一电子开关Q1 第二电子开关Q2 电池BAT
本发明的目的、功能特点及优点的实现，将结合实施例，并参照附图作进一步说明。
具体实施方式
应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供一种充电电路。
参照图3，图3为本发明充电电路较佳实施例的电路结构示意图。
本发明较佳实施例中，本发明的充电电路包括第一交流输入端V1、第二交流输入端V2、变压器TR、二极管D1、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、电池BAT、第一电子开关Q1和第二电子开关Q2。
所述变压器TR的初级线圈连接所述第一交流输入端V1及第二交流输入端V2以接入交流电，所述变压器TR的次级线圈一端分别与所述第一电子开关Q1的第一端和所述电池BAT的负极连接，所述变压器TR的次级线圈另一端与所述第一电子开关Q1的第二端连接，且经由所述二极管D1、第一电阻R1与所述电池BAT的正极连接；所述第二电子开关Q2的第一端与所述第一电子开关Q1的第三端连接，所述第二电子开关Q2的第二端与所述电池BAT的正极连接，所述第二电子开关Q2的第三端经由所述第二电阻R2与所述电池BAT的负极连接；当接入交流电且所述变压器TR的次级线圈的感应电压处于负半周期时，所述感应电压驱动第一电子开关Q1导通，以驱动第二电子开关Q2导通，所述电池BAT通过所述第二电子开关Q2、第二电阻R2放电；当没有接入交流电时，所述第一电子开关Q1和第二电子开关Q2均关断，所述电池BAT不放电。
在本实施例中，通过第一交流输入端V1和第二交流输入端V2连接外部交流电源接入交流电时，变压器TR的初级线圈通电后在变压器TR的次级线圈产生的感应电压，在变压器TR的次级线圈的感应电压处于正半周期时，该感应电压通过二极管D1、第一电阻R1给所述电池BAT充电，在次级线圈的感应电压处于负半周期时，该感应电压输出至第一电子开关Q1的第一端驱动第一电子开关Q1导通，使得第二电子开关Q2的第一端为低电平，第二电子开关Q2导通，此时电池BAT通过所述第二电子开关Q2、第二电阻R2放电，避免电池BAT产生极化电压，提高了充电电路的充电效率；而且，在第一交流输入端V1和第二交流输入端V2没有接入交流电时，第一电子开关Q1和第二电子开关Q2均关断，电池BAT没有放电回路而不放电，避免了在充电电路不接通交流电时电池BAT放电而耗尽电池BAT的电量。
具体地，所述第一电子开关Q1为NPN三极管，所述NPN三极管的基极为所述第一电子开关Q1的第一端，所述NPN三极管的发射极为所述第一电子开关Q1的第二端，所述NPN三极管的集电极为所述第一电子开关Q1的第三端。
图3仅仅以第一电子开关Q1为NPN三极管为例，在另一变形实施例中，所述第一电子开关Q1还可以为NMOS管，所述NMOS管的栅极为所述第一电子开关Q1的第一端，所述NMOS管的源极为所述第一电子开关Q1的第二端，所述NMOS管的漏极为所述第一电子开关Q1的第三端。
具体地，所述第二电子开关Q2为PNP三极管，所述PNP三极管的基极为所述第二电子开关Q2的第一端，所述PNP三极管的发射极为所述第二电子开关Q2的第二端，所述PNP三极管的集电极为所述第二电子开关Q2的第三端。
图3仅仅以第二电子开关Q2为PNP三极管为例，在另一变形实施例中，所述第二电子开关Q2还可以为PMOS管，所述PMOS管的栅极为所述第二电子开关Q2的第一端，所述PMOS管的源极为所述第二电子开关Q2的第二端，所述PMOS管的漏极为所述第二电子开关Q2的第三端。
进一步地，如图3所示，所述充电电路还包括第三电阻R3，所述第三电阻R3的一端与所述变压器TR的次级线圈第二端连接，所述第三电阻R3的另一端与所述第一电子开关Q1的第一端连接。第三电阻R3用于对输入到第一电子开关Q1的第一端的电压信号进行限流，以保护第一电子开关Q1不被烧坏。
进一步地，如图3所示，所述充电电路还包括第四电阻R4，所述第四电阻R4的一端与所述第一电子开关Q1的第三端连接，所述第四电阻R4的另一端与所述第二电子开关Q2的第一端连接。第四电阻R4用于对输入到第二电子开关Q2的第一端的电压信号进行限流，以保护第二电子开关Q2不被烧坏。
本发明充电电路的工作原理具体描述如下：
当第一交流输入端V1和第二交流输入端V2接通外部电源接入交流电时，变压器TR的初级线圈通电，此时变压器TR的次级线圈产生感应电压，当该感应电压处于正半周期时，该感应电压经过二极管D1整流后再经过第一电阻R1输出至电池BAT的正极，给电池BAT充电。当变压器TR的次级线圈产生的感应电压处于负半周期时，该感应电压经过第三电阻R3输出至第一电子开关Q1的第一端，使得第一电子开关Q1的第一端（即NPN三极管的基极或NMOS管的栅极）为高电平，由于此时第一电子开关Q1的第二端（即NPN三极管的发射极或NMOS管的源极）为低电平，从而第一电子开关Q1导通，此时第二电子开关Q2的第一端（即PNP三极管的基极或PMOS管的栅极）相当于经由第四电阻R4接到第一电子开关Q1的第二端，从而第二电子开关Q2的第一端也为低电平，而由于第二电子开关Q2的第二端（即PNP三极管的发射极或PMOS管的源极）连接电池BAT的正极，第二电子开关Q2的第二端为高电平，从而第二电子开关Q2也导通。
第二电子开关Q2导通后，电池BAT的正极、第二电子开关Q2的第二端、第二电子开关Q2的第三端、第二电阻R2、电池BAT的负极构成一放电回路，此时电池BAT通过第二电子开关Q2、第二电阻R2放电，避免电池BAT产生极化电压，达到去极化的目的。
当第一交流输入端V1和第二交流输入端V2没有接入交流电时，变压器TR的初级线圈不通电，相应地，变压器TR的次级线圈不产生感应电压，此时第一电子开关Q1因无驱动电压而处于关断状态，进而第二电子开关Q2也处于关断状态，此时，充电电路无放电回路，电池BAT因没有放电回路而不放电，从而电池BAT的电量不会被消耗。
