WO2016151271A1

WO2016151271A1 - Force-increasing system

Info

Publication number: WO2016151271A1
Application number: PCT/FR2016/050707
Authority: WO
Inventors: Eric Valat
Original assignee: REY, Florence; REY, Emma
Priority date: 2015-03-26
Filing date: 2016-03-29
Publication date: 2016-09-29
Also published as: FR3034159A1; FR3034160A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a force-increasing system (SYS1), comprising: at least one first fulcrum (PA1', P3, P7, BT2, BT4) and one second fulcrum (PA2', P4, P8, BT2, BT4); at least one first lever arm (BP1, BP2); an energy source (SE1) configured to move the arm at least from a first position into a second position; at least one first link rod (B1) and one second link rod (B2) which accompany the movement of the lever arm and which are connected to the lever arm and to the fulcrums; an output rotation shaft (AR1) connected to the arm and configured to be pivoted about its axis at least during the movement of the first arm from the first position into the second position; and means (BP2, PL1, CA1) for moving the first arm from the second position into the first position.

Description

FORCE INCREASE SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a force augmentation system comprising a lever arm.

The technical field of the invention relates to mechanical systems that use the force of a lever to increase their yields.

A lever is a "simple machine", known for thousands of years, and can be used either to amplify a movement or to amplify an effort.

FIGS. 1A and 1B show operating principles of the levers which will be applied later in the system according to the invention. The levers are traditionally grouped into three classes, according to the arrangement of their fulcrum and the input and output forces. Figure 1A shows a lever Ll of the first class ("inter-support lever"), and Figure 1B shows a lever L2 of the second class ("inter-resistant lever). The levers of the third class ("inter-engine lever") are not concerned here.

In FIG. 1A, the lever L1 comprises: a lever arm BL1 having three force application points E1, E2, E3, a weight P (resistance), and a bearing point PA1. For the levers of the first class, the point El corresponds to the point of application of a driving force F1 (also called "force" or "input force") down to one end of the arm. The point E2 corresponds to the point of application of a resultant force F2 (also called "movement" or "output force") applied to the weight P located at the other end of the arm in order to lift the weight. The point E3 corresponds to the point of application of a "support force" F3 because of the forces F1, F2 on the support point PA1 disposed between the two ends of the arm. The distance between the points E1, E2 is D12, the distance between the points E1, E3 is D13, and the distance between the points E2, E3 is D23, so that D12 = D13 + D23.

The effect of the lever depends on the distances between the points E1, E2, E3, and the forces F1, F2 giving the following force ratio equation:

Fl * D13 = F2 * D23 [Equation 1]

(each force is multiplied by its distance from the point of support PAl)

The vertical displacement distance z1, z2 of each point E1, E2 depends on the ratio of the distances D13, D23, so that z1 / z2 = D13 / D23. The vertical displacement distance zl may be greater than, equal to, or less than the distance of vertical displacement z2, but in general, the values zl, D13 are greater than the values z2, D23 in order to obtain the effect of the lever arm).

In FIG. 1B, the lever L2 comprises: a lever arm BL2 having three force application points E1, E2, E3, a weight P (resistance), and a bearing point PA2. For the levers of the second class, the point El corresponds to the point of application of a driving force FI 'down to one end of the arm. Here, the point E2 corresponds to the point of application of a "raising force" F2 'upwards at the bearing point PA2 disposed at the other end of the arm, and the point E3 corresponds to the point of application of the a resultant force F3 'applied downwards between the two ends of the arm. (Here, the weight P is connected to the point E3 by a system of pulleys PS in order to show the driving forces Fl, FI 'in the same direction.) The distance between the points E1, E2 is D12, the distance between the points El , E3 is D13, and the distance between the points E2, E3 is D23, so that D12 = D13 + D23.

The effect of the lever depends on the distances between the points E1, E2, E3, and the forces F1, F3, giving the following force ratio equation:

F1 '* D12 = F3' * D23 [Equation 2]

(Similarly, each force is multiplied by its distance to the point of support PA2).

The vertical displacement distance z1, z3 of each point E1, E3 depends on the ratio of distances D12, D23, so that z1 / z3 = D12 / D23. The distance z1 is always greater than the distance z3.

It would be desirable to find a lever system that increases the input force of a lever to provide a multiplied force output.

Embodiments of the invention provide a force augmentation system comprising: at least a first fulcrum and a second fulcrum; at least one first lever arm having a driving force application point at a first end of the lever arm, a point of application of the fulcrum at the second end of the lever arm, and a a point of application of a resultant force located between the two ends of the lever arm; a power source connected to the driving force application point and configured to move the first arm at least from a first position to a second position; at least a first link and a second link that follow the movement of the lever arm; the first link having a first end connected to the point of application of the resulting force and a second end connected to the first fulcrum, and the second link having a first end connected to the point; applying the fulcrum and a second end connected to the second fulcrum; an output rotation shaft connected to the first arm and configured to be pivoted about its axis at least during movement of the first arm from the first position to the second position; and means for moving the first arm from the second position to the first position.

According to one embodiment, the means for moving the first main arm of the second position to the first position comprise a second lever arm comprising: a point of application of a driving force located at a first end of the lever arm, a point of application of the fulcrum at the second end of the lever arm, and a point of application of a resultant force located between the two ends of the lever arm; a power source connected to the driving force application point and configured to move the second arm at least from a first position to a second position; at least a first link and a second link that follow the movement of the lever arm; the first link having a first end connected to the point of application of the resulting force and a second end connected to the first fulcrum, and the second link comprising a first end connected to the point of application of the fulcrum and a second end connected to the second fulcrum; an output rotation shaft connected to the second arm and configured to be pivoted about its axis at least during movement of the second arm from the first position to the second position; and means for moving the second arm from the second position to the first position.

According to one embodiment, the second ends of the links are mounted on a carriage comprising wheels held between an upper rail and a lower rail, the carriage being configured to move with the change of position of the arm.

