WO2016150303A1 - 多孔换热器 - Google Patents

多孔换热器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016150303A1
WO2016150303A1 PCT/CN2016/075944 CN2016075944W WO2016150303A1 WO 2016150303 A1 WO2016150303 A1 WO 2016150303A1 CN 2016075944 W CN2016075944 W CN 2016075944W WO 2016150303 A1 WO2016150303 A1 WO 2016150303A1
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Prior art keywords
porous
heat exchange
heat exchanger
fluid
exchange tube
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PCT/CN2016/075944
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邱于正
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邱于正
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Publication of WO2016150303A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016150303A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchange device, in particular to an in-pipe fluid heat exchanger.
  • the fluid heat exchange equipment in the tube usually uses a metal tube (referred to as a heat exchange tube) to separate two mediums of different temperatures, and exchanges heat through the tube wall of the heat exchange tube to achieve heat exchange.
  • a heat exchange tube a metal tube
  • the main methods are as follows:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional fluid temperature heat exchanger in a tube.
  • the container 11 of the existing in-tube fluid temperature heat exchanger is filled with water, and the heating element 13 is mounted on the wall of the container 11 and inserted into the water to exchange heat.
  • the tube 12 passes through the container 11 and is secured to the container 11 to completely isolate the water from the heated fluid.
  • the heating element 13 heats the water, and the water transfers the heat to the surface of the heat exchange tube 12.
  • the heat of the heat exchange tube 12 is transferred to the heated fluid in the tube to raise the temperature thereof, thereby Achieve the purpose of warming up the fluid.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional fluid cooling heat exchanger in a tube.
  • the existing in-tube fluid cooling heat exchanger can pass high temperature fluid through the heat exchange tube 22, and heat is transferred to the container through the surface of the heat exchange tube 22.
  • the low temperature medium 23 in 21 performs heat exchange.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a conventional gas water heater.
  • the heat exchange tube 32 of the existing gas water heater is fixed on the tank 31, and the fire row 33 is disposed under the heat exchange tube 32, and the gas is generated by burning the fire row 33.
  • the high temperature flue gas heats the heat exchange tube 32, and when the low temperature fluid flows through the heat exchange tube 32, it is heated to achieve the purpose of heat exchange.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a conventional rapid water heater.
  • the heating pipe 42 of the existing rapid water heater is fixed on the casing 41 and inserted into the casing.
  • the outer wall of the heating pipe 42 is heated. It is heated as a heat exchange surface to achieve heat exchange.
  • the heat exchange mode of the above heat exchanger can realize the heat exchange of the fluid, all the heat exchange is carried out on the surface of the heat exchange tube, and if the heat transfer is sufficient, it is within the range of effective isolation of the two mediums, by increasing The length (or diameter) of the heat exchange tube is used to increase the heat exchange area.
  • This method of increasing the heat exchange area has the following disadvantages:
  • the effective heat exchange area is only the surface of the heat exchange tube within the effective isolation range of the two mediums, and the heat exchange area is small.
  • the invalid heat exchange area (for example, the outer surface of the container in Figs. 1 and 2, the outer surface of the case in Fig. 3, the outer surface of the case in Fig. 4) is large, and sometimes some of the fluid does not completely.
  • the phenomenon of contact with the heat exchange surface causes a large energy loss.
  • the heat transfer distance between the low temperature object and the high temperature object is long (for example, the distance between the heating tube and the heat exchange tube in Fig. 1 and the distance between the fire row and the heat exchange tube in Fig. 3), resulting in a slow heat exchange rate.
  • the porous heat exchanger of the present invention comprises: a heat exchange tube, a porous body, a fluid inlet end, and a fluid outlet end, wherein
  • the heat exchange tube and the porous body are all made of a solid material (such as a metal) having good thermal conductivity; the porous body is located inside the heat exchange tube, and the porous body separates the internal space of the heat exchange tube.
