WO2016167041A1 - Motor driving device - Google Patents
Motor driving device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016167041A1 WO2016167041A1 PCT/JP2016/056562 JP2016056562W WO2016167041A1 WO 2016167041 A1 WO2016167041 A1 WO 2016167041A1 JP 2016056562 W JP2016056562 W JP 2016056562W WO 2016167041 A1 WO2016167041 A1 WO 2016167041A1
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- voltage
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- motor
- converter
- power supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/50—Reduction of harmonics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a motor driving device that converts the voltage of an AC power source into a DC voltage, converts the DC voltage into an AC voltage having a predetermined frequency, and outputs the AC voltage as motor driving power.
- a motor drive device that converts a voltage of an AC power source into a DC voltage by a converter, converts the DC voltage to an AC voltage having a predetermined frequency by an inverter, and outputs the AC voltage as motor driving power.
- This motor drive device is connected to a power receiving facility (also referred to as a cubicle).
- the power receiving facility converts the voltage of the commercial three-phase AC power source into a voltage suitable for the operation of a device such as a motor drive device.
- limiting the outflow amount of the harmonic current to a commercial three-phase alternating current power supply is set to the power receiving equipment. The size of this regulation value corresponds to the power receiving capacity of the power receiving facility.
- a harmonic suppression device such as a multi-pulse rectifier
- a step-up PWM converter (PMW: Pulse Width Modulation) is employed as the converter of the motor drive device, and the amount of harmonic current generated is suppressed by switching control of the PWM converter.
- harmonic suppression devices are expensive. Further, since the PWM converter has a large power loss due to switching, there is a problem in that when the PWM converter is employed, the power conversion efficiency is lowered. Further, the regulation value varies depending on the capacity of the power receiving facility and various loads connected to the same power receiving facility. If the motor drive device is connected to a power receiving facility with a small capacity, or if there is another device with an inverter device that cannot control harmonics with a large load capacity connected to the same power receiving facility, the motor drive device It is desirable to reduce as much as possible the harmonics generated from the.
- An object of the present embodiment is to provide a motor drive device that can control the generation of harmonics according to the situation of the power receiving equipment and the like without causing an increase in cost and a decrease in power conversion efficiency as much as possible.
- the motor drive device includes a converter that performs full-wave rectification of the voltage of an AC power supply and converts the voltage into DC, or boosts the voltage by switching and converts the voltage into DC voltage, and converts the output voltage of the converter into an AC voltage.
- An inverter for supplying a voltage to the motor, a harmonic current detecting means for detecting a harmonic current flowing out from the converter, a mode switching means capable of setting the first mode and the second mode, and a first mode switch means.
- the converter When the mode is set, the converter always boosts the motor during the operation of the inverter, and when the mode switching means is set to the second mode, the harmonic current detected by the harmonic current detecting means is detected.
- control means of the motor drive device includes power supply voltage detection means for detecting the voltage value of the AC power supply in order to set the voltage value boosted by the converter.
- the motor drive device includes a converter that performs full-wave rectification DC conversion of the voltage of the AC power supply or boosts the DC power by switching, and converts the output voltage of the converter into an AC voltage.
- An inverter for supplying a voltage to the motor, a power supply voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage value of the AC power supply, and a voltage value boosted by the converter during operation of the motor by the inverter according to the detected voltage of the power supply voltage detecting means.
- Control means for setting.
- the voltage value boosted by the converter of the motor drive device is a value in the vicinity of ⁇ 2 times the effective value of the AC power supply voltage.
- the voltage value boosted by the converter of the motor drive device according to the present embodiment is in the range of 98% to 102%, which is ⁇ 2 times the effective value of the AC power supply voltage.
- the converter of the motor drive device according to the present embodiment is a PWM converter having a switching element that is intermittently turned on by a PWM signal having a predetermined period that is pulse width modulated.
- the AC power supply of the motor drive device according to the present embodiment is a commercial three-phase AC power supply.
- a motor drive device that can control the generation of harmonics in accordance with the situation of a power receiving facility or the like without causing an increase in cost and a decrease in power conversion efficiency as much as possible.
- the block diagram which shows the structure of one Embodiment.
- the figure (graph) which shows the relation between the power supply voltage in one embodiment, the output voltage of a converter, and a harmonic current.
- movement) between the motor rotation speed at the time of the 2nd mode setting which concerns on one Embodiment, and the output voltage of a converter The block diagram which shows the characteristic part in the modification of one Embodiment.
- a power receiving facility 2 is connected to a three-phase AC power source 1, and the motor driving device 3 of the present embodiment is connected to the power receiving facility 2.
- a DC motor for example, a brushless DC motor (motor) 5 is connected to the output end of the motor driving device 3.
- the power receiving facility 2 is set with a regulation value for limiting the amount of harmonic current that flows to the three-phase AC power source 1 side.
- the size of the regulation value is proportional to the power receiving capacity of the power receiving facility 2 and increases as the power receiving capacity increases.
- the brushless DC motor 5 drives equipment such as a compressor of a heat pump heat source machine.
- the brushless DC motor 5 includes a stator (armature) 5a having a plurality of phase windings Lu, Lv, Lw, and a rotor (rotor) 5b in which a plurality of, for example, four pole permanent magnets are embedded.
- the rotor 5b rotates by the interaction between the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the phase windings Lu, Lv, and Lw and the magnetic field created by each permanent magnet of the stator 5a.
- the motor driving device 3 includes a PWM converter (converter) 10, a smoothing capacitor 30, an inverter 40, and a controller (MCU: “Micro Control Unit”) 70.
- the phase windings Lu, Lv, Lw of the brushless DC motor 5 are connected to the output terminal of the inverter 40.
- the PWM converter 10 includes reactors 11, 12, and 13, a bridge circuit of diodes 21a to 26a connected to the three-phase AC power source 1 through the reactors 11, 12, and 13 (and the power receiving facility 2), and the diodes 21a to 21a.
- 26a includes switching elements such as IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) 21 to 26 connected in parallel.
- the PWM converter 10 converts the voltage of the three-phase AC power source 1 into a boosted voltage and a DC voltage by switching (intermittently ON) the IGBTs 21 to 26 using the three-phase sine wave modulation method.
- the booster voltage is varied by the converter control unit 72 (described later) adjusting the on / off duty of the IGBTs 21 to 26 in synchronization with the phase of the power supply current. Further, the PWM converter 10 performs full-wave rectification of the voltage of the three-phase AC power supply 1 using the diodes 21a to 26a when the switching of the IGBTs 21 to 26 is stopped. The output voltage of the PWM converter 10 is applied to the smoothing capacitor 30.
- the diodes 21a to 26a are regenerative diodes for the IGBTs 21 to 26.
- the inverter 40 connects IGBTs 41 and 42 in series, and U-phase series circuits, IGBTs 43 and 44, in which the interconnection points of the IGBTs 41 and 42 are connected to the phase winding Lu of the brushless DC motor 5.
- the V-phase series circuit in which the interconnection point 44 is connected to the phase winding Lv of the brushless DC motor 5 and the IGBTs 45 and 46 are connected in series, and the interconnection point of the IGBTs 45 and 46 is the phase winding of the brushless DC motor 5.
- a series circuit for W phase connected to Lw is included.
- the inverter 40 converts the output voltage (voltage of the smoothing capacitor 30) Vc of the PWM converter 10 into a three-phase AC voltage having a predetermined frequency by switching of each IGBT, and outputs it from an interconnection point of each IGBT.
- regeneration diodes (free wheel diodes) 41a to 46a are connected in reverse parallel to the IGBTs 41 to 46.
- Current sensors 51, 52, and 53 for detecting motor current are disposed in the current path between the output terminal of the inverter 40 and the brushless DC motor 5.
- Current sensors 61, 62, and 63 for detecting input current are disposed in the energization path between the power receiving facility 2 and the reactors 11, 12, and 13. The detection results of these current sensors 61, 62, 63 are supplied to the controller 70.
- current sensors 61, 62, and 63 are provided for each phase, but current sensors are provided only for two of the three phases, and the current value of the remaining one phase is calculated from the current values of the two phases. You may do it.
- current sensors 51, 52, and 53 for detecting motor current current sensors are provided only in two of the three phases, and the current value of the remaining one phase is calculated by calculation from the current values of the two phases. Also good.
- one shunt resistor may be provided on the DC line, and each phase current of the brushless DC motor 5 may be detected based on a combination with the energization timing of the inverter 40.
- the controller 70 functions as a control unit that controls the operations of the converter 10 and the inverter 40 described above.
