Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
  • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G7/00—Botany in general
  • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
  • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48

Definitions

• the invention relates to the use of N-cyclopropyl-N-[substituted-benzyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l- methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide or thiocarboxamide derivatives and/or salts thereof for the control of phytopathogenic fungi of coffee, citrus and banana.
• thiocarboxamide derivatives their preparation from commercially available materials and their use as fungicides are disclosed in WO2007/087906, WO2009/016220, WO2010/130767 and EP2251331.
• said compounds may significatively control main phytopathogenic fungi of coffee, citrus and banana, and in particular coffee rust, citrus black spot, citrus scab and banana black sigatoka diseases.
• Coffee rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix is the most devastating disease of coffee plants.
• the symptoms of coffee rust include small, yellowish, oily spots on the upper leaf surface that expand into larger round spots that turn bright orange to red and finally brown with a yellow border.
• the rust pustules are powdery and orange-yellow on the underleaf surface. Later the pustules turn black. Rusted leaves drop so that affected trees are virtually denuded. Such trees usually die within a few years.
• Citrus Black Spot caused by the fungus Guignardia citricarpa is a fungal disease which is responsible to a reduction in both fruit quantity and quality. Symptoms include both fruit and leaf lesions, the latter being critical to inter-tree dispersal.
• Elsinoe fawcettii (and its anamorph Sphacelomafawcettii) is a pathogen that causes scab lesions on citrus fruit, leaves, and twigs.
• E. fawcettii affects many different varieties of citrus. It has a distinctive morphology from other species in its genus and it is economically significant in any wet, tropical or subtropical climates where citrus is grown.
• Black Sigatoka also known as black leaf streak and caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis, is a very damaging and difficult to control disease. It causes significant reductions in leaf area, yield losses of 50% or more, and premature ripening.
• T represents an oxygen or a sulfur atom and X is selected from the list of 2-isopropyl, 2- cyclopropyl, 2-tert-butyl, 5-chloro-2-ethyl, 5-chloro-2-isopropyl, 2-ethyl-5-fluoro, 5-fluoro-2- isopropyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro, 2-cyclopentyl-5-fluoro, 2-fluoro-6-isopropyl, 2-ethyl-5-methyl, 2- isopropyl-5-methyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-methyl, 2-tert-butyl-5 -methyl, 5-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl), 5- methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl), 2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl), 3-chloro-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl) and 2-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl, or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof,
• the invention further relates to a method for treating plants in need of control of coffee rust, citrus black spot, citrus scab or banana black sigatoka disease, comprising applying to said plants or parts of said plants, including leaves and fruits, to seeds from which they grow or to the locus in which they grow, an effective amount for controlling the disease, of a compound according to formula (I)
• T represents an oxygen or a sulfur atom and X is selected from the list of 2-isopropyl, 2- cyclopropyl, 2-tert-butyl, 5-chloro-2-ethyl, 5-chloro-2-isopropyl, 2-ethyl-5-fluoro, 5-fluoro-2- isopropyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-fluoro, 2-cyclopentyl-5-fluoro, 2-fluoro-6-isopropyl, 2-ethyl-5 -methyl, 2- isopropy 1-5 -methyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-methyl, 2-tert-butyl-5-methyl, 5-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl), 5- methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl), 2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl), 3-chloro-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl) and 2- ethyl-4,5-dimethyl, or an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof.
• coffee means any trees or shrubs of the genus Coffea, particularly tropical and especially C. Arabica or C. canephora.
• citrus means any trees or shrubs of the rutaceous genus Citrus, particularly tropical and subtropical. It includes in particular the orange, lemon, lime, grapefruit, citron, calamondin.
• banana means any herbaceous treelike plants of the musaceous genus Musa, particularly tropical and subtropical, and especially M. sapientum.
• coffee rust is caused by a fungus from Hemileia sp., particularly Hemileia vastatrix.
• citrus black spot rust is caused by a fungus from Guignardia sp., particularly Guignardia citricarpa.
• citrus scab is caused by a fungus from Elsinoe sp., particularly Elsinoe fawcettii.
• banana black sigatoka disease is caused by a fungus from Mycosphaerella sp., particularly Mycosphaerellafijiensis.
• More preferred compound of formula (I) is N-(5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro- 1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (compound A5) .
• the present invention accordingly provides for the use of at least one compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof, or of any desired mixtures of compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof with active agrochemical ingredients in accordance with the definition below, and to method using said compound, mixtures or salts, for enhancing the control of coffee rust, citrus black spot, citrus scab or banana black sigatoka disease.
• the present invention further provides a spray solution for treatment of plants, comprising an amount, effective for controlling coffee rust, citrus black spot, citrus scab or banana black sigatoka disease, of at least one compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof.
