Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
  • A61P33/14—Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to pesticidally active, in particular insecticidally active polycyclic derivatives containing sulfur substituents, to compositions comprising those compounds, and to their use for controlling animal pests, including arthropods and in particular insects or representatives of the order Acarina.
• Heterocyclic compounds with pesticidal action are known and described, for example, in
• the present invention accordingly relates to compounds of formula I,
• Ai is methine, nitrogen or the N-oxide
• Ri is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C C 6 haloalkyl, or C C 6 haloalkyl substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, methoxy and cyano; or
• Ri is C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl, 0(C C 4 haloalkyl), or -C(0)C C 4 haloalkyl; or
• Ri is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl which can be mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano and C C 4 alkyl;
• Xi is nitrogen substituted with R 2 , wherein R 2 is hydrogen, C C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C C alkoxy-C r C alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; or
• Xi is oxygen or sulfur
• Q is a group Qa or Qb
• Za and Zb independently from each other, are a five- to ten-membered monocyclic or fused bicyclic ring system linked via a carbon atom to the ring which contains the 5-membered heterocycle, said ring system can be aromatic, partially saturated or fully saturated and contains 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, with the proviso that each ring system cannot contain more than 2 oxygen atoms and more than 2 sulfur atoms, said five- to ten-membered ring system can be mono- to polysubstituted by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C r C alkyl, C C haloalkyl, C C haloalkoxy, C r C alkoxy, C C alkylsulfanyl, C r C alkylsulfinyl, C C alkylsulfonyl, -C(0)C C alkyl, C C haloalkylsulfany
• Za and Zb are, independently from each other, a five- to six-membered, aromatic, partially saturated or fully saturated ring system linked via a nitrogen atom to the ring which contains the 5-membered heterocycle, said ring system can be mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 alkoxy, C
• ring system contains 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, with the proviso that said ring system cannot contain more than one oxygen atom and more than one sulfur atom; or
• Za and Zb independently from each other, are C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl mono - or
• Za and Zb independently from each other, are C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 2 -C 6 alkenyl mono - or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 - C 6 cycloalkyl and phenyl, wherein said phenyl can be mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 alkoxy, C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl and -C(0)C C 4 haloalkyl; or Za and Zb, independently from each other, are C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, or C
• a 2 is CR 4 or nitrogen
• a 3 is CR 5 or nitrogen
• R 3 is C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl-C C 4 alkyl; or
• R 3 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl-C C 4 alkyl mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano and C r C alkyl; or
• R 3 is C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl;
• R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, or C C 4 alkyl
• R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, or C C 4 alkyl
• X 2 is oxygen or sulfur
• X 3 is oxygen or sulfur
• n 0, 1 or 2;
• Compounds of formula I which have at least one basic centre can form, for example, acid addition salts, for example with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, for example perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, a phosphorus acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as C C alkanecarboxylic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as C C 4 alkane- or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example methan
• Compounds of formula I which have at least one acidic group can form, for example, salts with bases, for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower- alkylamine, for example ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethylpropylamine, or a mono-, di- or trihydroxy- lower-alkylamine, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
• bases for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts
• salts with ammonia or an organic amine such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower- alkylamine, for example ethyl-, diethyl
• alkyl groups occurring in the definitions of the substituents can be straight-chain or branched and are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and their branched isomers.
• Alkylsulfanyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkynyl radicals are derived from the alkyl radicals mentioned.
• the alkenyl and alkynyl groups can be mono- or polyunsaturated.
• C di-alkylamino is dimethylamino.
• Halogen is generally fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. This also applies, correspondingly, to halogen in combination with other meanings, such as haloalkyl or halophenyl.
• Haloalkyl groups preferably have a chain length of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• Haloalkyl is, for example, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 1 ,1 -difluoro-2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2,2,3,3- tetrafluoroethyl and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl.
• Alkoxy is, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy and tert- butoxy and also the isomeric pentyloxy and hexyloxy radicals.
• AlkoxyalkyI is, for example, methoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, n-propoxymethyl, n-propoxyethyl, isopropoxymethyl or isopropoxyethyl.
• Alkoxycarbonyl is for example methoxycarbonyl (which is Cialkoxycarbonyl), ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, n-butoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, n-pentoxycarbonyl or hexoxycarbonyl.
• Alkylsulfanyl is for example methylsulfanyl, ethylsulfanyl, propylsulfanyl, isopropylsulfanyl, butylsulfanyl, pentylsulfanyl, and hexylsulfanyl.
• Alkylsulfinyl is for example methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, isopropylsulfinyl, a butylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl, and hexylsulfinyl.
• Alkylsulfonyl is for example methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl, and hexylsulfonyl.
• Haloalkylsulfanyl is for example trifluoromethylsulfanyl, 2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethylsulfanyl, and
• Haloalkylsulfinyl is for example trifluoromethylsulfinyl, 2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethylsulfinyl, or
• Haloalkylsulfonyl is for example trifluoromethylsulfonyl, 2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl, and
• Cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• examples of a five- to six-membered, aromatic, partially saturated or fully saturated ring system that are linked via a nitrogen atom to the 5-memebered heterocyclic ring are for example, pyrazole, pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyrrolidine-2-one, piperidine, morpholine, imidazole, triazole and pyridine-2-one.
• mono- to polysubstituted in the definition of the substituents, means typically, depending on the chemical structure of the substituents, monosubstituted to seven-times substituted, preferably monosubstituted to five-times substituted, more preferably mono-, double- or triple- substituted.
• the compounds of formula I according to the invention also include hydrates which may be formed during the salt formation.
• a five- to ten-membered monocyclic or fused bicyclic hetero-ring system which can be aromatic, partially saturated or fully saturated and contains 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, with the proviso that each ring system cannot contain more than 2 oxygen atoms and more than 2 sulfur atoms or a three- to ten-membered, monocyclic or fused bicyclic ring system which may be aromatic, partially saturated or fully saturated is, depending of the number of ring members, preferably selected from the group consisting of the following heterocyclic groups:
• pyrrolyl pyrazolyl; isoxazolyl; furanyl; thienyl; imidazolyl; oxazolyl; thiazolyl; isothiazolyl; triazolyl;
• oxadiazolyl thiadiazolyl; tetrazolyl; furyl; pyridyl; pyrimidyl; pyrazinyl; pyridazinyl; triazinyl, pyranyl;
• quinazolinyl isoquinolinyl; indolizinyl; isobenzofuranylnaphthyridinyl; quinoxalinyl; cinnolinyl; phthalazinyl; benzothiazolyl; benzoxazolyl; benzotriazolyl; indazolyl; indolyl; (1 H-pyrrol-1 -yl)-; (1 H-pyrrol-2-yl)-; (1 H- pyrrol-3-yl)-; (1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)-; (1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)-; (3H-pyrazol-3-yl)-; (1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)-; (3- isoxazolyl)-;
• Za and Zb independently from each other, are selected from the grou consisting of J-0 to J-50:
• each group J-0 to J-50 is mono- di- or trisubstituted with Rx, wherein each Rx is, independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 alkoxy, C C 4 alkylsulfanyl, C C 4 alkylsulfinyl, C C 4 alkylsulfonyl, C(0)C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl and
• R XO oi is hydrogen or C C 4 alkyl.
• Ai is methine, nitrogen or the N-oxide
• Ri is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C C 6 haloalkyl, or C C 6 haloalkyl substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, methoxy and cyano; or
• Ri is C r C haloalkylsulfanyl, C C haloalkylsulfinyl, C C haloalkylsulfonyl, 0(C C haloalkyl), or
• Ri is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl which can be mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano and C C 4 alkyl;
• Xi is nitrogen substituted with R 2 , wherein R 2 is hydrogen, C C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C C 4 alkoxy-C C 4 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl; or
• Xi is oxygen or sulfur
• Q is a group Qa or Qb
• Za and Zb independently from each other, are phenyl which can be mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 alkoxy, C
• Za and Zb independently from each other, are a five- to ten-membered monocyclic or fused bicyclic ring system linked via a carbon atom to the ring which contains the 5-membered heterocycle, said ring system can be aromatic, partially saturated or fully saturated and contains 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, with the proviso that each ring system cannot contain more than 2 oxygen atoms and more than 2 sulfur atoms, said five- to ten-membered ring system can be mono- to polysubstituted by substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 alkoxy, C C 4 alkylsulfanyl, C C 4 alkylsulfinyl, C C 4 alkylsulfonyl, -C(0)C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyls
• Za and Zb independently from each other, are C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, or C 2 -C 6 alkenyl mono - or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 - C 6 cycloalkyl and phenyl, wherein said phenyl can be mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 alkoxy, C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl and -C(0)C C 4 haloalkyl; or Za and Zb, independently from each other, are C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, or C
• Za and Zb independently from each other, are C C 6 alkyl, or C C 6 alkyl mono - or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 - C 6 cycloalkyl, tri(C C 4 alkyl)silyl and phenyl, wherein said phenyl can be mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C
• a 2 is CR 4 or nitrogen
• a 3 is CR 5 or nitrogen
• R 3 is C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl-C C 4 alkyl; or
• R 3 is C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl-C r C alkyl mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano and C r C alkyl; or
• R 3 is C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl or C 2 -C 6 alkynyl;
• R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, or C C 4 alkyl
• R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, or C C 4 alkyl
• X 2 is oxygen or sulfur
• X 3 is oxygen or sulfur
• n 0, 1 or 2;
• Embodiment A1 is a first embodiment of the invention.