- the controller 70 includes a DC voltage detection unit (DC voltage detection unit) 71, a converter control unit (control unit) 72, an inverter control unit (inverter control unit) 73, a harmonic current detection unit (harmonic current detection unit) 75, a limit A value setting section (limit value setting means) 76, a boost value setting section (boost value setting means) 77, a power supply voltage detection section (power supply voltage detection means) 78, a power supply current value storage section (power supply current value storage means) 79, and An upper limit rotational speed storage unit (upper limit rotational speed storage means) 89 is included.
- the controller 70 receives a motor rotational speed command value (target of the motor 5) for designating an on / off instruction of the motor driving device 3 and a rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 being turned on as an operation control command from the outside. Number of rotations) Ns is input.
- the motor rotation speed command value Ns is supplied to a converter control unit 72 that controls the converter 10 and an inverter control unit 73 that controls the inverter 40.
- these instructions / commands are sent to the controller 70 from a higher-order controller, for example, an air conditioner if it is an air conditioner.
- the three-phase power supply line of the three-phase AC power supply 1 through the power receiving facility 2 is input to the power supply voltage detection unit 78.
- the power supply voltage detector 78 detects a power supply voltage value (effective value) Vp (hereinafter referred to as a power supply voltage Vp) of the three-phase AC power supply 1.
- Vp a power supply voltage value of the three-phase AC power supply 1.
- the “three-phase AC power source 1” means a three-phase AC power source supplied to the motor driving device 10, and in this embodiment, the AC power source after passing through the power receiving facility 2.
- the power supply voltage Vp means an input voltage for the motor drive device 3.
- the power supply voltage Vp detected by the power supply voltage detection unit 78 is input to the boost value setting unit 77 and used for setting a target value of the boost voltage of the PWM converter 10 in the boost value setting unit 77 described later.
- the DC voltage detector 71 connected to the output of the PWM converter 10 detects an output voltage value Vc (hereinafter referred to as an output voltage Vc) of the PWM converter 10.
- the output voltage Vc detected by the DC voltage detection unit 71 is supplied to the converter control unit 72 and the inverter control unit 73.
- the inverter control unit 73 uses this data for sensorless vector control for driving the brushless DC motor 5.
- the mode switching unit (mode switching unit) 88 is connected to the converter control unit 72.
- the mode switching unit 88 includes a dip switch that can manually switch between two positions.
- a user or an equipment contractor can switch between the first mode that always reduces harmonics and the second mode that reduces harmonics when necessary by changing the position of the switch of the mode switching unit 88 by manual operation.
- the mode switching unit 88 may be configured to be capable of switching between the first mode and the second mode by communication from the outside instead of being manually operated.
- the user or the equipment contractor checks the power receiving equipment 2 to which the motor driving device 10 is connected and other loads connected to the power receiving equipment 2, and the harmonic current as much as possible.
- the mode switching unit 88 is set to the first mode.
- the user or the equipment supplier sets the mode switching unit 88 to the second mode. As will be described later, the efficiency of the motor drive device 10 is higher in the second mode than in the first mode.
- the converter control unit 72 boosts the converter 10 so as to always reduce the harmonic current while the motor 5 is being driven.
- converter control unit 72 performs on / off control of the boosting operation of converter 10 according to the situation. Further, when the converter 10 performs a step-up operation, the converter control unit 72 receives the detection currents of the current sensors 61, 62, and 63 and the output voltage Vc detected by the voltage detection unit 71, and the output voltage Vc is a target value. The switching of the IGBTs 21 to 26 of the PWM converter 10 is controlled so that
- the harmonic current detection unit 75 calculates the harmonic current value of the order required for control by expanding the Fourier current series of the detected current changes of the current sensors 61, 62, and 63 and supplies it to the converter control unit 72. Since the fifth harmonic current is generally the largest and the allowable range for the regulation value is small, the harmonic current detection means 75 calculates the fifth harmonic as a representative. Immediately after the harmonic current detected by the harmonic current detection unit 75 exceeds the regulation value and the step-up operation of the PWM converter 10 is performed, the converter control unit 72 sets the power supply current value to the power supply current value storage unit 79. Issue a command to memorize. The power supply current value storage unit 79 stores and holds the power supply current value Ip (hereinafter referred to as a current storage value Ip) at that time.
- Ip power supply current value
- the power supply current value storage unit 79 releases the storage of the power supply current value when the boosting operation is canceled during operation in the second mode or when the switching operation of the PWM converter 10 is stopped due to operation stop or the like (reset). )
- the harmonic current detection means 75 and the power supply current value storage unit 79 function only when the second mode is set in the mode switching unit 88, and are not used when the first mode is set.
- the converter control unit 72 includes data of ON / OFF duty (duty) D of the energization waveform supplied from the inverter control unit 73 to the motor 5 and data of the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 driven by the inverter 40 (Data (described later) required for controlling the PWM converter 10 is received.
- the inverter control unit 73 estimates the rotor position and the rotational speed N (also referred to as rotational speed) of the brushless DC motor 5 based on the detection results of the current sensors 51, 52, 53, and the estimated rotational speed N is the target rotational speed Ns.
- sensorless vector control for controlling the on / off duty of the IGBTs 41 to 46 in the inverter 40 is performed. That is, the inverter control unit 73 decreases the output voltage of the inverter 40 by decreasing the duty D in the low speed operation region, and increases the duty D in the medium speed operation region to the high speed operation region to increase the output voltage of the inverter 40. Increase control.
- the inverter control unit 73 When the duty D reaches the upper limit of control, that is, the full duty, the inverter control unit 73 further performs brushless DC control by field weakening control that injects a negative field component current ⁇ Id to further increase the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5.
- the energization timing with respect to the rotor position of the motor 5 is accelerated (the advance angle ⁇ is increased). Thereby, a current flows into the brushless DC motor 5 so as to overcome the counter electromotive force in the brushless DC motor 5, and the rotation speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 increases.
- the harmonic current detection unit 75 outputs the harmonic current Ih flowing out from the PWM converter 10 to the power receiving facility 2 (and the commercial three-phase AC power supply 1) based on the detection results of the current sensors 61, 62, and 63. To detect. The detected currents of the current sensors 61, 62, 63 are also used for switching control of the PWM converter.
- Limit value setting unit 76 stores harmonic current limit value Ihs for limiting the amount of harmonic current Ih flowing from PWM converter 10 to power receiving facility 2 (and commercial three-phase AC power supply 1). The value is supplied to the converter control unit 72. This limit value Ihs is assigned within the range of the regulation value set for the power receiving facility 2. Limit value Ihs is variably set in limit value setting unit 76 in accordance with an external command. This external command may be input using communication, or may be manually set by an equipment supplier at the time of installation. This limit value setting unit 76 also functions only when the second mode is set by the mode switching unit 88, and is not used when the first mode is set.
- the boosted value setting unit 77 receives the power supply voltage (effective value) Vp of the three-phase AC power supply 1 detected by the power supply voltage detection unit 78.
- Boost value setting unit 77 calculates and sets first voltage value Vc1 and second voltage value Vc2 (Vc1 ⁇ Vc2), which are target values for boosting of PWM converter 10, based on power supply voltage Vp, and converter control unit 72. To supply.
- the first voltage value Vc1 and the second voltage value Vc2 that are target values for the boosting are desirable voltage values for reducing harmonics and reducing loss.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show the characteristics of the harmonic current Ih that flows out from the PWM converter 10 that performs step-up operation using the three-phase sine wave modulation method to the power receiving equipment 2 (and the three-phase AC power source 1).
- the output (boost) voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is changed while the motor load L of the inverter 40 is constant in two states of 190 V and 200 V as the power supply voltage Vp of the AC power supply.
- FIG. 3 shows a change in the harmonic current Ih when the motor load is changed with the power supply voltage Vp of the AC power supply being constant.
- the harmonic current Ih decreases as the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 increases, and the output voltage Vc decreases most around 280 V. After that, it starts to increase. Thereafter, the harmonic current Ih increases as the output voltage Vc increases, the harmonic current Ih once peaks when the output voltage Vc is near 294 V, and then starts decreasing again as the output voltage Vc increases. Thereafter, the harmonic current Ih decreases as the output voltage Vc increases. Then, when the output voltage Vc is around 307V, the harmonic current Ih drops to the same level as when the output voltage Vc is first reduced most, that is, when the output voltage Vc is around 279V.
- the harmonic current Ih further decreases with the increase. Further, when the power supply voltage Vp is 190 V, the harmonic current Ih decreases as the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 increases, and starts increasing after the output voltage Vc decreases most around 265V. Thereafter, the harmonic current Ih increases as the output voltage Vc increases, the harmonic current Ih once peaks around the output voltage Vc of 279 V, and then starts decreasing again as the output voltage Vc increases. Thereafter, the harmonic current Ih decreases as the output voltage Vc increases. Then, when the output voltage Vc is around 292V, the harmonic current Ih drops to the same level as when the output voltage Vc first drops most, that is, when the output voltage Vc is around 265V.