According to one embodiment, the upper rail and the lower rail have an inclined portion which makes up and down at least a portion of the carriage during its movement.

According to one embodiment, the first ends of the links are mounted on a part which comprises a rolling roller which presses against the support with the movement of the main arm, preventing the main arm from moving horizontally. According to one embodiment, a linkage further comprises a cam-shaped protrusion arranged on its first end so that the rotation around the first end causes the protrusion to press against the lower face of the arm in order to slightly raise it and to make it rotate around a point of rotation.

According to one embodiment, the system further comprises a lifting arm comprising: a first end connected to the point of application of the driving force of the lever arm, another end which comes into contact with the second end of one of the tie rods, and a fulcrum between the two ends; moving the main lever arm acting on the lifting arm to apply a counterforce that acts on the link and consequently on the main lever arm.

According to one embodiment, the system further comprises rollers mounted on the point of application of the driving force of the lever arm, and a cam having an edge which comes into contact with the rollers on a bearing and configured to rotate. around a rotating shaft under the effect of the energy source; so that the energy source rotates the cam, which presses against the rollers on the bearing, which move the lever arm from the first position to the second position.

According to one embodiment, the system further comprises: rollers mounted on the second end of the lever arm, and a cam having an edge that contacts the rollers on a bearing and configured to rotate around the shaft rotating output; so that the movement of the lever arm from the first position to the second position causes the rollers to bear against the cam, which rotates the rotation shaft.

According to one embodiment, the rollers are mounted on a carriage which slides on a rail on one end of the lever arm.

According to one embodiment, the system further comprises a half-toothed wheel connected to the output rotation shaft, and a frame connected to the point of application of the resulting force of the lever arm, which surrounds the wheel and which includes teeth on each vertical side, the teeth of the wheel engage with the frame teeth on one side at a time; so that the movement of the lever arm between the first position and the second position, and between the second position and the first position alternately rotates the half-toothed wheel and the rotation shaft continuously. According to one embodiment, the system further comprises a half-toothed wheel connected to the energy source, and a frame connected to the point of application of the driving force of the lever arm, which surrounds the wheel and which comprises teeth on each vertical side, the teeth of the wheel engage with the frame teeth on one side at a time; so that the rotation of the toothed wheel causes the lever arm to move between the first position and the second position, and between the second position and the first position alternately.

According to one embodiment, the system further comprises a pulley mounted above the main arm and on the output shaft, and a pulley mounted below the main arm; the pulleys being connected by a chain or toothed belt attached to the arm so that the displacement of the arm causes the pulleys to rotate in a first direction.

According to one embodiment, the output rotation shaft is connected to a generator.

According to one embodiment, the links comprise extensions that come into contact with each other, causing the pivoting of their respective links.

According to one embodiment, the length of one link is smaller than the length of the other link.

According to one embodiment, the distance between the first ends of the rods is smaller than the distance between the second ends of the rods.

According to one embodiment, the system comprises at least two main lever arms in series, the second end of the first lever arm being connected to the first end of the second lever arm.

According to one embodiment, the energy source is connected to the point of application of the driving force of the lever arm by a rod which is fixed on a lug integral with a chain, the chain being mounted around a pinion upper and lower gear, so that the power source up and down the lug, pulling on the rod and accordingly the lever arm.

According to one embodiment, the system further comprises at least one crank, at least one half-shaft, and at least one freewheel; the crank comprises one end connected to the point of application of the resultant force and the other end connected to one end of the half-shaft, the other end of which is fixed around the rotation shaft via the wheel free. According to one embodiment, the lever arm comprises a vertical extension so that the point of application of the resulting force is shifted, and the first link at its end connected to the offset application point.

According to one embodiment, the angle formed between the point of application of the driving force, the point of application shifts the resultant force which is the vertex of the angle, and the point of application of the point of support is greater than 0 ° and less than 180 °.

According to one embodiment, the angle formed between the point of application of the driving force, the point of application of the resultant force which is the apex of the angle, and the point of application of the fulcrum is greater than 90 ° and less than 180 °.

According to one embodiment, the system further comprises means for transmitting motion between the support points.

Other particular features and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the detailed description given with reference to the figures in which:

FIGS. 1A and 1B show principles of operation of the conventional levers,

FIG. 2 represents the operating principle of a lever according to the invention,

FIG. 3 represents a side view of a lever system according to a first embodiment,

FIG. 4 represents a side view of a lever system according to another embodiment,

FIG. 5 represents a side view of a lever system according to another embodiment,

FIG. 6 shows a side view of a lever system according to another embodiment,

FIG. 7 represents a side view of a lever system according to another embodiment,

FIGS. 8A and 8B show the operating principle of another lever according to the invention,

FIG. 9 represents the operating principle of another lever according to the invention,

FIG. 10 represents the operating principle of another lever according to the invention, and

- Figure 11 shows the operating principle of another lever according to the invention. FIG. 2 represents the principle of operation of a lever according to the invention, which can be considered as a combination of levers of the first class and the second class.

In FIG. 2, a lever L3 comprises a lever arm BL3, two links B1, B2, and two bearing points ΡΑ, PA2 '. The arm BL3 has three force application points E1, E2, E3, as described with reference to FIG. 1B. The points E1, E3, E2 are substantially aligned to form an angle of about 180 ° between them. The link B1 anchors the force application point E3 at the fulcrum ΡΑ through points of rotation P1, P3, and the link B2 anchors the point of application of the fulcrum E2 at the support point PA2. 'through points of rotation P2, P4. The points PI, P2, P3, P4 have distances dl2, dl3, d24, and d34 between them which allow the links B1, B2 to lean together on one side downwards with the descent of the arm BL3, and to straighten together upward with the arm lift BL3.