• a preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula 1-1
• R-i, A 2 , Xi, X 2 , n, and Za are as defined under formula I above;
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i- propyl or cyclopropylmethyl; preferably, Xi is N-methyl, oxygen or sulfur.
• Ri is preferably C C 4 haloalkyl, halogen, C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl or C C 4 haloalkoxy;
• X 2 is preferably sulfur;
• R 3 is preferably ethyl;
• Xi is preferably N-methyl;
• n is preferably 2, and
• a 2 is nitrogen, methine or C-CI;
• Za is selected from the group consisting of J-0 to J-50 as mentioned above, where the arrow represents the point of attachment of the heterocycle to the 5- membered heterocycle.
• Embodiment A2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment A2:
• Another preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula 1-1 a
• a 2 is nitrogen, methine, or C-CI
• R 3 is C r C 4 alkyl
• Ri is C C 4 haloalkyl, or C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl orC
• each Rx is, independently from each other, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 alkoxy, C C 4 alkylsulfanyl, C C 4 alkylsulfinyl, C r C 4 alkylsulfonyl, -C(0)C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C r C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl and -C(0)C C 4 haloalkyl; in particular each Rxis, independently from each other, selected from hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl and C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Embodiment A3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment A3
• Another preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented b the compounds of formula 1-1 a2
• a 2 is nitrogen, methine or C-CI
• Ri is C C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl or C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl, C
• each Rx independently from each other, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C C 4 alkyl, cyano and C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Embodiment A4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment A4
• Another preferred compounds of formula 1-1 a2 are those, in which Za is selected from J-0z1 , J-0z2, J0z3, J-1 , J-5, J-30 and J-43;
• each Rx is, independently from each other, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halogen and C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Embodiment A5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment A5:
• Another group of compounds of formula I are re resented by the compounds of formula 1-1 a3;
• Za is as defined under embodiment A4 and Ri is C r C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C r C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl, C r C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl, or C C 2 haloalkoxy.
• Embodiment A6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment A6
• Another group of compounds of formula I are re resented by the compounds of formula 1-1 a4;
• Za is as defined under embodiment A4 and Ri is C C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl or C C 2 haloalkoxy.
• Embodiment B1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment B1 :
• R-i, A 3 , X-i, X 3 , n, and Zb are as defined under formula I above;
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, propyl or cyclopropylmethyl;
• Xi is N-methyl, oxygen or sulfur.
• Embodiment B2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment B2:
• Another preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula l-2a
• a 3 is nitrogen or methine
• R 3 is C r C 4 alkyl
• Ri is C C 4 haloalkyl, or C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl or C
• each Rx is, independently from each other, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 alkoxy, C C 4 alkylsulfanyl, C
• Embodiment B3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment B3
• a 3 is nitrogen or methine
• Ri is C C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl or C
• each Rx independently from each other, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C C 4 alkyl, cyano and C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Embodiment B4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment B4
• Another preferred compounds of formula l-2a2 are those, in which Zb is selected from J-0z1 , J-0z2, J0z3, J-1 , J-5, J-30 and J-43;
• each Rx is, independently from each other, hydrogen, cyano, halogen or C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Another group of compounds of formula I are represented b the compounds of formula l-2a3;
• Zb is as defined under embodiment B4 and Ri is C C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl or C C 2 haloalkoxy.
• Embodiment B6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment B6
• Another group of compounds of formula I are represented by the compounds of formula l-2a4;
• Zb is as defined under embodiment B4 and Ri is C C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl or C C 2 haloalkoxy.
• Embodiment C1
• a further preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula I-3 wherein R-i, A 2 , Xi, X 2 , n, and Za are as defined under formula I above; R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i- propyl or cyclopropylmethyl; Xi is N-methyl, oxygen or sulfur.
• Ri is preferably C C 4 haloalkyl, halogen, C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl or C C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl, or C C 4 haloalkoxy;
• X 2 is preferably sulfur;
• R 3 is preferably ethyl;
• Xi is preferably N-methyl;
• n is preferably 2, and A 2 is nitrogen or methine.
• Za is preferably selected from the group consisting of J-0 to J-50 as mentioned above (where the arrow represents the point of attachment of the heterocycle to the 5-membered heterocycle).
• Embodiment C2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment C2:
• a further preferred group of com ounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula l-3a
• a 2 is nitrogen or methine
• R 3 is C r C 4 alkyl
• Ri is C C 4 haloalkyl, or C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl or C
• each Rx is, independently from each other, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C C 4 alkyl, C C 4 haloalkyl, C C 4 haloalkoxy, C C 4 alkoxy, C C 4 alkylsulfanyl, C
• Embodiment C3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment C3
• a further preferred group of com ounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula l-3a2
• a 2 is n itrogen or methine
• Ri is C C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl or C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl, C
• each Rx independently from each other, is hydrogen, halogen, C C 4 alkyl or C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Rx is, independently from each other, preferably selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, hydrogen and C C 4 haloalkyl .
• Embodiment C4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment C4
• Za is selected from J-0z1 , J-0z2, J0z3, J-1 , J-5, J-30 and J-43;
• each Rx is, independently from each other, hydrogen, cyano, halogen, or C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Embodiment C5 is, independently from each other, hydrogen, cyano, halogen, or C C 4 haloalkyl.
• a further preferred group of com ounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula l-3a3
• Za is as defined under embodiment C4 and Ri is C C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl or C C 2 haloalkoxy.
• Embodiment C6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment C6
• a further preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula l-3a4
• Za is as defined under embodiment C4 and Ri is C r C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C r C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl or C C 2 haloalkoxy.
• Embodiment D1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment D1 :
• a preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula I-4
• R-i, A 3 , X-i, X 3 , n, and Zb are as defined under formula I above;
• R 3 is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i- propyl orcyclopropylmethyl;
• Xi is N-methyl, oxygen or sulfur.
• a further preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula l-4a
• a 3 is nitrogen or methine
• R 3 is C r C 4 alkyl
• Ri is C r C 4 haloalkyl, or Ci-C 4 haloalkoxy, C C haloalkylsulfanyl, C r C haloalkylsulfinyl orC
• each Rx is, independently from each other, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C Calkyl, C Chaloalkyl, C r C haloalkoxy, C Calkoxy, C r Calkylsulfanyl, C Calkylsulfinyl, C r Calkylsulfonyl, -C(0)C Calkyl, CrChaloalkylsulfanyl, C C haloalkylsulfinyl, C r C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl, or -C(0)C C 4 haloalkyl ; preferably selected from hydrogen, cyano, halogen, C C 4 alkyl and C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Embodiment D3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment D3
• a further preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula l-4a2
• a 3 is n itrogen or methine
• Ri is C C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl or C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl, C
• each Rx independently from each other, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C C 4 alkyl, cyano and C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Embodiment D4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment D4
• Another preferred compounds of formula l-4a2 are those, in which Zb is selected from J-0z1 , J-0z2, J0z3, J-1 , J-5, J-30 and J-43
• each Rx is, independently from each other, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halogen and C C 4 haloalkyl.
• Embodiment D5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment D5:
• a further preferred group of com ounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula l-4a3
• Zb is as defined under embodiment D4 and Ri is C C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl or C C 2 haloalkoxy.
• Embodiment D6 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment D6
• a further preferred group of compounds of formula I is represented by the compounds of formula l-4a4
• Zb is as defined under embodiment D4 and Ri is C r C 2 haloalkyl, C C 2 haloalkylsulfanyl, C r C 2 haloalkylsulfinyl, C r C 2 haloalkylsulfonyl or C C 2 haloalkoxy.
• Embodiment E1
• R-i is preferably C r C 2 haloalkyl.
• Embodiment E2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment E2:
• Ri is C r C 2 haloalkyl
• Ai is methine
• Xi is nitrogen substituted with methyl
• n 2;
• R 3 is ethyl
• X 2 is sulfur
• a 2 is CR 4 or nitrogen
• R 4 is hydrogen or halogen
• Za is halogen, phenyl which can be substituted by C C haloalkyl, or Za is pyrimidine or pyrazolyl which can be substituted by C C haloalkyl.
• the reaction can be catalyzed by a palladium based catalyst, for example ieira/ /s(triphenylphosphine)-palladium or (1 ,1 'bis(diphenylphosphino)- ferrocene)dichloropalladium-dichloromethane (1 :1 complex), in presence of a base, like sodium carbonate or cesium fluoride, in a solvent or a solvent mixture, like, for example a mixture of 1 ,2- dimethoxyethane and water, or of dioxane and water, preferably under an inert atmosphere.
• the reaction temperature can preferentially range from ambient temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture.
• Suzuki reactions are well known to those skilled in the art and have been reviewed, for example J. Orgmet. Chem. 576, 1999, 147-168.