- the harmonic current Ih further decreases with the increase.
- the change in the motor load affects the magnitude of the harmonic current Ih, but does not affect the tendency of the change in the harmonic current Ih with respect to the output voltage Vc.
- the harmonic current Ih decreases most when the output voltage Vc is in the vicinity of the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2, more strictly, the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 99%.
- the output voltage Vc reaches about the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 109%, the voltage reaches the same value as that near the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2.
- the numbers in parentheses in the graph of FIG. 2 indicate the ratio of the output voltage Vc to the power supply voltage power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2 in% for easy understanding.
- the first voltage value Vc1 is a harmonic with a boost voltage as low as possible.
- the second voltage value Vc2 is equal to the first voltage value without using the peak power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 104% near the peak where the harmonic current Ih increases despite the boost.
- Vc1 a power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 109% is set to a value that can reduce the harmonic current Ih to the same extent as the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2.
- the reactance values of the reactors 11 to 13 are selected so that the efficiency becomes the highest when the PWM converter 10 performs a boost operation in a load region where the motor load L (current consumption / power) is higher than the rated load or the rated load. Yes.
- the harmonic current Ih decreases in the load region where the motor load L exceeds the middle load region and is larger than the rated load or the rated load.
- the harmonic current Ih is the smallest in the low load region, the largest in the load region larger than the rated load or the rated load, and the largest in the medium load region with respect to the step-up operation by the PWM converter 10.
- the reactance values of the reactors 11 to 13 are increased over the entire load region of the brushless DC motor 5 when the PWM converter 10 boosts the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2, which is close to the output voltage value in full-wave rectification when there is no load.
- the harmonic current Ih is set to a value lower than the limit value Ihs.
- the harmonic current Ih is limited over the entire load region of the brushless DC motor 5 if the voltage is boosted to the first voltage value Vc1 that is near the value of the output voltage Vc in full-wave rectification when the PWM converter 10 is not loaded. Below the value Ihs. For this reason, thereafter, it is not necessary to change the boosted voltage of the PWM converter 10 unless the field-weakening control of the inverter 40 for increasing the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 is required.
- the harmonic current Ih does not reach the limit value Ihs only by full-wave rectification. Therefore, in the low-speed operation region where the motor load L is less than L0, the power loss of the PWM converter 10 is reduced by full-wave rectifying the PWM converter 10 by stopping switching unless the harmonic current Ih exceeds the limit value Ihs. That is, the power conversion efficiency of the motor drive device 3 is improved.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 and the advance angle ⁇ of the field weakening control.
- the solid line in the figure shows the case where the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is in the state of the first voltage value Vc1.
- the advance angle ⁇ which is the control amount of the field weakening control
- the sensorless vector control of the inverter control unit 73 becomes unstable, and the motor drive device 3 cannot output electric power corresponding to the rotational speed N at that time, and the brushless DC motor 5 may stall (step out).
- the brushless DC motor 5 can be obtained at the same advance angle ⁇ by increasing the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 to the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 109% which is the second voltage value Vc2 and beyond.
- the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 can be increased without stalling the motor.
- the motor drive device 3 can increase the rotation speed range of the brushless DC motor 5 by increasing the boosted voltage of the PWM converter 10, and as a result, the heat pump type in which the brushless DC motor 5 is mounted.
- the maximum capacity of the heat source machine can be increased, which can contribute to the expansion of the capacity range of the heat pump heat source machine.
- the rotational speeds N1 and N3 at which the advance angle ⁇ starts to enter, that is, the field weakening control starts, are determined by the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 and the back electromotive voltage e (induced voltage) of the brushless DC motor 5.
- the rotation speeds N1 and N3 at which the advance angle ⁇ corresponding to the output voltage Vc starts to enter can be determined in advance based on the specifications of the brushless DC motor 5.
- the rotational speeds N1 and N3 are stored in advance in the upper limit rotational speed storage unit 89 in the converter control unit 72 in order to control the PWM converter 10.
- the converter control unit 72 first performs PWM when a high rotational speed N is required for the brushless DC motor 5, that is, when the motor rotational speed command value Ns in the operation control command is high.
- the output voltage Vc of the converter 10 is the first voltage value Vc1
- the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 can no longer be increased without entering the advance angle ⁇ , that is, the motor rotational speed N becomes N1.
- the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is increased to the second voltage value Vc2. If the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 still cannot reach the motor rotational speed command value Ns, that is, if the motor rotational speed command value Ns exceeds the rotational speed N3, the converter control unit 72 sets the advance angle ⁇ . increase.
- the converter control unit 72 determines that the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 is the motor rotational speed command value even when the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is in the second voltage value Vc2 and the advance angle ⁇ reaches the upper limit value ⁇ s. If Ns cannot be reached, the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is further increased from the second voltage value Vc2 while the advance angle ⁇ is maintained at the upper limit value ⁇ s, and the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 is set to the motor rotational speed. The command value Ns is reached.
- the power source voltage Vp When a commercial 400V three-phase AC power source is used as the three-phase AC power source 1, an input voltage to the PWM converter 10 input by the power source voltage detector 78 via the power receiving facility 2, that is, the power source voltage Vp is 400V. And the first voltage value Vc1 is set to a value in the vicinity of 566V, which is ⁇ 2 times the power supply voltage Vp, for example, 565V. The second voltage value Vc2 is set to a value not less than 1.09 times ⁇ 2 times the power supply voltage Vp, for example, 617V.
- the power source voltage detection unit 78 detects the power source voltage Vp (effective value), and the first voltage value Vc1 A value in the range of the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ (98% to 102%) that is close to the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2, and the second voltage value Vc2 is a value that is 109% or more of the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2. Is set.
- the power supply voltage Vp of a commercial three-phase AC power source hardly fluctuates. Further, when the device starts operation, noise or the like is generated by the operation. Therefore, the detection of the power supply voltage Vp by the power supply voltage detection unit 78 is performed before the start of the operation of the motor driving device 3, that is, the PWM converter 10 and the inverter 40. It is desirable from the viewpoint of accuracy that the operation is performed in a state where the operation is stopped.
- the three-phase AC power supply 1 is a power supply device in a region where the power supply is insufficient or a private power generation device with a small capacity, the voltage drop is caused by the operation of other loads connected to the same power supply. Etc. may occur.
- the power supply voltage detection unit 78 always detects the power supply voltage Vp and sets the first voltage value Vc1 and the second voltage value Vc2 based on this value. By doing so, the motor drive device 3 can prevent the harmonic current Ih from increasing even if a voltage change occurs.
- the output voltage Vc of the converter 10 before the inverter 40 operates that is, in the state where each switching element of the converter 10 before driving the motor 5 is also turned off (full-wave rectification). May be detected by the DC voltage detector 71, and the power supply voltage Vp may be calculated from the detection result.
- the output voltage Vc of the converter 10 during full-wave rectification is originally the power supply voltage Vp ⁇ ⁇ 2, but circuit elements such as the reactors 11 to 13 interposed between the three-phase AC power supply 1 and the converter 10 are used. In order to cause a voltage drop, it is desirable to set a calculation formula in advance so as to compensate for this voltage drop.
- the power supply voltage Vp of the three-phase AC power supply 1 is detected using the output voltage Vc of the converter 10 during full-wave rectification, the detection accuracy is slightly lowered, but the DC voltage detection unit 71 is replaced with the power supply voltage detection unit 78.
- the cost of the motor drive device 3 can be reduced by eliminating the power supply voltage detection unit 78 that detects the voltage by connecting to the three-phase power supply line of the three-phase AC power supply 1.
- the converter control unit 72 includes, for example, a microcontroller (MCU) that controls on / off of the switching operation of the PWM converter 10 and the output voltage Vc, and has a first comparison as a main function related to suppression of the harmonic current Ih.
- first comparison means 72a second comparison part (second comparison means) 72b, third comparison part (third comparison means) 72c, fourth comparison part (fourth comparison means) 72d, fifth comparison part ( Fifth comparison means) 72e.
- the functions of the comparison units 72a to 72e are achieved by a program or logic circuit of a microcontroller.
- the harmonic current detection unit 75 described above requires advanced computation of Fourier series expansion to detect the harmonic current value. Therefore, the circuit configuration of the program processing by the same microcontroller is more than that of the logic circuit.
- each control unit 72, 73 is configured by one microcontroller (MCU) programmed with the function of each control unit, rather than having separate hardware configurations.