The lever L3 can be considered as a combination of the two levers L1, L2 described in connection with Figures 1A, 1B. More particularly, the lever Ll is found between the points El, ΡΑ, E2, and the lever L2 is found between the points El, E3, PA2 '.

A driving force FM, equal to Fl + FI ', applied to the point El causes a movement of the lever arm BL3 downwards creating the lever arm effect between the points E1, E2, E3. The upward force F2 located at point P2 is retained through link B2 and points P4, PA2 ', preventing lever arm BL3 from pivoting about the point P1. The upward force F2' located at point P4, is also retained through points P4, PA2 'and is lost. The force F3 down, located at point ΡΑ, is also lost. Finally, the force F3 'downwards, located at the point P1, has no support point preventing its descent, and lowers the links B1, B2 with the descent of the arm BL3.

As a result, the driving force F1 is lost in the system, and only the forces F1 ', F3' are taken into account, with a force multiplication F3 'at the point E3 with respect to the force F1', as explained in connection with Figure 1B. Although the forces F1, F2, F3 are not taken into account for the calculations, the arrangement as described allows the points E1, E3 of the system to descend distances z1, z3 respectively which are essentially the same. The point E1 does a work Tl equal to the force F1 'multiplied by the distance traveled z1, that is to say T1 = F1' * z1. Similarly, the point E3 does a work T3 equal to the force F3 'multiplied by the distance traveled z3, that is T3 = F3 '* z3. It is therefore desirable to reduce the work Tl made for example by a power source by reducing the distance zl, without reducing the work T3 output.

The goal is to obtain a system such that the distance traveled by one end of the lever arm is the same as the distance traveled by the other end of the lever arm, and that the time to perform this course is the same for each end, that is to say that the speed of movement at the points of force El, E3 of the lever arm is the same, while maintaining the lever arm effect that increases the driving force FI 'applied in input to obtain the resulting force F3 'at the output, F3' = n * Fl '(n being a multiplication coefficient).

FIG. 3 represents a side view of a system SYS1 according to a first embodiment, which implements the operating principle of the lever L3. The system SYS1 comprises an energy source SE1, two main lever arms BP1, BP2, four links Bl, B2, B3, B4, two cranks Ml, M2, two half-shafts DA1, DA2, an output shaft. AR1 and a power destination GE1, mounted on a support SP.

The energy source SE1 is connected to the point El of the arm BP1 by a rod BL1 which is fixed on a lug ER1 integral with a chain CNl. The energy source SE1 is also connected to the point E1 of the arm BP2 by a link BL2 which is fixed on a pin ER2 integral with a chain CN2.

The chain CN1 is mounted around a top gear PG1 and a lower gear PG2, while the chain CN2 is mounted around a top gear PG3 and a lower gear PG4. The elements CN2, PG3, PG4 are not shown here because they are located behind the CN elements 1, PG1, PG2 and aligned axially with them.

The lugs ER1, ER2 are mounted so that when one is at the high point, the other is at the low point, and vice versa. Shims (not shown) can be positioned between the PG1, PG2 and PG3, PG4 pinions to properly guide the CN, CN2 chains around the pinions respectively. The upper gears PG1, PG3 are mounted on their own rotation shafts, while the lower gears PG2, PG4 are mounted on a shaft driven in rotation by the power source SE1.

As a result, the energy source SE1 moves up and down the links BL1, BL2 alternately which, during their descent, pull the main arm BP1, BP2 respectively downwards. The links B1, B2, B3, B4 each have a first end connected to the arms BP1, BP2 by points P1, P2, P5, P6, and a second end connected to the support SP by points P3, P4, P7, P8 respectively , as described with reference to FIG. 2. Each point PI to P8 consists of a shaft mounted on a bearing allowing the rod to oscillate freely, the shaft and the rod being secured. In addition, the bearings of the points PI, P2 are maintained in a housing BT1 fixed to the arm BP1, the bearings of the points P3, P4 are held in a housing BT2 fixed to the support SP, the bearings of the points P5, P6 are maintained in a BT3 casing fixed to the arm BP2 and the bearings of the points P7, P8 are held in a BT4 box fixed to the support SP.

The points PI, P5 are connected to the lower end of the crank Ml, M2 whose other end is attached to one end of the half-shaft DA1, DA2. The other end of the half-shaft DA1, DA2 is fixed around the rotation shaft AR1 via a freewheel (not shown here). (Alternatively, instead of attaching the ends of the cranks Ml, M2 directly to the rods B1, B3, they can be attached directly to the lever arm BP1, BP2, or on the housings BT1, BT3. cranks are vertically aligned with the points P1, P5, in order to make the most of the resulting force F3 'produced at E3.)

A first plate PT1 is mounted on the rotation shaft AR1, and connected to a power destination GE1, for example a generator, through a second plate PT2 and a chain CN3. The plate PT2 has a smaller diameter than the diameter of the plate PT1 to increase the speed of rotation.

The main arm BP1, the rods B1, B2, the crank Ml and the half-shaft DA1 form a first subassembly SS1, and the main arm BP2, the links B3, B4, the crank M2 and the half-shaft DA2 form a second subset SS2, mounted in the same way.

The two subsets SS1, SS2 are connected so that the descent of one subset causes the rise of the other, and vice versa. In this embodiment, a connection means comprising a cable CA1 mounted on a pulley PLI, itself mounted on the support SP, provides the connection between the two subassemblies. One end of the cable CA1 is connected to the point E2 of the main arm BP1, and the other end of the cable CA1 is connected to the point E2 of the main arm BP2. In summary, the power source SE1 is turned on and pulls the main arm BPl downward, creating the lever arm effect between the points E1, E2, E3 with forces FI ', F2', F3 ' respectively. The upward force F2 'is held through the link B2 and the point P4, preventing the lever arm BP1 from pivoting about the point P1. The force F3' has no fulcrum preventing its descent, and down the links Bl, B2. The lever arm BP1, at its point E3, pulls the crank Ml and the half shaft DA1, rotating the rotation shaft AR1 and then the trays PT1, PT2. In addition, the cable CA1 raises the main arm BP2 at the same time.

