WO2016180338A1 - 弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手 - Google Patents

弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016180338A1
WO2016180338A1 PCT/CN2016/081704 CN2016081704W WO2016180338A1 WO 2016180338 A1 WO2016180338 A1 WO 2016180338A1 CN 2016081704 W CN2016081704 W CN 2016081704W WO 2016180338 A1 WO2016180338 A1 WO 2016180338A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hinge
flexible hinge
elastic bellows
flexible
rod
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2016/081704
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
章军
范晨阳
章佳平
陆利峰
吕兵
Original Assignee
江南大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 江南大学 filed Critical 江南大学
Priority to US15/572,785 priority Critical patent/US10011024B2/en
Publication of WO2016180338A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016180338A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/08Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
    • B25J15/10Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with three or more finger members
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J11/00Manipulators not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/0009Gripping heads and other end effectors comprising multi-articulated fingers, e.g. resembling a human hand
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/0028Gripping heads and other end effectors with movable, e.g. pivoting gripping jaw surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/02Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated
    • B25J15/0206Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated comprising articulated grippers
    • B25J15/022Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated comprising articulated grippers actuated by articulated links
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J15/00Gripping heads and other end effectors
    • B25J15/08Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
    • B25J15/12Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with flexible finger members
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/0009Constructional details, e.g. manipulator supports, bases
    • B25J9/0015Flexure members, i.e. parts of manipulators having a narrowed section allowing articulation by flexion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S901/00Robots
    • Y10S901/30End effector
    • Y10S901/31Gripping jaw
    • Y10S901/32Servo-actuated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series flexible hinge skeleton robot, which is composed of one palm and two flexible fingers, or one palm and three flexible fingers; each flexible finger has the same structure, mainly by one
  • the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder and a series of flexible hinges are composed; the configuration of the series flexible hinge is designed according to the characteristics of the object to be grasped; the mechanical hand is driven by the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder to generate the gripping force.
  • This manipulator is applied to fragile brittle objects, or the gripping of shaped objects with different shapes and sizes. It belongs to the field of robot and mechatronics application technology; it is connected with the robot body, especially suitable for the grasp of food, agricultural products and light industrial products. Background of production and logistics, such as picking, sorting and packaging
  • the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving series flexible hinge skeleton manipulator is characterized by: good flexibility and cushioning performance for external load, so that the complex object is grasped, and the flexibility adaptability is good.
  • the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder runs smoothly and is responsive because there is no friction between the cylinder piston and the rubber seal on the piston rod.
  • a key component of the robot of the present invention is a flexible finger, also known as a flexible joint.
  • the patent (a multi-joint flexible manipulator, 200810023616.5) proposed a flexible bending joint of a flexible hinge skeleton driven by a rubber bellows expansion-loading pneumatic artificial muscle driver, the disadvantages of which are: 1 there is no radial structure
  • the force amplification, with the angular displacement of the flexible hinge driven by the artificial muscle the greater the pressure increment of the artificial muscle cavity required for the unit increment of the angular displacement, the more difficult the flexible hinge is to bend, that is, the flexible finger is connected in series.
  • Patent application is a manipulator driven by a cylinder, which has the following disadvantages: 1 due to the existence of the two sliding friction forces of the rubber seal on the cylinder piston and the piston rod, The dynamic and static friction coefficients differ greatly, and the sliding friction force is also related to the stress condition of the piston rod. The frictional force changes greatly. Therefore, the synchronization control of the piston movement of the three-finger cylinder is complicated, and the position servo control is difficult.
  • 2 Robot The flexible finger is mounted vertically, and is only suitable for the pinch-and-pick method of "fingertip contact”. The envelope grasping method of "contact with fingers and palms" cannot be used, and the application range is small.
  • the robot of the present invention has two flexible fingers or three flexible fingers, each of which has the same structural structure.