- MCU microcontroller
- the converter control unit 72 when it is necessary to reduce the harmonic current Ih of the motor drive device 3 as much as possible, when the first mode is set by the mode switching unit 88, the converter control unit 72 generates an operation control signal input to the controller 70.
- the switching of the PWM converter 10 is started almost simultaneously with the start of the operation of the inverter 40 at the start of the operation of the motor driving apparatus 3 based on the above.
- the first voltage value Vc1 is set as the output target voltage of the PWM converter 10 at this time.
- the operation control signal is a command from the outside to the motor driving device 3 for driving the motor 5, and includes operation / stop of the motor 5 and an instruction for the rotation speed during operation.
- the converter control unit 72 does not perform switching of the PWM converter 10 at the start of operation of the motor drive device 3, that is, performs full-wave rectification.
- the second mode with complicated control content is set by the mode switching unit 88.
- the switching of the PWM converter 10 remains stopped and is in a full-wave rectification state.
- the power supply voltage detector 78 detects the power supply voltage Vp (effective value).
- the first comparison unit 72a is configured to detect the harmonic current value (harmonic current Ih) detected by the harmonic current detection unit 75 and the limit value setting unit 76. Is compared with the limit value Ihs.
- the switching of the PWM converter 10 is continuously stopped. Loss due to switching of the PWM converter 10 can be reduced by stopping the switching operation of the PWM converter 10 and performing full-wave rectification operation without boosting.
- the harmonic current Ih begins to increase. If the comparison result of the first comparison unit 72a is “harmonic current Ih> limit value Ihs”, then the second comparison unit 72b is configured such that the motor rotation speed command value Ns is previously stored in the upper limit rotation speed storage unit 89. It is determined whether or not the rotational speed N1 stored in is exceeded, and it is determined whether or not the inverter control unit 73 is in an area where field-weakening control needs to be performed (lead angle ⁇ > 0).
- FIG. 6 shows the advance angle ⁇ and the rotational speed N in accordance with FIG.
- the converter control unit 72 uses the first voltage value Vc1 in the boost value setting unit 77 as a boost target value when the comparison result of the second comparison unit 72b is “rotation speed N1 ⁇ motor rotation speed command value Ns”. 10, the second voltage value Vc2 in the boost value setting unit 77 is set as a target value for boosting when the comparison result of the second comparison unit 72b is "motor rotation speed command value Ns> rotation speed N1".
- the PWM converter 10 is switched. Actually, the current of the brushless DC motor 5 increases before the advance angle ⁇ is entered, and the harmonic current value (harmonic current Ih) exceeds the limit value Ihs.
- the PWM converter 10 is not started in the switching operation from the state where the switching operation is not performed with the second voltage value Vc2 as the target value for boosting.
- the motor load L decreases and the harmonic current Ih becomes the limit value Ihs only by full wave rectification.
- the motor driving device 3 stops the boosting operation of the PWM converter 10 as much as possible. For this reason, in the second mode, it is necessary for the motor drive device 3 to stop the step-up operation of the PWM converter 10 by determining that the harmonic current Ih can be operated below the limit value Ihs only by full-wave rectification. is there.
- the motor driving device 3 compares the actually measured harmonic current value with the limit value Ihs to turn on / off the boost. If this is done, it will frequently be turned on and off, resulting in increased losses during operation switching and a failure in stable operation.
- the harmonic current Ih is significantly reduced by the boosting operation of the PWM converter 10, and therefore a very large hysteresis (differential) must be provided.
- the range in which the boosting operation of the converter 10 can be stopped becomes narrow and is not efficient.
- the converter control unit 72 uses physical parameters related to the operation of the motor drive device other than the harmonic current Ih as a condition for stopping the step-up operation of the PWM converter 10.
- physical parameters other than the harmonic current Ih parameters related to the load L of the brushless DC motor 5 are preferable.
- the parameters include, for example, the current flowing through the three-phase AC power supply 1, the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5, the motor current, the current of the DC portion of the motor driving device 3, the power consumption of the motor driving device 3, and the consumption of the brushless DC motor 5. There is power.
- the rotational speed command value Ns of the brushless DC motor 5 substantially coincides with the rotational speed N of the motor 5, it is indirectly a parameter related to the load L of the motor 5.
- the rotation speed command value Ns of the brushless DC motor 5 may be used as a condition for stopping the boosting operation of the PWM converter 10.
- the converter control unit 72 uses the value after the PWM converter 10 starts the boost operation as the reference value of the current value of the three-phase AC power supply 1 when the PWM converter 10 is switched from the boost operation to the stop of the boost operation. Thereby, converter control unit 72 can perform appropriate switching even if motor load L changes, and can prevent PWM converter 10 from repeatedly boosting and stopping.
- the converter control unit 72 starts the step-up operation of the PWM converter 10 to the first voltage value Vc1 (L0 point in FIG. 6). After starting the step-up operation of PWM converter 10, converter control unit 72 issues a command to store the power supply current value to power supply current value storage unit 79. Based on this command, the power supply current value storage unit 79 stores and holds the power supply current value Ip1 immediately after the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is stabilized at the first voltage value Vc1.
- the converter control unit 72 While the PWM converter 10 is stepping up to the first voltage value Vc1, the converter control unit 72 always stores the actual current value I of the three-phase AC power supply 1 and the power supply current value storage unit 79 in the internal third comparison unit 72c. A value (current storage value Ip1- ⁇ ) obtained by subtracting a predetermined small hysteresis value (differential) ⁇ from the stored current storage value Ip1 is compared. The detection of the current value is executed by an input current detection unit (not shown) provided inside converter control unit 72. Then, when the current value I of the actual three-phase AC power supply 1 becomes equal to or less than (current storage value Ip1- ⁇ ), the converter control unit 72 stops the operation of the PWM converter 10 and switches to full-wave rectification.
- the harmonic current Ih varies according to the motor load L. For this reason, if the motor load L is lower than the motor load L when the harmonic current Ih exceeds the limit value Ihs, the harmonic current value does not exceed the limit value Ihs. Therefore, the operation of the PWM converter 10 is stopped based on a value (current storage value Ip1- ⁇ ) slightly lower than the current storage value Ip1 corresponding to the motor load L when the harmonic current value exceeds the limit value Ihs. However, as long as the motor load L does not fluctuate, the harmonic current Ih does not exceed the limit value Ihs, and the motor driving device 3 can continue to operate stably only by full-wave rectification, and the efficiency can be improved.
- the converter control unit 72 is configured so that the motor rotation speed command value Ns is always stored in advance in the upper limit rotation speed storage unit 89 by the second comparison unit 72b while the PWM converter 10 is boosted to the first voltage value Vc1. It is determined whether or not N1 is exceeded, and it is determined whether or not the inverter control unit 73 is in an area where field weakening control needs to be performed. Specifically, when “motor rotation speed command value Ns> rotation speed N1” is satisfied, a field weakening is required to increase the rotation speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 (lead angle ⁇ > 0). Therefore, the converter control unit 72 controls the PWM converter 10 so that the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 becomes the second voltage value Vc2 at this time before the field-weakening control is started.
- the inverter control unit 73 can increase the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 to the rotational speed N3 without performing field weakening control. Thereafter, when the motor rotation speed command value Ns increases and becomes greater than the rotation speed N3, the inverter control unit 73 performs field weakening control.
- the fourth comparison unit 72d operates in a state where the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is equal to or higher than the second voltage value Vc2, and compares the motor rotation number command value Ns with the rotation number N4 stored in the upper limit rotation number storage unit 89. ing. When motor rotation speed command value Ns becomes larger than rotation speed N4, converter control unit 72 outputs output voltage Vc of PWM converter 10 until rotation speed N of brushless DC motor 5 reaches motor rotation speed command value Ns. Raise. On the other hand, when motor rotation speed command value Ns decreases, converter control unit 72 decreases output voltage Vc of PWM converter 10 accordingly.
- the converter control unit 72 outputs the output voltage of the PWM converter 10.
- Vc is fixedly controlled to the second voltage value Vc2.
- the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is fixed to the second voltage value Vc2, and the inverter control unit 73 rotates the advance angle ⁇ by field weakening control to the motor rotation. The value is changed to a value commensurate with the numerical command value Ns.
- the fifth comparison unit 72e is configured to “revolution N1- ⁇ N ⁇ motor The determination of the rotational speed command value Ns ′′ is performed.
- ⁇ N is a predetermined small hysteresis value (differential), and is set in a range of about 1 to 3 rps.
- the converter control unit 72 changes the target value of the boost from the second voltage value Vc2 to the first voltage value Vc1, and lowers the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 to the first voltage value Vc1.
