WO2016158306A1 - 冷凍機潤滑油及び冷凍機用混合組成物 - Google Patents
冷凍機潤滑油及び冷凍機用混合組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016158306A1 WO2016158306A1 PCT/JP2016/057673 JP2016057673W WO2016158306A1 WO 2016158306 A1 WO2016158306 A1 WO 2016158306A1 JP 2016057673 W JP2016057673 W JP 2016057673W WO 2016158306 A1 WO2016158306 A1 WO 2016158306A1
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- carbon atoms
- lubricating oil
- mixed composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M105/14—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms polyhydroxy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
- C10M2207/0225—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/16—Lubrication
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
- F25B2500/221—Preventing leaks from developing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigerating machine lubricating oil used by mixing with various refrigerants, and a mixed composition for a refrigerating machine of the refrigerating machine lubricating oil and a refrigerant.
- the present invention relates to a refrigerator lubricating oil and a mixed composition for a refrigerator.
- a refrigerator is composed of at least a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (such as an expansion valve), an evaporator, or a further dryer, and a mixture of refrigerant and refrigerator lubricating oil circulates in this sealed system. It has a structure. Chlorine-containing compounds such as chlorofluorocarbons have been widely used as refrigerants for refrigerators, but from the viewpoint of environmental protection, in recent years, compounds that do not contain chlorine, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), and natural substances such as carbon dioxide are used. It is replaced by a refrigerant.
- HFC hydrofluorocarbons
- hydrofluorocarbon examples include 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (hereinafter referred to as R134a, R32, R125, and R143a, respectively).
- saturated HFCs Saturated hydrofluorocarbons (hereinafter also referred to as saturated HFCs) represented by
- polyol ester type refrigerating machine lubricating oil used for a refrigerant containing an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound it is known to use an ester of pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol as a base oil.
- a polyol ester composed of pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol and a mixture of a fatty acid having 8 carbon atoms and a fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms or a polyol ester composed of pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol and a fatty acid having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
- Polyol esters comprising pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol and fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms are known (see Patent Documents 1 to 4).
- the conventional polyol ester-based refrigerator lubricating oil swells various rubber members used in the refrigerator, which may cause refrigerant leakage and refrigerator oil leakage.
- some polyol ester-based refrigerator lubricating oils are not sufficiently compatible with refrigerants containing unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds. That is, in the conventional polyol ester type refrigerator lubricating oil, it has been difficult to appropriately suppress the swelling of various rubber members while improving the compatibility with the refrigerant containing the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and various rubber members used in refrigerators without impairing the compatibility between the refrigerant containing the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound and the refrigerator lubricating oil. It is an object of the present invention to provide a refrigerator lubricating oil capable of appropriately suppressing swelling of the refrigerator, and a mixed composition for a refrigerator comprising a refrigerant containing the refrigerator lubricating oil and an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- the present inventors have determined that various types of rubbers used in refrigerators can be obtained without losing the compatibility of the polyol ester-based refrigerator lubricating oil having a specific structure with a refrigerant containing an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- the inventors found that the swelling of the member can be appropriately suppressed, and completed the following present invention. That is, the present invention provides the following (1) to (15).
- (1) The following molecular formula (1) C p F r H s (1) [Wherein p is an integer of 2 to 6, r is 1 to 11, s is an integer of 1 to 11, and the molecule has one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds.
- the propene fluoride is a isomer of pentafluoropropene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and 2,3,3,3-tetra
- the mixed composition for a refrigerator as described in (2) above which is at least one selected from fluoropropene.
- the fatty acid (a1) comprises only a fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms.
- H-NBR Hydrogenated nitrile rubber
- NBR nitrile rubber
- EPDM chloroprene rubber
- CR ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer
- silicone rubber butyl rubber
- IIR styrene butadiene rubber
- SBR urethane rubber
- U urethane rubber
- CSM chlorosulfonated polyethylene
- FKM fluororubber
- the refrigerator lubricating oil contains at least one additive selected from an extreme pressure agent, an oily agent, an antioxidant, an acid scavenger and an antifoaming agent
- a mixed composition for a refrigerator according to claim 1. The refrigerant further contains a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, and the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound is at least one selected from 1,1-difluoroethane, trifluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane, and pentafluoroethane.
- the mixed composition for a refrigerator as described in any of (1) to (3) and (5) to (9) above.
- various rubbers used in refrigerators using a refrigerator lubricating oil or a mixed composition for a refrigerator without impairing the compatibility between the refrigerant containing the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound and the refrigerator lubricating oil.
- the swelling of the member can be appropriately suppressed.
- the refrigerator lubricating oil according to the present invention is used for the following refrigerants.
- the mixed composition for refrigerators which concerns on this invention contains refrigerator lubricating oil and a refrigerant
- the refrigerant and the refrigerator lubricating oil will be described in more detail.
- the refrigerant according to the present invention has the following molecular formula (1): C p F r H s (1) [Wherein p is an integer of 2 to 6, r is 1 to 11, s is an integer of 1 to 11, and the molecule has one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds. ] And at least one unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound selected from the compounds represented by:
- the molecular formula (1) represents the type and number of elements in the molecule, and the formula (1) represents an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 6 carbon atoms C.
- An unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 6 carbon atoms can have physical and chemical properties such as boiling point, freezing point, and latent heat of vaporization required as a refrigerant.
