WO2016178185A1 - Battery management system for bi-cathode discharging-cells - Google Patents

Battery management system for bi-cathode discharging-cells Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016178185A1
WO2016178185A1 PCT/IB2016/052593 IB2016052593W WO2016178185A1 WO 2016178185 A1 WO2016178185 A1 WO 2016178185A1 IB 2016052593 W IB2016052593 W IB 2016052593W WO 2016178185 A1 WO2016178185 A1 WO 2016178185A1
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Prior art keywords
galvanic cells
cells
power
galvanic
cathode
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PCT/IB2016/052593
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Suren Martirosyan
Didier Guillonnet
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Suren Martirosyan
Didier Guillonnet
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Application filed by Suren Martirosyan, Didier Guillonnet filed Critical Suren Martirosyan
Publication of WO2016178185A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016178185A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/244—Zinc electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with energy management of a Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery comprising electrically rechargeable Metal-Air battery cells comprising a first galvanic cell formed from a first reversible metal electrode and an air electrode, and also comprising a second reversible electrode (i) forming a second galvanic cell with the said first reversible metal electrode, and (ii) acting as second cathode during discharging and anode during charging, thereafter “bi-cathode discharging cells”, and especially Battery Management Systems for electrically rechargeable Air-Zinc-NickelOxide batteries.
  • the electricity supply shall withstand bursts of at least 2 but rather 3 to 5 times more than the average power consumption.
  • Zinc-Air batteries are famous for their energy density comparable to Li-ion batteries (at least 3 to 6 times more than Lead-Acid batteries) and their low cost per kWh (comparable or cheaper than Lead-Acid batteries and 5 to 10 times cheaper than Li-ion batteries).
  • Nickel-cathode discharging cells nickel-zinc-air batteries comprising a first galvanic cell between the zinc and the air electrodes, and a second galvanic cell between the zinc and the nickel electrodes, are well-known to deliver energy from two “plateaux”.
  • the nickel electrode is discharged first and delivers an output voltage of 1.6V, decreasing along with the discharge. Then, when the discharge of nickel electrode is such that the output voltage reaches 1.2V, the cell starts to use the air electrode.
  • Such systems are described in WO 2013/110097 from S. Martirosyan et al. and WO 2012/156639 from G. Toussaint et al. and describe without ambiguity the two phases of discharge, the air electrode being used in the second phase only, when the state of charge of the nickel electrode is such that when the nickel electrode is in use, its output voltage is lower than a threshold.
  • the mode of operation of such three electrodes nickel-zinc-air cells is such that “discharging” of the said battery cell comprises a first phase concerning the second galvanic cell solely and a second phase concerning the first galvanic cell solely, the second step starting only after the second galvanic cell voltage has dropped to a specific value so that no anodic process takes place on air electrode upon connection with second reversible electrode”.
  • the discharging curve is presenting two distinct plateaux, which means that after having discharged the second cathode at the higher plateau, the power peaks can only be handled with the first cathode, the air electrode, with the limitations explained above.
  • the invention intends to obviate the prior art problems.
  • the current invention is providing a method of using bi-cathode discharging cells in order to optimize energy drawing and recuperation, especially to withstand power peaks, and especially for vehicle application.
  • the invention relates to a method for optimizing the drawing of energy from a Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery (thereafter the BCDCB), said BCDCB being installed on an electric vehicle,
  • the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn only from the set of second galvanic cells, as long as they are not discharged
  • the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn from the set of second galvanic cells as long as their charge is not below a “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge”, advantageously around 80% of the estimated capacity of the set of second galvanic cells or computed as the estimated capacity of the second galvanic cells minus the estimated kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle (vehicle + driver + luggage + etc.), and then the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn from the set of first galvanic cells until they are discharged, and then eventually draws again from the set of second galvanic cells.
  • a “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge” advantageously around 80% of the estimated capacity of the set of second galvanic cells or computed as the estimated capacity of the second galvanic cells minus the estimated kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle (vehicle + driver + luggage + etc.
  • the said Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery is comprising a set of bi-cathode discharging cells each of them comprising
  • a first galvanic cell comprising a first reversible metal electrode and an air cathode
  • said second cathode being able to deliver a power intensity higher than the power intensity delivered with the air-electrode cathode
  • cathode switching means allowing to connect into the circuits of the BCDCB either the first galvanic couple or the second galvanic couple of bi-cathode discharging cells.
