WO2016159191A1 - 評価方法、評価装置、評価プログラム、評価システム、及び端末装置 - Google Patents
評価方法、評価装置、評価プログラム、評価システム、及び端末装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016159191A1 WO2016159191A1 PCT/JP2016/060576 JP2016060576W WO2016159191A1 WO 2016159191 A1 WO2016159191 A1 WO 2016159191A1 JP 2016060576 W JP2016060576 W JP 2016060576W WO 2016159191 A1 WO2016159191 A1 WO 2016159191A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6806—Determination of free amino acids
- G01N33/6812—Assays for specific amino acids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
- G01N33/57423—Specifically defined cancers of lung
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/56—Staging of a disease; Further complications associated with the disease
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an evaluation method, an evaluation device, an evaluation program, an evaluation system, and a terminal device.
- Lung cancer is a cancer that is difficult to cure, and when it is discovered, there are more than half of those that have already progressed and cannot be operated on.
- stage I-II the 5-year survival rate for early stage lung cancer is 50% or more, especially for stage IA lung cancer (tumor is 3 cm or less with no lymph node metastasis and invasion of surrounding organs). The rate is about 90%, and early detection is important for lung cancer healing.
- Diagnosis of lung cancer includes radiographs, CT, MRI, PET and other images, sputum cytology, bronchoscopic lung biopsy, percutaneous needle lung biopsy, test thoracotomy or thoracoscopic lung biopsy, etc. .
- diagnosis based on images is not a definitive diagnosis.
- the presence rate in chest X-ray examination is 20%, whereas the specificity is 0.1%, and the presence is found. Most of them are false positives.
- the detection sensitivity is low, and according to the results of examination by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, there are reports that about 80% of lung cancer patients were overlooked in the chest X-ray examination in the case of indirect radiography. In particular, in early lung cancer, there is a concern that these methods may further reduce both detection sensitivity and detection specificity.
- CT, MRI, PET, etc. have problems in carrying out a mass examination in terms of equipment and cost.
- Lung biopsy with bronchoscope, percutaneous needle, test thoracotomy and thoracoscope is a definitive diagnosis, but it is a highly invasive examination, and lung biopsy is performed on all patients suspected of having lung cancer by diagnostic imaging Is not practical.
- invasive diagnoses are burdensome, such as being painful for the patient, and there is also a risk of bleeding due to examination. It is desirable to select subjects with a high likelihood of developing lung cancer using a less invasive method and obtain a definitive diagnosis of lung cancer by lung biopsy. It is desirable from the aspect.
- Non-Patent Document 1 glutamine is mainly used as an oxidative energy source, arginine is used as a nitrogen oxide, As a polyamine precursor, methionine has been reported to increase in consumption in cancer cells by activating methionine uptake ability of cancer cells.
- Non-patent Document 2 Proenza et al.
- Non-patent Document 3 Caszino
- Non-Patent Document 4 an increase in arginase I gene expression and enzyme activity is observed in bone marrow cells in contact with cancer cells, resulting in a decrease in plasma arginine concentration. There is a report.
- Patent Document 3 relating to a method for evaluating the state of lung cancer using amino acid concentration is disclosed. Further, Patent Documents 4-6 relating to a method for associating amino acid concentration with a biological state are disclosed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides an evaluation method, an evaluation device, an evaluation program, an evaluation system, and a terminal device that can provide highly reliable information that can be helpful in knowing the state of lung cancer.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the evaluation method according to the present invention comprises 15 kinds of metabolites (Homoargine (homoarginine), GABA ( ⁇ -aminobutyric acid) ( ⁇ -) in the blood to be evaluated.
- Homoargine homoarginine
- GABA ⁇ -aminobutyric acid
- Aminobutyric acid 3-Me-His (3-methyl-histidine) (3-methylhistidine), ADMA (asymmetric dimethylargine) (asymmetric dimethylarginine), spermine, spermidine, cystathionine, cystathionine Sarcosine (sarcosine), aAiBA ( ⁇ -amino-iso-butyric acid) ( ⁇ -aminoisobutyric acid), bAiBA ( ⁇ -amino-iso-) butyric acid) ( ⁇ -aminoisobutyric acid), putrescine (putrescine), N-acetyl-L-lys (N-acetyl-L-lysine) (N-acetyl-L-lysine), hypotaurine (hypotaurine), bABA ( ⁇ - The method includes an evaluation step of evaluating the state of lung cancer with respect to the evaluation object using at least one concentration value of aminobutyric acid ( ⁇ -aminobutyric acid) and
- 19 kinds of amino acids (Asn, His, Thr, Ala, Cit, Arg, Tyr, Val, Met, (Lys, Trp, Gly, Pro, Orn, Ile, Leu, Phe, Ser, Gln) is further used.
- an expression including a variable into which at least one concentration value of the 15 types of metabolites is substituted (hereinafter, an evaluation expression and Is further used to calculate the value of the formula (hereinafter may be referred to as the value of the evaluation formula or the evaluation value), thereby evaluating the state of lung cancer for the evaluation target. It is characterized by this.
- the evaluation step further uses a concentration value of at least one of the 19 kinds of amino acids in the blood to be evaluated. It further includes a variable to which at least one concentration value of the amino acids of the types is substituted.
- the evaluation apparatus is an evaluation apparatus including a control unit, and the control unit uses a concentration value of at least one of the 15 types of metabolites in the blood to be evaluated, An evaluation means for evaluating the state of lung cancer is provided for the evaluation object.
- the evaluation method according to the present invention is an evaluation method executed in an information processing apparatus including a control unit, and is executed by the control unit among the 15 types of metabolites in the blood to be evaluated. And an evaluation step of evaluating a state of lung cancer for the evaluation object using at least one concentration value.
- the evaluation program according to the present invention is an evaluation program for execution in an information processing apparatus provided with a control unit, and the 15 types of metabolites in the blood to be evaluated for execution in the control unit.
- a recording medium is a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, and includes a programmed instruction for causing an information processing apparatus to execute the evaluation method.
- the evaluation system includes an evaluation device including a control unit and a control unit, and provides concentration data regarding at least one concentration value of the 15 types of metabolites in the blood to be evaluated.
- An evaluation system configured by connecting a terminal device to be communicable via a network, wherein the control unit of the terminal device transmits concentration data to be evaluated to the evaluation device.
- a result receiving means for receiving an evaluation result relating to a state of lung cancer in the evaluation target, transmitted from the evaluation apparatus, wherein the control unit of the evaluation apparatus transmits the evaluation transmitted from the terminal apparatus.
- the density data receiving means for receiving the density data of the target, and the density data of the evaluation target received by the density data receiving means A result of transmitting the evaluation result obtained by the evaluation means to the terminal device using the concentration value of at least one of the metabolites of the class, and evaluating the lung cancer state for the evaluation object And a transmission means.
- the terminal device is a terminal device including a control unit, and the control unit includes a result acquisition unit that acquires an evaluation result regarding a state of lung cancer in an evaluation target, and the evaluation result is It is a result of evaluating the state of lung cancer with respect to the evaluation object using the concentration value of at least one of the 15 types of metabolites in the blood of the evaluation object.
- the terminal device is configured to be communicably connected to an evaluation device that evaluates the state of lung cancer for the evaluation target via the network in the terminal device.
- the apparatus further comprises concentration data transmitting means for transmitting concentration data related to the concentration value of at least one of the 15 types of metabolites in the blood to be evaluated to the evaluation apparatus, and the result acquisition means transmits from the evaluation apparatus Receiving the evaluated result.
- the evaluation apparatus is connected to a terminal device that provides concentration data related to the concentration value of at least one of the 15 types of metabolites in the blood to be evaluated via a network
- An evaluation apparatus including a control unit, wherein the control unit receives density data of the evaluation target transmitted from the terminal device, and the evaluation target received by the density data receiving unit Obtained by the evaluation means for evaluating the state of lung cancer for the evaluation object using the concentration value of at least one of the 15 types of metabolites included in the concentration data of And a result transmitting means for transmitting the evaluation result to the terminal device.
- the state of lung cancer is evaluated for the evaluation object using the concentration value of at least one of the 15 types of metabolites in the blood of the evaluation object, it is useful for knowing the state of lung cancer. It is possible to provide highly reliable information that can be.
- FIG. 1 is a principle configuration diagram showing the basic principle of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a principle configuration diagram showing the basic principle of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the overall configuration of the present system.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of the overall configuration of the present system.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the evaluation apparatus 100 of this system.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the user information file 106a.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of information stored in the density data file 106b.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the index state information file 106c.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the designated index state information file 106d.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the evaluation formula file 106e1.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the evaluation result file 106f.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the evaluation unit 102i.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the client device 200 of the present system.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the database apparatus 400 of this system.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 46 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 48 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 49 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 50 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 51 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 52 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 53 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 54 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 55 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 56 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 57 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 58 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 59 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 60 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 61 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 62 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 63 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 64 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 65 is a diagram showing chromatograms when the pool plasma of healthy subjects and the pool plasma of lung cancer patients were measured.
- FIG. 66 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 67 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 68 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 69 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 70 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 71 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- FIG. 72 is a diagram showing a list of logistic regression equations.
