WO2016184009A1 - Acier pour outil résistant à l'usure fabriqué par métallurgie des poudres - Google Patents

Acier pour outil résistant à l'usure fabriqué par métallurgie des poudres Download PDF

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WO2016184009A1
WO2016184009A1 PCT/CN2015/091285 CN2015091285W WO2016184009A1 WO 2016184009 A1 WO2016184009 A1 WO 2016184009A1 CN 2015091285 W CN2015091285 W CN 2015091285W WO 2016184009 A1 WO2016184009 A1 WO 2016184009A1
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tool steel
powder metallurgy
carbide
resistant tool
wear
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PCT/CN2015/091285
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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李小明
吴立志
钟海林
王学兵
况春江
方玉诚
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安泰科技股份有限公司
河冶科技股份有限公司
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Priority to US15/326,473 priority Critical patent/US10385428B2/en
Publication of WO2016184009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016184009A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/36—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/002—Tools other than cutting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B22F2009/086—Cooling after atomisation
    • B22F2009/0876—Cooling after atomisation by gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/02—Nitrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/35—Iron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tool steel, in particular to a powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel.
  • Tool steel is widely used in the field of processing and manufacturing.
  • the tool steel should have excellent performance in four aspects including wear resistance, impact toughness, bending strength and hardness.
  • the wear resistance determines the length of service life.
  • the wear resistance of the tool steel depends on the hardness of the matrix and the content, morphology and particle size distribution of the hard second phase present in the steel.
  • the hard second phase present in the steel includes M 6 C, M 2 C, M 23 C 6 , M 7 C 3 and MX carbides.
  • the microhardness of the MX carbide is higher than that of other carbides. Better protection of the substrate, thus reducing the occurrence of wear and increasing the service life of the mold.
  • the impact toughness and bending strength of tool steel are important indicators of toughness.
  • the presence of coarse carbides in steel causes stress concentration, which reduces the toughness of tool steel, resulting in fracture under low external force loading.
  • Reducing the carbide content or refining the carbide particle size is an important means.
  • tool steel In order to avoid the occurrence of plastic deformation, tool steel usually requires a hardness of more than HRC60.
  • the tool steel is mainly prepared by the traditional casting and forging process.
  • the preparation of the tool steel by the casting and forging process is limited by the slow cooling and solidification characteristics of the molten steel in the process.
  • the alloy composition is prone to segregation during the solidification process, forming a coarse carbide structure even if After the subsequent forging process, the bad structure still has a bad influence on the properties of the alloy, which leads to the performance of the cast and forged die steel including the strength, toughness, wear resistance and grindability, which are difficult to meet the high-end. Manufacturing requirements for material performance and life stability.
  • the powder metallurgy process is used to prepare the tool steel to solve the problem of alloy element segregation.
  • the main steps of the powder metallurgy process for preparing the tool steel include: atomization milling and powder consolidation forming.
  • the molten steel is quickly Cooled into powder, the alloying elements in the molten steel are less than segregation and completely solidified.
  • the microstructure is fine and uniform, which is greatly improved compared with the properties of the cast-forged alloy.
  • Highly demanding high-alloy tool steels can only be prepared by powder metallurgy.
  • the preparation of tool steel by powder metallurgy process has been reported, but the design of some steel components is not reasonable enough, and the organization and performance need to be further improved.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a powder metallurgy wear resistant tool steel having excellent properties.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel.
  • the chemical composition of the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel includes: V: 12.2% - 16.2%, Nb: 1.1% - 3.2 %, C: 2.6% - 4.0%, Si: ⁇ 2.0%, Mn: 0.2% - 1.5%, Cr: 4.0% - 5.6%, Mo: ⁇ 3.0%, W: 0.1% - 1.0%, Co: 0.05% -0.5%, N: 0.05%-0.7%, the balance is iron and impurities;
  • the carbide composition of the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel is MX carbide, and the MX carbide is NaCl-type face-centered cubic lattice structure, MX The M element in the carbide includes V and Nb, and the X element includes C and N.
  • the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel according to the embodiment of the invention is designed by the alloy composition to obtain a high wear-resistant tool steel, and at the same time has high impact toughness, bending strength and hardness.
  • the present invention adds a certain amount of niobium and nitrogen alloy elements, and is dissolved in MX carbide to form a composite MX carbide whose main constituent elements are C, N, V, Nb, and the type of MX carbide is (V, Nb) (C, N), the purpose is to increase the nucleation rate of MX carbide, so that the precipitated MX carbide can be made finer and improve the toughness of the tool steel.
  • the impurities comprise O,O content of no more than 0.01%.