  • the invention is based on the surprising observation made by the inventors that a suitable method of Managing the two sources of energy, First Galvanic Cells and Second Galvanic Cells, should use the set of second galvanic cell as a reserve of capacity available in case of power surge instead of discharging it totally before starting to discharge the first galvanic cell, as it is classically done with the two plateaus discharge curve.
  • the capacity of the set of second galvanic cell is used as booster only when the required power output is above what can supply the first galvanic cell, contrary to the use as proposed in the art.
  • the method according to the invention keeps the possibility of recuperation of the kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle.
  • a loaded vehicle is defined as a vehicle comprising the driver and all objects and passengers that are placed into, e.g. luggage, spare tire, etc...
  • the “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge” is computed as the estimated capacity of the second galvanic cells minus the estimated kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle (vehicle + driver + luggage + etc.)
  • the “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge” is computed and the said rules are checked and applied in real time, advantageously 2 to 20 times per second.
  • the Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge value can be a fixed a fixed value around 80% of total capacity of the set of the Second Galvanic Cells.
  • the invention relates to the method defined above, comprising also the rule that when the requested power is below the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cells, and the total energy of the set of second galvanic cells charge is below the said “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge”, the BCDC-BMS manage to use the additional power still available from set of first galvanic cells to recharge the set of second galvanic cells up to the said computed “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge” whereby recharging the set of second galvanic cells when spare power is available from the set of first galvanic cells.
  • the method according to the invention has the following advantages (i) it allows to use a nickel-zinc electrochemical cell as a high-power buffer for acceleration of a vehicle and high efficiency energy recuperation, instead of using the usual separate battery or supercapacitor ; (ii) is a much cheaper and lighter solution than the said usual separate battery or supercapacitor.
  • the invention relates to the above mentioned method, wherein the said first reversible metal electrode is a Zinc electrode.
  • the invention relates to the above mentioned method, wherein said second reversible metal electrode is a nickel-oxide electrode.
  • the invention also relates to a Battery Management System for bi-cathode discharging cells Battery (thereafter the BCDC-BMS), characterized in that said BCDC-BMS is comprising - means to monitor the requested power level and the usage history of the bi-cathode discharging cells of a BCDCB, - means to position the said cathode switching means of said BCDCB, - and computation means implementing the above mentioned method whereby optimizing the energy usage of the said BCDCB for the moments when higher power is required.
  • the BCDC-BMS according to the invention is supplied with means that can control the power supply depending upon the power requested by the vehicle. Any electric switch or similar, that contains power detector, and well known in the art, can be used by the skilled person.
  • the invention also relates to a Battery System (thereafter the BCDC-BS) comprising at least
  • the invention relates to the BCDC-BS defined above, wherein the said first reversible metal electrode is a zinc electrode.
  • the invention relates to the BCDC-BS defined above, wherein the said second reversible metal electrode is a nickel-oxide electrode.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a BCDC-BS as defined above.
  • the Battery is including 800 cells, and is designed for a small e-Car, the model "F-City", from the French constructor la “Française d'Assemblage et de Montage Automobiles” (FAM).
  • the cells are NickelOxide/Zinc/Air cells, 500 grams each, with 30Ah capacity on the Zinc anode, and a 1Ah capacity with the NickelOxide second reversible electrode, for a total of approximately 35Wh practical capacity.
  • the battery system, including its BMS have a total weight of 450 kg, a total capacity of 28 kWh , of which 800 Wh are from the set of nickel-oxide electrode forming second galavanic cells.
  • the loaded vehicle including the battery, its BMS and the driver, weights approximately 1100 kg.
  • the kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle is approximately : 1.2 Wh at 10 km/h, 4.7 Wh at 20 km/h, 11 Wh at 30 km/h, 19 Wh at 40 km/h, 30 Wh at 50 km/h, 42 Wh at 60 km/h, 60 Wh at 70 km/h.
  • the estimated capacity of the second galvanic cells minus the estimated kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle is approximately: 799 Wh at 10 km/h, 795 Wh at 20 km/h, 790 Wh at 30 km/h, 780 Wh at 40 km/h, 770 Wh at 50 km/h, 760 Wh at 60 km/h, 740 Wh at 70 km/h.
  • the BMS can use a fixed value around 650 Wh for the Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge in order to apply the rules of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for optimizing the drawing of energy from a Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery (thereafter the BCDCB), said BCDCB being installed on an electric vehicle, said method acting according to the following rules : considering the power requested by the vehicle and comparing the requested power to the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cells such that (i), the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn only from the set of second galvanic cells, as long as they are not discharged (ii) and when the requested power is below or equal to the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cells, the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn from the set of second galvanic cells as long as their charge is not below a "Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge".