- the bond form of p carbon atoms represented by C p includes an unsaturated bond such as a carbon-carbon single bond and a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond is preferably a carbon-carbon double bond from the viewpoint of stability, and the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound contains an unsaturated bond such as a carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule. 1 or more and the number thereof is preferably 1. That is, at least one of the bonding forms of p carbon atoms represented by C p is more preferably a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound include linear or branched chain olefins having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and cyclic olefin fluorides having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- ethylene fluoride introduced with 1 to 3 fluorine atoms
- propene fluoride introduced with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms
- butene introduced with 1 to 7 fluorine atoms
- Fluoride fluoride of pentene introduced with 1 to 9 fluorine atoms
- fluoride of cyclobutene introduced with 1 to 5 fluorine atoms
- cyclopentene fluoride introduced with 1 to 7 fluorine atoms
- cyclohexene fluoride introduced with 1 to 9 fluorine atoms.
- propene fluoride is preferred, propene introduced with 3 to 5 fluorine atoms is more preferred.
- various isomers of pentafluoropropene, 3 Preferable specific examples include 3,3-trifluoropropene, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene represented by HFO1234ze, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene represented by HFO1234yf.
- propene into which four fluorine atoms are introduced is more preferable, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene represented by HFO1234yf is particularly preferable.
- this unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the refrigerant may be a mixed refrigerant containing other compounds as necessary in addition to the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- the refrigerant may contain a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound a fluoride of an alkane having 2 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, and 1,1-difluoroethane (R152a), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R143a), which are fluorides of ethane, Tephra such as 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (R143), etc., 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134), etc. Examples thereof include pentafluoroethane such as fluoroethane and 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (R125). These saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the refrigerant may contain carbon dioxide, and in that case, the refrigerant preferably contains an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, carbon dioxide, and another third component.
- the refrigerant preferably contains an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, carbon dioxide, and another third component.
- an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound carbon dioxide, and another third component.
- carbon dioxide R744
- difluoromethane R32
- 1,1-difluoroethane R152a
- fluoroethane R161
- 1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane R134a
- a third component selected from propylene, propane and mixtures thereof.
- the refrigerant preferably contains an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound represented by the molecular formula (1) as a main component.
- “Containing as a main component” means containing 50% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerant, and the content is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and still more preferably 90% based on the total amount of the refrigerant. Although it is at least mass%, it is preferable that other components such as a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound are not blended, and the refrigerant should be composed of only an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound.
- the refrigerator lubricating oil of this invention contains a polyol ester (A) as a main component.
- a polyol ester (A) will be described in more detail.
- the polyol ester (A) is a fatty acid having 9 to 16 carbon atoms, the fatty acid (a1) in which the fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms is 50 mol% or more based on the total amount of the fatty acid (a1), pentaerythritol and / or dipenta. It is a polyol ester with polyol (a2) which is erythritol. More specifically, in the polyol ester (A), the fatty acid (a1) is composed of only a fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms, or the fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms is 50 mol% based on the total amount of the fatty acid (a1).
- the remainder is a fatty acid having 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the refrigerator lubricating oil has good compatibility with the refrigerant containing the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, and also suppresses the swelling of the rubber member used in the refrigerator. It becomes easy to do.
- the fatty acid (a1) is preferably composed of only a fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms is 10 Preferably it contains ⁇ 16 fatty acids.
- examples of the fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms include linear fatty acids such as n-nonanoic acid and branched fatty acids such as branched nonanoic acid.
- linear fatty acids such as n-nonanoic acid
- branched fatty acids such as branched nonanoic acid.
- branched fatty acids are preferable from the viewpoint of appropriately suppressing swelling of the rubber member while improving compatibility with the refrigerant containing the unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound, and among the branched fatty acids, 3, 5 More preferred is 5-trimethylhexanoic acid.
- Examples of the fatty acid having 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the fatty acid (a1) include n-decanoic acid, n-undecanoic acid, lauric acid (n-dodecanoic acid), n-tridecanoic acid, myristic acid (n-tetradecanoic acid), Linear fatty acids such as n-pentadecanoic acid and palmitic acid (n-hexadecanoic acid); branched decanoic acid represented by neodecanoic acid, branched undecanoic acid, branched typified by 2-butyloctanoic acid and the like And branched fatty acids such as branched hexadecanoic acid such as branched dodecanoic acid, branched tridecanoic acid, branched tetradecanoic acid, branched pentadecanoic acid, and isopalmitic acid.
- the fatty acid having 10 to 16 carbon atoms is preferably a branched fatty acid from the viewpoint of appropriately improving the compatibility and the effect of suppressing the swelling of the rubber member.
- neodecanoic acid is more preferable from the viewpoint of more easily exhibiting the compatibility and the effect of suppressing the swelling of the rubber member.
- 2-butyloctanoic acid, isopalmitic acid, and the like are more preferable from the viewpoint of improving viscosity characteristics.
- 2-butyloctanoic acid is preferable. Further preferred.
- the fatty acid (a1) that is, the fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms and / or the fatty acid having 10 to 16 carbon atoms preferably contains a branched fatty acid.
- the fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms preferably contains 50% by mole or more, more preferably 70% by mole or more, and further preferably 90% by mole or more of the total fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms.
- the fatty acid having 10 to 16 carbon atoms contained in the fatty acid (a1) is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, further preferably 90 mol, based on the total amount of fatty acids having 10 to 16 carbon atoms. Although it contains more than mol% of branched fatty acids, it is particularly preferred that all are branched fatty acids.
- the fatty acid (a1) is a fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms in an amount of 50 mol% or more based on the total amount of the fatty acid (a1), and the remainder is a fatty acid having 10 to 16 carbon atoms
- the fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms is preferably 60 mol% or more based on the total amount of the fatty acid (a1) from the viewpoint of improving the compatibility and improving the effect of suppressing the swelling of the rubber member while improving the viscosity characteristics.