• At least one compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof is applied by spray application to appropriate plants or plant parts to be treated.
• the use of at least one compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof envisaged in accordance with the invention is effected preferably with a dosage between 0.0005 and 3 kg ha, more preferably between 0.001 and 2 kg ha, especially preferably between 0.001 and 1 kg/ha.
• abscisic acid is used simultaneously with at least one compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof, for example in the context of a joint preparation or formulation, abscisic acid is preferably added in a dosage between 0.001 and 3 kg ha, more preferably between 0.001 and 2 kg ha, especially preferably between 0.001 and 1 kg ha.
• the inventive use and method exhibits the advantages described in spray application to plants and plant parts.
• Combinations of at least one compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof with substances including insecticides, attractants, acaricides, fungicides, nematicides, herbicides, growth regulators, safeners, fertlizers, substances which influence plant maturity, and bactericides can likewise be employed in the control of plant disorders in the context of the present invention.
• the combined use of at least one compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof with genetically modified cultivars with a view to increased the control of coffee rust, citrus black spot, citrus scab or banana black sigatoka disease is likewise possible.
• Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis for example (1.001) aldimorph, (1.002) azaconazole, (1.003) bitertanol, (1.004) bromuconazole, (1.005) cyproconazole, (1.006) diclobutrazole, (1.007) difenoconazole, (1.008) diniconazole, (1.009) diniconazole-M, (1.010) dodemorph, (1.011) dodemorph acetate, (1.012) epoxiconazole, (1.013) etaconazole, (1.014) fenarimol, (1.015) fenbuconazole, (1.016) fenhexamid, (1.017) fenpropidin, (1.018) fenpropimorph, (1.019) fluquinconazole, (1.020) flurprimidol, (1.021) flusilazole, (1.022) flutriafol, (1.023) furconazole,
• Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II for example (2.001) bixafen, (2.002) boscalid, (2.003) carboxin, (2.004) diflumetorim, (2.005) fenfuram, (2.006) fluopyram, (2.007) flutolanil, (2.008) fluxapyroxad, (2.009) furametpyr, (2.010) furmecyclox, (2.011) isopyrazam (mixture of syn- epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.012) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.013) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.014) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.015) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric racemate 1
• Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III for example (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) cyazofamid, (3.005) coumethoxystrobin, (3.006) coumoxystrobin, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) flufenoxystrobin, (3.012) fluoxastrobin, (3.013) kresoxim-methyl, (3.014) metominostrobin, (3.015) orysastrobin, (3.016) picoxystrobin, (3.017) pyraclostrobin, (3.018) pyrametostrobin, (3.019) pyraoxystrobin, (3.020) pyribencarb, (3.021) triclopyricarb, (3.022) trifloxystrobin, (3.023)
• Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division for example (4.001) benomyl, (4.002) carbendazim, (4.003) chlorfenazole, (4.004) diethofencarb, (4.005) ethaboxam, (4.006) fluopicolide, (4.007) fuberidazole, (4.008) pencycuron, (4.009) thiabendazole, (4.010) thiophanate-methyl, (4.011) thiophanate, (4.012) zoxamide, (4.013) 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-l-yl)-6-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidine, (4.014) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-
• Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis for example (7.001) andoprim, (7.002) blasticidin-S, (7.003) cyprodinil, (7.004) kasugamycin, (7.005) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.006) mepanipyrim, (7.007) pyrimethanil, (7.008) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramefhyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline, (7.009) oxytetracycline, (7.010) streptomycin.
• Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis for example (7.001) andoprim, (7.002) blasticidin-S, (7.003) cyprodinil, (7.004) kasugamycin, (7.005) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.006) mepanipyrim, (7.007) pyrimethanil, (7.008) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramefh
• Inhibitors of the ATP production for example (8.001) fentin acetate, (8.002) fentin chloride, (8.003) fentin hydroxide, (8.004) silthiofam.
• Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis for example (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) polyoxins, (9.007) polyoxorim, (9.008) validamycin A, (9.009) valifenalate, (9.010) polyoxin B, (9.011) (2E)-3-(4-tert- butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one, (9.012) (2Z)-3-(4-tert- butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)- 1 -(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en- 1 -one, (9.013) pyrimorph.
• Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis for example (10.001) biphenyl, (10.002) chloroneb, (10.003) dicloran, (10.004) edifenphos, (10.005) etridiazole, (10.006) iodocarb, (10.007) iprobenfos, (10.008) isoprothiolane, (10.009) propamocarb, (10.010) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.011) prothiocarb, (10.012) pyrazophos, (10.013) quintozene, (10.014) tecnazene, (10.015) tolclofos-methyl.
• Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis for example (11.001) carpropamid, (11.002) diclocymet, (11.003) fenoxanil, (11.004) phthalide, (11.005) pyroquilon, (11.006) tricyclazole, (11.007) 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl ⁇ 3-methyl-l-[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl ⁇ carbamate.
• Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis for example (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) bupirimate, (12.004) clozylacon, (12.005) dimethirimol, (12.006) ethirimol,
• Inhibitors of the signal transduction for example (13.001) chlozolinate, (13.002) fenpiclonil, (13.003) fludioxonil, (13.004) iprodione, (13.005) procymidone, (13.006) quinoxyfen, (13.007) vinclozolin, (13.008) proquinazid.
• methasulfocarb (15.029) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.030) metrafenone, (15.031) mildiomycin, (15.032) natamycin, (15.033) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.034) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.035) oxamocarb, (15.036) oxyfenthiin, (15.037) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.038) phenothrin, (15.039) phosphorous acid and its salts, (15.040) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.041) propanosine-sodium, (15.042) pyrrolnitrine, (15.043) tebufloquin, (15.044) tecloftalam, (15.045) tolnifanide, (15.046) triazoxide, (15.047) trichlamide, (15.048) zarilamid, (15.049) l-(4-
• the present invention further provides a spray solution for treatment of plants, comprising an amount, effective for controlling coffee rust, citrus black spot, citrus scab or banana black sigatoka disease, of at least one compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof.
• the spray solution may comprise other customary constituents, such as solvents, formulation aids, especially water. Further constituents may include active agrochemical ingredients described herein.
• the present invention further provides for the use of corresponding spray solutions for increasing the control of coffee rust, citrus black spot, citrus scab or banana black sigatoka disease.
• the remarks which follow apply both to the inventive use of at least one compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salts thereof, per se and to the corresponding spray solutions, and to the method of the invention comprising applying said compound, salt thereof, and corresponding spray solutions .
• the method of treatment according to the invention can be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), e.g. plants or seeds. Genetically modified plants (or transgenic plants) are plants of which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into genome.
• heterologous gene essentially means a gene which is provided or assembled outside the plant and when introduced in the nuclear, chloroplastic or mitochondrial genome gives the transformed plant new or improved agronomic or other properties by expressing a protein or polypeptide of interest or by downregulating or silencing other gene(s) which are present in the plant (using for example, antisense technology, cosuppression technology, RNA interference - RNAi - technology or microRNA - miRNA - technology).
• a heterologous gene that is located in the genome is also called a transgene.
• a transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.
• the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive (“synergistic") effects.
• superadditive for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the active compounds and compositions which can be used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, bigger fruits, larger plant height, greener leaf color, earlier flowering, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, higher sugar concentration within the fruits, better storage stability and/or processability of the harvested products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be expected.
• the active compound combinations according to the invention may also have a strengthening effect in plants. Accordingly, they are also suitable for mobilizing the defense system of the plant against attack by unwanted microorganisms. This may, if appropriate, be one of the reasons of the enhanced activity of the combinations according to the invention, for example against fungi.
• Plant- strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances are to be understood as meaning, in the present context, those substances or combinations of substances which are capable of stimulating the defense system of plants in such a way that, when subsequently inoculated with unwanted microorganisms, the treated plants display a substantial degree of resistance to these microorganisms.
• unwanted microorganisms are to be understood as meaning phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and viruses.
• the substances according to the invention can be employed for protecting plants against attack by the abovementioned pathogens within a certain period of time after the treatment.
• the period of time within which protection is effected generally extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, after the treatment of the plants with the active compounds.
• the compound of the formula (I), or salt thereof, to be used in accordance with the invention can be converted to customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil- based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural compounds impregnated with active ingredient, synthetic substances impregnated with active ingredient, fertilizers, and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
• customary formulations such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil- based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural compounds impregnated with active ingredient, synthetic substances impregnated with active ingredient, fertilizers, and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
• the formulations for spray application are produced in a known manner, for example by mixing the 4- phenylbutyric acid or salts thereof, of the formula (I) with extenders, i.e. liquid solvents and/or solid carriers, optionally with use of surfactants, i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam formers.
• extenders i.e. liquid solvents and/or solid carriers
• surfactants i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam formers.
• customary additives for example customary extenders and solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, stickers, gibberellins and also water, can optionally also be used.
• the formulations are produced either in suitable plants or else before or during application.
• auxiliaries used may be those substances which are suitable for imparting, to the composition itself and/or to preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquors), particular properties such as particular technical properties and/or else special biological properties.
• Typical auxiliaries include: extenders, solvents and carriers.
• Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of the aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), the alcohols and polyols (which may optionally also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified), the ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, the unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide).
• aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes
• the alcohols and polyols which may optionally also
• Useful liquid solvents essentially include: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or
• alkylnaphthalenes chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as
• chlorobenzenes chloroethylenes or methylene chloride
• aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and also water.