  • the chemical composition of the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel comprises, by mass percent: V: 13.0%-16.0%, Nb: 1.2%-2.5%, C: 2.8%-3.7%, Si: ⁇ 1.3%, Mn: 0.2%-1.5%, Cr: 4.8%-5.4%, Mo: ⁇ 2.0%, W: 0.1% - 0.5%, Co: 0.1% - 0.4%, N: 0.05% - 0.4%, O content not exceeding 0.008%, and the balance being iron and impurities.
  • the impurities comprise S, S content of no more than 0.1%.
  • the impurities comprise P and the P content does not exceed 0.03%.
  • the MX carbide has a volume fraction of from 16% to 25%.
  • At least 80% of the MX carbides have a size in the range of 0.5 to 1.3 ⁇ m by volume percent.
  • the MX carbide has a maximum dimension of no more than 5.0 ⁇ m.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel having excellent properties.
  • the chemical composition of the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel according to the embodiment of the present invention includes: V: 12.2% - 16.2%, Nb: 1.1% - 3.2%, C: 2.6% - 4.0%, Si: ⁇ 2.0.
  • the carbide composition of powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel is MX type carbide, MX is NaCl type face-centered cubic lattice structure, the main elements of M in MX carbide are V and Nb, and the main elements of X are C and N.
  • the embodiment of the invention achieves a high wear-resistant tool steel by designing the alloy composition, and at the same time has high impact toughness, bending strength and hardness.
  • V is very important for improving the wear resistance
  • V is the main element for forming the MX type carbide, and the V content is controlled in the range of 12.2% to 16.2%.
  • Nb is similar to that of V, and participates in the formation of MX carbide.
  • the Nb of the present invention is solid-dissolved in MX carbide, which increases the number of nucleation when MX carbide is precipitated, promotes precipitation and refinement of MX carbide, and improves wear resistance; Nb addition
  • the upper limit of the content is to avoid precipitation of Nb-rich MX carbide; the embodiment of the present invention controls the content of Nb in the range of 1.1% to 3.2%.
  • the C element is one of the constituent elements of MX carbide, and the content of C is not less than 2.6% to ensure that the alloying element can fully participate in the precipitation of carbides, and the maximum content of C does not exceed 4.0%, avoiding excessive C solid solution in the matrix,
  • the above C content is in the range of 2.6% to 4.0%, and a combination of maximum wear resistance and toughness can be obtained.
  • Si does not participate in carbide formation and is used as a deoxidizer and a matrix strengthening element. Too much Si reduces the toughness of the matrix, so the Si content range is limited to Si ⁇ 2.0%.
  • Mn When Mn is added as a deoxidizing agent, sulfur can be reduced to reduce hot brittleness, and manganese can increase hardenability.
  • the Mn content in the examples of the present invention ranges from 0.2% to 1.5%.
  • the effect of Cr is dissolved in the matrix to increase the hardness of the matrix, and on the other hand, a small amount of solid solution is dissolved in the MX carbide, which causes more MX carbide to precipitate, so the Cr content is 4.0% to 5.6%.
  • the action of Mo and W is similar to Cr.
  • the content of Mo in the embodiment of the present invention is Mo ⁇ 3.0%, and the content of W is in the range of 0.1% to 1.0%.
  • Co is mainly dissolved in the matrix, promotes carbide precipitation, and refines the carbide particle size, and the Co content ranges from 0.05% to 0.5%.
  • N participates in the formation of MX carbides. Under rapid cooling conditions, N promotes nucleation of MX carbides without causing excessive growth of MX carbides, which is beneficial to improve wear resistance.
  • the N content is limited to 0.05%-0.7%.
  • the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel according to the embodiment of the invention forms MX carbide by adding a large amount of vanadium and carbon alloy elements to improve wear resistance, and at the same time, adding a certain amount of alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum and silicon to strengthen the matrix Acting and promoting the precipitation of more MX carbides, in addition to the above alloying elements, the present invention adds a certain amount of niobium and nitrogen alloy elements, solid solution in MX carbides, forming a composite of the main constituent elements of C, N, V, Nb Type MX carbide, MX carbide type (V, Nb) (C, N), the purpose is to improve the nucleation rate of MX carbide, so that the precipitation of MX carbide can be more fine, improve the toughness of tool steel.
  • the amount of niobium and nitrogen added needs to be controlled within a suitable range to avoid high stability carbonization.
  • the substances NbC, VN, NbN and the like
  • the impurities include O, O ⁇ 0.01%. If the O is too high, the toughness of the tool steel is lowered, and the embodiment of the present invention controls the O content to be ⁇ 0.01% to ensure the excellent performance of the steel.