  • the fluid inlet end and the fluid outlet end, and the porous body is closely connected to the heat exchange tube to ensure effective heat transfer;
  • the porous body is provided with a plurality of holes through which the fluid passes, so that the fluid can flow from the fluid inlet end of the porous heat exchanger, and after passing through the plurality of holes in the porous body, smoothly exit from the fluid outlet end of the porous heat exchanger. Flow out.
  • a rib is arranged on the outer surface of the heat exchange tube to increase the heat exchange area outside the heat exchange tube.
  • the porous body is formed by perforating a solid material (such as a metal) having good thermal conductivity.
  • the porous body is composed of a plurality of layers (such as wire mesh) having good thermal conductivity.
  • the porous body is assembled by stacking a plurality of well plates (such as metal orifice plates) having a plurality of through holes with good thermal conductivity.
  • the porous body is a honeycomb solid through-hole body (for example, a metal honeycomb through-hole body) having good thermal conductivity.
  • the heat exchange tube of the porous heat exchanger has a plurality of independent fluid passages, and is not in communication with each other, the porous body is disposed in each fluid passage, and each of the porous bodies is ensured Heat exchange tube contact Good, efficient heat transfer between fluids at different temperatures.
  • porous body of the porous heat exchanger is provided with one or more of the porous heat exchangers, and the heat exchange tubes of each of the porous heat exchangers separate the entire porous heat exchanger from each other
  • the fluid passages are arranged in the respective fluid passages, and the heat exchange tubes are ensured to be in good contact with each of the corresponding porous bodies, so that efficient heat exchange between fluids of different temperatures can be achieved.
  • the porous heat exchanger adopts a solid material (such as metal) with good thermal conductivity, the conduction heat transfer is more effective than the convective heat transfer of the fluid, and the good thermal conductivity can make the temperature of the surface of the porous heat exchange element and the middle thereof The temperature at each small through hole is very close, and the heat transfer can be performed very well.
  • the internal energy can obtain a larger heat exchange area, which is more conducive to heat exchange.
  • the fluid entering the porous heat exchanger can be decomposed into a plurality of small bundles, and the flow can enter the fine through holes, which can greatly reduce the heat and cold.
  • the heat transfer distance between the sources greatly increases the efficiency of heat exchange, makes the heat exchange more sufficient, and the heat exchanged fluid flows out from the outlet of the porous heat exchanger.
  • the temperature of the low temperature fluid passes through the porous heat exchanger.
  • the temperature of the high temperature fluid is lowered after passing through the porous heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchange tube and the porous body can be heated by electromagnetic induction to achieve rapid heating of the fluid flowing through the porous heat exchanger.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a conventional fluid temperature heat exchanger in a tube
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional fluid cooling heat exchanger in a tube
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a conventional gas water heater
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a conventional rapid water heater
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view of a porous heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a left side view of a porous heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the operation of a high temperature environment outside a porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the operation of a low temperature environment outside a porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the operation using electromagnetic induction heating according to an embodiment of the present invention (main view)
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of the operation using electromagnetic induction heating according to an embodiment of the present invention (left side view)
  • Figure 11 is a front elevational view of a second porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a left side view of a porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a front elevational view of a three-hole heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a left side view of a three-hole heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a front elevational view of a four-hole heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a left side view of a four-hole heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a front elevational view of a five-hole heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a left side view of a five-hole heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a front elevational view of a six-hole heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a left side view of a six-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a front elevational view of a seven-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a left side view of a seven-hole heat exchanger in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of a porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a left side view of a porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the porous exchange of the present invention a heat exchanger comprising: a heat exchange tube 50, a porous body 51, a through hole 52, a fluid inlet end 53, and a fluid outlet end 54, wherein
  • the heat exchange tube 50 is made of a solid material (for example, metal) having good thermal conductivity, and has a tubular shape, and two ends are respectively provided with a fluid inlet end 53 and a fluid outlet end 54 coupled to the fluid inlet and the outlet;
  • the porous body 51 is made of a solid material (for example, metal) having good thermal conductivity, which is located inside the heat exchange tube 50, and partitions the internal space of the heat exchange tube 50 into a fluid inlet end 53 and a fluid outlet end 54, and It is closely connected with the heat exchange tube 50 to ensure effective heat transfer; a plurality of fine through holes 52 are provided in the porous body 51, so that fluid can flow from the fluid inlet end 53 of the porous heat exchanger, and many through the porous body 51 After the fine through holes 52, they smoothly flow out from the fluid outlet end 54 of the porous heat exchanger.