Description

Battery Management System for Bi-cathode discharging-Cells
The present invention is concerned with energy management of a Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery comprising electrically rechargeable Metal-Air battery cells comprising a first galvanic cell formed from a first reversible metal electrode and an air electrode, and also comprising a second reversible electrode (i) forming a second galvanic cell with the said first reversible metal electrode, and (ii) acting as second cathode during discharging and anode during charging, thereafter “bi-cathode discharging cells”, and especially Battery Management Systems for electrically rechargeable Air-Zinc-NickelOxide batteries.
On the road vehicles, such as scooters trikes cars buses etc., require for some short period of time, especially during acceleration, a power which is a multiple of the average energy consumption during a trip.
In case of electric vehicles it means that the electricity supply shall withstand bursts of at least 2 but rather 3 to 5 times more than the average power consumption.
However, some electrical energy supply cannot provide much more power than its nominal power, for example fuel cells operate at constant power output and zinc-air usually cannot withstand much more than 2 to 3 times than nominal power output peaks. In these situations the classical solution is to use a separate battery or super-capacitors able to deliver the required power excess.
Electrically rechargeable Zinc-Air batteries are famous for their energy density comparable to Li-ion batteries (at least 3 to 6 times more than Lead-Acid batteries) and their low cost per kWh (comparable or cheaper than Lead-Acid batteries and 5 to 10 times cheaper than Li-ion batteries).
These batteries can be very useful for many applications including Electric Vehicles. However so far these batteries can only withstand limited Power Peaks because of the current limitation induced by classical air-electrodes (50 to 100 mA/cm²).
“Bi-cathode discharging cells” nickel-zinc-air batteries comprising a first galvanic cell between the zinc and the air electrodes, and a second galvanic cell between the zinc and the nickel electrodes, are well-known to deliver energy from two “plateaux”. Usually the nickel electrode is discharged first and delivers an output voltage of 1.6V, decreasing along with the discharge. Then, when the discharge of nickel electrode is such that the output voltage reaches 1.2V, the cell starts to use the air electrode. Such systems are described in WO 2013/110097 from S. Martirosyan et al. and WO 2012/156639 from G. Toussaint et al. and describe without ambiguity the two phases of discharge, the air electrode being used in the second phase only, when the state of charge of the nickel electrode is such that when the nickel electrode is in use, its output voltage is lower than a threshold.
For example in the PCT Application WO/2013/110097 from S. Martirosyan et al., the inventors are improving the cells so that the total specific energy is increased, and dendrites formation is lowered.
However, the mode of operation of such three electrodes nickel-zinc-air cells is such that “discharging” of the said battery cell comprises a first phase concerning the second galvanic cell solely and a second phase concerning the first galvanic cell solely, the second step starting only after the second galvanic cell voltage has dropped to a specific value so that no anodic process takes place on air electrode upon connection with second reversible electrode”. So the discharging curve is presenting two distinct plateaux, which means that after having discharged the second cathode at the higher plateau, the power peaks can only be handled with the first cathode, the air electrode, with the limitations explained above.
The invention intends to obviate the prior art problems.
The current invention is providing a method of using bi-cathode discharging cells in order to optimize energy drawing and recuperation, especially to withstand power peaks, and especially for vehicle application.
The invention relates to a method for optimizing the drawing of energy from a Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery (thereafter the BCDCB), said BCDCB being installed on an electric vehicle,
said method acting according to the following rules :
considering the power requested by the vehicle and
comparing the requested power to the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cells
such that
(i) when the requested power is above the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cell, the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn only from the set of second galvanic cells, as long as they are not discharged
(ii) and when the requested power is below or equal to the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cells, the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn from the set of second galvanic cells as long as their charge is not below a “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge”, advantageously around 80% of the estimated capacity of the set of second galvanic cells or computed as the estimated capacity of the second galvanic cells minus the estimated kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle (vehicle + driver + luggage + etc.), and then the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn from the set of first galvanic cells until they are discharged, and then eventually draws again from the set of second galvanic cells.
In the present invention the said Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery is comprising a set of bi-cathode discharging cells each of them comprising
- a first galvanic cell comprising a first reversible metal electrode and an air cathode, and
- a second reversible electrode
(i) forming a second galvanic cell with said first reversible metal electrode, and
(ii) acting as a
second cathode during discharging and
anode during charging,
said second cathode being able to deliver a power intensity higher than the power intensity delivered with the air-electrode cathode,