  • the flexible finger is a four-hinge five-bar mechanism
  • the five rods are: a driving rod (elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 8), three flexible hinge rods formed by the series flexible hinge 4 (the upper flexible hinge rod of the series flexible hinge 4)
  • the combination of the curved plate 3, the middle flexible hinge bar, the lower flexible hinge bar and the hinge seat 6), the second force bar 7; the four hinges are respectively: two flexible hinges of the series flexible hinge 4, and two ends of the second force bar 7 Two hinges.
  • a structure of the manipulator of the present invention is composed of two identical flexible fingers and a palm disk 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and two identical flexible fingers are symmetrically mounted on the guide groove of the palm disk 1 The center distance is located by the center hole on the palm disk 1.
  • the flexible finger is composed of a finger root 2, a curved plate 3, a series flexible hinge 4, a pressure plate 5, a hinge base 6, a double force rod 7, and an elastic bellows single acting cylinder 8.
  • the features of the robot of the present invention are:
  • the finger root 2 is guided in the guiding groove of the palm disk 1, the screw passes through the waist groove on the finger root 2, the finger root 2 is fixed on the palm disk 1, and the waist groove on the finger root 2 can adjust the center of the flexible finger Distance, the screw clamps the upper flexible hinge rod of the series flexible hinge 4 between the curved plate 3 and the finger root 2, in an initial state, the series flexible hinge 4 is in a straight state;
  • the pressure plate 5 has a screw hole of four screws, Four screws pass through the hinge base 6 to clamp and fix the lower flexible hinge rod of the series flexible hinge 4 on the pressure plate 5, and the lower flexible hinge rod of the series flexible hinge 4 has no holes, which facilitates adjustment of the hinge seat 6 in the series flexible hinge 4.
  • the mounting position on the lower flexible hinge rod, the lowermost end of the lower flexible hinge rod of the series flexible hinge 4 is a curved surface; the ends of the second force rod 7 are hinges, respectively, and the hinges on the hinge seat 6 and the elastic bellows single acting cylinder 8
  • the holder 11a forms a hinge joint.
  • FIG. 3 Another structure of the manipulator of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3, consisting of three identical flexible fingers and a palm disk 1, and three identical flexible fingers are evenly mounted on the guide groove of the palm disk 1 at 120°. The center distance is located by the center hole on the palm disk 1.
  • the structure of the flexible finger is exactly the same as that described above, and consists of a finger root 2, a curved plate 3 , a series flexible hinge 4, a pressure plate 5, a hinge base 6, a double force rod 7, and an elastic bellows single acting cylinder 8.
  • the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 8 is composed of a bottom cover la, a rubber pad 2a, a cylinder block 3a, a clamp 4a, an elastic bellows 5a, a guide sleeve 6a, a linear bearing 7a, and a thread.
  • the cover 8a, the guide rod 9a, the guide rod holder 10a, the hinge holder l la, the compression spring 12a, the nylon regulating piece 13a, the spring cover 14a, the hexagon socket screw 15a, the seal ring 16a, and the right angle pipe joint 17a are composed.
  • the utility model is characterized in that: the bottom cover la, the rubber pad 2a and the cylinder block 3a are fixed together by screws, and the flange at the upper end of the guide sleeve 6a is pressed against the rubber pad 2a by the cylinder block 3a, and the cylinder and the cylinder below the flange of the guide sleeve 6a
  • the minimum hole clearance of the seat 3a ensures the coaxiality of the guide sleeve 6a and the cylinder block 3a; the rubber elastic bellows 5a is fixed to the cylinder block 3a and the guide rod seat 10a by the clamp 4a; a straight line guiding the guide rod 9a
  • the bearing 7a is mounted in the guide sleeve 6a, the screw cap 8a is screwed on the guide sleeve 6a, and the linear bearing 7a is axially fixed; the guide rod 9a is mounted on the guide rod seat 10a, the compression spring 12a is in the guide sleeve 6a, and the hexagon socket
  • the hinge support 11a is mounted on the center of symmetry of the guide rod seat 10a, adjusting the phase angle of the elastic bellows 5a on the guide rod seat 10a, ensuring that the hinge support 11a is shared with the hinge base 6 and the second force rod 7 On a flat surface; right angle pipe joint 17a threaded On the cylinder block 3a, a seal ring 16a between the thread 17a at a right angle fittings and cylinder block 3a.