- Embodiments of an evaluation method according to the present invention (first embodiment) and embodiments of an evaluation apparatus, an evaluation method, an evaluation program, a recording medium, an evaluation system, and a terminal device according to the present invention (second embodiment) ) Will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a principle configuration diagram showing the basic principle of the first embodiment.
- At least one of the above-mentioned 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids in blood is acquired (step S11).
- concentration data relating to the blood substance measured by a company or the like that performs concentration value measurement may be acquired.
- the blood substance concentration value is measured by measuring the blood substance concentration value from the blood collected from the evaluation object by, for example, the following measurement method (A), (B), or (C).
- Concentration data may be acquired.
- the unit of the concentration value of the blood substance may be, for example, a molar concentration, a weight concentration or an enzyme activity, and may be obtained by adding / subtracting / subtracting an arbitrary constant to / from these concentrations.
- Plasma is separated from blood by centrifuging the collected blood sample. All plasma samples are stored frozen at ⁇ 80 ° C. until the concentration value is measured.
- concentration value measurement acetonitrile was added to remove protein, followed by precolumn derivatization using a labeling reagent (3-aminopyridyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate), and liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry The concentration value is analyzed by a meter (LC / MS) (see International Publication No. 2003/069328, International Publication No. 2005/116629).
- LC / MS liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry
- sulfosalicylic acid is added to remove the protein, and then the concentration value is analyzed by an amino acid analyzer based on the post-column derivatization method using a ninhydrin reagent.
- C The collected blood sample is subjected to blood cell separation using a membrane, MEMS technology, or the principle of centrifugation to separate plasma or serum from the blood. Plasma or serum samples that are not measured immediately after plasma or serum are obtained are stored frozen at ⁇ 80 ° C. until the concentration is measured.
- the concentration value is analyzed by quantifying a substance that increases or decreases by substrate recognition or a spectroscopic value using a molecule that reacts with or binds to a target blood substance such as an enzyme or an aptamer.
- At least one concentration value of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids included in the concentration data acquired in step S11 is used as an evaluation value for evaluating the state of lung cancer. Then, the state of lung cancer is evaluated for the evaluation target (step S12). Note that before executing step S12, data such as missing values and outliers may be removed from the density data acquired in step S11.
- concentration data to be evaluated is acquired in step S11, and in step S12, the 15 types of metabolites included in the evaluation object concentration data acquired in step S11 and the above-described concentration data.
- concentration data to be evaluated is acquired in step S11, and in step S12, the 15 types of metabolites included in the evaluation object concentration data acquired in step S11 and the above-described concentration data.
- the state of lung cancer is evaluated for the evaluation object. Thereby, it is possible to provide highly reliable information that can be helpful in knowing the state of lung cancer.
- the concentration value of at least one of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids reflects the state of lung cancer for the evaluation target. It may be determined that the value after conversion is reflected by the lung cancer state of the evaluation target. In other words, the density value or the converted value itself may be treated as an evaluation result regarding the state of lung cancer for the evaluation target.
- the possible range of the density value is a predetermined range (for example, a range from 0.0 to 1.0, a range from 0.0 to 10.0, a range from 0.0 to 100.0, or -10.0 to
- a predetermined range for example, exponential conversion, logarithmic conversion, Conversion by angle conversion, square root conversion, probit conversion, reciprocal conversion, Box-Cox conversion, power conversion, etc., and by combining these calculations for density values, the density values are converted. May be.
- the value of an exponential function with the concentration value as the index and the Napier number as the base (specifically, the probability p that the state of the lung cancer is a predetermined state (for example, a state exceeding the reference value, etc.) is defined.
- the natural logarithm ln (p / (1-p)) when the natural logarithm ln is equal to the concentration value) may be further calculated, and the calculated exponential function value may be 1 And a value divided by the sum of the value and the value (specifically, the value of the probability p) may be further calculated. Further, the density value may be converted so that the value after conversion under a specific condition becomes a specific value.
- the density value may be converted so that the value after conversion when the specificity is 80% is 5.0 and the value after conversion when the specificity is 95% is 8.0.
- the concentration distribution may be converted into a normal distribution and then converted into a deviation value so that the average is 50 and the standard deviation is 10.
- position information regarding the position of a predetermined mark on a predetermined ruler that is visibly displayed on a display device such as a monitor or a physical medium such as paper is obtained from at least the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids.
- the predetermined ruler is used for evaluating the state of lung cancer.
- the ruler is a ruler with a scale, and the range of the concentration value or the value after conversion, That is, at least a scale corresponding to the upper limit value and the lower limit value in “part” is shown.
- the predetermined mark corresponds to the density value or the value after conversion, and is, for example, a circle mark or a star mark.
- the concentration value of at least one of the 15 kinds of metabolites and the 19 kinds of amino acids is a predetermined value (mean value ⁇ 1SD, 2SD, 3SD, N quantile, N percentile, or clinical significance is recognized.
- the condition of lung cancer may be evaluated with respect to the evaluation target when the value is lower than or lower than a predetermined value or higher than the predetermined value or higher than the predetermined value.
- a concentration deviation value (a value obtained by normalizing the concentration distribution by gender for each metabolite and each amino acid and then making the deviation value so that the average is 50 and the standard deviation is 10) It may be used.
- the evaluation subject is lung cancer.
- the state may be evaluated.
- the condition of lung cancer may be evaluated for the evaluation object by calculating the value of the expression using an expression including
- the calculated formula value may be determined to reflect the state of lung cancer about the evaluation target, and further, the formula value is converted by, for example, the following method, and the converted value is You may determine that it reflects the state of the lung cancer about evaluation object. In other words, the value of the expression or the converted value itself may be treated as an evaluation result regarding the state of lung cancer for the evaluation target.
- a possible range of the value of the evaluation formula is a predetermined range (for example, a range from 0.0 to 1.0, a range from 0.0 to 10.0, a range from 0.0 to 100.0, or ⁇ 10.
- an arbitrary value is added / subtracted / divided / divided with respect to the value of the evaluation expression, or the value of the evaluation expression is converted into a predetermined conversion method (for example, Such as exponential transformation, logarithmic transformation, angular transformation, square root transformation, probit transformation, reciprocal transformation, Box-Cox transformation, or exponentiation transformation), or a combination of these calculations for the value of the evaluation expression By doing so, the value of the evaluation formula may be converted.
- a predetermined conversion method for example, Such as exponential transformation, logarithmic transformation, angular transformation, square root transformation, probit transformation, reciprocal transformation, Box-Cox transformation, or exponentiation transformation
- a value p of an exponential function having an evaluation formula value as an index and a Napier number as a base is defined.
- a probability p that a lung cancer state is a predetermined state for example, a state exceeding a reference value, etc.
- the natural logarithm ln (p / (1-p)) is equal to the value of the evaluation formula)
- the calculated exponential function may be calculated.
- a value obtained by dividing the value of 1 by the sum of 1 and the value (specifically, the value of probability p) may be further calculated.
- the value of the evaluation expression may be converted so that the value after conversion under a specific condition becomes a specific value.
- the value of the evaluation expression may be converted so that the value after conversion when the specificity is 80% is 5.0 and the value after conversion when the specificity is 95% is 8.0.
- the deviation value may be converted to an average of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. These conversions may be performed by gender or age.
- the evaluation value in this specification may be the value of the evaluation formula itself, or may be a value after converting the value of the evaluation formula.
- the position information on the position of a predetermined mark on a predetermined ruler that is visible on a display device such as a monitor or a physical medium such as paper is converted into an expression value or the value of the expression It may be generated using a later value and it may be determined that the generated position information reflects the state of lung cancer for the evaluation target.
- the predetermined ruler is for evaluating the state of lung cancer.
- the ruler is a ruler with a scale, and the expression range or the range after conversion can be taken, or the range , A scale corresponding to the upper limit value and the lower limit value in “part of” is shown at least.
- the predetermined mark corresponds to the value of the expression or the value after conversion, and is, for example, a circle mark or a star mark.
- the degree of possibility that the evaluation target suffers from lung cancer may be qualitatively evaluated.
- “at least one concentration value of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids and one or more preset threshold values” or “the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of metabolites” An evaluation formula including a variable to which at least one concentration value of the amino acids of the above-mentioned amino acids, at least one concentration value of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids are substituted, and one or more preset values
- the evaluation target may be classified into any one of a plurality of categories defined in consideration of at least the degree of possibility of suffering from lung cancer.
- categories for example, described in the examples for belonging to subjects who are highly likely to be affected by lung cancer (for example, subjects considered to be affected by lung cancer) Rank C or the like), a category (for example, Rank A or the like described in the examples) for assigning a subject having a low possibility of suffering from lung cancer (for example, a subject regarded as not having lung cancer) ), And a category (for example, rank B described in the examples) for belonging to a subject having a moderate possibility of suffering from lung cancer may be included.
- a plurality of categories include a category for assigning a subject having a high possibility of suffering from lung cancer (for example, the lung cancer category described in Examples), and a possibility of suffering from lung cancer.