  • a solid material for example, metal
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the operation of a high temperature environment outside a porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the operation of a low temperature environment outside the porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
  • the fluid flows from the fluid inlet end 53 of the heat exchange tube 50, passes through the plurality of fine through holes 52 of the porous body 51, flows out from the fluid outlet end 54 of the heat exchange tube 50, completes heat exchange of the fluid, and converts the low temperature fluid into a high temperature fluid. , or convert high temperature fluids into low temperature fluids.
  • the core of the porous heat exchanger is the middle porous body.
  • the porous body is made of solid material with good thermal conductivity, and is composed of many small through holes. The small holes can be processed into various hole shapes, but the fluid must be ensured smoothly.
  • One end of the porous heat exchanger flows in, and passes through the fine through holes of the porous body, and can smoothly flow out from the other end of the porous heat exchanger.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view (main view) of operation using electromagnetic induction heating according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view (left view) of operation using electromagnetic induction heating according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • the electronic control unit 95 When the heat exchange tube 90 and the porous body 91 of the porous heat exchanger are made of a material that can be heated by electromagnetic induction, the electronic control unit 95 generates an alternating magnetic field by the electromagnetic induction coil 94 disposed outside the heat exchange tube 90, and the heat exchange tube The 90 and the porous body 91 generate an electromagnetic induction current to raise the temperature, and when the fluid passes through the through hole 92 in the porous body 91, the fluid is heated.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • FIG 11 is a front view of a second porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a left side view of a porous heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 11 and 12, an embodiment of the present invention
  • the heat exchange tube 110 and the porous body 111 of the porous heat exchanger are made of a solid material (such as metal) having good thermal conductivity.
  • the porous body 111 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and a plurality of small holes 112 are provided thereon for increasing the porous exchange.
  • the heat exchange area outside the heat exchanger is provided with various shapes of ribs 115 on the outer edge surface of the heat exchange tube 110 to compensate for the reduction of the external heat exchange area caused by shortening the length of the heat exchange tube.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • FIG. 13 is a front view of a three-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 14 is a left side view of a three-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, an embodiment of the present invention
  • the heat exchange tube 130 of the porous heat exchanger is made of a solid material (such as metal) having good thermal conductivity
  • the porous body 131 is formed by a solid-state screen (such as a wire mesh) 132 with good thermal conductivity.
  • the holes 133 are stacked to form the porous body 131, and each of the screens 132 is in good contact with the heat transfer tubes 130 to ensure heat transfer of the heat exchanger.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • FIG 15 is a front view of a four-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 16 is a left side view of a four-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 15 and 16, an embodiment of the present invention 4.
  • the heat exchange tube 150 of the porous heat exchanger is made of a solid material (such as metal) having good thermal conductivity
  • the porous body 151 is composed of a plurality of orifice plates 152 (such as metal) having a plurality of fine through holes.
  • the orifice plate is superposed and assembled, and is installed in the heat exchange tube 150.
  • a plurality of fine through holes 153 are formed in the orifice plate 152, and the perforated orifice plates 152 are superposed to form a porous body 151 having a plurality of fine pores, and the fluid can smoothly pass through the porous body 151, and the porous plates 152 are ensured.
  • the heat exchange tube 150 is in good contact to ensure heat transfer of the heat exchanger.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • Figure 17 is a front view of a five-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 18 is a left side view of a five-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 17 and 18, an embodiment of the present invention
  • the five-hole heat exchanger has a heat-exchange tube 170 made of a solid material (such as a metal) having good thermal conductivity
  • the porous body 171 is made of a solid material having a good thermal conductivity (for example, a metal honeycomb through-hole body), and It is disposed in the heat exchange tube 170 and the two are kept in close contact to ensure good heat transfer.