  • the palm disk 1 has four guiding grooves, the left guiding groove and the right guiding groove are bilaterally symmetrical, and the left guiding groove and the right upper and lower guiding grooves are evenly distributed by 120°. There are four threaded holes on the four guide slots, and the center distances of the four threaded holes are the same.
  • the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
  • the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 8 has no sliding friction force generated by the rubber seal, so the synchronization control of the three-finger cylinder piston movement is relatively simple, and the position servo control is difficult.
  • the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 8 has no sliding friction force generated by the rubber seal, and adopts the rolling friction guiding form of the linear bearing, so the energy consumption is small, the reaction is fast, and there is no low-speed crawling phenomenon.
  • the flexible finger of the manipulator is installed obliquely, which is suitable not only for the pinch-and-pick method of "fingertip contact", but also for the "grass and palm touch” method. Big.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series flexible hinge skeleton manipulator
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of the two-finger installation of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving series flexible hinge skeleton manipulator;
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the three-finger installation of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving series flexible hinge skeleton manipulator
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series flexible hinge skeleton manipulator.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series flexible hinge skeleton manipulator
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom view of a palm disc of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series flexible hinge skeleton manipulator
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of a palm disc of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series flexible hinge skeleton manipulator
  • the working principle of the present invention After the theoretical analysis and experimental research on the long and rectangular complex objects, according to the shape and size of the captured object, the range and material Case, determining the safe range of grasping contact force, optimizing the design robot size, the characteristic parameters and preload of the compression spring 12a, designing the two hinge configurations of the series flexible hinge, thereby also determining the flexible finger on the palm disk 1 The positional dimensions are mounted and the mounting position dimensions of the hinge mount 6 on the lower flexible hinge rod of the series flexible hinge 4 are determined.
  • the structural size of the series flexible hinge skeleton manipulator, the elastic parameters of the compression spring 12a and the two hinge configurations of the series flexible hinge are comprehensively designed to ensure the elastic restoring force of the return ⁇ The resultant force and the resultant torque generated on the rod 9a do not form a self-locking (to prevent self-locking, a linear bearing 7a is also used to increase the pressure angle), so that the guide rod 9a of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 8 can be retracted to the original Position, the series flexible hinge 4 of the robot returns to a straight initial state.
  • the original shape of the elastic bellows is "U” shape, and is assembled into an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 8 ⁇ , and the initial state of the elastic bellows is “ ⁇ ” shape, so that a larger stroke can be obtained.
  • the air pressure in the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 8 is a set pressure ⁇ , overcoming the series flexible hinge 4 and the elastic bellows single acting cylinder
  • the elastic force of the compression spring 12a in 8 reaches the required gripping contact force and maintains the gripping state; in the gripping state ⁇ , the synergistic effect of the elastic hinges of the two flexible hinges of the series flexible hinge 4 produces flexibility of freedom Therefore, it is adaptive to grab objects.