- the fatty acid (a1) contains a fatty acid having 13 to 16 carbon atoms
- the fatty acid having 13 to 16 carbon atoms is preferably 30 mol% or less with respect to the total amount of the fatty acid (a1), and preferably 1 to 25 mol%. It is more preferable that Thus, when using a fatty acid having a relatively large number of carbon atoms, it is easy to improve the above-mentioned compatibility while appropriately suppressing the swelling of the rubber member by suppressing the amount of use.
- the fatty acid (a1) contains a fatty acid having 10 to 12 carbon atoms
- the fatty acid having 10 to 12 carbon atoms may be 50 mol% or less with respect to the total amount of the fatty acid (a1), but 10 to 40 mol%. It is preferable that it is a grade.
- the fatty acid (a1) is preferably a fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms in an amount of 50 mol% or more based on the total amount of the fatty acid (a1), and the remainder being a fatty acid having 10 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the compatibility and the effect of suppressing the swelling of the rubber member can be improved in a balanced manner. .
- the polyol ester (A) may be an ester in which pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol is used alone as the polyol (a2), or may be a mixture of esters of these two polyols. From the viewpoint of improving the viscosity, it is preferable to include pentaerythritol, and it is more preferable to use pentaerythritol alone. Further, from the viewpoint of appropriately suppressing the swelling of the rubber member, the polyol ester (A) preferably contains an ester of dipentaerythritol.
- the ester of pentaerythritol is preferably larger than that of dipentaerythritol on a molar basis, and the molar ratio of the ester of pentaerythritol to the ester of dipentaerythritol (penta (Erythritol / dipentaerythritol) is more preferably 95/5 to 60/40.
- the fatty acid (a1) is a fatty acid (a1) having a carbon number of 9 and not less than 50 mol% with respect to the total amount of the fatty acid (a1) and the remainder being a fatty acid having 10 to 16 carbon atoms
- the fatty acid (a1) is It will contain two or more fatty acids.
- the polyol ester (A) may be a mixture of two or more esters of a single type of fatty acid and polyol, but is excellent in low temperature characteristics and compatibility with a refrigerant. Is more preferable.
- the polyol ester (A) may be a partial ester remaining without all the hydroxyl groups of the polyol being esterified, or may be a complete ester in which all the hydroxyl groups are esterified. A mixture of complete esters may be used, but complete esters are preferred.
- the polyol ester (A) preferably has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 30 to 500 mm 2 / s, and more preferably 40 to 200 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 50 mm 2 / s, and more preferably 8 to 25 mm 2 / s.
- the viscosity index is not particularly limited from the viewpoint of improving the viscosity characteristics, but is preferably 40 or more, more preferably 60 or more, and particularly preferably 80 or more.
- the upper limit of the viscosity index is not particularly limited, but is usually about 200 or less.
- the hydroxyl value of the polyol ester (A) is preferably 5 mgKOH / g or less. By making the hydroxyl value 5 mgKOH / g or less, decomposition of the polyol ester (A) is appropriately suppressed, and the stability of the refrigerator lubricating oil can be improved. From the above viewpoint, the hydroxyl value of the polyol ester (A) is preferably 4 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 3.5 mgKOH / g or less. The hydroxyl value is measured by a neutralization titration method according to JIS K0070.
- the polyol ester (A) preferably has an acid value of 0.1 mgKOH / g or less and 0.05 mgKOH / g or less from the viewpoint of suppressing the decomposition and improving the stability of the refrigerating machine lubricating oil. More preferably.
- the acid value is measured by an indicator method according to “Lubricating oil neutralization test method” defined in JIS K 2501.
- the refrigerator lubricating oil contains the polyol ester (A) as a main component means that the polyol ester (A) is contained in an amount of 50% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerator lubricating oil, Based on the total amount of refrigerating machine lubricating oil, it is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and further preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the base oil used for the refrigerator lubricating oil is preferably composed only of the polyol ester (A). In addition, you may contain base oils other than a polyol ester (A) in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention.
- base oils other than the polyol ester (A) include polyesters other than the polyol ester (A), polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, poly (oxy) alkylene glycol, or a copolymer of the monoether and polyvinyl ether. And hydrides of polycarbonates, ⁇ -olefin oligomers, mineral oil, alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and the like.
- polyesters other than the polyol ester (A) include polyol esters of divalent to 20-valent polyhydric alcohols, preferably divalent to 10-valent polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids.
- the refrigerating machine lubricating oil of the present invention may contain at least one additive selected from extreme pressure agents, oily agents, antioxidants, acid scavengers, antifoaming agents and the like in addition to the base oil.
- extreme pressure agents include phosphorous extreme pressure agents such as phosphate esters, acid phosphate esters, phosphite esters, acid phosphite esters, and amine salts thereof.
- tricresyl phosphate trithiophenyl phosphate, tri (nonylphenyl) phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphite in terms of extreme pressure and friction characteristics Etc. are particularly preferred.
- the metal salt of carboxylic acid is mentioned.
- the metal salt of the carboxylic acid here is preferably a carboxylic acid having 3 to 60 carbon atoms, more preferably a metal salt of a fatty acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the dimer acid and trimer acid of the said fatty acid, and the metal salt of C3-C30 dicarboxylic acid can be mentioned.
- metal salts of fatty acids having 12 to 30 carbon atoms and dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 30 carbon atoms are particularly preferred.
- an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal is preferable, and an alkali metal is particularly optimal.
- the extreme pressure agent other than the above include sulfur-based extreme pressure agents such as sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized esters, thiocarbamates, thioterpenes, and dialkylthiodipropionates.
- the blending amount of the extreme pressure agent is usually 0.001 to 5% by mass, particularly preferably 0.005 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine lubricating oil, from the viewpoint of lubricity and stability.
- One extreme pressure agent may be used alone, or two or more extreme pressure agents may be used in combination.