- the fifth comparison unit 72e determines whether or not the field-weakening control is necessary when the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is at the second voltage value Vc2 by comparing with the motor rotation speed command value Ns.
- the converter control unit 72 needs to perform field-weakening control immediately when the output voltage Vc decreases from the second voltage value Vc2 to the first voltage value Vc1.
- the output voltage Vc reduced to the first voltage value Vc1 is not increased again to the second voltage value Vc2 in a short time. For this reason, the motor drive device 3 can stably control the output voltage Vc, and the efficiency is improved without continuing the operation at an unnecessarily high voltage.
- the first comparison unit 72a detects the harmonic current value (high-frequency current Ih) detected by the harmonic current detection unit 75 and the limit in the limit value setting unit 76. The value Ihs is compared.
- the comparison result of the first comparison unit 72a is “harmonic current Ih ⁇ limit value Ihs”
- converter control unit 72 continues to stop switching of PWM converter 10 and “harmonic current Ih> limit value Ihs”. In this case, the boost operation is performed so that the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 becomes the first voltage value Vc1.
- the second comparison unit 72b determines whether or not the inverter 40 is in a state that requires field-weakening control. During the step-up operation with the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 being the first voltage value Vc1, the motor rotation speed is determined. The command value Ns is compared with the rotational speed N1 stored in the upper limit rotational speed storage unit 89. When the comparison result of the second comparison unit 72b is “rotation speed N1 ⁇ motor rotation speed command value Ns”, the converter control section 72 determines that the inverter 40 is in a state that does not require field-weakening control, and continues as it is. The PWM converter 10 is switched using the one voltage value Vc1 as the target value for boosting.
- converter control unit 72 determines that inverter 40 is in a state that requires field-weakening control when the comparison result of second comparison unit 72b is “motor rotation speed command value Ns> rotation speed N1”. Then, the PWM converter 10 is switched using the second voltage value Vc2 as a target value for boosting.
- the third comparison unit 72c compares the actual current value I of the three-phase AC power supply 1 with (current storage value Ip1- ⁇ ) while the PWM converter 10 is boosting to the first voltage value Vc1. When the detected current value I becomes equal to or smaller than (current storage value Ip1- ⁇ ), converter control unit 72 stops the operation of PWM converter 10 and switches to full-wave rectification.
- the fourth comparison unit 72d compares the motor rotation speed command value Ns with the rotation speed N4 stored in the upper limit rotation speed storage unit 89 under the state where the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is equal to or higher than the second voltage value Vc2. ing. In the converter control unit 72, the fourth comparison unit 72d detects that the motor rotation speed command value Ns is smaller than the rotation speed N4, and based on this detection, the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is changed to the second voltage value Vc2. Control.
- the fifth comparison unit 72e subtracts the hysteresis value ⁇ N from the motor rotation speed command value Ns and the predetermined rotation speed N1. (Rotational speed N1- ⁇ N) is compared.
- the converter control unit 72 determines that the rotational speed N of the motor has become the rotational speed at which it is not necessary to apply field control, and the PWM converter 10 Is reduced from the second voltage value Vc2 to the first voltage value Vc1.
- fourth comparison unit 72d controls output voltage Vc of PWM converter 10 to second voltage value Vc2.
- the fifth comparison unit 72e detects that the motor rotation speed command value Ns is smaller than the rotation speed N1- ⁇ , the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is fixedly controlled to the second voltage value Vc2.
- the converter control unit 72 can maintain the harmonic current Ih below the limit value Ihs in the medium speed region (the rotational speed N ⁇ the rotational speed N1). it can.
- the current value I of the three-phase AC power supply 1 is equal to or less than (current storage value Ip1- ⁇ ) in a state where the PWM converter 10 performs the switching operation using the first voltage value Vc1 as the target value for boosting.
- converter control unit 72 stops the operation of PWM converter 10 and switches to full-wave rectification. By this operation, the motor drive device 3 can be operated efficiently while suppressing the harmonic current Ih within the limit value Ihs.
- the converter control unit 72 includes a PWM converter for increasing the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5.
- the target value of the output voltage Vc of 10 is changed from the first voltage value Vc1 to the higher second voltage value Vc2, and the PWM converter 10 is switched.
- the converter control unit 72 raises the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 from the first voltage value Vc1 to the second voltage value Vc2, whereby the first voltage value Vc1 and the second voltage value shown in FIG. A peak portion (near 294 V) where a large amount of harmonic current Ih existing between Vc2 is generated is skipped, and an output voltage region where the harmonic current Ih increases is not used.
- the converter control unit 72 gradually increases the output voltage Vc under the control of the PWM converter 10. It will be. For this reason, it passes through the generation peak of the harmonic current Ih existing between the first voltage value Vc1 and the second voltage value Vc2, but by increasing the output voltage Vc at a rapid change rate, The generation of the wave current Ih can be limited to a short time, and its influence can be eliminated.
- the converter control unit 72 causes the brushless DC motor 5 to stall while suppressing the power loss due to switching of the PWM converter 10 as much as possible by causing the PWM converter 10 to perform the switching operation so as to become the second voltage value Vc2.
- the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 can be increased.
- the inverter control unit 73 increases the advance angle ⁇ (in FIG. 6, the interval where the rotation speed N is N3 to N4).
- the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is increased to the second voltage value Vc2, and the rotational speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 is increased even if the inverter control unit 73 advances the advance angle ⁇ to the upper limit value ⁇ s.
- the PWM converter 10 operates so that the output voltage Vc becomes a higher output voltage than the second voltage value Vc2. As a result, the brushless DC motor 5 can reach a desired high rotational speed.
- the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is controlled so that the motor 5 becomes the motor command rotational speed Ns while the advance angle ⁇ is maintained at the upper limit value ⁇ s. .
- the converter control unit 72 sets the output target voltage of the PWM converter 10 to the first voltage value. 1 voltage value is reduced to Vc1.
- the motor drive device 3 can stably control the output voltage Vc, and can prevent unnecessary boosting and can efficiently operate while suppressing the harmonic current Ih within the limit value Ihs. .
- the motor driving device 3 can reduce the generation amount of the harmonic current Ih and suppress expensive harmonics while suppressing the decrease in power conversion efficiency accompanying the adoption of the PWM converter 10 as much as possible by the above control. There is no need to install a device, and an increase in cost can be suppressed.
- the motor drive device 3 can efficiently increase the rotation speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 by performing boosting to increase the rotation speed N of the motor 5. Furthermore, it is possible to operate at a necessary and sufficient boost voltage without boosting to an unnecessary high voltage, and the efficiency of the device is improved.
- the converter control unit 72 does not need to apply field-weakening control when the motor rotation speed command value Ns is smaller than (rotation speed N1 ⁇ N) in the fifth comparison section 72e. It is determined that the number N has been reached, and the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is decreased from the second voltage value Vc2 to the first voltage value Vc1. Normally, the rotational speed N of the motor coincides with the motor rotational speed command value Ns. However, under a transient situation, there may be a difference between the rotational speed N and the motor rotational speed command value Ns due to the control delay of the inverter 40.
- the converter control unit 72 has a condition for reducing the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 from the second voltage value Vc2 to the first voltage value Vc1.
- the determination condition of the fifth comparison unit 72e may be that both the motor rotation speed command value Ns and the actual rotation speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 are smaller than (rotation speed N1- ⁇ N).
- This determination condition is that both the motor rotation speed command value Ns and the actual rotation speed N of the brushless DC motor 5 are (rotation speed N1 ⁇ N) as the rotation speed N at which the motor rotation speed N does not need to be weakened. It uses the condition that it is smaller.
- converter control unit 72 determines whether or not field weakening control is necessary in inverter 40 based on motor target rotation speed Ns and rotation speed N1 of motor 5 stored in upper limit rotation speed storage section 89 in advance.
- the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 was switched from the first voltage value Vc1 to the second voltage value Vc2, and from the second voltage value Vc2 to the first voltage value Vc1.
- the counter electromotive voltage e that is the basis for determining the rotation speed N1 as the switching reference is an induced voltage coefficient Ke that is a motor constant calculated based on the winding diameter and number of turns of the motor 5 and the magnetic flux of the magnet of the motor 5. Used.
- the magnetic flux of the magnet of the motor 5 for determining the induced voltage coefficient Ke varies slightly depending on the temperature of the magnet. Therefore, a modified example for more accurately detecting and determining whether or not the weak field control is necessary according to the situation of the brushless DC motor 5 will be described with reference to FIG.
- Fig. 7 shows only the parts changed from Fig. 1.
- the inputs and comparison targets of the second comparison unit 72b and the fifth comparison unit 72e are changed from the above-described embodiment.