- categories for belonging to subjects with a low degree of disease for example, healthy categories for belonging to subjects that are highly likely to be healthy (for example, subjects that are considered healthy) described in the Examples) It may be.
- the density value or the expression value may be converted by a predetermined method, and the evaluation target may be classified into any one of a plurality of categories using the converted value.
- the form of the formula is not particularly limited.
- multiple regression formula based on least square method linear discriminant, linear model such as principal component analysis, canonical discriminant analysis, logistic regression based on maximum likelihood method, Cox regression, etc.
- Formulas created by cluster analysis such as generalized linear models, generalized linear models plus generalized linear mixed models that take into account random effects such as inter-individual differences and inter-facility differences, K-means method, hierarchical cluster analysis, etc.
- MCMC Markov chain Monte Carlo method
- Bayesian network Hierarchical Bayes method
- formulas created based on Bayesian statistics formulas created by class classification such as support vector machines and decision trees, fractional formulas, methods that do not belong to the above categories
- class classification such as support vector machines and decision trees
- fractional formulas methods that do not belong to the above categories
- any one of the formulas created by and the sum of different types of formulas any one of the formulas created by and the sum of different types of formulas.
- the formula adopted as the evaluation formula is described in, for example, the method described in International Publication No. 2004/052191 that is an international application by the present applicant or International Publication No. 2006/098192 that is an international application by the present applicant. You may create by the method of. It should be noted that the formulas obtained by these methods are suitable for evaluating the state of lung cancer regardless of the metabolite and / or amino acid concentration value unit in the concentration data as input data. Can be used.
- a coefficient and a constant term are added to each variable.
- the coefficient and the constant term are preferably real numbers, and more preferably May be any value belonging to the range of the 99% confidence interval of the coefficient and constant term obtained for performing the various classifications from the data, and more preferably, the value obtained for performing the various classifications from the data. Any value may be used as long as it falls within the 95% confidence interval of the obtained coefficient and constant term.
- the value of each coefficient and its confidence interval may be obtained by multiplying it by a real number, and the value of the constant term and its confidence interval may be obtained by adding / subtracting / multiplying / dividing an arbitrary real constant thereto.
- the fractional expression means that the numerator of the fractional expression is represented by the sum of variables A, B, C,... And / or the denominator of the fractional expression is the sum of variables a, b, c,. It is represented by
- the fractional expression includes a sum of fractional expressions ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ,.
- the fractional expression also includes a divided fractional expression. Note that each variable used in the numerator and denominator may have an appropriate coefficient. The variables used for the numerator and denominator may overlap. Further, an appropriate coefficient may be attached to each fractional expression. Further, the value of the coefficient of each variable and the value of the constant term may be real numbers.
- the fractional expression includes one in which the numerator variable and the denominator variable are interchanged.
- Albumin total protein, triglyceride (neutral fat), HbA1c, glycated albumin, insulin resistance index, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, amylase, total bilirubin, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), uric acid, GOT (AST), GPT (ALT), GGTP ( ⁇ -GTP), glucose (blood glucose level), CRP (C-reactive protein), red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, white blood cells, platelet count, etc.
- FIG. 2 is a principle configuration diagram showing the basic principle of the second embodiment.
- the description overlapping the first embodiment described above may be omitted.
- the value of the evaluation formula or the value after the conversion is used as an example when evaluating the state of lung cancer is described here, for example, “the above 15 types of metabolites and the above 19 types of metabolites”
- a concentration value of at least one of “amino acids” or a value after the conversion may be used.
- the control unit is included in the concentration data of the evaluation target (for example, an individual such as an animal or a human) acquired in advance regarding the concentration value of at least one of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids in the blood. , At least one concentration value of the 15 metabolites and the 19 amino acids, and a variable to which at least one concentration value of the 15 metabolites and the 19 amino acids is substituted.
- the state of the lung cancer is evaluated for the evaluation target by calculating the value of the expression using the expression stored in advance in the storage unit (step S21).
- step S21 at least one concentration value of the 15 kinds of metabolites and the 19 kinds of amino acids included in the concentration data to be evaluated, and the evaluation formula By calculating the value of the evaluation formula using an expression including a variable to which at least one concentration value of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids stored in the storage unit is substituted. Evaluate the status of lung cancer for the subject to be evaluated. Thereby, it is possible to provide highly reliable information that can be helpful in knowing the state of lung cancer.
- step 1 to step 4 the outline of the evaluation formula creation process (step 1 to step 4) will be described in detail. Note that the processing described here is merely an example, and the method of creating the evaluation formula is not limited to this.
- control unit is a candidate formula (evaluation formula candidate) based on a predetermined formula creation method from index state information stored in advance in the storage unit including concentration data and index data relating to an index representing the state of lung cancer.
- y a1x1 + a2x2 +... + Anxn
- y index data
- xi density data
- ai constant
- i 1, 2,..., N
- step 1 multiple different formula creation methods (principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, support vector machine, multiple regression analysis, Cox regression analysis, logistic regression analysis, k-means method, cluster analysis, determination from index state information
- a plurality of candidate expressions may be created using a combination of multivariate analysis such as trees).
- index state information which is multivariate data composed of concentration data and index data obtained by analyzing blood obtained from many healthy groups and lung cancer groups.
- a plurality of groups of candidate formulas may be created concurrently.
- discriminant analysis and logistic regression analysis may be performed simultaneously using different algorithms to create two different candidate formulas.
- the candidate formulas may be created by converting index state information using candidate formulas created by performing principal component analysis and performing discriminant analysis on the converted index status information. Thereby, finally, an optimal evaluation formula can be created.
- the candidate formula created using the principal component analysis is a linear formula including each variable that maximizes the variance of all density data.
- Candidate formulas created using discriminant analysis are high-order formulas (including exponents and logarithms) that contain variables that minimize the ratio of the sum of variances within each group to the variance of all concentration data. is there.
- the candidate formula created using the support vector machine is a high-order formula (including a kernel function) including variables that maximize the boundary between groups.
- the candidate formula created using the multiple regression analysis is a high-order formula including each variable that minimizes the sum of the distances from all density data.
- the candidate formula created using Cox regression analysis is a linear model including a log hazard ratio, and is a linear expression including each variable and its coefficient that maximize the likelihood of the model.
- the candidate formula created using logistic regression analysis is a linear model that represents log odds of probability, and is a linear formula that includes each variable that maximizes the likelihood of the probability.
- k-means method k neighborhoods of each density data are searched, the largest group among the groups to which the neighboring points belong is defined as the group to which the data belongs, and the group to which the input density data belongs. This is a method for selecting a variable that best matches the group defined as.
- Cluster analysis is a technique for clustering (grouping) points that are closest to each other in all density data. Further, the decision tree is a technique for predicting a group of density data from patterns that can be taken by variables with higher ranks by adding ranks to the variables.
- control unit verifies (mutually verifies) the candidate formula created in step 1 based on a predetermined verification method (step 2).
- Candidate expressions are verified for each candidate expression created in step 1.
- step 2 the discrimination rate, sensitivity, specificity, information criterion, ROC_AUC (reception of candidate expressions) based on at least one of the bootstrap method, holdout method, N-fold method, leave one-out method, etc.
- the area under the curve of the person characteristic curve may be verified.
- the discrimination rate is a lung cancer evaluation method according to the present embodiment.
- An evaluation object whose true state is negative for example, an evaluation object that does not suffer from lung cancer
- the true state Is a rate at which an evaluation object (for example, an evaluation object suffering from lung cancer) is correctly evaluated as positive.
- Sensitivity is the rate at which an evaluation object whose true state is positive is correctly evaluated as positive in the lung cancer evaluation method according to the present embodiment.
- the specificity is a ratio in which the evaluation object whose true state is negative is correctly evaluated as negative in the lung cancer evaluation method according to the present embodiment.
- the Akaike Information Criterion is a standard that expresses how closely the observed data matches the statistical model in the case of regression analysis, etc., and is expressed as “ ⁇ 2 ⁇ (maximum log likelihood of statistical model) + 2 ⁇ (statistics).
- the model having the smallest value defined by “the number of free parameters of the model)” is determined to be the best.
- ROC_AUC area under the curve of the receiver characteristic curve
- ROC receiver characteristic curve
- the value of ROC_AUC is 1 in complete discrimination, and the closer this value is to 1, the higher the discriminability.
- the predictability is an average of the discrimination rate, sensitivity, and specificity obtained by repeating the verification of candidate formulas.
- Robustness is the variance of discrimination rate, sensitivity, and specificity obtained by repeating verification of candidate formulas.
- control unit selects a variable of the candidate formula based on a predetermined variable selection method, so that the combination of density data included in the index state information used when creating the candidate formula is selected. Select (step 3).
- the selection of variables may be performed for each candidate formula created in step 1. Thereby, the variable of a candidate formula can be selected appropriately.
- Step 1 is executed again using the index state information including the density data selected in Step 3.
- the candidate expression variable may be selected from the verification result in step 2 based on at least one of the stepwise method, the best path method, the neighborhood search method, and the genetic algorithm.