- oily agents examples include aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid, polymerized fatty acids such as dimer acid and hydrogenated dimer acid, hydroxy fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid, lauryl Aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monoalcohols such as alcohol and oleyl alcohol, aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monoamines such as stearylamine and oleylamine, aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic amides such as lauric acid amide and oleic acid amide, etc. Can be mentioned. These may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. The blending amount is usually selected in the range of 0.01 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil for the refrigerator.
- Antioxidants include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,2′-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert It is preferable to add a phenol-based antioxidant such as (-butylphenol) or an amine-based antioxidant such as phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine or N, N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine.
- the blending amount of the antioxidant is usually 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine lubricating oil, from the viewpoints of effects and economy.
- the acid scavenger examples include epoxy compounds such as phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, ⁇ -olefin oxide, and epoxidized soybean oil.
- epoxy compounds such as phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, ⁇ -olefin oxide, and epoxidized soybean oil.
- phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexene oxide, and ⁇ -olefin oxide are preferable in terms of compatibility.
- the alkyl group of the alkyl glycidyl ether and the alkylene group of the alkylene glycol glycidyl ether may have a branch and usually have 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 24, particularly 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the ⁇ -olefin oxide generally has a total carbon number of 4 to 50, preferably 4 to 24, particularly 6 to 16.
- one type of acid scavenger may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the blending amount is usually 0.005 to 5% by mass, particularly 0.05 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine lubricating oil, from the viewpoints of effects and suppression of sludge generation.
- the stability of the refrigerating machine lubricating oil can be improved by blending this acid scavenger.
- the combined use of the extreme pressure agent and the antioxidant exhibits the effect of further improving the stability.
- the antifoaming agent include silicone oil and fluorinated silicone oil.
- the refrigerating machine lubricating oil of the present invention can be blended with various other known additives as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the refrigerating machine lubricating oil is mixed with a refrigerant and used as a mixed composition for a refrigerating machine in a refrigerating machine.
- the mass ratio of the refrigerant to the refrigerator lubricating oil is preferably 99/1 to 10/90, and is in the range of 95/5 to 30/70. More preferably, it is more preferably in the range of 95/5 to 40/60.
- the mass ratio is in the above range, the refrigerating capacity and the lubricating performance can be improved in a good balance.
- the lubrication method of the present invention is a lubrication method that uses the above-described refrigerator lubricating oil in a refrigerator that uses the refrigerant.
- the refrigerator includes the refrigerant and the refrigerator lubricating oil mixed with the refrigerant, and any device constituting the refrigerator is provided with a rubber member that contacts the mixed composition for the refrigerator or the refrigerator lubricating oil. It is.
- the rubber member comes into contact with a mixed composition for a refrigerator and a refrigerator lubricating oil.
- the refrigerator lubricating oil of the present invention can suppress swelling of the rubber member. Therefore, the refrigerator of the present invention can suppress the refrigerator lubricating oil leak and the refrigerant leak due to the swelling of the rubber member.
- the refrigerator of this invention is a compression type refrigerator provided with a compressor at least, and an above-described rubber member is a rubber member provided in a compressor.
- the rubber member is not particularly limited, but hydrogenated nitrile rubber (H-NBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer (EPDM), silicone rubber, Examples include butyl rubber (IIR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), urethane rubber (U), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), and fluoro rubber (FKM).
- H-NBR hydrogenated nitrile rubber
- NBR nitrile rubber
- CR chloroprene rubber
- EPDM ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer
- silicone rubber examples include butyl rubber (IIR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), urethane rubber (U), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), and fluoro rubber (FKM).
- IIR butyl rubber
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- the refrigerator includes, for example, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (such as an expansion valve) and an evaporator, or a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, a dryer, and an evaporator, and these constitute a refrigeration cycle.
- the refrigerant mixed with the refrigerator lubricating oil is circulated in the refrigeration cycle and repeatedly absorbs and releases heat.
- the refrigerator lubricating oil lubricates a refrigerator, for example, a sliding portion of a compressor.
- the refrigerator of the present invention can be applied to, for example, car air conditioners, gas heat pumps (GHP), air conditioners, refrigerators, vending machines, showcases, water heaters, floor heaters and other refrigerator systems, hot water supply systems, and heating systems. It can be preferably used for car air conditioners such as electric car air conditioners and open car air conditioners, and is particularly suitable for open car air conditioners.
- the water content in the system system is preferably 300 ppm by mass or less and the residual air partial pressure is preferably 10 kPa or less.
- the water content is more preferably 200 ppm by mass or less, and the residual air partial pressure is more preferably 5 kPa or less.
- the compatibility test was implemented about the case where the ratio of the refrigerant
- Rubber compatibility test In an autoclave test, a rubber sample having a size of 10 mm x 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm was immersed in a mixed composition for a refrigerator, and the swelling property of rubber by the mixed composition for a refrigerator was evaluated. In this test, a mixed composition for a refrigerator having a mass ratio of the refrigerator lubricating oil and the refrigerant of 20: 8.5 was used.
- Rubber sample HNBR, CR, EPDM Test temperature: 175 ° C., test time: 24 hours Evaluation items: weight change rate (%), volume change rate (%) The rubber compatibility test in this example was considered acceptable if both the weight change rate and the volume change rate of the rubber were 0% or more and less than 6%.