- Section (motor rotation number storage means) 90 is added. Since the configuration other than this is the same as that of the above-described embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the converter control unit 72 is always supplied with the motor rotation speed N and the duty D in switching of the inverter 40 from the inverter control unit 73.
- a motor rotation speed command value Ns, a motor rotation speed N, and a duty D are input to the second comparison unit 72b. Based on these data, the necessity of field weakening control of the inverter 40 is determined.
- the duty D is maximum (full duty) and the motor rotation speed command value Ns is higher than the current motor rotation speed N (motor
- the converter control unit 72 determines that it is necessary to perform field-weakening control under the first voltage value Vc1, and the second voltage value Vc2
- the PWM converter 10 is switched by using as a target value for boosting.
- the motor drive device 3 can increase the rotational speed N of the motor 5 without performing field weakening control.
- the converter control unit 72 determines whether the second comparison unit 72b has the maximum duty D and detects “motor rotation speed command value Ns> rotation speed N”.
- the motor rotation speed N at that time is stored as a comparison value Nc.
- the comparison value Nc and the motor rotation speed N of the motor rotation speed storage section 90 are input to the fifth comparison section 72e.
- the fifth comparison unit 72e subtracts the hysteresis rotation value N and the hysteresis value ⁇ N from the comparison value Nc (rotation speed Nc ⁇ N). ).
- the converter control unit 72 performs PWM when the motor rotational speed N becomes smaller than (the rotational speed Nc ⁇ N) (the rotational speed N ⁇ the rotational speed (Nc ⁇ N)).
- the output voltage Vc of the converter 10 is reduced from the second voltage value Vc2 to the first voltage value Vc1.
- the converter control unit 72 is configured such that the second comparison unit 72b has the maximum duty D and the motor rotational speed command value while the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is operating at the first voltage value Vc1.
- the state in which the field-weakening control starts is determined.
- converter control unit 72 causes motor revolution number storage unit 90 to store revolution number N at this time as comparison value Nc. That is, the motor rotation speed storage unit 90 sets the rotation speed at which field-weakening control must be performed while the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is at the first voltage value Vc1 under the actual operation environment as the comparison value Nc.
- the fifth comparison unit 72e compares the comparison value Nc with the actual rotation speed N, the converter control unit 72 more reliably determines whether or not the field weakening control in the actual operation state is necessary. It is possible to determine the timing of (cut).
- the motor drive device 3 needs field-weakening control immediately after the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is decreased from the second voltage value Vc2 to the first voltage value Vc1 based on the comparison result of the fifth comparison unit 72e.
- the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is not raised again from the first voltage value Vc1 to the second voltage value Vc2, and the stable and efficient operation is achieved by using a low boost voltage. Driving is possible.
- the limit value Ihs for the harmonic current Ih is set as a value within the range of the regulation value set in the power receiving facility 2, but the limit value is set regardless of the regulation value set in the power receiving facility 2.
- the value Ihs may be set independently.
- the converter control unit 72 detects a state that requires field-weakening control by the second comparison unit 72b (the state of the motor rotation speed N1), and uses the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 as the first voltage value Vc1.
- the second voltage value Vc2 is boosted to delay the field-weakening control operation.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the converter control unit 72 changes the comparison condition of the second comparison unit 72b, thereby maintaining the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 at the first voltage value Vc1 and operating the field weakening control so that the motor 5
- the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 is changed from the first voltage value Vc1.
- the voltage may be increased to the second voltage value Vc2 to reach the motor rotation speed command value Ns.
- the converter control unit 72 is simultaneously with the start of the operation of the inverter 40 or with a very short time delay. Thereafter, switching of the PWM converter 10 is started.
- the first voltage value Vc1 is set as the output target voltage of the PWM converter 10 at this time.
- the harmonic current Ih can always be reduced while the motor driving device 3 is in operation. Therefore, in the first mode, the harmonic current detection unit 75, the limit value setting unit 76, and the first comparison provided in order to determine the switching operation / stop (full wave rectification) of the PWM converter 10 in the second mode.
- the part 72a and the third comparison part 72c are not used.
- the operation after boosting the operation is the same as in the second mode, and configurations other than those described above are also used in the first mode.
- the PWM converter 10 starts the switching operation by setting the target of the output voltage Vc to the first voltage value Vc1 by the converter control unit 72.
- the output voltage target is the first voltage value Vc1 and the PWM converter 10 is in operation
- the target speed of the motor 5 becomes a high speed operation range where the target speed is N1 or more (rotation speed N> rotation speed N1)
- the converter control unit 72 changes the target value of the output voltage Vc of the PWM converter 10 from the first voltage value Vc1 to a higher second voltage value Vc2. By changing, the PWM converter 10 is switched.
- the motor drive device 3 by setting the first mode by the mode switching unit 88, the harmonic current Ih generated from the motor drive device 3 can always be reduced, and the motor drive device. 3 is excessively high harmonic current Ih even when it is connected to power receiving equipment 2 with a small capacity or when the capacity of another load having an inverter device that cannot control harmonics connected to the same power receiving equipment 2 is large. Can be prevented.
- the motor drive device 3 according to the present embodiment regulates the harmonic current value output from the motor drive device 3 by setting the second mode by the mode switching unit 88 when the power receiving facility 2 has a margin. In a range that does not exceed the value, the PWM converter 10 can be operated with high efficiency by performing full-wave rectification.
- the motor drive device 3 detects the harmonic current Ih generated from the motor drive device 3 in the second mode, and performs PWM when this exceeds a preset limit value Ihs of the harmonic current Ih.
- the converter 10 is switched from full-wave rectification to boosting operation to the first voltage value Vc1, but the rotational speed N or current value of the motor 5 that the harmonic current Ih is considered to exceed the limit value Ihs is stored in advance as a set value.
- switching from full wave rectification to the first voltage value Vc1 may be performed.
- SYMBOLS 1 Three-phase alternating current power supply, 2 ... Power receiving equipment, 3 ... Motor drive device, 5 ... Brushless DC motor, 10 ... PWM converter, 11-13 ... Reactor, 21a-26a ... Diode, 21-26 ... IGBT (switching element) , 30 ... smoothing capacitor, 40 ... inverter, 41 to 46 ... IGBT (switching element), 51 to 53, 61, 62, 63 ... current sensor, 70 ... controller, 71 ... DC voltage detector, 72 ... converter controller ( Control means), 73 ... inverter control section (inverter control means), 75 ... harmonic current detection section (harmonic current detection means), 76 ...
- limit value setting section 77 ... boost value setting section (boost value setting means), 78 ... Power supply voltage detection section (power supply voltage detection means) 79, 79 ... Power supply current value storage section (power supply current value storage means), 88 ... Mode switching section (mode switching hand) Stage), 89... Upper limit rotational speed storage (upper limit rotational speed storage means), 90... Motor rotational speed storage (motor rotational speed storage means)
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Abstract
Description
このモータ駆動装置は、受電設備(キュービクルともいう)に接続される。受電設備は、商用三相交流電源の電圧をモータ駆動装置などの機器の運転に見合う電圧に変換する。また、受電設備には、商用三相交流電源への高調波電流の流出量を制限するための規制値が設定される。この規制値の大きさは、受電設備の受電容量に対応する。
この高調波電流の規制に伴い、高調波電流を抑制するための例えば高調波抑制装置(多パルス整流器等)がモータ駆動装置に搭載される。あるいは、モータ駆動装置のコンバータとして昇圧型のPWMコンバータ(PMW : Pulse Width Modulation)が採用され、そのPWMコンバータのスイッチング制御によって高調波電流の発生量が抑制される。 2. Description of the Related Art A motor drive device is known that converts a voltage of an AC power source into a DC voltage by a converter, converts the DC voltage to an AC voltage having a predetermined frequency by an inverter, and outputs the AC voltage as motor driving power.
This motor drive device is connected to a power receiving facility (also referred to as a cubicle). The power receiving facility converts the voltage of the commercial three-phase AC power source into a voltage suitable for the operation of a device such as a motor drive device. Moreover, the regulation value for restrict | limiting the outflow amount of the harmonic current to a commercial three-phase alternating current power supply is set to the power receiving equipment. The size of this regulation value corresponds to the power receiving capacity of the power receiving facility.
With the regulation of the harmonic current, for example, a harmonic suppression device (such as a multi-pulse rectifier) for suppressing the harmonic current is mounted on the motor driving device. Alternatively, a step-up PWM converter (PMW: Pulse Width Modulation) is employed as the converter of the motor drive device, and the amount of harmonic current generated is suppressed by switching control of the PWM converter.