• compounds of formula la can be prepared by a Stille reaction of compounds of formula 111 to ⁇ wherein Y b2 is a trialkyl tin derivative, preferably tri-n-butyl tin, with compounds of formula lla (Scheme 1
• Such Stille reactions are usually carried out in the presence of a palladium catalyst, for example ieira/ /s(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or (1 ,1 'bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene)dichloropalladium- dichloromethane (1 :1 complex), in an inert solvent such as DMF, acetonitrile, or dioxane, optionally in the presence of an additive, such as cesium fluoride, or lithium chloride, and optionally in the presence of a further catalyst, for example copper(l)iodide.
• a palladium catalyst for example ieira/ /s(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or (1 ,1 'bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene)dichloropalladium- dichloromethane (1 :1 complex
• an inert solvent such as DMF, acetonitrile, or dioxan
• heterocycle Za which contains an appropriate NH functionality
• a base for example an alkaline metal hydride such as sodium hydride, or an alkali metal carbonate, for example cesium or potassium carbonate
• a copper catalyst for example copper (I) iodide in an inert solvent such as N-methyl pyrollidione or DMF at temperatures between 30-150 C, optionally in the presence of a diamine ligand, such as ⁇ , ⁇ '- dimethylethane-1 ,2-diamine methane.
• compounds of formula laa can be prepared from compounds of formula lla, wherein A-i , A 2 , Ri , R3, ⁇ , X2 , Xbi and n are as previously defined, by reaction of the heterocycle Za (which contains a an appropriate NH functionality), in the presence of a base, for example an alkaline metal hydride such as sodium hydride, or an alkali metal carbonate, for example cesium or potassium carbonate, in an appropriate solvent such as N-methyl pyrollidione or DMF at temperatures between 30-150°C.
• a base for example an alkaline metal hydride such as sodium hydride, or an alkali metal carbonate, for example cesium or potassium carbonate
• an appropriate solvent such as N-methyl pyrollidione or DMF
• Solvent e.g. DMF or NMP
• compounds of formula lab wherein A-i , R-i , and Xi defined in formula I, and Q is a group Qb and wherein the group Zb in Qb is a nitrogen bearing heterocyclic system, can be prepared from compounds of formula lib, wherein A-i , A 3 , R-i , R 3 , X-i , X 3 and n are as defined in formula I, and Xbi is a leaving group such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, or an aryl- or alkylsulfonate such as
• Solvent e.g. DMF or NMP
• Compounds of formula I, respectively la, can also be prepared (as depicted in scheme 5) by a Suzuki reaction as described above, which involves reacting compounds of formula IVa with compounds of formula Va, wherein X b 2 can be a halogen, preferentially chlorine, bromine or iodine, or a sulfonate, like for example a trifluoromethanesulfonate and Y 3 can be a boron-derived functional group, as for example B(OH) 2 or B(OR 2 ) 2 wherein R 2 can be a C C 4 alkyl group or the two groups OR b2 can form together with the boron atom a five membered ring, as for example a pinacol boronic ester.
• X b 2 can be a halogen, preferentially chlorine, bromine or iodine, or a sulfonate, like for example a trifluoromethanesulfonate
• Y 3 can be
• A-i, A 2 , Xi , X 2 , Ri , R3, and n are as described in formula I.
• the reaction can be catalyzed by a palladium based catalyst, for example ieira/ /s(triphenylphosphine)- palladium, in presence of a base, like sodium carbonate, in a solvent or a solvent mixture, like, for example a mixture of 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane and water, preferably under inert atmosphere.
• the reaction temperature can preferentially range ambient temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture.
• compounds of formula la can be prepared by a Stille coupling (scheme 5) of compounds of formula Va with compounds of formula Via, wherein A-i , A 2 , Xi, X 2 , Ri , R3, and n are as described above, and Y 4 is a trialkyl tin derivative, preferably tri-n-butyl tin, under conditions described as in scheme 1 .
• compounds of formula I can be prepared by a Suzuki reaction between a compound of formula IVb, wherein X-i, X 3 , Ai,A 3 , R-i, R 3 and n are as described in formula I, with compounds of formula Vb, wherein X 2 can be a halogen, preferentially chlorine, bromine or iodine, or a sulfonate, like for example a trifluoromethanesulfonate and Y 3 can be a boron-derived functional group, as for example B(OH) 2 or B(OR 2 ) 2 wherein R 2 can be a C C 4 alkyl group or the two groups OR 2 can form together with the boron atom a five membered ring, as for example a pinacol
• compounds of formula I can be prepared by a Stille coupling (Scheme 6) of compounds of formula Vb with compounds of formula Vlb, wherein A-i, A 3 , X-i , X 3 , R-i, R 3 , and n are as described above, and Y 4 is a trialkyl tin derivative, preferably tri-n-butyl tin, under conditions described as in scheme 1 .
• Scheme 6 The reactions are summarized in scheme 6.
• Compounds of the formula IXa and/or Xa and IXb and/or Xb, or a salt thereof, may be prepared (scheme 8 and scheme 9) by; i) activation of compound of formula Vila or Vllb, by methods known to those skilled in the art and described in, for example, Tetrahedron, 2005, 61 (46), 10827-10852, to form an activated species Vllba or Vllaa, wherein X 0 i is halogen, preferably chlorine.
• compounds Vllaa or Vllba where X 0 i is halogen, preferably chlorine, are formed by treatment of Vila or Vllb with, for example, oxalyl chloride (COCI) 2 or thionyl chloride SOCI 2 in the presence of catalytic quantities of ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide (DMF) in inert solvents such as methylene chloride or tetrahydrofurane at temperatures between 20 to 100°C, preferably 25°C.
• COCI oxalyl chloride
• SOCI 2 thionyl chloride SOCI 2
• catalytic quantities of ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide (DMF) in inert solvents such as methylene chloride or tetrahydrofurane at temperatures between 20 to 100°C, preferably 25°C.
• Compounds of formula Xa and/or IXa and Xb and/or IXb may further be converted into compounds of formula la and lb (schemes 8 and 9), by dehydration, e.g. by heating the compounds IXa and/or Xa and IXb and/or Xb in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as for example methane sulfonic acid, or para- toluene sulfonic acid (TsOH), in an inert solvent such as N-methyl pyrrolidine at temperatures between 25-180°C, preferably 100-170°C, optionally under microwave conditions, or by heating in acetic acid at temperatures between 100-180°C.
• an acid catalyst such as for example methane sulfonic acid, or para- toluene sulfonic acid (TsOH)
• an inert solvent such as N-methyl pyrrolidine at temperatures between 25-180°C, preferably 100-170°C, optionally under microwave conditions, or by heating in
• compounds of formula Vila and Vllb can be converted to Xia and Xlb, by methods known to those skilled in the art.
• Compounds of formula Xia or Xlb are then treated with ammonia in a suitable solvent, for example methanol or ethanol, to give the amides of formula Xlla or Xllb.
• a suitable solvent for example methanol or ethanol
• Such an amide nitrogen heteroarylation reaction typically runs under transition metal-catalysed C-N bond formation conditions involving a catalytic system (such as for example [1 ,1 -bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium(ll)), usually composed of a metal, such as a palladium source (for example palladium(O) precursors like Pd 2 (dibenzylideneacetone) 3 , or palladium(ll) precursors like Pd(OAc) 2 ) and a ligand (for example phosphine-based or N-heterocyclic carbene-based), a base, such as alkoxides (for example sodium or potassium tert-butoxide), carbonates, phosphates or silyl amides (for example potassium or cesium carbonate, potassium phosphate, or lithium hexamethyl disilazane) or hydroxides (for example sodium or potassium hydroxide), and solvents such as toluen
• Compounds of the formula XVIa, and/or XVIIa and XVIb, and/or XVIIb or a salt thereof may be prepared (scheme 1 1 and scheme 12) by; i) activation of compound of formula XVb or XVa, by methods known to those skilled in the art and described in schemes 8 and 9, to form an activated species XVaa or XVba, wherein X 0 i is halogen, preferably chlorine.
• compounds XVaa or XVba where X 0 i is halogen, preferably chlorine, are formed by treatment of XVa or XVb with, for example, oxalyl chloride (COCI) 2 or thionyl chloride SOCI 2 in the presence of catalytic quantities of N.N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in inert solvents such as methylene chloride or tetrahydrofurane at temperatures between 20 to 100°C, preferably 25°C.
• COCI oxalyl chloride
• SOCI 2 thionyl chloride SOCI 2
• catalytic quantities of N.N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in inert solvents such as methylene chloride or tetrahydrofurane at temperatures between 20 to 100°C, preferably 25°C.
• Compounds of formula XVIa and/or XVIIa and XVIb and/or XVIIb may further be converted into compounds of formula lc and Id, respectively (schemes 11 and 12), wherein Xb 3 is a leaving group such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, by dehydration, e.g.
• Xb 3 is a leaving group like, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, or an aryl- or alkylsulfonate, but many other leaving groups could be considered (for example N0 2 ).
• the reaction can be performed in a solvent, preferably aprotic, at temperatures below 0°C or up to boiling temperature of the reaction mixture.
• Compounds of formula and la and lb, wherein the substituents are described as in formula I, and n is 1 or 2 can be prepared by oxidation of compounds of formula lc and Id.