- Examples 1 to 15 and Comparative Examples 1 to 19 The carboxylic acid shown in Table 1 and a polyol ester of a polyhydric alcohol were used as the refrigerator lubricating oil. Moreover, using R1234yf as a refrigerant, a mixed composition for a refrigerator comprising a refrigerator lubricating oil and a refrigerant was produced, and a compatibility test and a rubber compatibility test were performed. Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index of the polyol ester (refrigeration machine lubricating oil) were also measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- nC6 n-hexanoic acid
- nC7 n-heptanoic acid
- C8 2-ethylhexanoic acid
- C9 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid
- neoC10 Neodecanoic acid
- C12 2-butyloctanoic acid
- C16 Isopalmitic acid
- C18T Linoleic acid
- C18 ' Oleic acid
- Branch C18 Isostearic acid
- PE Pentaerythritol
- DPE Dipentaerythritol
- the fatty acid (a1) consisting of only a fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms or the fatty acid having 9 carbon atoms is 50 mol% or more based on the total amount of the fatty acid (a1)
- Unsaturation is achieved by using, as a base oil, a polyol ester (A) of a fatty acid (a1) that is a fatty acid having 10 to 16 carbon atoms and a polyol (a2) that is pentaerythritol and / or dipentaerythritol. While the compatibility of the fluorinated hydrocarbon compound with the refrigerant was improved, the swelling of the rubber member could be appropriately suppressed.
- the mixed composition for a refrigerator of the present invention can be used for a car air conditioner, a gas heat pump (GHP), an air conditioner, a refrigerator, a vending machine, a showcase, a water heater, a floor heater, and the like. It can be suitably used for a car air conditioner such as an electric car air conditioner.
- GFP gas heat pump
- an air conditioner such as an electric car air conditioner.
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Abstract
Description
不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に対しては、冷凍機潤滑油の基油として、例えば、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール類、ポリオールエステル類、ポリカーボネート類等の含酸素化合物の使用が検討されている。
(1)下記の分子式(1)
CpFrHs・・・(1)
[式中、pは2~6、rは1~11、sは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]
で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒と、
炭素数9~16の脂肪酸であって炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上である脂肪酸(a1)と、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はジペンタエリスリトールであるポリオール(a2)とのポリオールエステル(A)を主成分として含有する冷凍機潤滑油と
を含む冷凍機用混合組成物。
(2)前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、プロペンのフッ化物である上記(1)に記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(3)前記プロペンのフッ化物が、ペンタフルオロプロペンの各種異性体、3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン、及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンから選ばれる少なくとも1種である上記(2)に記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(4)前記冷媒が、前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物のみからなる上記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(5)前記脂肪酸(a1)が、炭素数9の脂肪酸のみからなる上記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(6)前記脂肪酸(a1)が、炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上であるとともに、その残分が炭素数10~12の脂肪酸である上記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(7)前記炭素数9~16の脂肪酸が、分岐脂肪酸を含む上記(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(8)水素添加ニトリルゴム(H-NBR)、ニトリルゴム(NBR)、クロロプレンゴム(CR)、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン三元共重合体(EPDM)、シリコーンゴム、ブチルゴム(IIR)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ウレタンゴム(U)、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレン(CSM)、及びフッ素ゴム(FKM)のいずれかから選択されるゴム部材が設けられた冷凍機に使用される上記(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(9)冷凍機潤滑油が、極圧剤、油性剤、酸化防止剤、酸捕捉剤及び消泡剤の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加剤を含む上記(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(10)前記冷媒が、さらに飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含み、前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が1,1-ジフルオロエタン、トリフルオロエタン、テトラフルオロエタン及びペンタフルオロエタンの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種である上記(1)~(3)、(5)~(9)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(11)カーエアコン、ガスヒートポンプ、空調、冷蔵庫、自動販売機、ショーケース、給湯機、床暖房から選択される冷凍機システム、給湯システム、又は暖房システムに用いられる上記(1)~(10)のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(12)システム内の水分含有量が300質量ppm以下で、残存空気分圧が10kPa以下である上記(11)に記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