• dyes such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
• Useful wetting agents which may be present in the formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances which promote wetting and which are conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Preference is given to using alkyl
• naphthalenesulfonates such as diisopropyl or diisobutyl naphthalenesulfonates.
• Useful dispersants and/or emulsifiers which may be present in the formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Usable with preference are nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Suitable nonionic dispersants are especially ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristryrylphenol polyglycol ether, and the phosphated or sulfated derivatives thereof. Suitable anionic dispersants are especially lignosulfonates, polyacrylic acid salts and arylsulfonate/formaldehyde condensates.
• Antifoams which may be present in the formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate can be used with preference.
• Preservatives which may be present in the formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples include dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal. Secondary thickeners which may be present in the formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preferred examples include cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and finely divided silica.
• Stickers which may be present in the formulations usable in accordance with the invention include all customary binders usable in seed-dressing products.
• Preferred examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose.
• the gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler "Chemie der convinced fürschutz- and Schadlingsbekampfungsstoff” [Chemistry of the Crop Protection Compositions and Pesticides], vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, p.
• Further additives may be fragrances, mineral or vegetable, optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (including trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc. Additionally present may be stabilizers, such as cold stabilizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability.
• the formulations contain generally between 0.01 and 98% by weight, preferably between 0.5 and 90 %, of the 4-phenylbutyric acid and/or salts thereof, of the formula (I).
• the compound of formula (I) as herein defined or salt thereof can be present in commercially available formulations and also in the use forms, prepared from these formulations, as a mixture with other active compounds, such as insecticides, attractants, sterilizing agents, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth-regulating substances, herbicides, safeners, fertilizers or
• N-cyclopropyl amides of formula (I) wherein T represents an oxygen atom can be prepared by condensation of a substituted N-cyclopropyl benzylamine with 3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-mefhyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carbonyl chloride according to WO-2007/087906 (process PI) and WO-2010/130767 (process PI - step 10).
• Substituted N-cyclopropyl benzylamines are known or can be prepared by known processes such as the reductive amination of a substituted aldehyde with cyclopropanamine (/. Med. Chem.
• N-cyclopropyl thioamides of formula (I) wherein T represents a sulfur atom can be prepared by thionation of a N-cyclopropyl amide of formula (I) wherein T represents a oxygen atom, according to WO-2009/016220 (process PI) and WO-2010/130767 (process P3).
• Step A preparation of N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)cyclopropanamine
• reaction mixture is then cooled to 0 °C and 45.8 g (729 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride are added by portion in 10 min and the reaction mixture is stirred again for 3 hours at reflux.
• the cooled reaction mixture is filtered over a cake of diatomaceous earth. The cake is washed abundantly by methanol and the methanolic extracts are concentrated under vacuum. Water is then added to the residue and the pH is adjusted to 12 with 400 mL of a 1 N aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.
• the watery layer is extracted with ethyl acetate, washed by water (2 x 300 mL) and dried over magnesium sulfate to yield 81.6 g (88%) of N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)cyclopropanamine as a yellow oil used as such in the next step.
• Step B preparation of N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-l -methyl - lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide
• compounds A2 to A19 can be prepared according to the preparation described for compound Al.
• Table 1 provides the logP and NMR data (3 ⁇ 4) of compounds Al to A20.
• logP values were determined in accordance with EEC Directive 79/831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) on a reversed-phase column (C 18), using the method described below :
• Biological examples 1. Control of rust (Hemileia vastatrix) on Coffee crop (field trials).
• compound A5 represents a new alternative tool to control Coffee rust with low active rates of 50g ai/ha.
• the efficacy at these low rates competes with already sold ready mix compounds based on mixtures of epoxyconazole and pyraclostrobin (Opera), while said latest mixtures is used at the concentration of 183 g a.i./ha.
• Compound A5 has a high and unexpected better efficiency (comparable control at much less rate) than Opera and can participate to the reduction of chemical loading in plantations. 2. Control of Black Spot ⁇ Guignardia citricarpa) and Scab ⁇ Elsinoe spp) on Citrus crop (field trials).
• a typical fungicide formulation containing 100 g of compound per liter was applied in consecutive foliar sprays at 5 to 6 occasions every month to control black spot and at 1 to 3 occasions every 14 days to control Scab infections. Spray volumes vary from 2000L to 3000L/Ha.
• compound A5 represents a new standard for Banana protection with a high level of activity at very low rates, below 25g ai/ha, to protect significantly plants against Black Sigatoka .
• the efficacy at these low rates is at least equivalent to already registered compound Boscalid which is used at rates at least 6 to 24 times higher, and can participate to the reduction of chemical loading in plantations.

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