• the reaction can be performed with reagents like, for example, a peracid such as peracetic acid or m- chloroperbenzoic acid, or a hydroperoxide, such as for example, hydrogen peroxide or tert- butylhydroperoxide, or an inorganic oxidant, like a monoperoxo-disulfate salt or potassium permanganate.
• reagents like, for example, a peracid such as peracetic acid or m- chloroperbenzoic acid, or a hydroperoxide, such as for example, hydrogen peroxide or tert- butylhydroperoxide, or an inorganic oxidant, like a monoperoxo-disulfate salt or potassium permanganate.
• reagents like, for example, a peracid such as peracetic acid or m- chloroperbenzoic acid, or a hydroperoxide, such as for example, hydrogen peroxide or tert- butylhydr
• Q is Qa la
• Q is Qa Vllb
• Q is Qb
• Aprotic polar solvent e.g. DMF, CH3CN or NMP
• Rf is C2-thioalkylsulphanyl
• R 1 is C 1 -C 2 haloalkyl
• R 1 is S-C C 2 haloalkyl
• R 1 is S(0)n-C.,-C 2 haloalkyl
• the latter may be converted into compounds of formula lla by dehydration, e.g. by heating the compounds XlXa and/or XXa in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as for example methane sulfonic acid, or para-toluene sulfonic acid (TsOH), in an inert solvent such as N-methyl pyrrolidine at temperatures between 25-180°C, preferably 100-170°C, optionally under microwave conditions, or by heating in acetic acid at temperatures between 100-180°C.
• an acid catalyst such as for example methane sulfonic acid, or para-toluene sulfonic acid (TsOH)
• an inert solvent such as N-methyl pyrrolidine
• Compounds of formula XXII can be converted to the esters of formula XXIII, by treatment of the activated species XXIIo with an alcohol R 01 OH, wherein R 0 i is C1 -C4alkyl, in the presence of a base, for example triethylamine ot pryridine, optionally in the presence of a solvent, such as methylene chloride or tetrahydrofurane. Activation of acids is known to those skilled in the art and has been previously described here for example in scheme 11 .
• Compounds of formula XXIII can be deprotonated with a strong base, such as lithiumdiisopropylamide, in an inert solvent such as ether or tetrahydrofurane, at temperatures between -78 °C to rt, and the anion formed quenched with an electrophilic halogen source such as bromine, carbon tetrabromide and the like, to give compounds of formula XXIVaa, wherein A 2 and X 2 are as described under formula I.
• a strong base such as lithiumdiisopropylamide
• an inert solvent such as ether or tetrahydrofurane
• Compounds of formula XXIVaa can be hydrolyzed by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example with an alkaline earth metal base such as lithium hydroxide, in a mixture of water and a water miscible solvent such as THF or acetone to give compounds of formula XVIIIaa.
• compounds of formula XXIVaa can be first oxidized to compounds of formula XXIVab (sulfoxides) or XXIVac (sulfones), and these then in turn hydrolyzed to compounds of formula XVIIlab (sulfoxides) or XVIIIac (sulfones), respectively.
• Compounds Vllab can be prepared by a Suzuki reaction, which involves for example, reacting compounds of formula XXIVa, XXIVb, or XXIVc (preferably XXIVc), wherein Xbi is a leaving group like, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine, with compounds of formula Illa1 , wherein Y b i can be a boron-derived functional group, as for example B(OH) 2 or B(OR b i )2 wherein R b1 can be a C C 4 alkyl group or the two groups OR b1 can form together with the boron atom a five membered ring, as for example a pinacol boronic ester.
• the reaction can be catalyzed by a palladium based catalyst, for example ieira/ /s(triphenylphosphine)-palladium or (1 ,1 'bis(diphenylphosphino)- ferrocene)dichloropalladium-dichloromethane (1 :1 complex), in presence of a base, like sodium carbonate or cesium fluoride, in a solvent or a solvent mixture, like, for example a mixture of 1 ,2- dimethoxyethane and water or of dioxane and water, preferably under inert atmosphere.
• the reaction temperature can preferentially range from ambient temperature to the boiling point of the reaction mixture.
• Suzuki reactions are well known to those skilled in the art and have been reviewed, for example J. Orgmet. Chem. 576, 1999, 147-168.
• Such Stille reactions are usually carried out in the presence of a palladium catalyst, for example teira/ /s(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or (1 ,1 'bis(diphenylphosphino)- ferrocene)dichloropalladium-dichloromethane (1 :1 complex), in an inert solvent such as DMF, acetonitrile, or dioxane, optionally in the presence of an additive, such as cesium fluoride, or lithium chloride, and optionally in the presence of a further catalyst, for example copper(l)iodide.
• a palladium catalyst for example teira/ /s(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), or (1 ,1 'bis(diphenylphosphino)- ferrocene)dichloropalladium-dichloromethane (1 :1 complex
• an inert solvent such as DMF, acetonitrile, or
• a compound of formula XXV wherein Xb 3 and Xbi are as previously defined, can be reacted with a boronic acid, or boronate ester of formula Illa1 under Suzuki conditions, or with a compound of formula 1Mb under Stille conditions, as previously described in for example scheme 1 , to give compounds of formula XXVI, wherein A 2 , X2, and Za are as described in formula I, and Xb 3 . is a leaving group such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• Compounds of formula XXVI can be deprotonated with a strong base, such as lithiumdiisopropylamide, in an inert solvent such as ether or tetrahydrofurane, at temperatures between -78 °C to rt, and the anion formed quenched with carbon dioxide to give carboxylic acids of formula XVa, wherein A 2 and X 2 , and Za are as described under formula I.
• a strong base such as lithiumdiisopropylamide
• an inert solvent such as ether or tetrahydrofurane
• the anion can be quenched with an electrophile of formula XXVII, wherein Xb 5 is a leaving group, such as halogen or methoxy, R 0 i is C C 4 alkyl in an inert solvent such as ether or tetrahydrofurane, at temperatures between -78 °C - ambient temperature, to give compounds of formula XVab, where the substituents are as previously described.
• Compounds of formula XVa can be used directly as intermediates in the synthesis of compounds of formula I, or converted to compounds of formula Vila by treatment with M 0 SR 3 and subsequent oxidation as previously described.
• compounds of formula Vllb can be obtained in similar manner to those described in schemes 15, 16 and 17 for compounds of formula Vila.
• a large number of compounds of the formula Va and Vb are commercially available or can be prepared by those skilled in the art. Many chemical transformations, also well known by those skilled in the art, can be used to access boronic acid derivatives of formula Illa1 , starting from various and easily available starting materials, as for example, to cite only a few (scheme 18), hydrogen abstraction on a heteroaromatic compound of the formula Va wherein Xb2 is hydrogen, with a strong base (step A), like butyl lithium or lithium diisopropylamide or (i-PrMgCI.
• Compounds of formula IVa wherein A-i , X-i , A 2 , X2, Ri , R3, and n are as described in formula I, can be prepared from compounds of formula lla (scheme 19), wherein A-i , Xi , A 2 , X2, Ri , R3, and n are as described in formula I.
• compounds of formula lla, wherein Xbi is chlorine, bromine or iodine can be treated with an organometallic species like, for example, butyl lithium or an organomagnesium compound, to generate an intermediate compound of the formula IVaa, wherein Wb 3 is as defined in the scheme, via metal-halogen exchange .
• This reaction is preferentially performed in an anhydrous aprotic solvent, such as THF, at low temperature (between -120°C and 0°C), preferentially between -1 10°C and -60°C).
• the intermediate organometal compound of formula IVaa is preferably directly converted into compound of formula IVa by reaction with a boronate compound B(OR 2 ) 3 , wherein R b 2 is a C C 4 alkyl group.
• the boronic acid IVa wherein Yb 3 is -B(OH) 2
• a dialkyl boronate IV wherein Yb 3 is -B(OR b2 ) 2
• compounds of formula IVb can be prepared from compounds of formula lib in exactly the same manner.
• Ri is halogen, preferably bromine
• Xi is NR 2a
• R 2a is C C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 - C 6 alkynyl, Ci-C 4 alkoxy-CrC 4 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl
• Compounds of formula XXX can be converted to compounds of formula XXXI by treatment with a compound of formula R 2a -NH 2 , wherein R 2a is C C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 - C 6 alkynyl, Ci-C 4 alkoxy-Ci-C 4 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• R 2a is C C 4 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 - C 6 alkynyl, Ci-C 4 alkoxy-Ci-C 4 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl.
• the reaction is generally conducted in the presence of a solvent, such as THF, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether, and 1 ,4-dioxane;
• the compound of formula VIII wherein X-i is SH can be produced by reacting a compound of formula XXX (scheme 23) with a sulfating agent.
• a sulfating agent to be used in the reaction include sodium sulfide, sodium sulfide 9- hydrate, and thiourea.
• the reaction may be conducted in the presence of a base.
• the base to be used in the reaction include inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and tripotassium phosphate; and organic bases, for example triethylamine.
• the reaction is generally conducted in the presence of a solvent.
• Examples of the solvent to be used in the reaction include water; alcohols such as methanol and ethanol; ethers such as THF, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tert- butylmethyl ether, and 1 ,4-dioxane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; nitriles such as acetonitrile; aprotic polar solvents such as DMF, NMP, and DMSO; carboxyl ic acids such as acetic acid; and mixtures thereof. Similar reactions have been described in the literature (see WO 2010/055004). Reduction of the nitro group in compound XXXV as described in scheme 21 leads to compounds of formula VIII03.