(13)下記の分子式(1)
CpFrHs・・・(1)
[式中、pは2~6、rは1~11、sは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]
で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に使用される冷凍機潤滑油であって、
炭素数9~16の脂肪酸であって炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上である脂肪酸(a1)と、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はジペンタエリスリトールであるポリオール(a2)とのポリオールエステル(A)を主成分として含有する冷凍機潤滑油。
(14)下記の分子式(1)
CpFrHs・・・(1)
[式中、pは2~6、rは1~11、sは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]
で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒を使用する冷凍機において、
炭素数9~16の脂肪酸であって炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上である脂肪酸(a1)と、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はジペンタエリスリトールであるポリオール(a2)とのポリオールエステル(A)を主成分として含有する冷凍機潤滑油を使用する潤滑方法。
(15)下記の分子式(1)
CpFrHs・・・(1)
[式中、pは2~6、rは1~11、sは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]
で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒と、
炭素数9~16の脂肪酸であって炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上である脂肪酸(a1)と、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はジペンタエリスリトールであるポリオール(a2)とのポリオールエステル(A)を主成分として含有する冷凍機潤滑油とを備える冷凍機。
本発明に係る冷凍機潤滑油は、以下の冷媒に対して使用されるものである。また、本発明に係る冷凍機用混合組成物は、冷凍機潤滑油と冷媒を含むものである。以下、冷媒及び冷凍機潤滑油についてより詳細に説明する。
<冷媒>
本発明に係る冷媒は、下記の分子式(1)
CpFrHs ・・・(1)
[式中、pは2~6、rは1~11、sは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]
で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含むものである。
該分子式(1)において、Cpで表されるp個の炭素原子の結合形態は、炭素-炭素単結合、炭素-炭素二重結合等の不飽和結合などがある。炭素-炭素の不飽和結合は、安定性の点から、炭素-炭素二重結合であることが好ましく、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、分子中に炭素-炭素二重結合等の不飽和結合を1以上有し、その数は1であるものが好ましい。すなわち、Cpで表されるp個の炭素原子の結合形態の少なくとも1つは、炭素-炭素二重結合であることがより好ましい。
具体的には、1~3個のフッ素原子が導入されたエチレンのフッ化物、1~5個のフッ素原子が導入されたプロペンのフッ化物、1~7個のフッ素原子が導入されたブテンのフッ化物、1~9個のフッ素原子が導入されたペンテンのフッ化物、1~11個のフッ素原子が導入されたヘキセンのフッ化物、1~5個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロブテンのフッ化物、1~7個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロペンテンのフッ化物、1~9個のフッ素原子が導入されたシクロヘキセンのフッ化物などが挙げられる。
これらの中では、フッ素原子が4個導入されたプロペンがより好ましく、HFO1234yfで代表される2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンが特に好ましい。
本発明においては、この不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明では、冷媒は、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物に加えて、他の化合物を必要に応じて含む混合冷媒であってもよく、例えば飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含んでもよい。
飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物としては、炭素数2~4のアルカンのフッ化物が好ましく、エタンのフッ化物である1,1-ジフルオロエタン(R152a)、1,1,1-トリフルオロエタン(R143a)、1,1,2-トリフルオロエタン(R143)等のトリフルオロエタン、1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン(R134a)、1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン(R134)等のテフラフルオロエタン、1,1,1,2,2-ペンタフルオロエタン(R125)等のペンタフルオロエタンが挙げられる。これらの飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物は、1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
本発明の冷凍機潤滑油は、ポリオールエステル(A)を主成分として含有するものである。以下、ポリオールエステル(A)についてより詳細に説明する。
ポリオールエステル(A)は、炭素数9~16の脂肪酸であり、炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上である脂肪酸(a1)と、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はジペンタエリスリトールであるポリオール(a2)とのポリオールエステルである。より具体的には、ポリオールエステル(A)は、上記脂肪酸(a1)が、炭素数9の脂肪酸のみからなるものであり、又は炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上であるとともに、その残分が炭素数10~16の脂肪酸であるものである。
冷凍機潤滑油は、上記ポリオールエステル(A)を使用することで、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に対する相溶性が良好になり、また、冷凍機に使用されるゴム部材の膨潤を抑制しやすくなる。また、相溶性をより向上させる観点から、脂肪酸(a1)が炭素数9の脂肪酸のみからなることが好ましく、相溶性及びゴム部材の膨潤の抑制効果をバランス良く向上するためには、炭素数10~16の脂肪酸を含むことが好ましい。
また、脂肪酸(a1)における炭素数10~16の脂肪酸としては、n-デカン酸、n-ウンデカン酸、ラウリル酸(n-ドデカン酸)、n-トリデカン酸、ミリスチン酸(n-テトラデカン酸)、n-ペンタデカン酸、パルミチン酸(n-ヘキサデカン酸)等の直鎖脂肪酸;ネオデカン酸等で代表される分岐状のデカン酸、分岐状のウンデカン酸、2-ブチルオクタン酸等で代表される分岐状のドデカン酸、分岐状のトリデカン酸、分岐状のテトラデカン酸、分岐状のペンタデカン酸、イソパルミチン酸等で代表される分岐状のヘキサデカン酸等の分岐脂肪酸が挙げられる。
炭素数10~16の脂肪酸としては、上記した相溶性及びゴム部材の膨潤の抑制効果を適切に向上させる観点から分岐脂肪酸が好ましい。なかでも上記した相溶性及びゴム部材の膨潤の抑制効果をより発揮しやすい点からはネオデカン酸がより好ましい。また、相溶性及びゴム部材の膨潤の抑制効果に加えて、粘度特性も良好にできる観点からは、2-ブチルオクタン酸、イソパルミチン酸等がより好ましく、これらの中では2-ブチルオクタン酸がさらに好ましい。
また、脂肪酸(a1)が炭素数13~16の脂肪酸を含む場合、炭素数13~16の脂肪酸は、脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して30モル%以下であることが好ましく、1~25モル%であることがより好ましい。このように、比較的炭素数の大きい脂肪酸を使用する場合には、その使用量を抑えることで、ゴム部材の膨潤を適切に抑制しつつ上記した相溶性を良好にしやすくなる。