Then, the energy source SE1 pulls the main arm BP2 down, which lowers the links B3, B4. The lever arm BP2, at its point E3, pulls on the crank M2 which rotates the axis of rotation AR1 and then the trays PT1, PT2, and pulls the cable GAI, raising the main arm BPl.

The systems move up and down alternately, rotating the AR1 rotation shaft in turn. The point El goes down by a distance zl, and the point E3 goes down by a distance z3. The force FI 'at the input gives a force F3' at the output.

The distances between the points E1, E2, E3 can be calculated to optimize the forces, according to the constraints (materials, mechanics, the available energy source, etc.) of the system and the surface available to accommodate it.

It has been found advantageous that one rod is slightly shorter than the other, and that the distance between their attachment points is also slightly smaller on one side than the other. For example, the distance dl3 between the points P1, P3 is a few millimeters or centimeters (depending on the size of the system) smaller than the distance d24 between the points P2, P4, and the distance d12 between the points P1, P2 is a few millimeters or centimeters smaller than the distance d34 between the points P3, P4, which forms a trapezium instead of a parallelogram.

In summary, dl3 <d24 and / or dl2 <d34. This helps the system to go down more easily, because unlike the parallelogram, which gives equal distances zl, z3 but requires either more force FI ', or a longer lever arm (thus more solid and bulky), the trapezium is more compact and lightweight. With this observation, the skilled person can experiment with different distances dl2, dl3, d23, d34, even empirically, to find a solution that is suitable for a given implementation.

On the other hand, this difference in lengths makes that the main arm does not descend perfectly parallel to itself, the point El having a distance of displacement zl greater than the displacement distance z3 of the point E3, which makes lose in power.

To compensate for this loss, there are several possibilities that can be implemented independently or in combination:

- lengthen the main arm,

- rotate the lever arm around a point of rotation at point E2,

- raise the bearing points (P3, P7) corresponding to the force F3 ',

and or

- Lower the support points (P4, P8) corresponding to the force F2 '.

FIG. 4 represents a side view of a SYS2 system according to another embodiment, grouping several alternatives that can be implemented independently or in combination.

The SYS2 system consists of two main arms, one of which is shown here, the other is not shown for reasons of clarity. The elements in common with the system of Figure 3 have the same references and will not be described again. In addition, the connection means, described in relation to Figure 3, will no longer be shown, for the sake of clarity of the figures.

The main arm BP11 comprises, at the point El, a rail RL1 on which a carriage CH1 is slidably mounted, with rollers GR1 which come into contact with the edge of a cam CM1. The cam CM1 is connected to a power source SE2 which rotates it around a rotation shaft AR2 so that its edge bears against the rollers GR1 of the carriage CH1, lowering the main arm BP11.

The main arm further comprises, at the other end (points E2, E3) two vertical extensions EV1, EV2, their upper ends being connected to each other by a rail RL2. A CH2 carriage with GR2 bearing rollers is slidably mounted on the RL2 rail. With the lowering of the arm, the rollers GR2 bear against the edge of a cam CM2. The cam CM2 rotates about a rotation shaft AR1 which rotates a plate PT3 mounted on the same shaft. The tray PT3 is connected by a chain CN4 to a plate PT4 which is connected to a power destination GE2.

The SYS2 system further comprises a lifting arm BS1 comprising a first end G1 connected to the point El of the main arm BP11, and another end G2 which is housed below the point P3 of the link B1. The arm BS1 pivots at a point G3 around a point of support PA3 fixed on the support SP, as described in relation with Figure 1A. The descent of the main arm BP11 presses the end G1 of the lifting arm BS1 which applies to the point G2 a counter force F4 which slightly raises the point P3, which pivots the arm assembly BP11 and links B1, B2 around point P4, raising the end El, and accordingly reducing the distance zl.

To give an example, and not in a limiting way, if the descent of a main arm rotates the shaft AR1 by 40 °, to effect a complete rotation (360 °) of the plate PTl with a single lever, it should make nine (9) round trip of the arm (descent / ascent). If two lever arms work alternately, it would take only four-and-a-half (4.5) round trip. If the energy source SE1 is configured to drive the arms BP1, BP2 one hundred and eighty times per minute (180 / minute), the speed of the plate PT1 becomes V = 180 / 4.5 = 40 rpm. The GE1 generator should run at 1600 rpm to produce 20 A (amperes) at 12 volts. The power of the generator is P = 20 A x 12 V = 240 Watts, and it needs twenty percent (20%) extra power to operate, or 290 Watts. If the length of the half-shaft DA1, DA2 is equal to 13 centimeters, 0.13 meters, the force F3 'at the point PI is then:

F3 = 290 / (40 * 0.13) = 56 N / m (Newton / meters)

For a 1.200 m main arm, a 0.230 m link Bl, a 0.250 m link B2, distances dl2 equal to 0.099 m, and d34 equal 0.100 m, give z1 equal to 0.120 m and z3 equal to 0.080 m without the lifting arm BSl. With the lift arm BS1, the difference between z1 and z3 is reduced, for example to z1 equal to 0.085 m and z3 equal to 0.075 m.

A force FI 'of 20 N / m was exerted at the point El, and a force F3' of about 58 N / m was obtained at the point E3, a multiplying coefficient of about three times. The power source SE1 of 150 Watts rotating at 320 revolutions / minute with a PG2 gear radius of 0.023 m and a speed reduction of 1.75, ie 180 round trips per minute and makes it possible to obtain such a force FI 'd approximately 20 N / m due to the eight-tooth pinion driving a chain CN 1 of fourteen links.

FIG. 5 represents a side view of a SYS3 system according to another embodiment, grouping several implementation alternatives.