  • 2 Release the air pressure ⁇ in the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 8, and the series flexible hinge frame robot returns to the initial state under the joint action of the series flexible hinge 4 and the compression spring 12a in the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

一种弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手,此机械手由一个手掌和二个柔性手指,或一个手掌和三个柔性手指组成;每个柔性手指结构相同,主要由一个弹性波纹管单作用气缸(8)和一个串联柔性铰链(4)组成;串联柔性铰链(4)的构型根据被抓取对象的特点而设计的;机械手靠弹性波纹管单作用气缸(8)驱动产生抓持力。此机械手应用于易碎的脆性物体,或形状、大小变化的异形物体的抓持,属于机器人、机电一体化的应用技术领域;与机器人本体联接,尤其适用于食品、农产品、轻工产品的抓取、分拣和包装等生产和物流领域。

Description

弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手, 此机械手由 一个手掌和二个柔性手指, 或一个手掌和三个柔性手指组成; 每个柔性手指结 构相同, 主要由一个弹性波纹管单作用气缸和一个串联柔性铰链组成; 串联柔 性铰链的构型根据被抓取对象的特点而设计的; 机械手靠弹性波纹管单作用气 缸驱动产生抓持力。 此机械手应用于易碎的脆性物体, 或形状、 大小变化的异 形物体的抓持, 属于机器人、 机电一体化的应用技术领域; 与机器人本体联接 , 尤其适用于食品、 农产品、 轻工产品的抓取、 分拣和包装等生产和物流领域 背景技术
[0002] 针对轻工和食品行业的大规模生产状况, 为满足形状复杂、 物性多样的原材料 、 半成品、 成品的物流和包装的需要, 为解决简单劳动的用工成本高、 劳动条 件差等问题, 需要物流抓取机械手。 就抓取的复杂对象的种类: ①易变形的软性 物体 (面包、 软包装物品) ; ②易碎的脆性物体 (禽蛋、 玻璃陶瓷制品) ; ③形 状不规则的、 大小差别大的物体 (瓜果、 蔬菜) ; ④异形的、 位置状态混乱且难 理顺的物体 (酒瓶、 化妆品瓶) ; 从上可见, 复杂对象的材料性质、 形状尺寸 及位置状态的差别较大。 传统工业机械手为夹钳式或平行移动式结构, 只能抓 取形状大小相同、 位置状态一致、 不会破损的刚性工件。 仿人灵巧手需要感知 复杂对象的空间位置和形状, 需要精确控制运动和抓取力, 否则会损坏复杂对 象或不能可靠抓取, 但目前仿人灵巧手尚处在实验室研究阶段, 且成本高、 对 使用环境要求高。
技术问题
[0003] 本发明弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手的特点是: 对外载 荷具有良好的柔性自由度和缓冲性能, 因此抓取复杂对象吋, 柔性自适应性好 ; 同吋, 由于没有气缸活塞和活塞杆上橡胶密封的摩擦力, 弹性波纹管单作用 气缸运行平稳、 反应灵敏。
[0004] 本发明机械手的关键部件是柔性手指, 亦称为柔性关节。 本发明之前, 专利 ( 一种多关节柔性机械手, 200810023616.5) 提出了一种橡胶波纹管膨胀加载式气 动人工肌肉驱动器驱动的、 柔性铰链骨架的柔性弯曲关节, 其缺点是: ①结构上 没有径向力放大作用, 在人工肌肉驱动下随着柔性铰链的角位移越大, 角位移 的单位增量所需的人工肌肉内腔的压强增量越大, 柔性铰链越难弯曲, 亦即柔 性手指串联柔性铰链的二个角位移-气压的曲线斜率均越来越小; ②驱动力作用 于柔性铰链骨架的位置不能调节, 抓取物体的通用性不够好。 专利申请 (柔顺 机构的气动串联柔性铰链多指手爪, 201310123063.1) 是一种采用气缸驱动的机 械手, 其缺点是: ①由于存在气缸活塞和活塞杆上橡胶密封的这两个滑动摩擦力 , 其动、 静摩擦系数相差较大, 且滑动摩擦力大小还与活塞杆的受力状况相关 , 摩擦力变化大, 因此三个手指气缸活塞运动的同步性控制较复杂, 位置伺服 控制难度大; ②机械手柔性手指是垂直安装, 仅仅适用于"指尖接触"的捏取抓取 方式, 不能采用"手指和手掌多处接触 "的包络抓取方式, 应用范围较小。