and cathode switching means allowing to connect into the circuits of the BCDCB either the first galvanic couple or the second galvanic couple of bi-cathode discharging cells.
The invention is based on the surprising observation made by the inventors that a suitable method of Managing the two sources of energy, First Galvanic Cells and Second Galvanic Cells, should use the set of second galvanic cell as a reserve of capacity available in case of power surge instead of discharging it totally before starting to discharge the first galvanic cell, as it is classically done with the two plateaus discharge curve.
In the method according to the invention, the capacity of the set of second galvanic cell is used as booster only when the required power output is above what can supply the first galvanic cell, contrary to the use as proposed in the art.
The method according to the invention keeps the possibility of recuperation of the kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle.
In the invention, a loaded vehicle is defined as a vehicle comprising the driver and all objects and passengers that are placed into, e.g. luggage, spare tire, etc…
In the invention the “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge” is computed as the estimated capacity of the second galvanic cells minus the estimated kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle (vehicle + driver + luggage + etc.)
In the invention the “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge” is computed and the said rules are checked and applied in real time, advantageously 2 to 20 times per second.
Advantageously, when the capacity of the set of Second Galvanic Cells is more than 5 times larger than the kinetic energy of the vehicle at its maximum speed, the Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge value can be a fixed a fixed value around 80% of total capacity of the set of the Second Galvanic Cells.
More advantageously, the invention relates to the method defined above, comprising also the rule that when the requested power is below the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cells, and the total energy of the set of second galvanic cells charge is below the said “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge”, the BCDC-BMS manage to use the additional power still available from set of first galvanic cells to recharge the set of second galvanic cells up to the said computed “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge” whereby recharging the set of second galvanic cells when spare power is available from the set of first galvanic cells.
The method according to the invention has the following advantages (i) it allows to use a nickel-zinc electrochemical cell as a high-power buffer for acceleration of a vehicle and high efficiency energy recuperation, instead of using the usual separate battery or supercapacitor ; (ii) is a much cheaper and lighter solution than the said usual separate battery or supercapacitor.
In one advantageous embodiment, the invention relates to the above mentioned method, wherein the said first reversible metal electrode is a Zinc electrode.
In one advantageous embodiment, the invention relates to the above mentioned method, wherein said second reversible metal electrode is a nickel-oxide electrode.
The invention also relates to a Battery Management System for bi-cathode discharging cells Battery (thereafter the BCDC-BMS), characterized in that said BCDC-BMS is comprising
- means to monitor the requested power level and the usage history of the bi-cathode discharging cells of a BCDCB,
- means to position the said cathode switching means of said BCDCB,
- and computation means implementing the above mentioned method
whereby optimizing the energy usage of the said BCDCB for the moments when higher power is required.
The BCDC-BMS according to the invention is supplied with means that can control the power supply depending upon the power requested by the vehicle. Any electric switch or similar, that contains power detector, and well known in the art, can be used by the skilled person.
The invention also relates to a Battery System (thereafter the BCDC-BS) comprising at least
1) a Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery as described above,
2) a Battery Management System.
Advantageously, the invention relates to the BCDC-BS defined above, wherein the said first reversible metal electrode is a zinc electrode.
Advantageously, the invention relates to the BCDC-BS defined above, wherein the said second reversible metal electrode is a nickel-oxide electrode.
The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a BCDC-BS as defined above.
Example
In a first embodiment according to the present invention, the Battery is including 800 cells, and is designed for a small e-Car, the model "F-City", from the French constructor la "Française d'Assemblage et de Montage Automobiles" (FAM). The cells are NickelOxide/Zinc/Air cells, 500 grams each, with 30Ah capacity on the Zinc anode, and a 1Ah capacity with the NickelOxide second reversible electrode, for a total of approximately 35Wh practical capacity. The battery system, including its BMS have a total weight of 450 kg, a total capacity of 28 kWh , of which 800 Wh are from the set of nickel-oxide electrode forming second galavanic cells.
The loaded vehicle including the battery, its BMS and the driver, weights approximately 1100 kg.
The kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle is approximately : 1.2 Wh at 10 km/h, 4.7 Wh at 20 km/h, 11 Wh at 30 km/h, 19 Wh at 40 km/h, 30 Wh at 50 km/h, 42 Wh at 60 km/h, 60 Wh at 70 km/h.
Accordingly, the estimated capacity of the second galvanic cells minus the estimated kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle is approximately: 799 Wh at 10 km/h, 795 Wh at 20 km/h, 790 Wh at 30 km/h, 780 Wh at 40 km/h, 770 Wh at 50 km/h, 760 Wh at 60 km/h, 740 Wh at 70 km/h. In this example of embodiment according to the present invention, since the capacity is more than 10 times larger than the kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle at its maximum speed, the BMS can use a fixed value around 650 Wh for the Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge in order to apply the rules of the present invention.