The SYS3 system includes two main arms, one of which is shown here. The main arm BP12 comprises, as described in connection with FIG. 4, a source of energy SE2 connected to a cam CM1 at the point El. The edge of the cam CM 1 presses directly on a bearing roller GR3 mounted on the main arm BP12, causing its descent.

The main arm BP12 further comprises, at the points E2, E3, a vertical extension EV3 which surrounds a cam CM2, a plate PT3, and an output axis of rotation AR1, as described with reference to FIG. EV3 includes GR4 bearing rollers that press against the edge of the CM2 cam. The cam CM2 rotates around a rotation shaft AR1 and rotates a plate PT3 mounted on the same shaft. The shaft is connected by a chain CN4 to a plate PT4 which is connected to a power destination GE2.

The SYS3 system further comprises a carriage CH3 on which the lower ends (P3, P4) of the links B1, B2 are mounted. The carriage CH3 comprises ROI wheels held between an upper rail RS1 and a lower rail RI1, the ends of the rails being fixed by supports SCI, SC2. The upper ends of the links B1, B2 are mounted on a part which comprises a rolling roller GR5 which bears against the support SP during the descent of the main arm BP12, preventing the main arm BP12 from moving horizontally.

The carriage CH3 moves horizontally in one direction (depending on the configuration of the links), the ROI wheels are held between the rails RS1, R11 to prevent any pivoting of the carriage CH3. When raising the main arm BP12, the carriage CH3 moves horizontally in the opposite direction.

In addition, a cam-shaped protrusion PR1 is arranged on the point P1, which presses on the lower face of the arm BP12 (or on a roller mounted on the arm, not shown) with the rotation of the link B1 around the PI point to slightly raise the lever arm and rotate around a point of rotation located at point E2.

FIG. 6 represents a side view of a SYS4 system according to another embodiment, grouping together several possibilities of implementation.

The SYS4 system consists of two main arms, one of which is shown here. The lower ends (P3, P4) of the links B1, B2 are mounted on a carriage CH4. The carriage CH4 comprises wheels R02 held between an upper rail RS2 and a lower rail RI2, the ends of the rails being fixed by supports SC3, SC4. The rails RS2, RI2 comprise portions inclined at an angle α (alpha) in the direction of the point El. During the descent of the main arm BP13, the carriage CH4 engages between the inclined portions and the point P3 begins to rise. . The system of the carriage, the rails and the inclination can be designed so that there is only the point P3 which goes up, the point P4 remaining at the same level.

The system SYS4 further comprises a pulley system comprising a pulley PL2 mounted above the main arm BP13, and a pulley PL3 mounted below the main arm BP13, the pulleys being connected by a chain or toothed belt CN5. The pulley PL2 is mounted on a freewheel, and the pulley PL3 is mounted on a bearing, free to rotate about its axis.

The pulley PL2 and a plate PT5 are mounted on a rotation shaft AR1, the plate PT5 being connected by a chain CN6 to a plate PT6, itself connected to a power destination GE3. The CN5 chain is attached to the BP13 main arm at point E3. With the descent of the arm, the chain CN5 drives the pulleys PL2, PL3 and the PT5 plate rotating in a first direction. With the raising of the arm, the pulleys PL2, PL3 are driven in rotation in the opposite direction. A freewheel may be arranged between the pulley PL2 and the rotation shaft AR1, so that rotation in the opposite direction does not cause the shaft AR1 to rotate.

FIG. 7 represents a side view of a SYS5 system according to another embodiment, grouping together several possibilities of implementation.

The SYS5 system consists of two main arms, one of which is shown here. A first frame CD1 is mounted at the point El of the arm and surrounds a first half-toothed wheel RDI. The RDI wheel is mounted on a rotation shaft AR2 rotated by a power source SE3. The frame CD1 includes arranged teeth of

1 to 2 on the one hand and from 3 to 4 on the other hand. The frame teeth on each vertical side engage with the teeth of the RDI wheel alternately. The continuous rotation of the rotation shaft AR2 then moves down and up the main arm, and not just down.

A second frame CD2 is mounted at the point E3 of the arm and surrounds a second half-toothed wheel RD2. Similarly, the frame CD2 includes teeth arranged from 1 to

2 on the one hand and from 3 to 4 on the other hand which engage with the teeth of the wheel RD2 alternately. The wheel RD2 and a plate PT7 are mounted on the rotation shaft AR1. The plate PT7 is connected to a plate PT8 by a chain CN7. The plate PT8 is connected to a power destination GE4. The rotation shaft AR1 is then rotated continuously, both during the descent and the ascent of the main arm, and not simply during the descent. Figs. 8A, 8B show the operating principle of a lever L4 according to another embodiment of the invention, in a first position (Fig. 8A) and in a second position (Fig. 8B).

The lever L4 comprises a lever arm BL4, two links Bl, B2 and two support points ΡΑ, PA2 '. As described in connection with the other embodiments, the arm BL4 has three force application points E1, E2, E3. In addition, the lever arm BL4 comprises a vertical extension EV4 located at the point E3 and perpendicular to the arm BL4. A force application point E3 'is offset from the point E3, preferably aligned vertically with the latter, and located at the end of the extension EV4. This vertical extension EV4 can be an integral part with the lever arm BL4, it can be a bar welded to the point E3, or even the lever arm can have a triangular shape between the points El, Ε3 ', E2. An angle α1 (alpha 1) is formed between the points E1, Ε3 ', E2, an angle βΐ (beta 1) is formed between the points El, Ε3', E3, and an angle β2 (beta 2) is formed between points E3, Ε3 ', E2. In the present case, the points El, Ε3 ', E2 are not aligned, that is to say that the angle α1 is different from 180 °, for example 0 ° <βΚ 90 °, 0 ° <β2 < 90 °, and 0 ° <al <180 °.