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 本发明克服了上述不足, 本发明机械手有二个柔性手指或三个柔性手指, 每个 柔性手指结构相同。 原理上柔性手指为四铰链的五杆机构, 五杆分别是: 驱动 杆 (弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8) 、 串联柔性铰链 4形成的三个柔性铰链杆 (串联 柔性铰链 4的上柔性铰链杆和弯板 3的组合、 中柔性铰链杆、 下柔性铰链杆和铰 链座 6的组合) 、 二力杆 7; 四铰链分别是: 串联柔性铰链 4的二个柔性铰链、 二 力杆 7两端的二个铰链。
[0006] 本发明的主要解决方案是这样实现的:
[0007] 本发明机械手的一种结构如附图 1、 2所示, 由二个相同的柔性手指和一个手掌 盘 1组成, 二个相同的柔性手指左右对称地安装在手掌盘 1的导向槽中, 靠手掌 盘 1上的中心孔定位中心距。 柔性手指由指根 2、 弯板 3、 串联柔性铰链 4、 压板 5 、 铰链座 6、 二力杆 7、 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8组成。 本发明机械手的特征是: 指根 2在手掌盘 1的导向槽中导向, 螺钉穿过指根 2上的腰形槽, 将指根 2固定在 手掌盘 1上, 指根 2上的腰形槽可以调节柔性手指的中心距, 螺钉将串联柔性铰 链 4的上柔性铰链杆夹紧在弯板 3和指根 2之间, 初始状态吋串联柔性铰链 4呈平 直状态; 压板 5上有四个螺钉的螺纹孔, 用四个螺钉穿过铰链座 6将串联柔性铰 链 4的下柔性铰链杆夹紧固定在压板 5上, 串联柔性铰链 4的下柔性铰链杆上没有 孔, 便于调节铰链座 6在串联柔性铰链 4的下柔性铰链杆上的安装位置, 串联柔 性铰链 4的下柔性铰链杆最下端是曲面; 二力杆 7的两端均为铰链, 分别与铰链 座 6和弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8上的铰链支座 11a形成铰链联结。
[0008] 本发明机械手的另一种结构如附图 3所示, 由三个相同的柔性手指和一个手掌 盘 1组成, 三个相同的柔性手指 120°均布地安装在手掌盘 1的导向槽中, 靠手掌盘 1上的中心孔定位中心距。 柔性手指的结构与前面所述完全相同, 由指根 2、 弯 板 3、 串联柔性铰链 4、 压板 5、 铰链座 6、 二力杆 7、 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8组 成。
[0009] 如附图 4、 5所示, 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8由底盖 la、 橡胶垫 2a、 气缸座 3a、 卡箍 4a、 弹性波纹管 5a、 导套 6a、 直线轴承 7a、 螺纹盖 8a、 导杆 9a、 导杆座 10a 、 铰链支座 l la、 压缩弹簧 12a、 尼龙调节片 13a、 弹簧盖 14a、 内六角螺钉 15a、 密封圈 16a、 直角管接头 17a组成。 其特征是: 底盖 la、 橡胶垫 2a、 气缸座 3a通过 螺钉固定在一起, 导套 6a上端的法兰被气缸座 3a压紧在橡胶垫 2a上, 导套 6a法兰 下面的圆柱与气缸座 3a的最小孔间隙配合, 保证导套 6a与气缸座 3a的同轴度; 橡 胶的弹性波纹管 5a用卡箍 4a固定在气缸座 3a和导杆座 10a上; 为导杆 9a导向的直 线轴承 7a安装在导套 6a内, 螺纹盖 8a旋在导套 6a, 轴向固定直线轴承 7a; 导杆 9a 安装在导杆座 10a上, 压缩弹簧 12a在导套 6a内, 内六角螺钉 15a将尼龙调节片 13a 和弹簧盖 14a固定在导杆 9a, 弹簧盖 14a压着压缩弹簧 12a, 更换不同厚度的尼龙 调节片 13a, 可以调节压缩弹簧 12a的预紧力, 并可调节弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8 的行程; 铰链支座 11a安装在导杆座 10a的对称中心上, 调整弹性波纹管 5a在导杆 座 10a上的相位角, 保证铰链支座 11a与铰链座 6、 二力杆 7共在一个平面上; 直角 管接头 17a螺纹安装在气缸座 3a上, 直角管接头 17a螺纹和气缸座 3a之间有密封圈 16a。 [0010] 如附图 6、 7所示, 手掌盘 1上有四个导向槽, 左边的导向槽与右边的导向槽左 右对称, 左边的导向槽与右边的上下二个导向槽 120°均布, 四个导向槽上有四个 螺纹孔, 四个螺纹孔的中心距相同。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0011] 本发明与已有技术相比具有以下优点:
[0012] ( 1) 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8没有橡胶密封产生的滑动摩擦力, 因此三个手指 气缸活塞运动的同步性控制较简单, 位置伺服控制难度小。
[0013] (2) 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8没有橡胶密封产生的滑动摩擦力, 且采用直线轴 承的滚动摩擦的导向形式, 因此能耗小, 反应快, 无低速爬行现象。
[0014] (3) 机械手柔性手指是斜向安装, 不仅适用于"指尖接触"的捏取抓取方式, 也能采用"手指和手掌多处接触 "的包络抓取方式, 应用范围较大。
[0015] (4) 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8的橡胶波纹管受力均匀, 寿命长。
[0016] (5) 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8的橡胶波纹管和卡箍即使脱幵, 还套在导套 6a和 导杆 9a上, 因此结构安全可靠。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0017] 图 1为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手的主视图
[0018] 图 2为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手二手指安装的俯视 图
[0019] 图 3为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手三手指安装的俯视 图
[0020] 图 4为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手的弹性波纹管单作 用气缸的主视图
[0021] 图 5为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手的弹性波纹管单作 用气缸的俯视图
[0022] 图 6为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手的手掌盘的仰视图 [0023] 图 7为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手的手掌盘的主视图 本发明的实施方式
[0024] 下面为本发明的工作原理及工作过程:
[0025] 如图 1-2和 4-5所示, 本发明的工作原理: 对长形、 矩形的复杂对象, 理论分析 和实验研究后, 根据被抓取物体形状、 尺寸的变化范围和材质情况, 确定抓取 接触力的安全范围, 优化设计机械手结构尺寸、 压缩弹簧 12a的特性参数和预紧 力, 设计串联柔性铰链的二个铰链构型, 从而也确定柔性手指在手掌盘 1上的安 装位置尺寸, 并确定铰链座 6在串联柔性铰链 4的下柔性铰链杆上的安装位置尺 寸。
[0026] 同吋, 根据具体抓取对象, 综合设计串联柔性铰链骨架机械手的结构尺寸、 压 缩弹簧 12a的弹性参数和串联柔性铰链的二个铰链构型吋, 确保回复吋各弹性回 复力在导杆 9a上产生的合力和合力矩不会形成自锁 (为防止自锁, 还采用了直线 轴承 7a, 以增大压力角) , 从而弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8的导杆 9a能回退到原位 , 机械手的串联柔性铰链 4回复到平直的初始状态。
[0027] 并且, 弹性波纹管原始形状为" U"形, 装配成弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8吋, 弹性 波纹管初始状态为 "Ω"形, 这样可以得到较大的行程。
[0028] 如图 1-2和 4-5所示, 本发明的工作过程: ①弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8内的气压为 设定压力吋, 克服串联柔性铰链 4和弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8内的压缩弹簧 12a的 弹性力, 达到要求的抓持接触力, 并保持抓取状态; 抓取状态吋, 串联柔性铰 链 4的二个柔性铰链弹性力的协同作用, 产生了自由度的柔性, 因此对抓取物体 有自适应性。 ②释放弹性波纹管单作用气缸 8内的气压吋, 在串联柔性铰链 4和弹 性波纹管单作用气缸 8内的压缩弹簧 12a的共同作用下, 串联柔性铰链骨架机械手 回复初始状态。