- the best path method is a method of selecting variables by sequentially reducing the variables included in the candidate formula one by one and optimizing the evaluation index given by the candidate formula.
- the control unit repeatedly executes the above-described step 1, step 2, and step 3, and adopts it as an evaluation formula from a plurality of candidate formulas based on the verification results accumulated thereby.
- An evaluation formula is created by selecting candidate formulas (step 4).
- the selection of candidate formulas includes, for example, selecting an optimal formula from candidate formulas created by the same formula creation method and selecting an optimal formula from all candidate formulas.
- evaluation formula creation process processing related to creation of candidate formulas, verification of candidate formulas and selection of variables of candidate formulas is systematized (systemized) based on the index status information. This makes it possible to create an optimal evaluation formula for evaluating lung cancer.
- the concentration of the blood substance containing at least one of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids is used for multivariate statistical analysis, and an optimal and robust set of variables is set.
- an evaluation formula with high evaluation performance is extracted by combining the variable selection method and cross validation.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of the present system.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of the overall configuration of the present system.
- the present system includes an evaluation apparatus 100 that evaluates the state of lung cancer for an individual to be evaluated, and at least one of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids in blood.
- a client device 200 (corresponding to the terminal device of the present invention) that provides individual concentration data relating to the concentration value of the contained blood substance is connected via a network 300 so as to be communicable.
- the present system is used when evaluating the index state information used when creating an evaluation formula in the evaluation device 100 and the state of lung cancer, as shown in FIG.
- the database apparatus 400 storing the evaluation formula and the like may be configured to be communicably connected via the network 300.
- information that is useful for knowing the state of lung cancer is provided from the evaluation apparatus 100 to the client apparatus 200 or the database apparatus 400, or from the client apparatus 200 or the database apparatus 400 to the evaluation apparatus 100 via the network 300.
- the information that is helpful in knowing the state of lung cancer is, for example, information about values measured for specific items related to the state of lung cancer of organisms including humans.
- information that is useful for knowing the state of lung cancer is generated by the evaluation apparatus 100, the client apparatus 200, and other apparatuses (for example, various measurement apparatuses) and is mainly stored in the database apparatus 400.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the evaluation apparatus 100 of the present system, and conceptually shows only the portion related to the present invention in the configuration.
- the evaluation apparatus 100 can communicate the evaluation apparatus with the network 300 via a control unit 102 such as a CPU that comprehensively controls the evaluation apparatus, a communication apparatus such as a router, and a wired or wireless communication line such as a dedicated line.
- the evaluation apparatus 100 may be configured in the same housing as various analysis apparatuses (for example, an amino acid analysis apparatus).
- a configuration for calculating (measuring) and outputting (printing, monitor display, etc.) a concentration value of a predetermined blood substance containing at least one of the 15 kinds of metabolites and 19 kinds of amino acids in the blood In a small analyzer equipped with hardware and software, an evaluation unit 102i described later may be further provided, and a result obtained by the evaluation unit 102i may be output using the above configuration.
- the storage unit 106 is a storage means, and for example, a memory device such as a RAM / ROM, a fixed disk device such as a hard disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, or the like can be used.
- the storage unit 106 stores a computer program for giving instructions to the CPU and performing various processes in cooperation with an OS (Operating System).
- the storage unit 106 includes a user information file 106a, a density data file 106b, an index state information file 106c, a specified index state information file 106d, an evaluation formula related information database 106e, and an evaluation result file 106f. , Store.
- the user information file 106a stores user information related to users.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the user information file 106a.
- the information stored in the user information file 106a includes a user ID for uniquely identifying a user and authentication for whether or not the user is a valid person.
- the concentration data file 106b stores concentration data relating to concentration values of blood substances including at least one of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids in the blood.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of information stored in the density data file 106b.
- the information stored in the density data file 106b is configured by associating an individual number for uniquely identifying an individual (sample) to be evaluated with density data.
- the density data is handled as a numerical value, that is, a continuous scale, but the density data may be a nominal scale or an order scale. In the case of a nominal scale or an order scale, analysis may be performed by giving an arbitrary numerical value to each state.
- values related to other biological information may be combined with the density data.
- the index state information file 106c stores the index state information used when creating the evaluation formula.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the index state information file 106c.
- the information stored in the index state information file 106c includes an individual number and index data (T) relating to an index (index T1, index T2, index T3,...) Representing a lung cancer state, Concentration data is associated with each other.
- the index data and the density data are handled as numerical values (that is, continuous scales), but the index data and the density data may be nominal scales or order scales. In the case of a nominal scale or an order scale, analysis may be performed by giving an arbitrary numerical value to each state.
- the index data is a known index that serves as a marker of lung cancer status, and numerical data may be used.
- the designated index state information file 106d stores the index state information designated by the index state information designation unit 102g described later.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the designated index state information file 106d. As shown in FIG. 9, the information stored in the designated index state information file 106d is configured by associating an individual number, designated index data, and designated density data with each other.
- the evaluation formula related information database 106e includes an evaluation formula file 106e1 that stores an evaluation formula created by the evaluation formula creation unit 102h described later.
- the evaluation formula file 106e1 stores the evaluation formula.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the evaluation formula file 106e1.
- the information stored in the evaluation formula file 106e1 includes the rank, the evaluation formula (in FIG. 10, Fp (Homo,%), Fp (Homo, GABA, Asn), Fk (Homo, GABA, Asn, etc), A threshold value corresponding to each formula creation method, and a verification result of each evaluation formula (for example, an evaluation value of each evaluation formula) are associated with each other.
- the letters “Homo” mean Homoargine.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of information stored in the evaluation result file 106f.
- Information stored in the evaluation result file 106f includes an individual number for uniquely identifying an individual (sample) to be evaluated, concentration data of the individual acquired in advance, and an evaluation result regarding the state of lung cancer (for example, described later)
- the value of the evaluation formula calculated by the calculation unit 102i1 the value after converting the value of the evaluation formula by the conversion unit 102i2 described later, the position information generated by the generation unit 102i3 described later, or the classification unit 102i4 described later Classification results, etc.
- the storage unit 106 stores various types of Web data for providing the Web site to the client device 200, CGI programs, and the like as other information in addition to the information described above.
- the Web data includes data for displaying various Web pages, which will be described later, and the data is formed as a text file described in, for example, HTML or XML.
- a part file, a work file, and other temporary files for creating Web data are also stored in the storage unit 106.
- the storage unit 106 stores audio for transmission to the client device 200 as an audio file such as WAVE format or AIFF format, and stores still images and moving images as image files such as JPEG format or MPEG2 format as necessary. Or can be stored.
- the communication interface unit 104 mediates communication between the evaluation device 100 and the network 300 (or a communication device such as a router). That is, the communication interface unit 104 has a function of communicating data with other terminals via a communication line.
- the input / output interface unit 108 is connected to the input device 112 and the output device 114.
- a monitor including a home television
- a speaker or a printer can be used as the output device 114 (hereinafter, the output device 114 may be described as the monitor 114).
- the input device 112 a monitor that realizes a pointing device function in cooperation with a mouse can be used in addition to a keyboard, a mouse, and a microphone.
- the control unit 102 has an internal memory for storing a control program such as an OS (Operating System), a program that defines various processing procedures, and necessary data, and performs various information processing based on these programs. Execute. As shown in the figure, the control unit 102 is roughly divided into a request interpretation unit 102a, a browsing processing unit 102b, an authentication processing unit 102c, an e-mail generation unit 102d, a web page generation unit 102e, a reception unit 102f, and an index state information designation unit 102g. An evaluation formula creation unit 102h, an evaluation unit 102i, a result output unit 102j, and a transmission unit 102k are provided. The control unit 102 removes data with missing values, removes data with many outliers, and has data with missing values from the index state information sent from the database device 400 and the density data sent from the client device 200. Data processing such as removal of many variables is also performed.
- OS Operating System
- the request interpretation unit 102a interprets the request content from the client device 200 or the database device 400, and passes the processing to each unit of the control unit 102 according to the interpretation result.
- the browsing processing unit 102b Upon receiving browsing requests for various screens from the client device 200, the browsing processing unit 102b generates and transmits Web data for these screens.
- the authentication processing unit 102c makes an authentication determination.
- the e-mail generation unit 102d generates an e-mail including various types of information.
- the web page generation unit 102e generates a web page that the user browses on the client device 200.
- the receiving unit 102f receives information (specifically, concentration data, index state information, evaluation formulas, etc.) transmitted from the client device 200 or the database device 400 via the network 300.
- the index state information specifying unit 102g specifies target index data and density data when creating an evaluation formula.
- the evaluation formula creating unit 102h creates an evaluation formula based on the index status information received by the receiving unit 102f and the index status information specified by the index status information specifying unit 102g.
- the evaluation formula creation unit 102h creates the evaluation formula by selecting a desired evaluation formula from the storage unit 106. Also good. Further, the evaluation formula creation unit 102h may create an evaluation formula by selecting and downloading a desired evaluation formula from another computer device (for example, the database device 400) that stores the evaluation formula in advance.