• compounds of formula VIII wherein Xi is OH can be prepared from compounds of formula XXX by treatment with aqueous base such as sodium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide, under conditions known to those skilled in the art.
• aqueous base such as sodium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide
• the nitro group in compounds XXXVI can then be reduced yield compounds of formula VI II04 using for example Fe in acetic acid or hydrochloric acid, as described in scheme 21 .
• the reactants can be reacted in the presence of a base.
• suitable bases are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal amides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkoxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal dialkylamides or alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkylsilylamides, alkylamines, alkylenediamines, free or N-alkylated saturated or unsaturated cycloalkylamines, basic heterocycles, ammonium hydroxides and carbocyclic amines.
• Examples which may be mentioned are sodium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium amide, sodium methoxide, sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydride, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, calcium hydride, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylenediamine, cyclohexylamine, N-cyclohexyl- N,N-dimethylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -diethylaniline, pyridine, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, quinuclidine, N- methylmorpholine, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU).
• the reactants can be reacted with each other as such, i.e. without adding a solvent or diluent. In most cases, however, it is advantageous to add an inert solvent or diluent or a mixture of these. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, bases which are employed in excess, such as triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine or ⁇ , ⁇ -diethylaniline, may also act as solvents or diluents.
• the reaction is advantageously carried out in a temperature range from approximately -80°C to approximately +140°C, preferably from approximately -30°C to approximately +100°C, in many cases in the range between ambient temperature and approximately +80°C.
• a compound of formula I can be converted in a manner known per se into another compound of formula I by replacing one or more substituents of the starting compound of formula I in the customary manner by (an)other substituent(s) according to the invention.
• Salts of compounds of formula I can be prepared in a manner known per se.
• acid addition salts of compounds of formula I are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
• Salts of compounds of formula I can be converted in the customary manner into the free compounds I, acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic compound or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
• Salts of compounds of formula I can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts of compounds of formula I, acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, for example by treatment of a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride with a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt, of an acid, for example with silver acetate, in a suitable solvent in which an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride, is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture.
• a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride
• a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt
• the compounds of formula I which have salt- forming properties, can be obtained in free form or in the form of salts.
• Diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures of compounds of formula I, in free form or in salt form, which can be obtained depending on which starting materials and procedures have been chosen can be separated in a known manner into the pure diasteromers or racemates on the basis of the
• Enantiomer mixtures such as racemates, which can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl cellulose, with the aid of suitable microorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilized enzymes, via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, where only one enantiomer is complexed, or by conversion into diastereomeric salts, for example by reacting a basic end-product racemate with an optically active acid, such as a carboxylic acid, for example camphor, tartaric or malic acid, or sulfonic acid, for example camphorsulfonic acid, and separating the diastereomer mixture which can be obtained in this manner, for example by fractional crystallization based on their differing solubilities, to give the di
• Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention not only by separating suitable isomer mixtures, but also by generally known methods of diastereoselective or enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention with starting materials of a suitable stereochemistry.
• N-oxides can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula I with a suitable oxidizing agent, for example the H 2 0 2 /urea adduct in the presence of an acid anhydride, e.g. trifluoroacetic anhydride.
• a suitable oxidizing agent for example the H 2 0 2 /urea adduct
• an acid anhydride e.g. trifluoroacetic anhydride
• the compounds of formula I and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can, if appropriate, also be obtained in the form of hydrates and/or include other solvents, for example those which may have been used for the crystallization of compounds which are present in solid form.
• Table X This table discloses the 42 substituent designations X.001 to X.042 for the formulae (laa), (lab), (lac), (lad), (lae) and (laf) which are disclosed after Table X.
• the arrow denotes the point of attachment of the substituent to the 5 membered heterocycle.
• n 0, and Ri is CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• compound 1.004 has the followin structure:
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 2.001 to 2.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 2, and Ri is CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 3.001 to 3.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 0, and Ri is CF 2 CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 4.001 to 4.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 2, and Ri is CF 2 CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 5.001 to 5.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 0, and Ri is OCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 6.001 to 6.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 2, and Ri is OCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 7.001 to 7.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 0, and Ri is SCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 8.001 to 8.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 2, and Ri is SCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 9.001 to 9.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 0, and Ri is SOCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 10.001 to 10.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 2, and Ri is SOCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 12.001 to 12.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 2, and Ri is S0 2 CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 13.001 to 13.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 0, and Ri is Br, R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 14.001 to 14.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 2, and Ri is Br, R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• n 0, and Ri is CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is CI and Za is as defined in line X.004 in table X.
• This table discloses 1 compound 16.001 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 2, and Ri is CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is CI and Za is as defined in line X.004 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 17.001 to 17.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 0, and Ri is CF 2 CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, R 4 is hydrogen and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 18.001 to 18.042 of the formula (laa) wherein n is 2, and R-
• compound 19.017 has the following structure:
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 20.001 to 20.042 of the formula (lab) wherein n is 2, and Ri is CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 21 .001 to 21 .042 of the formula (lab) wherein n is 0, and Ri is CF 2 CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 22.001 to 22.042 of the formula (lab) wherein n is 2, and Ri is CF 2 CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 23.001 to 23.042 of the formula (lab) wherein n is 0, and Ri is SCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001-X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 24.001 to 24.042 of the formula (lab) wherein n is 2, and Ri is SCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001-X.042 in table X.
• compound 25.021 has the following structure:
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 26.001 to 26.042 of the formula (lac) wherein n is 2, and Ri is CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 27.001 to 27.042 of the formula (lac) wherein n is 0, and Ri is CF 2 CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 28.001 to 28.042 of the formula (lac) wherein n is 2, and Ri is CF 2 CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 29.001 to 29.042 of the formula (lac) wherein n is 0, and Ri is SCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001-X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 30.001 to 30.042 of the formula (lac) wherein n is 2, and Ri is SCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001-X.042 in table X.
• compound 31 .016 has the following structure:
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 32.001 to 32.042 of the formula (lad) wherein n is 2, Ri is CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 33.001 to 33.042 of the formula (lad) wherein n is 0, Ri is SCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 34.001 to 34.042 of the formula (lad) wherein n is 2, Ri is SCF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• compound 35.024 has the following structure:
• Table 36 This table discloses the 42 compounds 36.001 to 36.042 of the formula (lae) wherein n is 2, Ri is CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• compound 37.007 has the following structure:
• This table discloses the 42 compounds 38.001 to 38.042 of the formula (laf) wherein n is 2, Ri is CF 3 , R 3 is ethyl, and Zx is as defined in lines X.001 -X.042 in table X.
• the compounds of formula I according to the invention are preventively and/or curatively valuable active ingredients in the field of pest control, even at low rates of application, which have a very favourable biocidal spectrum and are well tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish and plants.
• the active ingredients according to the invention act against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but also resistant, animal pests, such as insects or representatives of the order Acarina.
• the insecticidal or acaricidal activity of the active ingredients according to the invention can manifest itself directly, i. e. in destruction of the pests, which takes place either immediately or only after some time has elapsed, for example during ecdysis, or indirectly, for example in a reduced oviposition and/or hatching rate.
• Acarina for example, Acalitus spp, Aculus spp, Acaricalus spp, Aceria spp, Acarus siro, Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophi- lus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia spp, Calipitrimerus spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides spp, Eotetranychus spp, Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp, Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Olygonychus spp, Ornithodoros spp., Polyphagotarsone latus, Panonychus spp.,
• Haematopinus spp. Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.;
• Agriotes spp. Amphimallon majale, Anomala orientalis, Anthonomus spp., Aphodius spp, Astylus atromaculatus, Ataenius spp, Atomaria linearis, Chaetocnema tibialis, Cerotoma spp, Conoderus spp, Cosmopolites spp., Cotinis nitida, Curculio spp., Cyclocephala spp, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Diloboderus abderus, Epilachna spp., Eremnus spp., Heteronychus arator, Hypothenemus hampei, Lagria vilosa, Leptinotarsa decemLineata, Lissorhoptrus spp., Liogenys spp, Maecolaspis spp, Maladera castanea, Megas
• Aleurocanthus spp Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Aleyrodes brassicae, Amarasca biguttula, Amritodus atkinsoni, Aonidiella spp., Aphididae, Aphis spp., Aspidiotus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli, Bemisia spp, Brachycaudus spp, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp, Cavariella aegopodii Scop., Ceroplaster spp., Chrysomphalus aonidium, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Cicadella spp, Cofana spectra, Cryptomyzus spp, Cicadulina spp, Coccus hesperidum, Dalbulus maidis, Dialeurodes spp, Diaphorin
• Coptotermes spp Corniternes cumulans, Incisitermes spp, Macrotermes spp, Mastotermes spp, Microtermes spp, Reticulitermes spp.; Solenopsis geminate
• Blatta spp. Blattella spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Neocurtilla hexadactyla, Periplaneta spp. , Scapteriscus spp, and Schistocerca spp.;
• Thysanura for example, Lepisma saccharina.