[0029] 如图 1、 3和 4-5所示, 对圆球形、 短圆柱形的复杂对象, 同样按照上述步骤, 实验研究和理论分析后进行设计和调节。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架机械手, 其特征是: 二 个相同的柔性手指左右对称地安装在手掌盘 (1) 的导向槽中, 靠手 掌盘 (1) 上的中心孔定位中心距, 这是机械手一种结构; 三个相同 的柔性手指 120°均布地安装在手掌盘 (1) 的导向槽中, 靠手掌盘 (1
) 上的中心孔定位中心距, 这是机械手另一种结构; 柔性手指由指根
(2) 、 弯板 (3) 、 串联柔性铰链 (4) 、 压板 (5) 、 铰链座 (6) 、 二力杆 (7) 、 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 (8) 组成, 具体是: 指根 ( 2) 在手掌盘 (1) 的导向槽中导向, 螺钉穿过指根 (2) 上的腰形槽 , 将指根 (2) 固定在手掌盘 (1) 上, 指根 (2) 上的腰形槽可以调 节柔性手指的中心距, 螺钉将串联柔性铰链 (4) 的上柔性铰链杆夹 紧在弯板 (3) 和指根 (2) 之间, 初始状态吋串联柔性铰链 (4) 呈 平直状态; 压板 (5) 上有四个螺钉的螺纹孔, 用四个螺钉穿过铰链 座 (6) 将串联柔性铰链 (4) 的下柔性铰链杆夹紧固定在压板 (5) 上, 串联柔性铰链 (4) 的下柔性铰链杆上没有孔, 便于调节铰链座
(6) 在串联柔性铰链 (4) 的下柔性铰链杆上的安装位置, 串联柔性 铰链 (4) 的下柔性铰链杆最下端是曲面; 二力杆 (7) 的两端均为铰 链, 分别与铰链座 (6) 和弹性波纹管单作用气缸 (8) 上的铰链支座
( 11a) 形成铰链联结;
弹性波纹管单作用气缸 (8) 由底盖 (la) 、 橡胶垫 (2a) 、 气缸座 (3a) 、 卡箍 (4a) 、 弹性波纹管 (5a) 、 导套 (6a) 、 直线轴承 ( 7a) 、 螺纹盖 (8a) 、 导杆 (9a) 、 导杆座 (10a) 、 铰链支座 (11a ) 、 压缩弹簧 (12a) 、 尼龙调节片 (13a) 、 弹簧盖 (14a) 、 内六 角螺钉 (15a) 、 密封圈 (16a) 、 直角管接头 (17a) 组成; 具体是 : 底盖 (la) 、 橡胶垫 (2a) 、 气缸座 (3a) 通过螺钉固定在一起, 导套 (6a) 上端的法兰被气缸座 (3a) 压紧在橡胶垫 (2a) 上, 导套 (6a) 法兰下面的圆柱与气缸座 (3a) 的最小孔间隙配合, 保证导套 (6a) 与气缸座 (3a) 的同轴度; 弹性波纹管 (5a) 用卡箍 (4a) 固 定在气缸座 (3a) 和导杆座 (10a) 上; 为导杆 (9a) 导向的直线轴 承 (7a) 安装在导套 (6a) 内, 螺纹盖 (8a) 旋在导套 (6a) , 轴向 固定直线轴承 (7a) ; 导杆 (9a) 安装在导杆座 (10a) 上, 压缩弹 簧 (12a) 在导套 (6a) 内, 内六角螺钉 (15a) 将尼龙调节片 (13a ) 和弹簧盖 (14a) 固定在导杆 (9a) , 弹簧盖 (14a) 压着压缩弹簧 ( 12a) , 更换不同厚度的尼龙调节片 (13a) , 可以调节压缩弹簧 ( 12a) 的预紧力, 并可调节弹性波纹管单作用气缸 (8) 的行程; 铰链 支座 (11a) 安装在导杆座 (10a) 的对称中心上, 调整弹性波纹管 ( 5a) 在导杆座 (10a) 上的相位角, 保证铰链支座 (11a) 与铰链座 ( 6) 、 二力杆 (7) 共在一个平面上; 直角管接头 (17a) 螺纹安装在 气缸座 (3a) 上, 直角管接头 (17a) 螺纹和气缸座 (3a) 之间有密 封圈 (16a) 。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联柔性铰链骨架 机械手, 其特征是: 手掌盘 (1) 上有四个导向槽, 左边的导向槽与 右边的导向槽左右对称, 左边的导向槽与右边的上下二个导向槽 120° 均布, 四个导向槽上有四个螺纹孔, 四个螺纹孔的中心距相同。
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