本发明还提供一种充电器，该充电器包括充电电路，该充电电路的电路结构、工作原理以及所带来的有益效果均参照上述实施例在此不再一一赘述。
应当说明的是，本发明的各个实施例的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域的技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当人认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种充电电路，其特征在于，包括第一交流输入端、第二交流输入端、变压器、二极管、第一电阻、第二电阻、电池、第一电子开关和第二电子开关；
    所述变压器的初级线圈连接所述第一交流输入端及第二交流输入端以接入交流电，所述变压器的次级线圈一端分别与所述第一电子开关的第一端和所述电池的负极连接，所述变压器的次级线圈另一端与所述第一电子开关的第二端连接，且经由所述二极管、第一电阻与所述电池的正极连接；所述第二电子开关的第一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第二电子开关的第二端与所述电池的正极连接，所述第二电子开关的第三端经由所述第二电阻与所述电池的负极连接；当接入交流电且所述变压器的次级线圈的感应电压处于负半周期时，所述感应电压驱动第一电子开关导通，以驱动第二电子开关导通，所述电池通过所述第二电子开关、第二电阻放电；当没有接入交流电时，所述第一电子开关和第二电子开关均关断，所述电池不放电。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述第一电子开关为NPN三极管，所述NPN三极管的基极为所述第一电子开关的第一端，所述NPN三极管的发射极为所述第一电子开关的第二端，所述NPN三极管的集电极为所述第一电子开关的第三端。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路还包括第三电阻，所述第三电阻的一端与所述变压器的次级线圈第二端连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第一电子开关的第一端连接。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路还包括第四电阻，所述第四电阻的一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第四电阻的另一端与所述第二电子开关的第一端连接。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述第一电子开关为NMOS管，所述NMOS管的栅极为所述第一电子开关的第一端，所述NMOS管的源极为所述第一电子开关的第二端，所述NMOS管的漏极为所述第一电子开关的第三端。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路还包括第三电阻，所述第三电阻的一端与所述变压器的次级线圈第二端连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第一电子开关的第一端连接。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路还包括第四电阻，所述第四电阻的一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第四电阻的另一端与所述第二电子开关的第一端连接。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述第二电子开关为PNP三极管，所述PNP三极管的基极为所述第二电子开关的第一端，所述PNP三极管的发射极为所述第二电子开关的第二端，所述PNP三极管的集电极为所述第二电子开关的第三端。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路还包括第三电阻，所述第三电阻的一端与所述变压器的次级线圈第二端连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第一电子开关的第一端连接。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路还包括第四电阻，所述第四电阻的一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第四电阻的另一端与所述第二电子开关的第一端连接。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述第二电子开关为PMOS管，所述PMOS管的栅极为所述第二电子开关的第一端，所述PMOS管的源极为所述第二电子开关的第二端，所述PMOS管的漏极为所述第二电子开关的第三端。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路还包括第三电阻，所述第三电阻的一端与所述变压器的次级线圈第二端连接，所述第三电阻的另一端与所述第一电子开关的第一端连接。
  13. 如权利要求11所述的充电电路，其特征在于，所述充电电路还包括第四电阻，所述第四电阻的一端与所述第一电子开关的第三端连接，所述第四电阻的另一端与所述第二电子开关的第一端连接。
  14. 一种充电器，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至13中任意一项所述的充电电路。
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