  • the honeycomb porous body is made of a solid material (such as metal) having good thermal conductivity by a special process, and the porous body 171 has a plurality of small holes 172 in the middle, and the small holes communicate with each other to ensure that the fluid enters from the end of the heat exchange tube 170. After passing through a plurality of honeycomb small holes 172, it can smoothly flow out from the other end of the heat exchange tube 170.
  • the honeycomb porous body 171 is disposed in the heat transfer tube 170, and ensures good contact between the honeycomb porous body 171 and the heat exchange tube 170, and ensures heat transfer of the heat exchanger.
  • Figure 19 is a front view of a six-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 20 is a left side view of a six-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 19 and 20, an embodiment of the present invention
  • Six-hole heat exchanger The metal heat exchange tube 190 and the porous body 191 are made of a solid material (such as metal) having good thermal conductivity. There are two or more independent fluid passages in the metal heat exchange tube 190, and the channels are not connected to each other, and each fluid passage is not connected.
  • the porous body 191 is provided in the inside, and the heat exchange tube 190 is ensured to be in good contact with each of the porous bodies 191, so that efficient heat exchange between fluids of different temperatures can be achieved.
  • FIG 21 is a front view of a seven-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 22 is a left side view of a seven-hole heat exchanger according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 21 and 22, an embodiment of the present invention
  • the seven-hole heat exchanger, the heat exchange tube 210 and the porous body 211 are made of a solid material (such as metal) having good thermal conductivity, and another porous heat exchanger is disposed in the porous body 211, and each porous heat exchanger
  • the heat exchange tube 210 divides the entire porous heat exchanger into mutually non-intersecting fluid passages, and provides a porous body 211 in each fluid passage, and ensures that all the heat exchange tubes 210 are in good contact with each corresponding porous body 211, Efficient heat transfer between fluids at different temperatures is achieved.
  • the heat exchange tube and the porous body are made of a solid material (such as metal) having good thermal conductivity, and a porous body is disposed inside the heat exchange tube, and the porous body is closely connected with the heat exchange tube to ensure effective transmission.