- the evaluation unit 102i is a formula obtained in advance (for example, an evaluation formula created by the evaluation formula creation unit 102h or an evaluation formula received by the reception unit 102f) and the concentration data of the individual received by the reception unit 102f.
- the evaluation unit 102i uses the concentration value of at least one of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids or the converted value of the concentration value (for example, the concentration deviation value) for an individual for lung cancer. The state may be evaluated.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the evaluation unit 102i, and conceptually shows only the portion related to the present invention.
- the evaluation unit 102i further includes a calculation unit 102i1, a conversion unit 102i2, a generation unit 102i3, and a classification unit 102i4.
- the calculation unit 102i1 substitutes at least one concentration value of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids and at least one concentration value of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids.
- the value of the evaluation formula is calculated using the evaluation formula including at least the variable to be processed. Note that the evaluation unit 102i may store the value of the evaluation formula calculated by the calculation unit 102i1 as an evaluation result in a predetermined storage area of the evaluation result file 106f.
- the conversion unit 102i2 converts the value of the evaluation formula calculated by the calculation unit 102i1 using, for example, the conversion method described above.
- the evaluation unit 102i may store the value after conversion by the conversion unit 102i2 as an evaluation result in a predetermined storage area of the evaluation result file 106f.
- the conversion unit 102i2 may convert at least one concentration value of the 15 types of metabolites and the 19 types of amino acids included in the concentration data by, for example, the conversion method described above.
- the generation unit 102i3 uses the value of the expression calculated by the calculation unit 102i1 or the conversion unit 102i2 for position information regarding the position of the predetermined mark on a predetermined ruler that is visibly displayed on a display device such as a monitor or a physical medium such as paper. It is generated using the value after conversion in (which may be a density value or a value after conversion of the density value). Note that the evaluation unit 102i may store the position information generated by the generation unit 102i3 in a predetermined storage area of the evaluation result file 106f as an evaluation result.
- the classification unit 102i4 uses the value of the evaluation formula calculated by the calculation unit 102i1 or the value converted by the conversion unit 102i2 (which may be a concentration value or a value after conversion of the concentration value) to cause an individual to suffer from lung cancer. And classifying it into any one of a plurality of categories defined in consideration of at least the degree of the possibility of being performed.
- the result output unit 102j outputs the processing result (including the evaluation result obtained by the evaluation unit 102i) in each processing unit of the control unit 102 to the output device 114.
- the transmission unit 102k transmits the evaluation result to the client device 200 that is the transmission source of the individual concentration data, or transmits the evaluation formula and the evaluation result created by the evaluation device 100 to the database device 400.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the client device 200 of the present system, and conceptually shows only the portion related to the present invention in the configuration.
- the client device 200 includes a control unit 210, a ROM 220, an HD 230, a RAM 240, an input device 250, an output device 260, an input / output IF 270, and a communication IF 280. These units are communicably connected via an arbitrary communication path. Has been.
- the control unit 210 includes a web browser 211, an electronic mailer 212, a reception unit 213, and a transmission unit 214.
- the web browser 211 interprets the web data and performs a browsing process for displaying the interpreted web data on a monitor 261 described later. Note that the web browser 211 may be plugged in with various software such as a stream player having a function of receiving, displaying, and feedbacking the stream video.
- the electronic mailer 212 transmits and receives electronic mail according to a predetermined communication protocol (for example, SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3), etc.).
- the receiving unit 213 receives various types of information such as an evaluation result transmitted from the evaluation device 100 via the communication IF 280.
- the transmission unit 214 transmits various information such as individual concentration data to the evaluation apparatus 100 via the communication IF 280.
- the input device 250 is a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, or the like.
- a monitor 261 which will be described later, also realizes a pointing device function in cooperation with the mouse.
- the output device 260 is an output unit that outputs information received via the communication IF 280, and includes a monitor (including a home television) 261 and a printer 262. In addition, the output device 260 may be provided with a speaker or the like.
- the input / output IF 270 is connected to the input device 250 and the output device 260.
- the communication IF 280 connects the client device 200 and the network 300 (or a communication device such as a router) so that they can communicate with each other.
- the client device 200 is connected to the network 300 via a communication device such as a modem, TA, or router and a telephone line, or via a dedicated line.
- the client apparatus 200 can access the evaluation apparatus 100 according to a predetermined communication protocol.
- an information processing device for example, a known personal computer, workstation, home game device, Internet TV, PHS terminal, portable terminal, mobile body
- peripheral devices such as a printer, a monitor, and an image scanner as necessary.
- the client apparatus 200 may be realized by mounting software (including programs, data, and the like) that realizes a Web data browsing function and an electronic mail function in a communication terminal / information processing terminal such as a PDA.
- control unit 210 of the client device 200 may be realized by a CPU and a program that is interpreted and executed by the CPU and all or any part of the processing performed by the control unit 210.
- the ROM 220 or the HD 230 stores computer programs for giving instructions to the CPU in cooperation with an OS (Operating System) and performing various processes.
- the computer program is executed by being loaded into the RAM 240, and constitutes the control unit 210 in cooperation with the CPU.
- the computer program may be recorded in an application program server connected to the client apparatus 200 via an arbitrary network, and the client apparatus 200 may download all or a part thereof as necessary. .
- all or any part of the processing performed by the control unit 210 may be realized by hardware such as wired logic.
- control unit 210 includes an evaluation unit 210a (a calculation unit 210a1, a conversion unit 210a2, a generation unit 210a3, a classification unit, and a classification unit having functions similar to the functions of the evaluation unit 102i provided in the control unit 102 of the evaluation apparatus 100. Part 210a4). And when the evaluation part 210a is provided in the control part 210, the evaluation part 210a changes the value of an expression in the conversion part 210a2 according to the information contained in the evaluation result transmitted from the evaluation apparatus 100.
- the network 300 has a function of connecting the evaluation apparatus 100, the client apparatus 200, and the database apparatus 400 so that they can communicate with each other, such as the Internet, an intranet, or a LAN (including both wired and wireless).
- the network 300 includes a VAN, a personal computer communication network, a public telephone network (including both analog / digital), a dedicated line network (including both analog / digital), a CATV network, and a mobile line switching network.
- mobile packet switching network including IMT2000 system, GSM (registered trademark) system or PDC / PDC-P system
- wireless paging network including local wireless network such as Bluetooth (registered trademark)
- PHS network including CS, BS or ISDB
- satellite A communication network including CS, BS or ISDB
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the database apparatus 400 of this system, and conceptually shows only the portion related to the present invention in the configuration.
- the database device 400 has a function of storing index state information used when creating an evaluation formula in the evaluation device 100 or the database device, an evaluation formula created in the evaluation device 100, an evaluation result in the evaluation device 100, and the like.
- the database device 400 includes a control unit 402 such as a CPU that controls the database device in an integrated manner, a communication device such as a router, and a wired or wireless communication circuit such as a dedicated line.
- a communication interface unit 404 that connects the apparatus to the network 300 to be communicable, a storage unit 406 that stores various databases, tables, and files (for example, files for Web pages), and an input unit that connects to the input unit 412 and the output unit 414.
- the output interface unit 408 is configured to be communicable via an arbitrary communication path.
- the storage unit 406 is a storage means, and for example, a memory device such as a RAM / ROM, a fixed disk device such as a hard disk, a flexible disk, an optical disk, or the like can be used.
- the storage unit 406 stores various programs used for various processes.
- the communication interface unit 404 mediates communication between the database device 400 and the network 300 (or a communication device such as a router). That is, the communication interface unit 404 has a function of communicating data with other terminals via a communication line.
- the input / output interface unit 408 is connected to the input device 412 and the output device 414.
- the output device 414 in addition to a monitor (including a home television), a speaker or a printer can be used as the output device 414 (hereinafter, the output device 414 may be described as the monitor 414).
- the input device 412 can be a monitor that realizes a pointing device function in cooperation with the mouse.
- the control unit 402 has an internal memory for storing a control program such as an OS (Operating System), a program that defines various processing procedures, and necessary data, and performs various information processing based on these programs. Execute. As shown in the figure, the control unit 402 is roughly divided into a request interpretation unit 402a, a browsing processing unit 402b, an authentication processing unit 402c, an email generation unit 402d, a Web page generation unit 402e, and a transmission unit 402f.
- OS Operating System
- the request interpretation unit 402a interprets the request content from the evaluation apparatus 100, and passes the processing to each unit of the control unit 402 according to the interpretation result.
- the browsing processing unit 402b Upon receiving browsing requests for various screens from the evaluation apparatus 100, the browsing processing unit 402b generates and transmits Web data for these screens.
- the authentication processing unit 402c makes an authentication determination.
- the e-mail generation unit 402d generates an e-mail including various types of information.
- the web page generation unit 402e generates a web page that the user browses on the client device 200.
- the transmission unit 402f transmits various types of information such as index state information and an evaluation formula to the evaluation apparatus 100.
- the evaluation apparatus 100 executes from the reception of the density data to the calculation of the value of the evaluation formula, the classification into the individual categories, and the transmission of the evaluation result, and the client apparatus 200 receives the evaluation result.