さらに、脂肪酸(a1)が炭素数10~12の脂肪酸を含む場合、炭素数10~12の脂肪酸は、脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以下であればよいが、10~40モル%程度であることが好ましい。
また、脂肪酸(a1)は、炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上であるとともに、その残分が炭素数10~12の脂肪酸であることが好ましい。このように、脂肪酸(a1)に含有される炭素数10~16の脂肪酸が、炭素数が比較的小さいものであると、相溶性及びゴム部材の膨潤の抑制効果をバランス良く向上させることができる。
上記2種のポリオールのエステルの混合物である場合、ペンタエリスリトールのエステルは、モル基準で、ジペンタエリスリトールのエステルよりも多いことが好ましく、ジペンタエリスリトールのエステルに対するペンタエリスリトールのエステルのモル比(ペンタエリスリトール/ジペンタエリスリトール)は、95/5~60/40であることがより好ましい。
なお、ポリオールエステル(A)は、ポリオールの全ての水酸基がエステル化されずに残った部分エステルであっても良く、全ての水酸基がエステル化された完全エステルであっても良く、また部分エステルと完全エステルの混合物であっても良いが、完全エステルであることが好ましい。
また、粘度指数は、粘度特性を良好にする観点から、特に限定されないが、40以上であることが好ましく、60以上であることがより好ましく、80以上であることが特に好ましい。粘度指数の上限は、特に限定されないが、通常、200以下程度となる。
また、ポリオールエステル(A)は、その分解を抑制して、冷凍機潤滑油の安定性を高める観点から、酸価が0.1mgKOH/g以下であることが好ましく、0.05mgKOH/g以下であることがより好ましい。なお、酸価はJIS K 2501に規定される「潤滑油中和試験方法」に準拠し、指示薬法により測定するものある。
冷凍機潤滑油に用いる基油は、上記ポリオールエステル(A)のみからなることが好ましい。なお、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、ポリオールエステル(A)以外の基油を含有していてもよい。ポリオールエステル(A)以外の基油としては、ポリオールエステル(A)以外のポリエステル類、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール類、ポリビニルエーテル類、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコール又はそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体、ポリカーボネート類、α-オレフィンオリゴマーの水素化物、さらには鉱油、脂環式炭化水素化合物、アルキル化芳香族炭化水素化合物などを挙げることができる。
ポリオールエステル(A)以外のポリエステル類としては、2~20価の多価アルコール、好ましくは2~10価の多価アルコールと、脂肪酸とのポリオールエステルが挙げられる。
本発明の冷凍機潤滑油は、基油以外にも、極圧剤、油性剤、酸化防止剤、酸捕捉剤、消泡剤などの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加剤を含有してもよい。
極圧剤としては、リン酸エステル、酸性リン酸エステル、亜リン酸エステル、酸性亜リン酸エステル及びこれらのアミン塩などのリン系極圧剤を挙げることができる。
これらのリン系極圧剤の中で、極圧性、摩擦特性などの点からトリクレジルホスフェート、トリチオフェニルホスフェート、トリ(ノニルフェニル)ホスファイト、ジオレイルハイドロゲンホスファイト、2-エチルヘキシルジフェニルホスファイトなどが特に好ましい。
一方、金属塩を構成する金属としてはアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属が好ましく、特に、アルカリ金属が最適である。
さらに、上記以外の極圧剤として、例えば、硫化油脂、硫化脂肪酸、硫化エステル、チオカーバメート類、チオテルペン類、ジアルキルチオジプロピオネート類などの硫黄系極圧剤を挙げることができる。
上記極圧剤の配合量は、潤滑性及び安定性の点から、冷凍機潤滑油全量に基づき、通常0.001~5質量%、特に0.005~3質量%が好ましい。
極圧剤は1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組合わせて用いてもよい。
これらは1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、その配合量は、冷凍機潤滑油全量に基づき、通常0.01~10質量%、好ましくは0.1~5質量%の範囲で選定される。
このアルキルグリシジルエーテルのアルキル基、及びアルキレングリコールグリシジルエーテルのアルキレン基は、分岐を有していてもよく、炭素数は通常3~30、好ましくは4~24、特に6~16のものである。また、α-オレフィンオキシドは全炭素数が一般に4~50、好ましくは4~24、特に6~16のものを使用する。本発明においては、上記酸捕捉剤は1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、その配合量は、効果及びスラッジ発生の抑制の点から、冷凍機潤滑油全量に基づき、通常0.005~5質量%、特に0.05~3質量%が好ましい。
本発明においては、この酸捕捉剤を配合することにより、冷凍機潤滑油の安定性を向上させることができる。また、前記極圧剤及び酸化防止剤を併用することにより、さらに安定性を向上させる効果が発揮される。
消泡剤としては、例えば、シリコーン油やフッ素化シリコーン油などを挙げることができる。
本発明の冷凍機潤滑油には、さらに本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲で、他の公知の各種添加剤を配合することができる。
質量比が上記範囲であることで、冷凍能力及び潤滑性能をバランスよく良好にすることができる。
本発明の潤滑方法は、上記冷媒を使用する冷凍機において、上記の冷凍機潤滑油を使用する潤滑方法である。
冷凍機は、上記冷媒と冷媒に混合される冷凍機潤滑油を備え、冷凍機を構成するいずれかの装置に、冷凍機用混合組成物又は冷凍機潤滑油に接触するゴム部材が設けられるものである。このゴム部材には冷凍機用混合組成物や冷凍機潤滑油が接触するが、本発明の冷凍機潤滑油はゴム部材の膨潤を抑制できるものである。したがって、本発明の冷凍機は、ゴム部材の膨潤に起因する冷凍機潤滑油漏れや冷媒漏れを抑止することができる。
また、本発明の冷凍機は、少なくとも圧縮機を備える圧縮型冷凍機であり、上記したゴム部材は、圧縮機に設けられるゴム部材であることが好ましい。
上記冷凍機が適用される各システムにおいて、システム系内の水分含有量は300質量ppm以下であるとともに、残存空気分圧が10kPa以下であることが好ましい。また、水分含有量は、200質量ppm以下であることがより好ましく、残存空気分圧は5kPa以下であることがより好ましい。
なお、本発明における各物性の評価は、以下の方法で行った。
[評価方法]
(1)40℃動粘度、100℃動粘度
JIS K2283に準じ、ガラス製毛管式粘度計を用いて測定した。
(2)粘度指数
粘度指数は、JIS K 2283に準拠して算出した。
(3)相溶性試験
二層分離温度測定管(内容積10mL)に、冷凍機潤滑油と冷媒とを充填し、恒温槽内に保持した。恒温槽の温度を室温(25℃)より、温度を1℃/minの割合で80℃まで上げ、高温側の二層分離温度を測定した。なお、80℃まで二層分離しなかったものは、表において“80<”と示し、冷媒と冷凍機潤滑油が相溶しなかったものは“不溶”と示す。
また、恒温槽の温度を室温(25℃)より、温度を1℃/minの割合で-50℃まで下げ、低温側の二層分離温度を測定した。なお、-50℃まで二層分離しなかったものは、表において“-50>”と示し、冷媒と冷凍機潤滑油が相溶しなかったものは“不溶”と示す。
なお、相溶性試験は、各冷凍機用混合組成物全量に対する、冷媒の割合が、5質量%、10質量%、15質量%、20質量%、30質量%である場合それぞれについて実施した。
(4)ゴム適合性試験
オートクレーブ試験にて、10mm×10mm、厚さ2mmのゴムサンプルを冷凍機用混合組成物に浸漬して、冷凍機用混合組成物によるゴムの膨潤性を評価した。本試験では、冷凍機潤滑油と冷媒の質量比が20:8.5である冷凍機用混合組成物を使用した。
ゴムサンプル:HNBR、CR、EPDM
試験温度 :175℃、試験時間:24時間
評価項目 :重量変化率(%)、体積変化率(%)
本実施例におけるゴム適合性試験は、ゴムの重量変化率と体積変化率がともに0%以上6%未満であれば合格とした。
表1に示すカルボン酸と、多価アルコールのポリオールエステルを冷凍機潤滑油とした。また、冷媒にR1234yfを使用して、冷凍機潤滑油と冷媒からなる冷凍機用混合組成物を作製し、相溶性試験、ゴム適合性試験を実施した。さらに、ポリオールエステル(冷凍機潤滑油)の動粘度、粘度指数についても測定した。結果を表2に示す。
nC6 :n-ヘキサン酸
nC7 :n-ヘプタン酸
分岐C8 :2-エチルヘキサン酸
分岐C9 :3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸
neoC10:ネオデカン酸
分岐C12 :2-ブチルオクタン酸
分岐C16 :イソパルミチン酸
C18T :リノール酸
C18’ :オレイン酸
分岐C18 :イソステアリン酸
分岐C24 :イソテトラコサン酸
C24 :テトラコサン酸
PE :ペンタエリスリトール
DPE :ジペンタエリスリトール
一方で、各比較例で示すように、脂肪酸(a1)として炭素数8以下の脂肪酸、又は炭素数17以上の脂肪酸を使用すると、相溶性が低下し、また、ゴム部材の膨潤を十分に抑制できず、不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物の冷媒用の冷凍機潤滑油として十分な性能を発揮することができなかった。
Claims (15)
- 下記の分子式(1)
CpFrHs・・・(1)
[式中、pは2~6、rは1~11、sは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]
で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒と、
炭素数9~16の脂肪酸であって炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上である脂肪酸(a1)と、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はジペンタエリスリトールであるポリオール(a2)とのポリオールエステル(A)を主成分として含有する冷凍機潤滑油と
を含む冷凍機用混合組成物。 - 前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が、プロペンのフッ化物である請求項1に記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- 前記プロペンのフッ化物が、ペンタフルオロプロペンの各種異性体、3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン、1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン、及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンから選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項2に記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- 前記冷媒が、前記不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物のみからなる請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- 前記脂肪酸(a1)が、炭素数9の脂肪酸のみからなる請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- 前記脂肪酸(a1)が、炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上であるとともに、その残分が炭素数10~12の脂肪酸である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- 前記炭素数9~16の脂肪酸が、分岐脂肪酸を含む請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- 水素添加ニトリルゴム(H-NBR)、ニトリルゴム(NBR)、クロロプレンゴム(CR)、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエン三元共重合体(EPDM)、シリコーンゴム、ブチルゴム(IIR)、スチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)、ウレタンゴム(U)、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレン(CSM)、及びフッ素ゴム(FKM)のいずれかから選択されるゴム部材が設けられた冷凍機に使用される請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- 冷凍機潤滑油が、極圧剤、油性剤、酸化防止剤、酸捕捉剤及び消泡剤の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の添加剤を含む請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- 前記冷媒が、さらに飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含み、前記飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物が1,1-ジフルオロエタン、トリフルオロエタン、テトラフルオロエタン及びペンタフルオロエタンの中から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1~3、及び5~9のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- カーエアコン、ガスヒートポンプ、空調、冷蔵庫、自動販売機、ショーケース、給湯機、床暖房から選択される冷凍機システム、給湯システム、又は暖房システムに用いられる請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- システム内の水分含有量が300質量ppm以下で、残存空気分圧が10kPa以下である請求項11に記載の冷凍機用混合組成物。
- 下記の分子式(1)
CpFrHs・・・(1)
[式中、pは2~6、rは1~11、sは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]
で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒に使用される冷凍機潤滑油であって、
炭素数9~16の脂肪酸であって炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上である脂肪酸(a1)と、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はジペンタエリスリトールであるポリオール(a2)とのポリオールエステル(A)を主成分として含有する冷凍機潤滑油。 - 下記の分子式(1)
CpFrHs・・・(1)
[式中、pは2~6、rは1~11、sは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]
で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒を使用する冷凍機において、
炭素数9~16の脂肪酸であって炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上である脂肪酸(a1)と、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はジペンタエリスリトールであるポリオール(a2)とのポリオールエステル(A)を主成分として含有する冷凍機潤滑油を使用する潤滑方法。 - 下記の分子式(1)
CpFrHs・・・(1)
[式中、pは2~6、rは1~11、sは1~11の整数であり、分子中に炭素-炭素不飽和結合を1以上有する。]
で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種の不飽和フッ化炭化水素化合物を含む冷媒と、
炭素数9~16の脂肪酸であって炭素数9の脂肪酸が脂肪酸(a1)全量に対して50モル%以上である脂肪酸(a1)と、ペンタエリスリトール及び/又はジペンタエリスリトールであるポリオール(a2)とのポリオールエステル(A)を主成分として含有する冷凍機潤滑油とを備える冷凍機。
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KR102659403B1 (ko) | 2024-04-19 |
JP6575009B2 (ja) | 2019-09-18 |
JP2016190892A (ja) | 2016-11-10 |
US10435641B2 (en) | 2019-10-08 |
KR20170132739A (ko) | 2017-12-04 |
US20180079982A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
EP3279291A4 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
EP3279291A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
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CN107406785A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
CN107406785B (zh) | 2021-03-23 |
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