  • the chemical composition thereof includes, by mass percentage, V: 13.0% to 16.0%, Nb: 1.2% to 2.5%, C: 2.8% to 3.7%, Si: ⁇ 1.3%, and Mn: 0.2%. -1.5%, Cr: 4.8% - 5.4%, Mo: ⁇ 2.0%, W: 0.1% - 0.5%, Co: 0.1% - 0.4%, N: 0.05% - 0.4%, O ⁇ 0.008%, balance Iron and impurities.
  • the chemical components in the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel of the embodiments of the present invention should be controlled within the required range.
  • the impurities include S, S ⁇ 0.1%.
  • the impurities include P, P ⁇ 0.03%.
  • the volume fraction of MX carbide is between 16% and 25%.
  • At least 80% by volume of the MX carbide has a size of from 0.5 to 1.3 [mu]m.
  • the MX carbide has a maximum dimension of no more than 5.0 [mu]m.
  • the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel according to an embodiment of the present invention can be prepared by the following method, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the inert gas is used for atomization and milling, and the obtained metal powder is settled to the bottom of the atomization chamber, and then enters the storage tank with protective atmosphere, and the metal is protected by the screening device. After the powder is sieved, it is stored in the storage tank body;
  • the above powder metallurgy process includes non-vacuum smelting atomization milling and hot isostatic pressing.
  • the process uses full process protection to control oxygen content and carbide morphology to optimize tool steel performance.
  • the ladle protection slag has the function of insulating air and conductive heating; the bottom of the ladle is filled with inert gas through the vent hole to balance the temperature of the molten steel at different positions in the ladle, and accelerate the removal of harmful inclusions; the diversion tube at the bottom of the ladle is on the one hand
  • the liquid acts as a diversion to reduce turbulence during the flow of molten steel, avoiding slag and preventing inclusions from entering the next step.
  • the diversion tube protects the molten steel from exposure to air and prevents the oxygen content of the molten steel from rising;
  • the protective slag of the bag prevents the molten steel flowing through the tundish from directly contacting with the air, thereby reducing the increase of the oxygen content of the molten steel; pre-heating the tundish before the molten steel enters the tundish, preventing partial condensation of the molten steel into the tundish or causing the first
  • the two phases are preliminarily precipitated;
  • the inside of the powder storage tank has an atmosphere protection and a forced cooling and cooling function;
  • the powder protection screening device protects the powder screening process while preventing the powder from flying;
  • the powder storage tank is tightly connected with the hot isostatic envelope.
  • the hot isostatic pressing sleeve is supplied with an inert gas to discharge air before the powder is charged to control the oxygen content.
  • the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel obtained by the technical solution of the invention has excellent wear resistance and high impact toughness, bending strength and hardness.
  • the tool steel of the embodiment of the present invention has a specific chemical composition and a rapid cooling solidification process of powder metallurgy, and the type of MX carbide formed is (V, Nb) (C, N), so that the precipitated MX carbide is finer and improved.
  • the toughness of tool steel can obtain hardness above HRC60 after heat treatment, which can meet different types of application requirements and has wide application.
  • the tool steel of the invention is prepared by powder metallurgy process, and the process adopts various effective protection means to prevent the steel liquid and the powder from being contaminated. Compared with the tool steel prepared by general powder metallurgy, the MX carbide content is similar, and the invention is implemented according to the invention.
  • Example tool steel MX carbide is smaller and more tough Sex.
  • This embodiment relates to a group of powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steels, the chemical composition of which is shown in Table 1.1:
  • the tool steel molten steel of the present invention is loaded into a molten steel ladle, and the loading load of the molten steel is 1.5-8 tons;
  • the graphite electrode is used to heat the protective slag covered by the upper surface of the molten steel in the ladle, and the vent hole at the bottom of the ladle is filled with argon or nitrogen to stir the molten steel in the ladle.
  • the molten steel liquid guide is opened.
  • the atomization and milling process continuously compensates the heating of the tundish to maintain the superheat of the molten steel at 100 ⁇ -200 ⁇ ;
  • the molten steel enters the atomization chamber through the opening of the bottom of the tundish, opens the atomizing gas nozzle valve, and uses nitrogen as the atomizing gas for atomization and milling.
  • the purity of nitrogen is ⁇ 99.999%, the oxygen content is ⁇ 2ppm, and the gas pressure is 1.0. MPa-5.0MPa; the molten steel is broken into droplets under the action of inert gas, and simultaneously cooled to metal powder, and settled into the spray chamber by flight.
  • the bottom enters the powder storage tank through the bottom of the atomization chamber; after the atomization and milling, the metal powder in the powder storage tank is cooled to room temperature, and sieved by a protective screening device; the positive pressure inside the chamber of the protection screening device is provided Inert protective gas, the inside of the powder storage tank is a positive pressure inert gas protection atmosphere;
  • the tool steel of the present invention is further forged and deformed to obtain a certain shape and size, and different heat treatment systems are used to obtain different properties, and the heat treatment used includes annealing, quenching and tempering.