- the case of execution is given as an example, but when the evaluation unit 210a is provided in the client device 200, it is sufficient for the evaluation device 100 to calculate the value of the evaluation formula.
- conversion of the value of the evaluation formula The generation of position information, the classification into individual sections, and the like may be appropriately shared by the evaluation apparatus 100 and the client apparatus 200.
- the evaluation unit 210a converts the value of the evaluation formula in the conversion unit 210a2, or the value or conversion of the evaluation formula in the generation unit 210a3.
- Position information corresponding to a later value may be generated, or the classification unit 210a4 may classify the individual into one of a plurality of categories using the value of the expression or the value after conversion.
- the evaluation unit 210a generates position information corresponding to the converted value in the generation unit 210a3, or converts it in the classification unit 210a4.
- An individual may be classified into any one of a plurality of divisions using a later value.
- the evaluation unit 210a uses the classification unit 210a4 to set the value of the evaluation formula or the value after conversion.
- the individual may be classified into any one of a plurality of sections.
- each illustrated component is functionally conceptual and does not necessarily need to be physically configured as illustrated.
- each processing function performed by the control unit 102 all or any part of the processing functions is implemented in a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a program that is interpreted and executed by the CPU. Alternatively, it may be realized as hardware based on wired logic.
- the program is recorded on a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium including programmed instructions for causing the information processing apparatus to execute the evaluation method according to the present invention, and is stored in the evaluation apparatus 100 as necessary. Read mechanically. That is, in the storage unit 106 such as a ROM or an HDD, computer programs for performing various processes by giving instructions to the CPU in cooperation with an OS (Operating System) are recorded. This computer program is executed by being loaded into the RAM, and constitutes a control unit in cooperation with the CPU.
- OS Operating System
- this computer program may be stored in an application program server connected to the evaluation apparatus 100 via an arbitrary network, and the whole or a part of the computer program can be downloaded as necessary.
- the evaluation program according to the present invention may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium that is not temporary, and may be configured as a program product.
- the “recording medium” means a memory card, USB memory, SD card, flexible disk, magneto-optical disk, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM (registered trademark), CD-ROM, MO, DVD, and Blu-ray. (Registered trademark) It shall include any “portable physical medium” such as Disc.
- the “program” is a data processing method described in an arbitrary language or description method, and may be in the form of source code or binary code. Note that the “program” is not necessarily limited to a single configuration, but is distributed in the form of a plurality of modules and libraries, or in cooperation with a separate program typified by an OS (Operating System). Including those that achieve the function. In addition, a well-known structure and procedure can be used about the specific structure and reading procedure for reading a recording medium in each apparatus shown to embodiment, the installation procedure after reading, etc.
- Various databases and the like stored in the storage unit 106 are storage devices such as a memory device such as a RAM and a ROM, a fixed disk device such as a hard disk, a flexible disk, and an optical disk. Programs, tables, databases, web page files, and the like.
- the evaluation apparatus 100 may be configured as an information processing apparatus such as a known personal computer or workstation, or may be configured as the information processing apparatus connected to an arbitrary peripheral device.
- the evaluation apparatus 100 may be realized by installing software (including a program or data) that causes the information processing apparatus to realize the evaluation method of the present invention.
- the specific form of distribution / integration of the devices is not limited to that shown in the figure, and all or a part of them may be functionally or physically in arbitrary units according to various additions or according to functional loads. It can be configured to be distributed and integrated. That is, the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined and may be selectively implemented.
- lung cancer group: 72 From the plasma samples of lung cancer patients (lung cancer group: 72) for whom a definitive diagnosis of lung cancer was performed, and healthy subjects who have no history or history of cancer (healthy group: 69), the metabolite analysis method described above ( The metabolite concentration in blood was measured by A).
- Example 1 The sample data obtained in Example 1 was used.
- the logistic regression equation was used as the multivariate discriminant.
- a combination of two variables to be included in the logistic regression equation requires 19 kinds of amino acids (Asn, His, Thr, Ala, Cit, Arg, Tyr, Val, Met, Lys, Trp, Gly, Pro, Orn, Ile, Leu, Phe, Ser, Gln) and the above 14 kinds of metabolites, and a logistic regression equation with good discrimination ability between the lung cancer group and the healthy group A search was conducted.
- FIGS. A list of logistic regression equations in which the ROC_AUC value of the lung cancer group and the healthy group is 0.597 (minimum value of ROC_AUC significant for a single metabolite) or more and the number of variables is two is shown in FIGS. . These logistic regression equations have high ROC_AUC values, and are considered useful in the above evaluation.
- Example 1 The sample data used in Example 1 was used.
- the logistic regression equation was used as the multivariate discriminant. As in Example 2, the combination of the three variables included in the logistic regression equation requires at least one of the 14 types of metabolites, the 19 types of amino acids, and the 14 types of metabolites. We searched for a logistic regression equation with good discrimination between the lung cancer group and the healthy group.
- FIG. 21 to FIG. 48 show a list of logistic regression equations in which the ROC_AUC value of the lung cancer group and the healthy group is 0.771 (maximum value of ROC_AUC significant for a single metabolite) or more and the number of variables is three. . These logistic regression equations have high ROC_AUC values, and are considered useful in the above evaluation.
- Example 1 The sample data used in Example 1 was used.
- the logistic regression equation was used as the multivariate discriminant.
- the combination of 6 variables included in the logistic regression equation was searched from the 19 kinds of amino acids and the 14 types of metabolites, and a logistic regression equation having good discrimination ability between the lung cancer group and the healthy group was searched.
- the appearance frequency of amino acid variables included in the 383 equation with ROC_AUC of 0.95 or more was determined.
- a list of logistic regression equations is shown in FIG. 49 to FIG. From this, it was shown that the appearance frequency of Pro, Cit, Phe, His, Trp, ADMA, and Cystathionine is as high as 50 or more.
- the appearance frequency of Pro, Cit, Phe, His, Trp, and ADMA was shown to be as high as 100 or more.
- the appearance frequency of Pro, Cit, His, and ADMA was shown to be as high as 300 or more.
- the value of the formula is calculated using the index formula 1 and the amino acid and metabolite concentration values ( ⁇ mol / L) of the lung cancer group, and the calculated formula value and the preset cutoff value are used.
- Each case of the lung cancer group was classified into one of a plurality of categories set as shown below.
- the cut-off value candidates the value of the equation when the specificity was 80% and the value of the equation when the specificity was 95% were found to be -1.016 and 0.816, respectively. Note that the sensitivity when these values are cut off values is 93% and 79%, respectively.
- the value 0.816 of the formula when the specificity is 95% is set as the cutoff value, and if the value of the formula is higher than the cutoff value, it is positive (corresponding to the lung cancer category) and lower than the cutoff value Is defined as negative (corresponding to the healthy category), and the case where the value of the expression is 13.7 is classified as either positive or negative. Since the value of this expression is higher than the cut-off value, Cases were classified as positive.
- the value of -1.016 is set as the first cutoff value when the specificity is 80%, and the value of 0.816 when the specificity is 95% is set as the second cutoff value. If the value of the formula is lower than the first cut-off value, rank A (which means that the possibility (probability, risk) of lung cancer is low) is higher than the first cut-off value and If it is lower than the cut-off value of rank B, it is rank B (a category that means that the possibility of lung cancer is moderate), and if it is higher than the second cut-off value, rank C (highly likely to be lung cancer) And the case where the value of the formula was 13.7 was classified into one of three ranks, the value of this formula was calculated from the second cutoff value. Due to the high cost, this case was classified as rank C.
- Example 5 pooled plasma obtained by collecting plasma from 19 healthy subjects and plasma from 20 lung cancer patients from the blood samples used in Example 1 was used, and the metabolite analysis method (A ) was used for qualitative analysis.
- Example 2 In addition to the 14 types of metabolites measured in Example 1, “ACQUITY TM UPLC” (Waters) was used (analysis column: “Inertcil ODS-3 (particle diameter: 2.0 ⁇ m, inner diameter: 2.1 mm, length: (100 mm) "(GL Sciences Inc.), guard column:” Cartridge Guard Column E Inertsil ODS-3 (particle diameter: 3.0 ⁇ m, inner diameter: 1.5 mm, length: 10 mm) "(GL Sciences Inc.)), column temperature
- the eluent A is APDS Amino Tag Wako eluent (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) as eluent A, and acetonitrile / water (60:40, v / v) is used as eluent B at 0.5 mL / min.
- eluent B was stepped over time as follows: Was varied, the peak (m / z 224) was appeared in the vicinity of a retention time 3.5 minutes, eluting immediately after the ⁇ - aminoisobutyric acid in the vicinity of 3.3 minutes. And the area value of this peak was 202,000 in the plasma pool of a healthy person, and 2,790,000 in the pool plasma of a lung cancer patient. That is, an increase in area value of about 13.8 times was observed in pooled plasma of lung cancer patients.
- the chromatogram at that time is shown in FIG. 0.00 minutes to 0.01 minutes: 5% to 6% 0.01 min-3.50 min: 6% 3.
- Example 1 Using the sample of Example 1, in addition to the blood metabolite concentration of Example 1 and the above-described metabolite analysis method (A), the concentration of Ethylglycine in blood was measured.