• the active ingredients according to the invention can be used for controlling, i. e. containing or destroying, pests of the abovementioned type which occur in particular on plants, especially on useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests.
• Suitable target crops are, in particular, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pomaceous fruit, stone fruit or soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous crops, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor, cocoa or ground nuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or bell peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and also tobacco, nuts,
• the active ingredients according to the invention are especially suitable for controlling Aphis craccivora, Diabrotica balteata, Heliothis virescens, Myzus persicae, Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera littoralis in cotton, vegetable, maize, rice and soya crops.
• the active ingredients according to the invention are further especially suitable for controlling Mamestra (preferably in vegetables), Cydia pomonella (preferably in apples), Empoasca(preferably in vegetables, vineyards), Leptinotarsa (preferably in potatos) and Chilo supressalis (preferably in rice).
• the invention may also relate to a method of controlling damage to plant and parts thereof by plant parasitic nematodes (Endoparasitic-, Semiendoparasitic- and Ectoparasitic nematodes), especially plant parasitic nematodes such as root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne arenaria and other Meloidogyne species; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and other Globodera species; Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina species; Stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides species; Sting nematodes, Belonolai
• Heliocotylenchus multicinctus and other Helicotylenchus species Sheath and sheathoid nematodes, Hem ycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species; Hirshmanniella species; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus species; false rootknot nematodes, Nacobbus species; Needle nematodes, Longidorus elongatus and other Longidorus species; Pin nematodes, Pratylenchus species; Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi and other Pratylenchus species; Burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; Reniform nematodes, Rotylenchus robustus, Rotylenchus reniformis and other Rotylenchus species
• the compounds of the invention may also have activity against the molluscs.
• examples of which include, for example, Ampullariidae; Arion (A. ater, A. circumscriptus, A. hortensis, A. rufus);
• Bradybaenidae (Bradybaena fruticum); Cepaea (C. hortensis, C. Nemoralis); ochlodina; Deroceras (D. agrestis, D. empiricorum, D. laeve, D. reticulatum); Discus (D. rotundatus); Euomphalia; Galba (G.
• Helicelia H. itala, H. obvia
• Helicidae Helicigona arbustorum Helicodiscus
• Helix H.
• Limax L. cinereoniger, L. flavus, L. marginatus, L. maximus, L. tenellus
• Lymnaea Milax (M. gagates, M. marginatus, M. sowerbyi); Opeas; Pomacea (P. canaticulata); Vallonia and Zanitoides.
• crops is to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.
• Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as ⁇ -endotoxins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, Cryl F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), e.g. Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A; or insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp.
• insecticidal proteins for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popilliae
• Bacillus thuringiensis such as ⁇ -endotoxins, e.g. CrylAb, CrylAc, Cryl F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab,
• Xenorhabdus spp. such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus
• toxins produced by animals such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins
• toxins produced by fungi such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins;
• agglutinins agglutinins
• proteinase inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors
• ribosome-inactivating proteins RIP
• steroid metabolism enzymes such as 3-hydroxysteroidoxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glycosyl- transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors, HMG-COA-reductase, ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels, juvenile hormone esterase, diuretic hormone receptors, stilbene synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases and glucanases.
• proteinase inhibitors such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors
• RIP ribosome-inactivating proteins
• steroid metabolism enzymes such as 3-hydroxy
• ⁇ -endotoxins for example CrylAb, CrylAc, Cryl F, Cry1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb1 or Cry9C, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), for example Vip1 , Vip2, Vip3 or Vip3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins.
• Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02/15701 ).
• Truncated toxins for example a truncated CrylAb, are known.
• modified toxins one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced.
• amino acid replacements preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin , such as, for example, in the case of Cry3A055, a cathepsin-G-recognition sequence is inserted into a Cry3A toxin (see WO 03/018810).
• Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO 03/052073.
• Cryl-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 367 474, EP-A-0 401 979 and WO 90/13651 .
• the toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects.
• insects can occur in any taxonomb group of insects, but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and moths (Lepidoptera).
• Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available. Examples of such plants are: YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Ab toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Ab and a Cry3Bb1 toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9C toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a Cry1 Fa2 toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1 Ac toxin);
• Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1 Ac toxin);
• Bollgard II® (cotton variety that expresses a Cry1 Ac and a Cry2Ab toxin);
• VipCot® (cotton variety that expresses a Vip3A and a CrylAb toxin);
• NewLeaf® (potato variety that expresses a Cry3A toxin); NatureGard®, Agrisure® GT Advantage (GA21 glyphosate-tolerant trait), Agrisure® CB Advantage (Bt1 1 corn borer (CB) trait) and Protecta®.
• transgenic crops are:
• MIR604 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Maize which has been rendered insect-resistant by transgenic expression of a modified Cry3A toxin. This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-G- protease recognition sequence. The preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 03/018810.
• MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1 150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a Cry3Bb1 toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects.
• NK603 x MON 810 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1 150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/GB/02/M3/03. Consists of conventionally bred hybrid maize varieties by crossing the genetically modified varieties NK603 and MON 810.
• NK603 ⁇ MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a Cry1 Ab toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European com borer.
• Crops may also be modified for enhanced resistance to fungal (for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora), bacterial (for example Pseudomonas) or viral (for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus) pathogens. Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cyst nematode.
• fungal for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora
• bacterial for example Pseudomonas
• viral for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus pathogens.
• Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cyst nematode.
• Crops that are tolerance to abiotic stress include those that have enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, high temperature, chill, frost, or light radiation, for example through expression of NF-YB or other proteins known in the art.
• Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1 , KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so-called "pathogenesis- related proteins" (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1 , KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; the so-called "pathogenesis- related proteins" (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by PRPs; see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225; antipathogenic substances produced by
• microorganisms for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g. WO 95/33818) or protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defence (so-called “plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO 03/000906).
• compositions according to the invention are the protection of stored goods and store ambients and the protection of raw materials, such as wood, textiles, floor coverings or buildings, and also in the hygiene sector, especially the protection of humans, domestic animals and productive livestock against pests of the mentioned type.
• the present invention also provides a method for controlling pests (such as mosquitoes and other disease vectors; see also http://www.who.int malaria/vector_control/irs/en/).
• the method for controlling pests comprises applying the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus or to a surface or substrate by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping.
• an IRS (indoor residual spraying) application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention.
• a substrate such as non-woven or a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents.
• the method for controlling such pests comprises applying a pesticidally effective amount of the compositions of the invention to the target pests, to their locus, or to a surface or substrate so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface or substrate.
• Such application may be made by brushing, rolling, spraying, spreading or dipping the pesticidal composition of the invention.
• an IRS application of a surface such as a wall, ceiling or floor surface is contemplated by the method of the invention so as to provide effective residual pesticidal activity on the surface.
• a substrate such as a fabric material in the form of (or which can be used in the manufacture of) netting, clothing, bedding, curtains and tents.
• Substrates including non-woven, fabrics or netting to be treated may be made of natural fibres such as cotton, raffia, jute, flax, sisal, hessian, or wool, or synthetic fibres such as polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile or the like.
• the polyesters are particularly suitable.
• compositions according to the invention are the field of tree injection/trunk treatment for all ornamental trees as well all sort of fruit and nut trees.
• the compounds according to the present invention are especially suitable against wood-boring insects from the order Lepidoptera as mentioned above and from the order Coleoptera, especially against woodborers listed in the following tables A and B:
• Agrilus sayi Bayberry, Sweetfern
• Phloeotribus liminaris Peach, Cherry, Plum, Black cherry, Elm,
• the present invention may be also used to control any insect pests that may be present in turfgrass, including for example beetles, caterpillars, fire ants, ground pearls, millipedes, sow bugs, mites, mole crickets, scales, mealybugs ticks, spittlebugs, southern chinch bugs and white grubs.
• the present invention may be used to control insect pests at various stages of their life cycle, including eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults.
• the present invention may be used to control insect pests that feed on the roots of turfgrass including white grubs (such as Cyclocephala spp. (e.g. masked chafer, C. lurida), Rhizotrogus spp. (e.g. European chafer, R. majalis), Cotinus spp. (e.g. Green June beetle, C. nitida), Popillia spp. (e.g.
• white grubs such as Cyclocephala spp. (e.g. masked chafer, C. lurida), Rhizotrogus spp. (e.g. European chafer, R. majalis), Cotinus spp. (e.g. Green June beetle, C. nitida), Popillia spp. (e.g.
• the present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that are thatch dwelling, including armyworms (such as fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, and common armyworm
• the present invention may also be used to control insect pests of turfgrass that live above the ground and feed on the turfgrass leaves, including chinch bugs (such as southern chinch bugs, Blissus insularis), Bermudagrass mite (Eriophyes cynodoniensis) , rhodesgrass mealybug (Antonina graminis), two-lined spittlebug (Propsapia bicincta), leafhoppers, cutworms (Noctuidae family), and greenbugs.
• chinch bugs such as southern chinch bugs, Blissus insularis
• Bermudagrass mite Eriophyes cynodoniensis
• rhodesgrass mealybug Antonina graminis
• two-lined spittlebug Propsapia bicincta
• leafhoppers cutworms (Noctuidae family)
• greenbugs include chinch bugs (such as southern chinch bugs, Blissus in
• the present invention may also be used to control other pests of turfgrass such as red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) that create ant mounds in turf.