  • Heat; the porous body is provided with a plurality of fine through holes in the middle, which can decompose the fluid entering the porous heat exchanger into a plurality of small bundles, and the flow into the fine through holes can greatly reduce the between the cold and heat sources
  • the heat transfer distance and the limited heat transfer tube length greatly increase the heat exchange area, thereby achieving efficient heat transfer of the fluid.
  • the heat exchange tube or the porous body of the porous heat exchanger is made of a material capable of electromagnetic induction heating
  • the heat exchange tube and the porous body can be heated by electromagnetic induction to achieve rapid heating of the fluid flowing through the porous heat exchanger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

一种多孔换热器，包括，换热管（50，90，110，130，150，170，190，210）、多孔体（51，91，111，131，151，171，191，211）、流体入口端（53）以及流体出口端（54），其中，换热管（50，90，110，130，150，170，190，210）及多孔体（51，91，111，131，151，171，191，211）采用导热性良好的固体材料制作；多孔体（51，91，111，131，151，171，191，211）位于换热管（50，90，110，130，150，170，190，210）内部，将换热管（50，90，110，130，150，170，190，210）内部分隔形成流体入口端（53）和流体出口端（54），且多孔体（51，91，111，131，151，171，191，211）与换热管（50，90，110，130，150，170，190，210）紧密相连，确保有效传热；多孔体（51，91，111，131，151，171，191，211）上设置有多个供流体通过的孔（52，92，112，153，172），使流体能从多孔换热器的流体入口端（53）流入，经多孔体（51，91，111，131，151，171，191，211）上多个孔（52，92，112，153，172）后，顺利从多孔换热器的流体出口端（54）流出。该多孔换热器缩小了冷热源之间的传热距离，并在有限的换热管（50，90，110，130，150，170，190，210）长度内，大幅增加换热面积，实现流体的高效换热。

Description

多孔换热器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种换热装置，尤其涉及一种管内流体换热器。
背景技术
现有的技术中，管内流体换热设备通常采用金属管状物(简称换热管)将两种不同温度的介质分开，通过换热管的管壁进行热量的交换，达到换热目的。主要方式如下：
图1为现有管内流体升温换热器示意图，如图1所示，现有管内流体升温换热器的容器11内装入水，加热元件13装在容器11的壁上，且插入水中，换热管12穿过容器11,并固定在容器11上，将水与被加热流体完全隔离。加热元件13对水进行加热，水将热量传递给换热管12表面，当低温流体通过换热管12时，换热管12的热量传递给管内的被加热流体，使其温度升高，从而实现对流体的升温目的。
图2为现有管内流体降温换热器示意图，如图2所示，现有管内流体降温换热器可使高温流体从换热管22内通过，热量通过换热管22的表面传递给容器21内的低温介质23，进行热交换。
图3为现有燃气热水器示意图，如图3所示，现有燃气热水器的换热管32固定在箱体31上，火排33设置在换热管32下方，燃气经火排33燃烧后产生的高温烟气加热换热管32，当低温流体从换热管32内流过时，被加热，从而达到换热的目的。
图4为现有快速热水器示意图，如图4所示，现有快速热水器的加热管42固定在箱体41上，且插入箱体内，当低温流体从箱体41内流过时，加热管42外壁作为换热表面对其加热，实现热交换。
上述热交换器的换热方式虽能实现流体的热交换，但所有的换热均在换热管的表面进行，要想换热充分，均是在两种介质有效隔离的范围内，通过增加换热管的长度(或直径)，来达到增加换热面积的目的。这种方式增加换热面积主要有如下缺点：
1.有效换热面积仅为两种介质有效隔离范围内的换热管表面，换热面积小 ；而无效热交换面积(例如：图1及图2中容器的外表面、图3中箱体的外表面、图4中箱体的外表面)大，且有时会出现部分流体不会完全与换热面接触的现象(例如：图3中的高温烟气及图4中的低温水)，造成较大的能量损失。
2.热交换时低温物体与高温物体间传输距离远(例如：图1中加热管与换热管的距离、图3中火排与换热管的距离)，造成换热速度慢。
3.由于是通过换热管的外表面换热，热交换是从换热管的外部向内进行，当换热管横截面积较大，或换热管内流体流速较快时，就会造成热交换不充分，甚至严重影响换热效果。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种多孔换热器，提高换热器的效率。