また、PWMコンバータはスイッチングによる電力損失が大きいため、PWMコンバータを採用した場合には電力変換効率の低下を招くという問題がある。また、受電設備の容量や同じ受電設備に接続されている各種負荷によって規制値が異なる。モータ駆動装置が容量の小さな受電設備に接続された場合や、同じ受電設備に接続された負荷の容量が大きい高調波を制御できないインバータ装置を備えた他の機器がある場合には、モータ駆動装置から発生する高調波をできるだけ低減することが望まれる。 However, harmonic suppression devices are expensive.
Further, since the PWM converter has a large power loss due to switching, there is a problem in that when the PWM converter is employed, the power conversion efficiency is lowered. Further, the regulation value varies depending on the capacity of the power receiving facility and various loads connected to the same power receiving facility. If the motor drive device is connected to a power receiving facility with a small capacity, or if there is another device with an inverter device that cannot control harmonics with a large load capacity connected to the same power receiving facility, the motor drive device It is desirable to reduce as much as possible the harmonics generated from the.
また、本実施形態に係るモータ駆動装置の前記制御手段は、前記コンバータが昇圧する電圧値を設定するために、交流電源の電圧値を検出する電源電圧検出手段を備えている。 The motor drive device according to the present embodiment includes a converter that performs full-wave rectification of the voltage of an AC power supply and converts the voltage into DC, or boosts the voltage by switching and converts the voltage into DC voltage, and converts the output voltage of the converter into an AC voltage. An inverter for supplying a voltage to the motor, a harmonic current detecting means for detecting a harmonic current flowing out from the converter, a mode switching means capable of setting the first mode and the second mode, and a first mode switch means. When the mode is set, the converter always boosts the motor during the operation of the inverter, and when the mode switching means is set to the second mode, the harmonic current detected by the harmonic current detecting means is detected. Before the current reaches the limit value, the switching of the converter is stopped and direct-current conversion is performed by full-wave rectification. When the harmonic current to be output has reached the limit value, and a, and control means for causing the boost to the converter.
In addition, the control means of the motor drive device according to the present embodiment includes power supply voltage detection means for detecting the voltage value of the AC power supply in order to set the voltage value boosted by the converter.
また、本実施形態に係るモータ駆動装置の前記コンバータが昇圧する電圧値は、交流電源電圧の実効値の√2倍近傍の値である。
さらに、本実施形態に係るモータ駆動装置の前記コンバータが昇圧する電圧値は、交流電源電圧の実効値の√2倍の98%~102%の範囲である。
さらにまた、本実施形態に係るモータ駆動装置の前記コンバータは、パルス幅変調された所定周期のPWM信号により断続的にオンするスイッチング素子を有するPWMコンバータである。
また、本実施形態に係るモータ駆動装置の前記交流電源は、商用三相交流電源である。 Furthermore, the motor drive device according to the present embodiment includes a converter that performs full-wave rectification DC conversion of the voltage of the AC power supply or boosts the DC power by switching, and converts the output voltage of the converter into an AC voltage. An inverter for supplying a voltage to the motor, a power supply voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage value of the AC power supply, and a voltage value boosted by the converter during operation of the motor by the inverter according to the detected voltage of the power supply voltage detecting means. Control means for setting.
Further, the voltage value boosted by the converter of the motor drive device according to the present embodiment is a value in the vicinity of √2 times the effective value of the AC power supply voltage.
Furthermore, the voltage value boosted by the converter of the motor drive device according to the present embodiment is in the range of 98% to 102%, which is √2 times the effective value of the AC power supply voltage.
Furthermore, the converter of the motor drive device according to the present embodiment is a PWM converter having a switching element that is intermittently turned on by a PWM signal having a predetermined period that is pulse width modulated.
Moreover, the AC power supply of the motor drive device according to the present embodiment is a commercial three-phase AC power supply.
図1に示すように、三相交流電源1に受電設備2が接続され、その受電設備2に本実施形態のモータ駆動装置3が接続されている。そして、モータ駆動装置3の出力端には、直流モータたとえばブラシレスDCモータ(モータ)5が接続されている。受電設備2には、三相交流電源1側への高調波電流の流出量を制限するための規制値が設定されている。この規制値の大きさは、受電設備2の受電容量に比例し、受電容量が大きければ大きくなる。ブラシレスDCモータ5は、設備機器たとえばヒートポンプ式熱源機の圧縮機を駆動するものである。ブラシレスDCモータ5は、複数の相巻線Lu,Lv,Lwを有するステータ(電機子)5a、および複数たとえば4極の永久磁石が埋設されたロータ(回転子)5bを含む。ロータ5bは、相巻線Lu,Lv,Lwに電流が流れることにより生じる磁界とステータ5aの各永久磁石が作る磁界との相互作用により、回転する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a power receiving facility 2 is connected to a three-phase AC power source 1, and the motor driving device 3 of the present embodiment is connected to the power receiving facility 2. A DC motor, for example, a brushless DC motor (motor) 5 is connected to the output end of the motor driving device 3. The power receiving facility 2 is set with a regulation value for limiting the amount of harmonic current that flows to the three-phase AC power source 1 side. The size of the regulation value is proportional to the power receiving capacity of the power receiving facility 2 and increases as the power receiving capacity increases. The brushless DC motor 5 drives equipment such as a compressor of a heat pump heat source machine. The brushless DC motor 5 includes a stator (armature) 5a having a plurality of phase windings Lu, Lv, Lw, and a rotor (rotor) 5b in which a plurality of, for example, four pole permanent magnets are embedded. The
なお、これらの指示・指令は、一般に上位側の制御器、例えば、空調機であれば、空調制御器からコントローラ70に送られてくる。 Further, the
In general, these instructions / commands are sent to the
使用者や設備業者は、モード切替部88のスイッチの位置を手動操作によって変更することで、常に高調波を低減する第1モードと必要時に高調波を低減する第2モードとを切り替えることができる。なお、モード切替部88を、手動操作するのではなく、外部からの通信によって第1モードと第2モードとの切り替えを可能に構成しても良い。 The mode switching unit (mode switching unit) 88 is connected to the
A user or an equipment contractor can switch between the first mode that always reduces harmonics and the second mode that reduces harmonics when necessary by changing the position of the switch of the
また、電源電圧Vpが190Vの場合には、高調波電流Ihは、PWMコンバータ10の出力電圧Vcの上昇に伴って減少し、出力電圧Vcが265V付近で最も低下した後、増加に転じる。その後、高調波電流Ihは、出力電圧Vcの上昇に伴って増加し、出力電圧Vcが279V付近で高調波電流Ihが一旦ピークとなり、さらに出力電圧Vcの上昇に伴って再び減少に転じる。以後、高調波電流Ihは、出力電圧Vcの上昇に伴い減少していく。そして、出力電圧Vcが292V付近で、高調波電流Ihは、最初に最も低下したところ、すなわち、出力電圧Vcが265V付近の時と同レベルまで低下する。なお、これ以上に出力電圧Vcを増加させるとその増加に伴って高調波電流Ihはさらに低下していく。
また、図3に示すようにモータ負荷の変化は、高調波電流Ihの大きさには影響するが、出力電圧Vcに対する高調波電流Ihの変化の傾向には影響しない。 As can be seen from the graph of FIG. 2, when the power supply voltage Vp is 200 V, the harmonic current Ih decreases as the output voltage Vc of the
Further, when the power supply voltage Vp is 190 V, the harmonic current Ih decreases as the output voltage Vc of the
As shown in FIG. 3, the change in the motor load affects the magnitude of the harmonic current Ih, but does not affect the tendency of the change in the harmonic current Ih with respect to the output voltage Vc.
ここでは、第1電圧値Vc1として、高調波電流Ihが小さく、かつ昇圧電圧の低い無負荷時の全波整流での電圧値近傍の280V(電源電圧Vp×√2×99%)が設定されている。上述のとおり、PWMコンバータ10の無負荷時の全波整流での出力電圧Vcの値近傍である第1電圧値Vc1まで昇圧すれば、ブラシレスDCモータ5の全負荷領域にわたり高調波電流Ihが制限値Ihsを下回る。このため、以後は、ブラシレスDCモータ5の回転数Nを上昇させるためのインバータ40の弱め界磁制御を必要とする場合を除き、PWMコンバータ10の昇圧電圧を変更する必要はない。 Hereinafter, a case where a 200 V commercial three-phase power source is used as the three-phase AC power source will be described as an example.