The link B1 anchors the point E3 'at the point of support ΡΑ through the points of rotation P1, P3, and the rod B2 anchors the point E2 at the fulcrum PA2' through the points of rotation P2, P4. In addition, the link B1 prevents the lever arm BL4 from pivoting around points P2, P4. The points P1, P2, P3, P4 allow the links B1, B2 to lean together on one side downward with the descent of the arm BL4, as shown in FIG. 8B, and to straighten together upwards with the ascent of the BL4 arm. The points P1 to P4 and the links B1, B2 may form a parallelogram, so that the displacement distances z1, z2, z3 of the points E1, E2, E3 are essentially the same.

The assembly of a system based on the operating principle shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B makes it possible to obtain a greater amplitude of movement, that is to say that the links B1, B2 can perform an angle of rotation greater than 90 °, even up to 360 °, so that the lever arm BL4 can descend even lower, with a distance zl up to twice the length of the rods B1, B2. In addition, the construction of the system would be simplified, since the points PI, P2 may be only simple ball joints, instead of the actual pivots, and the lever arm effect is obtained both downward and upward . Obviously, the principle of operation of the lever L4 can advantageously be implemented in the context of the SYS1 to SYS5 systems described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 7, replacing the operating principle of the lever L3 according to FIG.

FIG. 9 represents the operating principle of a lever L5 according to another embodiment of the invention.

The lever L5 comprises a lever arm BL5, two links Bl, B2 and two support points ΡΑ, PA2 '. As described in connection with the other embodiments, the arm BL5 has three force application points E1, E2, E3. An angle a2 (alpha 2) is formed between the points E1, E3, E2, the points E1, Ε3 ', E2 not being aligned, 90 ° <a2 <180 °.

The lever arms BL4, BL5 can then drive a rotating shaft output (not shown) continuously. The rotation shaft can then be located at the point P3, the link B1 thus functions as a half-shaft DA1, shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively, the rotation shaft can be connected to the lever arm in a way of embodiment shown in relation with FIGS. 3 to 7.

In one embodiment, not shown, a third link (B3) can also be mounted between the points P1, P3, in parallel with the link B1, the points P3 of the links B1, B3 being mounted on the rotation shaft at through freewheels mounted in opposition. The extension EV4 actuates the two links Bl, B3 at the same time, the descent of the links B1, B3 driving the shaft in rotation through a link B1 or B3, and the raising of the links B1, B3 driving the shaft in rotation through the other link B3 or Bl.

In one embodiment, not shown, the points El, E3, E2 of the lever arm are not aligned, the angle formed between them being between 90 ° and 180 °.

In one embodiment, not shown, the ends of a plurality of main arms are connected in series, i.e. the second end (E2 or E3) of a first arm is connected to the first end (E1). a second arm, etc. The force is then multiplied further because the force output of the first main arm is the input force of the second arm, and so on, which would give a considerable power output of the last arm relative to the input force of the first arm. In this case, the distances z1, z3 are preferably substantially equal for all the arms in series.

The force augmentation systems according to the various embodiments of the invention described herein can be used in various applications, for example to increase the pedaling force of a pedaling system (bicycle, tricycle, quadricycle, etc.), to provide electricity for an electric car or for any other means of transport / displacement, wind turbines, power stations, electricity, for a building, etc.

In addition, the power source is not necessarily a motor, but can be the input pedaling by a user on a exercise bike to generate electricity or run a machine, for example.

Similarly, the energy destination is not necessarily a generator, but can be any application that uses the rotation of a tree, such as a bicycle, a boat or airplane propeller, etc.

In one embodiment, not shown, instead of having a cable that connects the two main arms, they are connected by a bar, each end of the bar being connected to a main arm.

In one embodiment, not shown, an alternative to the lever arm BS1 shown in FIG. 4 is to arrange a lever arm so that the counterforce F4 is applied downward on the point P4, in order to lower the lever. fulcrum corresponding to the force F2 '.

In addition, it will be noted that it is not strictly necessary to provide two subsets SSl, SS2 which rise and fall alternately. We could have only one subassembly, with another way to raise the main arm, for example the source of energy SE1, another source of energy, the gravity (if the arm was pulled towards the high by the energy source), etc.

The points PI to P4, P5 to P8 are not necessarily arranged in parallelogram shape but can be arranged trapezoidal, X, rectangle, square, diamond, etc..

Figure 10 shows the operating principle of a lever L6 according to another embodiment of the invention. The lever L6 comprises a lever arm BL6 with the three force application points E1, E2, E3 and two links B1, B2. The link B1 comprises a point PI at its upper end and located in a vacuum of the lever arm BL6 at the point of application E3. The link B2 comprises a point P2 at its upper end and also located in a vacuum of the lever arm BL6 at the point of application E2.

In addition, the link B1 comprises a point P3 at its lower end, fixed on a support SP, bearing point ΡΑ and allowing the link B1 to rotate. The link B2 comprises a point P4 at its lower end, fixed on the support SP, bearing point PA2 'and allowing the rod B2 to rotate. Each link B1, B2 comprises an extension Β, B2 'respectively, which come into contact with each other at a support point PA5. The extension Β can end in the form of U or have a void that receives the stem of the end B2 '. An angle a3 (alpha 3) is formed between the links B1, B2 which form a kind of triangle with the lever arm BL6. The angle a3 varies with the movement of the lever arm, for example between 45 ° and 10 °.

The descent of the arm BL6 presses the points PI, P2 which causes the pivoting of the links B1, B2 around the points P3, P4. The fulcrum PA5 approaches the point P3 in the U and there is a force downward. Similarly, the raising of the arm BL6 raises the points PI, P2 which causes the pivoting of the rods B1, B2 around the points P3, P4. The fulcrum PA5 moves away from the point P3 in U and there is a force upwards. The lever arm BL6 remains substantially parallel during its movement, and a second lever arm can be implemented, as previously described, as well as a power source, an output shaft, and so on.