- the discriminability between the lung cancer group and the healthy group was evaluated by ROC_AUC using the plasma concentration value (ethylmol / ml) data of ethylglycine.
- Table 3 shows ROC_AUC that serves as an index when evaluating the discriminability of ethylglycine.
- Example 6 The sample data obtained in Example 6 was used.
- the logistic regression equation was used as the multivariate discriminant. Logistic regression with good discrimination between lung cancer group and healthy group by searching for the combination of two variables to be included in the logistic regression equation from the above 19 kinds of amino acids and the above 14 kinds of metabolites after making ethylglycine essential An expression search was performed.
- FIG. 66 shows a list of logistic regression equations (combinations of variables) in which the ROC_AUC value of the lung cancer group and the healthy group is 0.779 (ROC_AUC value of Ethylglycine alone) and the number of variables is two.
- the numerical values of the coefficients of the variables may be arbitrary numerical values excluding zero, and the constant numerical values may be arbitrary numerical values.
- These logistic regression equations have high ROC_AUC values, and are considered useful in the above evaluation.
- Example 6 The sample data used in Example 6 was used.
- the logistic regression equation was used as the multivariate discriminant. As in Example 7, the combination of the three variables included in the logistic regression equation is searched for from the 19 amino acids and the 14 metabolites after making the ethylglycine essential, and the lung cancer group and the healthy group A logistic regression equation with good discrimination was searched.
- FIGS. 67 to 69 A list of logistic regression equations (combinations of variables) in which the ROC_AUC value of the lung cancer group and the healthy group is 0.779 (ROC_AUC value of Ethylglycine alone) and the number of variables is 3 is shown in FIGS. 67 to 69, the numerical values of the coefficients of the variables may be arbitrary numerical values excluding zero, and the constant numerical values may be arbitrary numerical values. These logistic regression equations have high ROC_AUC values, and are considered useful in the above evaluation.
- Example 6 The sample data used in Example 6 was used.
- the logistic regression equation was used as the multivariate discriminant. As in Example 7, the combination of 6 variables included in the logistic regression equation was searched for from the 19 amino acids and the 14 metabolites after making the ethylglycine essential, and the lung cancer group and the healthy group A logistic regression equation with good discrimination was searched.
- the frequency of occurrence of amino acid variables included in the 122 equation having a ROC_AUC value of 0.95 or more for the lung cancer group and the healthy group was determined.
- a list of logistic regression equations is shown in FIGS. 70 to 72, the numerical value of the coefficient of each variable may be an arbitrary numerical value excluding zero, and the numerical value of the constant may be an arbitrary numerical value. From this, it was shown that the appearance frequency of Pro, Cit, Phe, His, GABA, ADMA, cystathionine, and ethylglycine is as high as 20 or more. In particular, it was shown that the appearance frequency of Cit, His, ADMA, and Ethylglycine was as high as 100 or more.
- the value of the formula is calculated using the index formula 2 and the amino acid and metabolite concentration values ( ⁇ mol / L) of the lung cancer group, and the calculated formula value and the preset cutoff value are used.
- Each case of the lung cancer group was classified into one of a plurality of categories set as shown below.
- the cut-off value candidates the value of the equation when the specificity was 80% and the value of the equation when the specificity was 95% were found to be ⁇ 0.7765 and 0.5558, respectively. Note that the sensitivity when these values are cut off values is 93% and 79%, respectively.
- the formula value 0.5558 when the specificity is 95% is set as the cutoff value, and if the formula value is higher than the cutoff value, it is positive (corresponding to the lung cancer category) and lower than the cutoff value Is defined as negative (corresponding to the healthy category), and the case where the value of the expression was 21.7 was classified as either positive or negative. Since the value of this expression is higher than the cut-off value, Cases were classified as positive.
- the value of -0.7765 of the equation when the specificity is 80% is set as the first cutoff value
- the value of 0.5558 when the specificity is 95% is set as the second cutoff value. If the value of the formula is lower than the first cut-off value, rank A (which means that the possibility (probability, risk) of lung cancer is low) is higher than the first cut-off value and If it is lower than the cut-off value of rank B, it is rank B (a category that means that the possibility of lung cancer is moderate), and if it is higher than the second cut-off value, rank C (highly likely to be lung cancer) And the case where the value of the formula was 21.7 was classified into one of three ranks, the value of this formula was calculated from the second cutoff value. Due to the high cost, this case was classified as rank C.
- the present invention can be widely implemented in many industrial fields, in particular, in fields such as pharmaceuticals, foods, and medical care, and in particular, lung cancer state progression prediction, disease risk prediction, proteome, metabolome analysis, etc. It is extremely useful in the field of bioinformatics.
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Abstract
Description
(略称) (正式名称)
Ala Alanine
Arg Arginine
Asn Asparagine
Cit Citrulline
Gln Glutamine
Gly Glycine
His Histidine
Ile Isoleucine
Leu Leucine
Lys Lysine
Met Methionine
Orn Ornithine
Phe Phenylalanine
Pro Proline
Ser Serine
Thr Threonine
Trp Tryptophan
Tyr Tyrosine
Val Valine
[1-1.第1実施形態の概要]
ここでは、第1実施形態の概要について図1を参照して説明する。図1は第1実施形態の基本原理を示す原理構成図である。
(A)採取した血液サンプルを遠心することにより血液から血漿を分離する。全ての血漿サンプルは、濃度値の測定時まで-80℃で凍結保存する。濃度値測定時には、アセトニトリルを添加し除蛋白処理を行った後、標識試薬(3-アミノピリジル-N-ヒドロキシスクシンイミジルカルバメート)を用いてプレカラム誘導体化を行い、そして、液体クロマトグラフ質量分析計(LC/MS)により濃度値を分析する(国際公開第2003/069328号、国際公開第2005/116629号を参照)。