  • the annealing treatment involves heating the forging to 870 ° C - 890 ° C, holding time for 2 hours, then cooling to 530 ° C at ⁇ 15 ° C / hour, and then cooling the furnace or still air to below 50 ° C; quenching involves The annealed forging piece is preheated at a temperature of 815 ° C - 845 ° C, the temperature is uniform, and then kept at a temperature of 1000 ° C - 1200 ° C for 15-40 minutes, then quenched to 530 ° C - 550 ° C, and then air cooled to below 50 ° C;
  • the tempering treatment involves heating the quenched forgings to a temperature of 540-670 ° C and holding for 1.5-2 hours, followed by air cooling to below 50
  • the obtained powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel of the embodiment 1.1-1.4, the alloy oxygen content increment of the preparation process is ⁇ 30ppm, and the fully dense tool steel with the relative density of 100% is obtained after the thermal deformation, and the bar is made into a bar with a diameter of 50 mm. .
  • the embodiment relates to the verification of heat treatment hardness, impact toughness, flexural strength, wear resistance, carbide content and particle size of the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel of the first embodiment, wherein the carbide content and the particle size are obtained by scanning electron microscopy to obtain a tissue image.
  • Analysis, heat treatment hardness, impact toughness, flexural strength, wear resistance, respectively, refer to GB/T 230.1, GB/T 229, GB/T 14452-93, GB/T 12444-2006 for testing.
  • the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel of Examples 1.1 and 1.2 has an oxygen content of 50-60 ppm before preparation, an oxygen content of 60-80 ppm after preparation, and an oxygen content increment of ⁇ 30 ppm in the preparation process.
  • the powder metallurgy wear resistant tool steel of the present invention has an optimum combination of strength toughness.
  • the carbide size in the above table is the size of the carbide of at least 80% by volume.
  • the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel of the present invention and the alloy A carbide composition are MX carbide.
  • the MX carbide type of the tool steel of the present invention is (V, Nb) (C, N), and the main component composition is V, Nb, C, N and a small amount of alloying elements such as Fe and Cr.
  • the tool steel MX carbide volume fraction of the present invention reaches 16%-25%, and the presence of a large amount of MX carbide is advantageous for obtaining high wear resistance compared to Alloy B.
  • the steel carbide has a very fine particle size. Most of the MX carbides have a size of less than 1.3 ⁇ m and the maximum MX carbide size does not exceed 5 ⁇ m. Fine carbides contribute to the toughness of the tool steel.
  • the powder metallurgy wear-resistant tool steel of the invention has excellent wear resistance, and has excellent impact toughness, bending strength and hardness, and can obtain hardness of HRC60 or more after heat treatment, and can meet different types of application requirements. Wide range of applications, such as hard powder pressing, stamping and cutting dies, industrial shear blades, wood processing tools, wear parts, screws, screw sleeves, screw heads and other plastic machinery parts. Compared with ordinary cast-forged tool steel, the advantage is that the wear resistance is excellent, and the service life will be greatly improved. Compared with ordinary powder metallurgy tool steel, the carbide of the tool steel of the present invention is finer than the carbide content. The alloy exhibits higher toughness.
  • the powder metallurgy preparation process of the invention adopts various effective protection means to prevent the molten steel and powder from being contaminated in the preparation process, and the oxygen content increment is ⁇ 30ppm, which provides a guarantee for finally obtaining high-performance alloy ingot.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more unless specifically and specifically defined otherwise.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un acier pour outil résistant à l'usure fabriqué par métallurgie des poudres comprenant les éléments chimiques suivants, en pourcentage en masse : de 12,2 à 16,2 % de V, de 1,1 à 3,2 % de Nb, de 2,6 à 4,0 % de C, pas plus de 2,0 % de Si, de 0,2 à 1,5 % de Mn, de 4,0 à 5,6 % de Cr, pas plus de 3,0 % de Mo, de 0,1 à 1,0 % de W, de 0,05 à 0,5 % de Co, de 0,05 à 0,7 % de N le reste étant constitué de fer et d'impuretés. L'acier pour outil résistant à l'usure fabriqué par métallurgie des poudres comprend un carbure MX de structure cubique à faces centrées, M étant principalement composé des éléments V et Nb et X étant principalement composé des éléments C et N.
PCT/CN2015/091285 2015-05-15 2015-09-30 Acier pour outil résistant à l'usure fabriqué par métallurgie des poudres WO2016184009A1 (fr)

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