Accordingly, this embodiment is not limited by the shape of the ends Β, B2 'at least they come into contact with each other causing the pivoting of their respective links. In an alternative, the extensions Β, B2 'can be telescopic in order to have identical lengths during any movement. Finally, the point P3 and the end Β can have an angle differ from 180 ° with respect to each other, and likewise for the point P4 and the end B2 '.

Figure 11 shows the operating principle of a lever L7 according to another embodiment of the invention. The lever L7 comprises a lever arm BL7 with the three force application points E1, E2, E3 and three links B1, B2, B2 ".The link B1 comprises a point P1 at its upper end and situated in a vacuum of lever arm BL7 at the point of application E3 The link B2 comprises a point P2 at its upper end, the point P2 being fixed on the lever arm BL7 at the point of application E2 .The links B1, B2 are grown, and the points of application E2, E3 are brought closer to one another with respect to the other embodiments.

In addition, the link B1 comprises a point P3 at its lower end, fixed on a support SP, bearing point ΡΑ and allowing the link B1 to rotate. The link B2 comprises a point P4 at its lower end, fixed on the support SP, bearing point PA2 and allowing the rod B2 to rotate. The link B1 comprises an extension Β, which comes into contact with the link B2 "(instead of the link B2 comprising an extension B2 ', as illustrated in connection with FIG. 10), link B2 "being fixed to support SP at a point P5 bearing point PA2", contact between end Β and link B2 "forming a fulcrum PA5.

Two return arms BRI, BR2 are coupled at one end to the points P4, P5 respectively of the links B2, B2 ", and at another end to a connecting axis AL by means of the ball joints P6, P7 respectively. is thus shorter, less bulky, lighter, more rigid, and less restrictive for the other parts it leads.

In an alternative, the BRI, BR2 return arms can be replaced by pinions, and the linkage axis AL can be replaced by a chain or a toothed belt to transmit the movement of the point P5 to point P4.

In an alternative, the links B1, B2 do not grow, the points P4, P5 being farther apart from each other and the connecting axis AL being longer. The point P2 is then at the other side of the point P1. In this case, the force application point E1 is on the other side (from left to right points E2, E3, El).

It will be understood that the arrangement of the rods, their fasteners, etc. can be modified. For example, the link B1 can be fixed on the lever arm at a fixed point, the link B2 being fixed on the lever arm in a vacuum, with a link B1 "which comes into contact with the lower end B2 'of the link B2 to form the fulcrum PA5, the BRI deflection arm being fixed to the point of rotation of the link B1 ".

The system would be designed for the desired application, with the appropriate materials and dimensions. For example, there may be parts made of steel, aluminum, plastic, carbon, composite materials, etc. depending on resistance, friction, wear, costs, etc. desired.

Claims

A force augmentation system (SYS1, SYS2, SYS3, SYS4, SYS5) comprising:

at least one first support point (ΡΑ, P3, P7, BT2, BT4) and a second support point (ΡΑ2 ', P4, P8, BT2, BT4);

at least one first lever arm (BP1, BP2, BP11, BP12, BP13, BP14, BL3, BL4, BL5, BL6, BL7) comprising:

an application point (E1) of a driving force (FI ') situated at a first end of the lever arm,

an application point (E2) of the fulcrum situated at the second end of the lever arm, and

an application point (E3) of a resultant force (F3 situated between the two ends of the lever arm;

a source of energy (SE1, SE2, SE3) connected to the application point (El) of the driving force and configured to move the first arm at least from a first position to a second position;

at least one first link (B1) and a second link (B2) which follow the movement of the lever arm;

the first link (B1) comprising a first end (PI) connected to the point of application (E3) of the resulting force and a second end (P3) connected to the first point of support (ΡΑΙ ', P3, P7, BT2 , BT4), and

the second link (B2) comprising a first end (P2) connected to the point of application (E2) of the fulcrum and a second end (P4) connected to the second point of support (ΡΑ2 ', P4, P8, BT2, BT4);

an output rotation shaft (AR1) connected to the first arm and configured to be pivoted about its axis at least during the movement of the first arm from the first position to the second position; and

means (BP2, PLI, CA1) for moving the first arm from the second position to the first position.

The system (SYS1, SYS2, SYS3, SYS4, SYS5) according to claim 1, wherein the means for moving the first main arm from the second position to the first position comprises: a second lever arm (BP2, BP11, BP12, BP13, BP14, BL3, BL4, BL5, BL6) comprising:

a source of energy (SE1, SE2, SE3) connected to the application point (El) of the driving force and configured to move the second arm at least from a first position to a second position;

at least one first link (B3) and a second link (B4) which follow the movement of the lever arm;

the first link (B3) comprising a first end (P5) connected to the point of application (E3) of the resultant force and a second end (P7) connected to the first point of support (ΡΑΙ ', P3, P7, BT2 , BT4), and

- An output rotation shaft (AR1) connected to the second arm and configured to be pivoted about its axis at least during the movement of the second arm from the first position to the second position; and

means (BP1, PLI, GAI) for moving the second arm from the second position to the first position.

3. System (SYS3, SYS4) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the second ends (P3, P4, P7, P8) of the rods (B1, B2, B3, B4) are mounted on a carriage (CH3 , CH4) comprising wheels (ROI, R02) held between an upper rail (RS1, RS2) and a lower rail (RI1, RI2), the carriage being configured to move with the change of position of the arm.

4. System (SYS4) according to claim 3, wherein the upper rail (RS2) and the lower rail (RI2) have an inclined portion which raises and lower at least a portion of the carriage (CH4) during its movement.

5. System (SYS3, SYS4) according to one of claims 3 or 4, wherein the first ends (PI, P2) of the rods (B1, B2) are mounted on a part which comprises a roller bearing (GR5) which presses against the support (SP) with the movement of the main arm (BP12, BP13), preventing the main arm from moving horizontally.