(B)採取した血液サンプルを遠心することにより血液から血漿を分離する。全ての血漿サンプルは、濃度値の測定時まで-80℃で凍結保存する。濃度値測定時には、スルホサリチル酸を添加し除蛋白処理を行った後、ニンヒドリン試薬を用いたポストカラム誘導体化法を原理としたアミノ酸分析計により濃度値を分析する。
(C)採取した血液サンプルを、膜やMEMS技術または遠心分離の原理を用いて血球分離を行い、血液から血漿または血清を分離する。血漿または血清取得後すぐに濃度値の測定を行わない血漿または血清サンプルは、濃度値の測定時まで-80℃で凍結保存する。濃度値測定時には、酵素やアプタマーなど、標的とする血中物質と反応または結合する分子等を用い、基質認識によって増減する物質や分光学的値を定量等することにより濃度値を分析する。
濃度値の取り得る範囲が所定範囲(例えば0.0から1.0までの範囲、0.0から10.0までの範囲、0.0から100.0までの範囲、又は-10.0から10.0までの範囲、など)に収まるようにするためなどに、例えば、濃度値に対して任意の値を加減乗除したり、濃度値を所定の変換手法(例えば、指数変換、対数変換、角変換、平方根変換、プロビット変換、逆数変換、Box-Cox変換、又はべき乗変換など)で変換したり、また、濃度値に対してこれらの計算を組み合わせて行ったりすることで、濃度値を変換してもよい。例えば、濃度値を指数としネイピア数を底とする指数関数の値(具体的には、肺癌の状態が所定の状態(例えば、基準値を超えた状態、など)である確率pを定義したときの自然対数ln(p/(1-p))が濃度値と等しいとした場合におけるp/(1-p)の値)をさらに算出してもよく、また、算出した指数関数の値を1と当該値との和で割った値(具体的には、確率pの値)をさらに算出してもよい。
また、特定の条件のときの変換後の値が特定の値となるように、濃度値を変換してもよい。例えば、特異度が80%のときの変換後の値が5.0となり且つ特異度が95%のときの変換後の値が8.0となるように濃度値を変換してもよい。
また、各代謝物および各アミノ酸ごとに、濃度分布を正規分布化した後、平均50、標準偏差10となるように偏差値化してもよい。
なお、これらの変換は、男女別や年齢別に行ってもよい。
評価式の値の取り得る範囲が所定範囲(例えば0.0から1.0までの範囲、0.0から10.0までの範囲、0.0から100.0までの範囲、又は-10.0から10.0までの範囲、など)に収まるようにするためなどに、例えば、評価式の値に対して任意の値を加減乗除したり、評価式の値を所定の変換手法(例えば、指数変換、対数変換、角変換、平方根変換、プロビット変換、逆数変換、Box-Cox変換、又はべき乗変換など)で変換したり、また、評価式の値に対してこれらの計算を組み合わせて行ったりすることで、評価式の値を変換してもよい。例えば、評価式の値を指数としネイピア数を底とする指数関数の値(具体的には、肺癌の状態が所定の状態(例えば、基準値を超えた状態、など)である確率pを定義したときの自然対数ln(p/(1-p))が評価式の値と等しいとした場合におけるp/(1-p)の値)をさらに算出してもよく、また、算出した指数関数の値を1と当該値との和で割った値(具体的には、確率pの値)をさらに算出してもよい。
また、特定の条件のときの変換後の値が特定の値となるように、評価式の値を変換してもよい。例えば、特異度が80%のときの変換後の値が5.0となり且つ特異度が95%のときの変換後の値が8.0となるように評価式の値を変換してもよい。
また、平均50、標準偏差10となるように偏差値化してもよい。
なお、これらの変換は、男女別や年齢別に行ってもよい。
なお、本明細書における評価値は、評価式の値そのものであってもよく、評価式の値を変換した後の値であってもよい。
1.アミノ酸以外の他の血中の代謝物(アミノ酸代謝物・糖類・脂質等)、タンパク質、ペプチド、ミネラル、ホルモン等の濃度値
2.アルブミン、総蛋白、トリグリセリド(中性脂肪)、HbA1c、糖化アルブミン、インスリン抵抗性指数、総コレステロール、LDLコレステロール、HDLコレステロール、アミラーゼ、総ビリルビン、クレアチニン、推算糸球体濾過量(eGFR)、尿酸、GOT(AST)、GPT(ALT),GGTP(γ-GTP)、グルコース(血糖値)、CRP(C反応性蛋白)、赤血球、ヘモグロビン、ヘマトクリット、MCV、MCH,MCHC、白血球、血小板数等の血液検査値
3.超音波エコー、X線、CT、MRI、内視鏡像等の画像情報から得られる値
4.年齢、身長、体重、BMI、腹囲、収縮期血圧、拡張期血圧、性別、喫煙情報、食事情報、飲酒情報、運動情報、ストレス情報、睡眠情報、家族の既往歴情報、疾患歴情報(糖尿病等)等の生体指標に関する値
[2-1.第2実施形態の概要]
ここでは、第2実施形態の概要について図2を参照して説明する。図2は第2実施形態の基本原理を示す原理構成図である。なお、本第2実施形態の説明では、上述した第1実施形態と重複する説明を省略する場合がある。特に、ここでは、肺癌の状態を評価する際に、評価式の値又はその変換後の値を用いるケースを一例として記載しているが、例えば、「上記15種類の代謝物および上記19種類のアミノ酸」のうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値又はその変換後の値(例えば濃度偏差値など)を用いてもよい。
ここでは、第2実施形態にかかる評価システム(以下では本システムと記す場合がある。)の構成について、図3から図14を参照して説明する。なお、本システムはあくまでも一例であり、本発明はこれに限定されない。特に、ここでは、肺癌の状態を評価する際に、評価式の値又はその変換後の値を用いるケースを一例として記載しているが、例えば、「上記15種類の代謝物および上記19種類のアミノ酸」のうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値又はその変換後の値(例えば濃度偏差値など)を用いてもよい。
例えば、クライアント装置200は、評価装置100から評価式の値を受信した場合には、評価部210aは、変換部210a2で評価式の値を変換したり、生成部210a3で評価式の値又は変換後の値に対応する位置情報を生成したり、分類部210a4で式の値又は変換後の値を用いて個体を複数の区分のうちのどれか1つに分類したりしてもよい。
また、クライアント装置200は、評価装置100から変換後の値を受信した場合には、評価部210aは、生成部210a3で変換後の値に対応する位置情報を生成したり、分類部210a4で変換後の値を用いて個体を複数の区分のうちのどれか1つに分類したりしてもよい。
また、クライアント装置200は、評価装置100から評価式の値又は変換後の値と位置情報とを受信した場合には、評価部210aは、分類部210a4で評価式の値又は変換後の値を用いて個体を複数の区分のうちのどれか1つに分類してもよい。
本発明にかかる評価装置、評価方法、評価プログラム、評価システム、および情報通信端末装置は、上述した第2実施形態以外にも、特許請求の範囲に記載した技術的思想の範囲内において種々の異なる実施形態にて実施されてよいものである。
0.00分~ 0.01分:5%~6%
0.01分~ 3.50分:6%
3.50分~ 5.00分:6%~8%
5.00分~ 6.00分:8%~20%
6.00分~ 8.50分:20%
8.50分~ 9.50分:20%~24%
9.50分~12.00分:24%
12.00分~12.01分:24%~35%
12.01分~15.00分:35%~80%
15.00分~15.10分:80%~95%
15.10分~17.00分:95%
17.01分~19.00分:5%
102 制御部
102a 要求解釈部
102b 閲覧処理部
102c 認証処理部
102d 電子メール生成部
102e Webページ生成部
102f 受信部
102g 指標状態情報指定部
102h 評価式作成部
102i 評価部
102i1 算出部
102i2 変換部
102i3 生成部
102i4 分類部
102j 結果出力部
102k 送信部
104 通信インターフェース部
106 記憶部
106a 利用者情報ファイル
106b 濃度データファイル
106c 指標状態情報ファイル
106d 指定指標状態情報ファイル
106e 評価式関連情報データベース
106e1 評価式ファイル
106f 評価結果ファイル
108 入出力インターフェース部
112 入力装置
114 出力装置
200 クライアント装置(端末装置(情報通信端末装置))
300 ネットワーク
400 データベース装置
Claims (10)
- 評価対象の血液中のHomoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値を用いて、前記評価対象について、肺癌の状態を評価する評価ステップを含むこと、
を特徴とする評価方法。 - 前記評価ステップでは、評価対象の血液中のAsn,His,Thr,Ala,Cit,Arg,Tyr,Val,Met,Lys,Trp,Gly,Pro,Orn,Ile,Leu,Phe,Ser,Glnのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値をさらに用いること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の評価方法。 - 前記評価ステップでは、Homoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値が代入される変数を含む式をさらに用いて、前記式の値を算出することで、前記評価対象について、肺癌の状態を評価すること、
を特徴とする請求項1に記載の評価方法。 - 前記評価ステップでは、評価対象の血液中のAsn,His,Thr,Ala,Cit,Arg,Tyr,Val,Met,Lys,Trp,Gly,Pro,Orn,Ile,Leu,Phe,Ser,Glnのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値をさらに用い、
前記式は、Asn,His,Thr,Ala,Cit,Arg,Tyr,Val,Met,Lys,Trp,Gly,Pro,Orn,Ile,Leu,Phe,Ser,Glnのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値が代入される変数をさらに含むものであること、
を特徴とする請求項3に記載の評価方法。 - 制御部を備えた評価装置であって、
前記制御部は、
評価対象の血液中のHomoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値を用いて、前記評価対象について、肺癌の状態を評価する評価手段
を備えたこと、
を特徴とする評価装置。 - 制御部を備えた情報処理装置において実行される評価方法であって、
前記制御部において実行される、
評価対象の血液中のHomoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値を用いて、前記評価対象について、肺癌の状態を評価する評価ステップ
を含むこと、
を特徴とする評価方法。 - 制御部を備えた情報処理装置において実行させるための評価プログラムであって、
前記制御部において実行させるための、
評価対象の血液中のHomoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値を用いて、前記評価対象について、肺癌の状態を評価する評価ステップ
を含むこと、
を特徴とする評価プログラム。 - 制御部を備えた評価装置と、制御部を備え、評価対象の血液中のHomoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値に関する濃度データを提供する端末装置とを、ネットワークを介して通信可能に接続して構成された評価システムであって、
前記端末装置の前記制御部は、
前記評価対象の前記濃度データを前記評価装置へ送信する濃度データ送信手段と、
前記評価装置から送信された、前記評価対象における肺癌の状態に関する評価結果を受信する結果受信手段と、
を備え、
前記評価装置の前記制御部は、
前記端末装置から送信された前記評価対象の前記濃度データを受信する濃度データ受信手段と、
前記濃度データ受信手段で受信した前記評価対象の前記濃度データに含まれている、Homoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの前記濃度値を用いて、前記評価対象について、肺癌の状態を評価する評価手段と、
前記評価手段で得られた前記評価結果を前記端末装置へ送信する結果送信手段と、
を備えたこと、
を特徴とする評価システム。 - 制御部を備えた端末装置であって、
前記制御部は、
評価対象における肺癌の状態に関する評価結果を取得する結果取得手段
を備え、
前記評価結果は、前記評価対象の血液中のHomoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値を用いて、前記評価対象について、肺癌の状態を評価した結果であること、
を特徴とする端末装置。 - 評価対象の血液中のHomoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの濃度値に関する濃度データを提供する端末装置とネットワークを介して通信可能に接続された、制御部を備えた評価装置であって、
前記制御部は、
前記端末装置から送信された前記評価対象の前記濃度データを受信する濃度データ受信手段と、
前記濃度データ受信手段で受信した前記評価対象の前記濃度データに含まれている、Homoarginine,GABA,3-Me-His,ADMA,Spermine,Spermidine,Cystathionine,Sarcosine,aAiBA,bAiBA,Putrescine,N-Acetyl-L-lys,Hypotaurine,bABA,Ethylglycineのうちの少なくとも1つの前記濃度値を用いて、前記評価対象について、肺癌の状態を評価する評価手段と、
前記評価手段で得られた評価結果を前記端末装置へ送信する結果送信手段と、
を備えたこと、
を特徴とする評価装置。
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