• red imported fire ants Solenopsis invicta
• compositions according to the invention are active against ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas.
• ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas.
• Anoplurida Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp. and Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp..
• Mallophagida Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp., Trichodectes spp. and Felicola spp..
• Nematocerina and Brachycerina for example Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp.,
• Philipomyia spp. Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena spp. and Melophagus spp..
• Siphonaptrida for example Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp.,
• Heteropterida for example Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp..
• Actinedida Prostigmata
• Acaridida Acaridida
• Acarapis spp. Cheyletiella spp., Ornitrocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergatesspp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp. and Laminosioptes spp..
• compositions according to the invention are also suitable for protecting against insect infestation in the case of materials such as wood, textiles, plastics, adhesives, glues, paints, paper and card, leather, floor coverings and buildings.
• compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, against the following pests: beetles such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinuspecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthesrugicollis, Xyleborus spec.Tryptodendron spec, Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec, and Dinoderus minutus, and also hymenopterans such as Sirexjuvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus and U
• the invention therefore also relates to pesticidal compositions such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, microemulsions, oil dispersibles, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules or encapsulations in polymeric substances, which comprise - at least - one of the active ingredients according to the invention and which are to be selected to suit the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances.
• pesticidal compositions such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, microemulsions, oil dispersibles, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules or encapsulations in polymeric substances, which comprise - at least - one of the active ingredients according to the invention and which are to be selected to
• the active ingredient is employed in pure form, a solid active ingredient for example in a specific particle size, or, preferably, together with - at least - one of the auxiliaries conventionally used in the art of formulation, such as extenders, for example solvents or solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds (surfactants).
• auxiliaries conventionally used in the art of formulation, such as extenders, for example solvents or solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds (surfactants).
• suitable solvents are: unhydrogenated or partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions C 8 to C K of alkyl benzenes, such as xylene mixtures, alkylated naphthalenes or tetrahydronaphthalene, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as paraffins or cyclohexane, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, glycols and their ethers and esters such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol ether, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ketones, such as cyclohexanone, isophorone or diacetone alcohol, strongly polar solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolid-2-one, dimethyl sulfoxide or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide, water, unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils, such as unexpodized or
• Solid carriers which are used for example for dusts and dispersible powders are, as a rule, ground natural minerals such as calcite, talc, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite.
• ground natural minerals such as calcite, talc, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite.
• highly disperse silicas or highly disperse absorbtive polymers are also possible to add highly disperse silicas or highly disperse absorbtive polymers.
• Suitable adsorptive carriers for granules are porous types, such as pumbe, brick grit, sepiolite or bentonite, and suitable non- sorptive carrier materials are calcite or sand.
• a large number of granulated materials of inorganic or organic nature can be used, in particular dolomite or comminuted plant residues.
• Suitable surface-active compounds are, depending on the type of the active ingredient to be formulated, non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants or surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties.
• the surfactants mentioned below are only to be considered as examples; a large number of further surfactants which are conventionally used in the art of formulation and suitable according to the invention are described in the relevant literature.
• Suitable non-ionic surfactants are, especially, polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids or of alkyl phenols which may contain approximately 3 to approximately 30 glycol ether groups and approximately 8 to approximately 20 carbon atoms in the (cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or approximately 6 to approximately 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety of the alkyl phenols.
• polypropylene glycol ethylenediaminopolypropylene glycol or alkyl polypropylene glycol having 1 to approximately 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and approximately 20 to approximately 250 ethylene glycol ether groups and approximately 10 to approximately 100 propylene glycol ether groups.
• the abovementioned compounds contain 1 to approximately 5 ethylene glycol units per propylene glycol unit.
• fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate.
• the cationic surfactants are, especially, quarternary ammonium salts which generally have at least one alkyl radical of approximately 8 to approximately 22 C atoms as substituents and as further substituents (unhalogenated or halogenated) lower alkyl or hydroxyalkyl or benzyl radicals.
• the salts are preferably in the form of halides, methylsulfates or ethylsulfates. Examples are stearyltrimethylammonium chloride and benzylbis(2-chloroethyl)ethylammonium bromide.
• suitable anionic surfactants are water-soluble soaps or water-soluble synthetic surface- active compounds.
• soaps are the alkali, alkaline earth or (unsubstituted or substituted) ammonium salts of fatty acids having approximately 10 to approximately 22 C atoms, such as the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures which are obtainable for example from coconut or tall oil; mention must also be made of the fatty acid methyl taurates.
• synthetic surfactants are used more frequently, in particular fatty sulfonates, fatty sulfates, sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives or alkylaryl sulfonates.
• the fatty sulfonates and fatty sulfates are present as alkali, alkaline earth or (substituted or unsubstituted) ammonium salts and they generally have an alkyl radical of approximately 8 to approximately 22 C atoms, alkyl also to be understood as including the alkyl moiety of acyl radicals; examples which may be mentioned are the sodium or calcium salts of lignosulfonic acid, of the dodecylsulfuric ester or of a fatty alcohol sulfate mixture prepared from natural fatty acids. This group also includes the salts of the sulfuric esters and sulfonic acids of fatty alcohol/ethylene oxide adducts.
• the sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 2 sulfonyl groups and a fatty acid radical of approximately 8 to approximately 22 C atoms.
• alkylarylsulfonates are the sodium, calcium or triethanolammonium salts of decylbenzenesulfonic acid, of dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid or of a naphthalenesulfonic
• phosphates such as salts of the phosphoric ester of a p-nonylphenol/(4-14)ethylene oxide adduct, or phospholipids.
• the compositions comprise 0.1 to 99%, especially 0.1 to 95%, of active ingredient and 1 to 99.9%, especially 5 to 99.9%, of at least one solid or liquid adjuvant, it being possible as a rule for 0 to 25%, especially 0.1 to 20%, of the composition to be surfactants(% in each case meaning percent by weight).
• the end consumer as a rule uses dilute compositions which have substantially lower concentrations of active ingredient.
• a pre-mix formulation for foliar application comprises 0.1 to 99.9 %, especially 1 to 95 %, of the desired ingredients, and 99.9 to 0.1 %, especially 99 to 5 %, of a solid or liquid adjuvant (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50 %, especially 0.5 to 40 %, based on the pre-mix formulation.
• a solid or liquid adjuvant including, for example, a solvent such as water
• a tank-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.25 to 80%, especially 1 to 75 %, of the desired ingredients, and 99.75 to 20 %, especially 99 to 25 %, of a solid or liquid auxiliaries (including, for example, a solvent such as water), where the auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 40 %, especially 0.5 to 30 %, based on the tank-mix formulation.
• auxiliaries including, for example, a solvent such as water
• a pre-mix formulation for seed treatment application comprises 0.5 to 99.9 %, especially 1 to 95 %, of the desired ingredients, and 99.5 to 0.1 %, especially 99 to 5 %, of a solid or liquid adjuvant
• auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50 %, especially 0.5 to 40 %, based on the pre-mix formulation.
• the end user will normally employ dilute formulations (e.g., tank mix composition).
• Preferred seed treatment pre-mix formulations are aqueous suspension concentrates.
• the formulation can be applied to the seeds using conventional treating techniques and machines, such as fluidized bed techniques, the roller mill method, rotostatic seed treaters, and drum coaters. Other methods, such as spouted beds may also be useful.
• the seeds may be presized before coating. After coating, the seeds are typically dried and then transferred to a sizing machine for sizing. Such procedures are known in the art.
• the pre-mix compositions of the invention contain 0.5 to 99.9 especially 1 to 95,
• auxiliaries can be a surfactant in an amount of 0 to 50, especially 0.5 to 40 %, by mass based on the mass of the pre-mix formulation.
• foliar formulation types for pre-mix compositions are:
• WP wettable powders
• WG water dispersable granules (powders)
• EW emulsions, oil in water
• SE aqueous suspo-emulsion.
• examples of seed treatment formulation types for pre-mix compositions are:
• WS wettable powders for seed treatment slurry
• WG water dispersible granules
• CS aqueous capsule suspension.
• compositions suitable for tank-mix compositions are solutions, dilute emulsions, suspensions, or a mixture thereof, and dusts.
• Preferred compositions are composed in particular as follows (%
• Emulsifiable concentrates are:
• active ingredient 1 to 95%, preferably 5 to 20%
• surfactant 1 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20 %
• active ingredient 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 1 %
• solid carrier 99.9 to 90%, preferably 99.9 to 99%
• active ingredient 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50%
• surfactant 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30%
• active ingredient 0.5 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%
• surfactant 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15%
• solid carrier 5 to 99%, preferably 15 to 98%
• active ingredient 0.5 to 30%, preferably 3 to 15%
• Mpt means melting point in °C. Free radicals represent alkyl groups. H NMR and 9 F NMR measurements were recorded on a Brucker 400MHz spectrometer, chemical shifts are given in ppm relevant to a TMS standard. Spectra measured in deuterated solvents as indicated.