Here, as the first voltage value Vc1, 280V (power supply voltage Vp × √2 × 99%) in the vicinity of the voltage value in full-wave rectification at no load when the harmonic current Ih is small and the boosted voltage is low is set. ing. As described above, the harmonic current Ih is limited over the entire load region of the brushless DC motor 5 if the voltage is boosted to the first voltage value Vc1 that is near the value of the output voltage Vc in full-wave rectification when the
最初にモード切替部88で制御内容が複雑な第2モードが設定された場合から説明する。モータ駆動装置3の停止中は、PWMコンバータ10のスイッチングは停止したままで、全波整流の状態にある。この状態において電源電圧検出部78により電源電圧Vp(実効値)が検出される。続いて、外部からの運転制御指令による運転開始(ON)後、第1比較部72aは、高調波電流検出部75の検出する高調波電流値(高調波電流Ih)と制限値設定部76内の制限値Ihsとを比較する。第1比較部72aの比較結果が“高調波電流Ih≦制限値Ihs”の場合には、PWMコンバータ10のスイッチングの停止を継続する。PWMコンバータ10のスイッチング動作を停止させて、昇圧しない全波整流での運転を行うことでPWMコンバータ10のスイッチングによるロスを低減できる。 <When the second mode is set>
First, the case where the second mode with complicated control content is set by the
そして、第1比較部72aの比較結果が“高調波電流Ih>制限値Ihs”となった場合、続いて、第2比較部72bは、モータ回転数指令値Nsが予め上限回転数記憶部89に記憶されている回転数N1を超えているか否かを判定して、インバータ制御部73による弱め界磁制御の実施が必要な領域にあるか否か(進み角θ>0)を判定する。 As the motor load L increases to some extent due to an increase in the rotational speed N and the current increases, the harmonic current Ih begins to increase.
If the comparison result of the
一方、コンバータ制御部72は、第2比較部72bの比較結果が“モータ回転数指令値Ns>回転数N1”となった時は、インバータ40が弱め界磁制御を必要とする状態にあると判断し、第2電圧値Vc2を昇圧の目標値としてPWMコンバータ10をスイッチング動作させる。 The
On the other hand,
そこで、このようなずれによる制御の不安定を招かないために、コンバータ制御部72は、PWMコンバータ10の出力電圧Vcを第2電圧値Vc2から第1電圧値Vc1に低下させるための条件として、モータ回転数指令値Ns及び実際のブラシレスDCモータ5の回転数Nの両方が(回転数N1-ΔN)より小さくなったことを第5比較部72eの判断条件としても良い。この判断条件は、モータの回転数Nが弱め界磁制御を加える必要がない回転数Nとして、モータ回転数指令値Ns及び実際のブラシレスDCモータ5の回転数Nの両方が(回転数N1-ΔN)より小さい、という条件を用いたものである。 It should be noted that the
Therefore, in order not to cause instability of control due to such a deviation, the
その上で、コンバータ制御部72は、この時点の回転数Nを比較値Ncとしてモータ回転数記憶部90に記憶させる。すなわち、モータ回転数記憶部90は、実運転の環境下で、PWMコンバータ10の出力電圧Vcが第1電圧値Vc1の運転中に、弱め界磁制御を行わなければならなくなる回転数を比較値Ncとして記憶する。そして、第5比較部72eでは、この比較値Ncと実際の運転中の回転数Nを比較しているため、コンバータ制御部72は、より確実に実運転状態における弱め界磁制御の要否(入り・切り)の時期が判断できることになる。 In this modification, the
Then,
続いて、モード切替部88で、運転中はできるだけ高調波電流Ihを発生させない第1モードが設定された場合のPWMコンバータ10の動作を、図8を用いて説明する。 <When the first mode is set>
Next, the operation of the
運転開始の昇圧後の動作は、第2モードと同じであり、上述以外の構成は、第1モードにおいても使用される。 When the first mode is set, during the operation of the motor 5, that is, during the operation of the
The operation after boosting the operation is the same as in the second mode, and configurations other than those described above are also used in the first mode.
出力電圧目標を第1電圧値Vc1としてPWMコンバータ10の運転中に、モータ5の目標回転数がN1以上となる高速度運転域(回転数N>回転数N1)になると、第2モードの場合と同様に、ブラシレスDCモータ5の回転数Nをさらに上昇させるため、コンバータ制御部72は、PWMコンバータ10の出力電圧Vcの目標値を、第1電圧値Vc1からより高い第2電圧値Vc2に変更して、PWMコンバータ10をスイッチング動作させる。以下、PWMコンバータ10が第2電圧値Vc2以上の電圧値を目標として運転している間や第2電圧値Vc2から第1電圧値Vc1への切り換えにおける各部の動作は、第2モードでの運転中と同じであるため、説明を省略する。 At the start of operation of the motor drive device 3, the
When the output voltage target is the first voltage value Vc1 and the
Claims (7)
- 交流電源の電圧を全波整流して直流変換する、またはスイッチングにより昇圧して直流変換するコンバータと、
前記コンバータの出力電圧を交流電圧に変換し、その交流電圧をモータに供給するインバータと、
前記コンバータから流出する高調波電流を検出する高調波電流検出手段と、
第1モードと第2モードを設定可能なモード切替手段と、
前記モード切替手段に第1モードが設定された場合、前記インバータによるモータの運転中は、常に前記コンバータに昇圧を行わせ、前記モード切替手段に第2モードが設定された場合、前記高調波電流検出手段の検出する高調波電流が制限値に達しないうちは前記コンバータのスイッチングを停止して全波整流で直流変換を行わせ、前記高調波電流検出手段の検出する高調波電流が前記制限値に達した場合に、前記コンバータに昇圧を行わせる制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。 A converter that performs full-wave rectification of the voltage of the AC power supply and converts it to DC, or boosts it by switching and converts it to DC.
An inverter for converting the output voltage of the converter into an AC voltage and supplying the AC voltage to the motor;
Harmonic current detecting means for detecting harmonic current flowing out of the converter;
Mode switching means capable of setting the first mode and the second mode;
When the first mode is set in the mode switching means, the converter always boosts the motor during operation of the motor by the inverter, and when the second mode is set in the mode switching means, the harmonic current Before the harmonic current detected by the detection means reaches the limit value, the switching of the converter is stopped and direct-current conversion is performed by full-wave rectification, and the harmonic current detected by the harmonic current detection means is the limit value. Control means for causing the converter to boost when
A motor drive device comprising: - 前記制御手段は、前記コンバータが昇圧する電圧値を設定するために、交流電源の電圧値を検出する電源電圧検出手段を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のモータ駆動装置。 2. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control means includes power supply voltage detection means for detecting a voltage value of an AC power supply in order to set a voltage value to be boosted by the converter.
- 交流電源の電圧をスイッチングにより昇圧して直流変換するコンバータと、
前記コンバータの出力電圧を交流電圧に変換し、その交流電圧をモータに供給するインバータと、
交流電源の電圧値を検出する電源電圧検出手段と、
この電源電圧検出手段の検出電圧に応じて前記インバータによるモータの運転中に前記コンバータが昇圧する電圧値を設定する制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするモータ駆動装置。 A converter that boosts the voltage of the AC power supply by switching and converts it to DC,
An inverter for converting the output voltage of the converter into an AC voltage and supplying the AC voltage to the motor;
Power supply voltage detection means for detecting the voltage value of the AC power supply;
Control means for setting a voltage value to be boosted by the converter during operation of the motor by the inverter according to the detection voltage of the power supply voltage detection means;
A motor drive device comprising: - 前記コンバータが昇圧する電圧値は、交流電源電圧の実効値の√2倍近傍の値であることを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載のモータ駆動装置。 The motor drive device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the voltage value boosted by the converter is a value in the vicinity of √2 times the effective value of the AC power supply voltage.
- 前記コンバータが昇圧する電圧値は、交流電源電圧の実効値の√2倍の98%~102%の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載のモータ駆動装置。 The motor drive device according to claim 4, wherein the voltage value boosted by the converter is in the range of 98% to 102%, which is √2 times the effective value of the AC power supply voltage.
- 前記コンバータは、パルス幅変調された所定周期のPWM信号により断続的にオンするスイッチング素子を有するPWMコンバータであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか記載のモータ駆動装置。 6. The motor driving apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the converter is a PWM converter having a switching element that is intermittently turned on by a PWM signal having a predetermined period that is pulse-width modulated.
- 前記交流電源は、商用三相交流電源であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか記載のモータ駆動装置。 The motor driving device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the AC power source is a commercial three-phase AC power source.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PH12017501812A1 (en) | 2018-04-23 |
KR101980995B1 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
KR20170122829A (en) | 2017-11-06 |
KR20180127546A (en) | 2018-11-28 |
PH12017501812B1 (en) | 2018-04-23 |
JP6511514B2 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
KR101973925B1 (en) | 2019-04-29 |
JPWO2016167041A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
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