Claims (9)

  1. A method for optimizing the drawing of energy from a Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery (thereafter the BCDCB), said BCDCB being installed on an electric vehicle,
    said method acting according to the following rules :
    considering the power requested by the vehicle and
    comparing the requested power to the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cells
    such that
    (i) when the requested power is above the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cell, the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn only from the set of second galvanic cells, as long as they are not discharged
    (ii) and when the requested power is below or equal to the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cells, the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn from the set of second galvanic cells as long as their charge is not below a “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge”, advantageously around 80% of the estimated capacity of the set of second galvanic cells or computed as the estimated capacity of the second galvanic cells minus the estimated kinetic energy of the loaded vehicle (vehicle + driver + luggage + etc.), and then the cathode switching means are positioned so that the energy is drawn from the set of first galvanic cells until they are discharged, and then eventually draws again from the set of second galvanic cells.
  2. The method according to claim 1, comprising also the rule that when the requested power is below the power output possibility of the set of first galvanic cells, and the total energy of the set of second galvanic cells charge is below the said “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge”, the BCDC-BMS manage to use the additional power still available from set of first galvanic cells to recharge the set of second galvanic cells up to the said computed “Second Galvanic Cells Target Charge” whereby recharging the set of second galvanic cells when spare power is available from the set of first galvanic cells
  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the said first reversible metal electrode is a Zinc electrode.
  4. The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, wherein said second reversible metal electrode is a nickel-oxide electrode.
  5. A Battery Management System for bi-cathode discharging cells Battery (thereafter the BCDC-BMS), characterized in that said BCDC-BMS is comprising :
    - means to monitor the requested power level and the usage history of the bi-cathode discharging cells of a BCDCB,
    - means to position the said cathode switching means of said BCDCB,
    - and computation means implementing the above mentioned method
    whereby optimizing the energy usage of the said BCDCB for the moments when higher power is required.
  6. a Battery System or BCDC-BS comprising at least
    1) a Bi-cathode discharging Cells Battery as defined in anyone of claims 1 to 4,
    2) a Battery Management System, in particular a Battery Management System according to claim 5.
  7. The BCDC-BS according to claim 6, wherein the said first reversible metal electrode is a zinc electrode.
  8. The BCDC-BS according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the said second reversible metal electrode is a Nickel-oxide electrode.
  9. A vehicle comprising a BCDC-BS according to anyone of claims 6 to 8.
PCT/IB2016/052593 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Battery management system for bi-cathode discharging-cells WO2016178185A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562157848P 2015-05-06 2015-05-06
US62/157,848 2015-05-06

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WO2016178185A1 true WO2016178185A1 (en) 2016-11-10

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PCT/IB2016/052593 WO2016178185A1 (en) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Battery management system for bi-cathode discharging-cells
PCT/IB2016/052592 WO2016178184A1 (en) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Partitioned zinc electrode
PCT/IB2016/052595 WO2016178187A1 (en) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Zinc-electrode forming and formatting
PCT/IB2016/052594 WO2016178186A1 (en) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Zinc-air cell with airlift pump

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PCT/IB2016/052595 WO2016178187A1 (en) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Zinc-electrode forming and formatting
PCT/IB2016/052594 WO2016178186A1 (en) 2015-05-06 2016-05-06 Zinc-air cell with airlift pump

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EP3292577A1 (en) 2018-03-14

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