• Spectra were recorded on a Mass Spectrometer from Waters (SQD, SQDII or ZQ Single quadrupole mass spectrometer) equipped with an electrospray source (Polarity: positive or negative ions, Capillary: 3.00 kV, Cone range: 30-60 V, Extractor: 2.00 V, Source Temperature: 150°C, Desolvation Temperature: 350°C, Cone Gas Flow: 0 L/Hr, Desolvation Gas Flow: 650 L/Hr, Mass range: 100 to 900 Da) and an Acquity UPLC from Waters: Binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector. Solvent degasser, binary pump, heated column compartment and diode-array detector.
• Example H-1 Preparation of 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2-thienyl1-3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridine (Compound 2.007, example P-1 , table P):
• Step A preparation of 3-ethylsulfanylthiophene-2-carboxylic acid
• Diazomethane (30mL, 15mmol, 0.5mol/L in diethyl ether) was added to a solution of compound 3- ethylsulfanylthiophene-2-carboxylic acid (1 .88g, 10mmol) in diethyl ether (50mL) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours and poured into dilute hydrochloric acid, and extracted three times with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the title product.
• Step C preparation of methyl 3-ethylsulfanyl-5-iodo-thiophene-2-carboxylate:
• Step E Preparation of 2-(3-ethylsulfanyl-5-iodo-2-thienyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyridine (compound 1-12, table I):
• Oxalyl chloride (762mg, 6mmol) was added to a solution of 3-ethylsulfanyl-5-iodo-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (628mg, 2mmol) in 10mL of dichloromethane and stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The excess oxalyl chloride and dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure to give 3-ethylsulfanyl- 5-iodo-thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride:.
• Step F preparation of 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-5-iodo-2-thienyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyridine (compound 1-1 , table I):
• Step G preparation of 2-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl1-2-thienyl1-3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridine (Compound 2.007, example P-1 , table P): (Compound 2.007, example P-1 , table P)
• Example H-2 Preparation of 2-[3-ethylsulfanyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl1-2-thienyl1-3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridine (Compound 1 .017, example P-3, table P):
• Example H-4 preparation of 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-thienyl1-3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridine (Compound 1 .004, example P-6, table P):
• Step B Preparation of 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid:
• Step C preparation of 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-thienyl1-3-methyl- 6(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridine (Compound 1 .004, example P-6, table P):
• Oxalyl chloride (380mg, 3mmol) was added to a solution of 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-thiophene- 2-carboxylic acid (298mg, 1 mmol) in 10mL of dichloromethane. After the addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16h. The excess oxalyl chloride and dichloromethane was removed in vacuo to give the crude product (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-thiophene-2-carbonyl chloride) in almost quantitative yield which was directly used for the next step without further purification.
• H NMR 400 MHz, CDCI 3 ): ⁇ 1 .45 (s, 3H), 3.11 (q, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1 H), 7.42 (d, 2H), 7.57 (d, 2H).
• Example H-6 Preparation of 2-[4-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-thienyl1-3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridine (Compound 15.001 , example P-7, table P):
• the acid chloride was dissolved in in 20mL of toluene and treated with /V 3 -methyl-6-(trifluoro methyl)pyridine-3,4-diamine (191 mg, 1 mmol, prepared as described in WO 2015/000715) and the mixture was refluxed for 48h under nitrogen.. The mixture was then poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel to give the title product as a white solid
• Step A preparation of 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole
• Step B Preparation of 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole-5-carboxylic acid:
• Step C preparation of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-ethylsulfanyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyrid in-2-yllth iazole :
• Oxalyl chloride (762mg, 6mmol) was added to a mixture of 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole-5- carboxylic acid (632mg, 2mmol) in 10mL of dichloromethane and stirring was continued at ambient temperature for 16h. The excess oxalyl chloride and dichloromethane was removed in vacuo to give crude 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole-5-carbonyl chloride.
• This acid chloride (672mg, 2mmol) was dissolved in 20mL of toluene and treated with /V 3 -methyl-6-
• Step D preparation of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-ethylsulfanyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyrid in-2-vHth iazole (Compound 19.004, example P-25, table P):
• Example H-9 Preparation of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-ethylsulfonyl-5-[3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridin-2-yl1thiazole (Compound 20.004, example P-4, table P):
• Example H-10 Preparation of 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-5-pyrimidin-2-yl-2-thienyl)-3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridine (compound 8.016, example P-16 table P)
• Step A N-methyl-4-nitro-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)pyridin-3-amine
• Step C Preparation of 3-ethylsulfanyl-5-iodo-N-[5-(methylamino)-2-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)-4 pyridvHthiophene-2-carboxamide
• Step E Preparation of 2-(3-ethylsulfanyl-5-iodo-2-thienyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyridine (example 1-7 table I)
• Step F Preparation of 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-5-iodo-2-thienyl)-3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)im clpyridine (example 1-8 table I))
• Step G Preparation of 2-(3-ethylsulfonyl-5-pyrimidin-2-yl-2-thienyl)-3-methyl-6- (trifluoromethylsulfanyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridine (compound 8.016, example P-16 table P)
• Example H-11 Preparation of 6-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-thienyl1-7-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridazine (compound 25.004, example P-17 table P)
• Step A Preparation of 3-chloro-6-iodopyridazine: Hydroiodic acid (250mL) was added to a mixture of 3, 6-dichloropyridazine (149g, 1 mol CAS:[135034-10- 5]) and Nal (180g, 1 .2mol) in 500mL of CHCI 3 . After the addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 24h, and poured into water and extracted with dichloromethane three times. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 3- chloro-6-iodopyridazine. H-NMR (400Mz, DMSO-d 6 ) ⁇ : 7.63 (d, 1 H), 8.16 (d, 1 H).
• Step B Preparation of 3-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine:
• Step D Preparation of 4-bromo-N-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-amine:
• Step E Preparation of N 3 -methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazine-3,4-diamine:
• Step F Preparation of 6-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-ethylsulfanyl-2-thienyl1-7-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridazine (compound 25.004, example P-17 table P)
• Example H-13 Preparation of 4-ethylsulfonyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridin-2-yl1-2- [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1 -yllthiazole (Compound 20.017, example P-10, table P) (Compound 20.017, example P-10, table P)
• Step A Preparation of 2-bromo-4-ethylsulfanyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridin-2- yllthiazole (Compound 1-5, table I)
• Oxalyl chloride (380 mg, 3 mmol) was added to a mixture of 2-bromo-4-ethylsulfanyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (267 mg, 1 mmol) in 10 mL of dichloromethane and stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Then, the excess of oxalyl chloride and dichloromethane was removed under reduced pressure. The crude 2- bromo-4-ethylsulfanyl-thiazole-5-carbonyl chloride was directly used for the next step without further purification.
• Step B Preparation of 2-bromo-4-ethylsulfonyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridin-2- yllthiazole (Compound 1-4, table I)
• Step C Preparation of 4-ethylsulfonyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridin-2-yl1-2-[3-
• Example H-14 Preparation of 4-ethylsulfonyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridin-2-yl1-2- pyrimidin-2-yl-thiazole (Compound 20.016, example P-9, table P)
• Example H-15 Preparation of 2-cvclopropyl-4-ethylsulfonyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyridin-2-yl1thiazole (Compound 20.021 , example P-13, table P)
• Step A Preparation of methyl 4-bromo-2-cvclopropyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate
• methyl 2,4-dibromothiazole-5-carboxylate (3 g, 10 mmol), Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (1 .16 g, 1 mmol), K 2 C0 3 (2.76 g, 20 mmol) and cyclopropyl boron ic acid (1 .03 g, 12 mmol) were dissolved in 50 ml of 1 ,4-dioxane. After the addition, the mixture was refluxed for 16 h. Then, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.
• Step C Preparation of compound 4-bromo-2-cyclopropyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyrid in-2-yllth iazole
• the crude obtained was added to a mixture of N 3 -methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3,4-diamine (105 mg, 0.55 mmol) in 20 imL of PhMe and the mixture was reflux for 72 h. Then, the mixture was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound.
• Step D Preparation of compound 2-cvclopropyl-4-ethylsulfanyl-5-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyridin-2-yl1thiazole (Compound 19.021 , example P-14, table P)
• Example H-16 Preparation of 6-[3-ethylsulfonyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1 -yl1-2-thienyl1-7-methyl-3-
• Step A Preparation of 6-(3-ethylsulfanyl-5-iodo-2-thienyl)-7-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyridazine
• Example 17 Preparation of 5-ethylsulfonyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridin-2-yl1-2- pyrimidin-2-yl-thiazole (Compound 32.016, example P-23, table P)
• Step A Preparation of ethyl 5-ethylsulfanylthiazole-4-carboxylate
• Step D Preparation of 2-bromo-5-ethylsulfanyl-thiazole-4-carbonyl chloride
• Step E Preparation of 2-bromo-5-ethylsulfanyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridin-2- yllthiazole
• Step F Preparation of 2-bromo-5-ethylsulfonyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyri yllthiazole (Compound 1-9, table I)
• Step G Preparation of 5-ethylsulfonyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5-clpyridin-2-yl1-2- pyrimidin-2-yl-thiazole (Compound 32.016, example P-23, table P)
• Example H-18 Preparation of 2-cvclopropyl-5-ethylsulfonyl-4-[3-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[4,5- clpyridin-2-yl1thiazole (Compound 32.021 , example P-22, table P)

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• 2016
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