6. System (SYS3) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a link (B1) further comprises a protrusion (PR1) in the form of a cam arranged on its first end (PI) so that the rotation around the first end press the protrusion on the underside of the arm to raise slightly and rotate around a point of rotation (E2).

7. System (SYS2, SYS3) according to one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a lifting arm (BS1, BS2) comprising:

a first end (Gl) connected to the point of application of the driving force (El) of the lever arm,

another end (G2) which comes into contact with the second end (P3) of one of the links (B1), and

- a point of support (PA3, PA4) between the two ends;

moving the main lever arm acting on the lifting arm to apply a counterforce (F4) which acts on the link and consequently on the main lever arm.

8. System (SYS2, SYS3, SYS4) according to one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:

rollers (GR1, GR3) mounted on the point of application (El) of the driving force (FI ') of the lever arm, and

a cam (CM1) comprising an edge which comes into contact with the rollers and is configured to rotate about a rotation shaft (AR2) under the effect of the energy source (SE2);

so that the energy source (SE2) rotates the cam (CM1), which presses against the rollers (GR1, GR3), which move the lever arm (BP11, BP12, BP13) from the first position to the second position.

9. System (SYS2, SYS3) according to one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising:

rollers (GR2, GR4) mounted on the second end (E2, EV1, EV2, EV3) of the lever arm (BP11, BP12), and

a cam (CM2) comprising an edge that comes into contact with the rollers on a bearing and configured to rotate around the output shaft (AR1); so that the movement of the lever arm (BP11, BP12) from the first position to the second position causes the rollers (GR2, GR4) to press against the cam (CM2), which rotates the rotation shaft (AR1) .

10. System (SYS2) according to one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the rollers (GR1, GR2) are mounted on a carriage (CH1, CH2) which slides on a rail (RL1, RL2) on one end. (E1, E2, E3) of the lever arm.

11. System (SYS5) according to one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising:

a half-toothed wheel (RD2) connected to the output rotation shaft (AR1), and

- a frame (CD2) connected to the point of application of the resulting force (E3) of the lever arm, which surrounds the wheel and which comprises teeth on each vertical side, the teeth of the wheel engage with the teeth of the frame one side at a time;

so that the movement of the lever arm between the first position and the second position, and between the second position and the first position alternately rotates the half-toothed wheel and the rotation shaft continuously.

The system (SYS5) according to one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising:

a half-toothed wheel (RDI) connected to the energy source (SE4), and

- a frame (CD1) connected to the point of application of the driving force (El) of the lever arm, which surrounds the wheel and which comprises teeth on each vertical side, the teeth of the wheel engage with the teeth of the frame one side at a time;

so that the rotation of the toothed wheel causes the lever arm to move between the first position and the second position, and between the second position and the first position alternately.

13. System according to one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising a pulley (PL2) mounted above the main arm (BP13) and on the output shaft (AR1), and

- a pulley (PL3) mounted below the main arm (BP13);

the pulleys being connected by a chain or toothed belt (CN5) attached to the arm so that the displacement of the arm causes the pulleys (PL2, PL3) to rotate in a first direction.

14. System (SYS1, SYS2, SYS3, SYS4, SYS5) according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the output rotation shaft (AR1) is connected to a generator (GE1, GE2, GE3, GE4). .

The system (SYS1, SYS2, SYS3, SYS4, SYS5) according to claim 1, wherein the links (B1, B2) comprise extensions (Β, B2 ') which come into contact with each other (PA5 ), causing the pivoting of their respective links.

16. System (SYS1, SYS2, SYS3, SYS4, SYS5) according to one of claims 1 to

15, wherein the length (d 13) of one link (B1, B3) is smaller than the length (d24) of the other link (B2, B4).

17. System (SYS1, SYS2, SYS3, SYS4, SYS5) according to one of claims 1 to

16, wherein the distance (d12) between the first ends (P1, P2, P5, P6) of the links (B1, B2, B3, B4) is smaller than the distance (d34) between the second ends (P3, P4). , P7, P8) links (Bl, B2, B3, B4).

18. System according to one of claims 1 to 17, comprising at least two main lever arms in series, the second end (E2, E3) of the first lever arm being connected to the first end (El) of the second arm of the sink.

19. System (SYS1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the energy source (SEl) is connected to the point of application (El) of the driving force (FI ') of the lever arm (BPl , BP2) by a link (BL1, BL2) which is fixed on a pin (ER1, ER2) integral with a chain (CN 1, CN 2), the chain being mounted around an upper pinion (PG1, PG3) and a lower gear (PG2, PG4), so that the energy source raises and lowers the pin, which pulls on the rod and consequently the lever arm.

20. System (SYS1) according to one of claims 1 or 2, further comprising: - at least one crank (Ml, M2),

at least one half-shaft (DA1, DA2), and

at least one free wheel;

in which the crank comprises one end connected to the point of application (E3) of the resultant force (F3 ') and the other end connected to one end of the half-shaft, the other end of which is fixed around the shaft rotation (AR1) via the freewheel.

21. System according to claim 1, wherein the lever arm (BL4) comprises a vertical extension (EV4) so that the point of application (Ε3 ') of the resulting force is shifted, and the first link (Bl, B3). ) at its end connected to the offset application point (Ε3 ').

22. System according to claim 21, wherein the angle (a1) formed between the point of application (El) of the driving force, the point of application shifts (E3 ⁷ ) of the resultant force which is the vertex of the angle, and the point of application (E2) of the fulcrum is greater than 0 ° and less than 180 °.

23. System according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the angle (a2) formed between the point of application (El) of the driving force, the point of application (Ε3 ') of the resulting force which is the vertex of the angle, and the point of application (E2) of the fulcrum is greater than 90 ° and less than 180 °.

24. The system of claim 1, further comprising motion transmitting means (AL, BRI, BR2) between the fulcrums (PA2, PA2 ").