为了达到上述目的，本发明的多孔换热器，包括，换热管、多孔体、流体入口端，以及流体出口端，其中，
所述换热管及所述多孔体均采用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)制作；所述多孔体位于所述换热管内部，所述多孔体将所述换热管内部空间分隔形成所述流体入口端和所述流体出口端，且所述多孔体与所述换热管紧密相连，确保有效传热；
所述多孔体上设置有多个供流体通过的孔，使流体能从多孔换热器的流体入口端流入，经所述多孔体上多个孔后，顺利从多孔换热器的流体出口端流出。
其中，在所述换热管外沿表面设置有筋片，以增加换热管外部换热面积。
其中，所述多孔体采用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)打孔形成。
其中，所述多孔体采用多层导热性良好的丝网(如金属丝网)叠加组成。
其中，所述多孔体由多块具有多个通孔的导热性良好的孔板(如金属孔板)叠加组装而成。
其中，所述多孔体为导热性良好的蜂窝状固体通孔体(如金属蜂窝状通孔体)。
其中，所述多孔换热器的所述换热管具有多个独立的流体通道，且互不相通，每个流体通道内均设置所述多孔体，且确保每个所述多孔体与所述换热管接触 良好，可实现不同温度流体间的高效换热。
其中，所述多孔换热器的所述多孔体内设置另一或多个所述多孔换热器，各所述多孔换热器的所述换热管将整个多孔换热器分隔成互不相通的流体通道，并在各流体通道内设置所述多孔体，且确保各所述换热管与所对应的每个所述多孔体接触良好，可实现不同温度流体间的高效换热。
本发明的多孔换热器与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：
1.由于所述多孔换热器采用了导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)，其传导传热比流体的对流传热更加有效，良好的导热性可使多孔换热元件外表的温度与其中间各细小通孔处的温度十分接近，可很好的进行热量传递，并通过在多孔换热器中间设置很多细小的通孔，使沿管内流体的流动方向，在换热管有限的换热长度内能获得更大的换热面积，更加有利于换热。
2.通过在多孔换热器中间设置很多细小的通孔，可将进入多孔换热器的流体分解成很多束细小的流束，且流束进入细小的通孔后，可极大地缩小冷热源之间的传热距离，大幅提高热交换的效率，使热交换更加充分，且换热后的流体从多孔换热器的出口流出。
当多孔换热器外部环境温度为高温时，低温流体经多孔换热器后，温度升高。而当多孔换热器外部环境温度为低温时，高温流体经多孔换热器后，温度降低。
当多孔换热器采用可电磁感应加热的材料制作时，可通过电磁感应加热换热管和多孔体，实现对流经多孔换热器的流体的快速加热。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，并与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1为现有管内流体升温换热器示意图；
图2为现有管内流体降温换热器示意图；
图3为现有燃气热水器示意图；
图4为现有快速热水器示意图；
图5为根据本发明的实施例一多孔换热器主视图；
图6为根据本发明的实施例一多孔换热器左视图；
图7为根据本发明的实施例一多孔换热器外部高温环境工作示意图；
图8为根据本发明的实施例一多孔换热器外部低温环境工作示意图；
图9为根据本发明的实施例采用电磁感应加热的工作示意图(主视图)
图10为根据本发明的实施例采用电磁感应加热的工作示意图(左视图)
图11为根据本发明的实施例二多孔换热器主视图；
图12为根据本发明的实施例二多孔换热器左视图；
图13为根据本发明的实施例三多孔换热器主视图；
图14为根据本发明的实施例三多孔换热器左视图；
图15为根据本发明的实施例四多孔换热器主视图；
图16为根据本发明的实施例四多孔换热器左视图；
图17为根据本发明的实施例五多孔换热器主视图；
图18为根据本发明的实施例五多孔换热器左视图；
图19为根据本发明的实施例六多孔换热器主视图；
图20为根据本发明的实施例六多孔换热器左视图；
图21为根据本发明的实施例七多孔换热器主视图；
图22为根据本发明的实施例七多孔换热器左视图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例一：
图5为根据本发明的实施例一多孔换热器主视图，图6为根据本发明的实施例一多孔换热器左视图，如图5和图6所示，本发明的多孔换热器，包括，换热管50、多孔体51、通孔52、流体入口端53，以及流体出口端54，其中，
换热管50，由导热性良好的固体材料(例如：金属)加工而成，外形为管状，其两端分别设置有与流体进口和出口相联接的流体入口端53和流体出口端54；
多孔体51，采用导热性良好的固体材料(例如：金属)制作而成，其位于换热管50的内部，并将换热管50内部空间分隔为流体入口端53和流体出口端54，且与换热管50紧密相连，以确保有效传热；在多孔体51上设置有多个细小的通孔52，使流体能从多孔换热器的流体入口端53流入，经多孔体51上众多细小的通孔52后，顺利从多孔换热器的流体出口端54流出。
图7为根据本发明的实施例一多孔换热器外部高温环境工作示意图，图8为根据本发明的实施例一多孔换热器外部低温环境工作示意图，如图7和图8所示，流体从换热管50流体入口端53流入，经多孔体51的多个细小通孔52后，从换热管50流体出口端54流出，完成流体的热交换，将低温流体转换成高温流体，或将高温流体转换为低温流体。
多孔换热器的核心是中间的多孔体，多孔体采用导热性良好的固体材料制作，且由很多细小的通孔组成，小孔加工成各种孔形均可，但须确保流体能顺利从多孔换热器的一端流入，经多孔体各细小的通孔后，能顺利从多孔换热器的另一端流出。
图9为根据本发明的实施例采用电磁感应加热的工作示意图(主视图),图10为根据本发明的实施例采用电磁感应加热的工作示意图(左视图),如图9和图10所示，当多孔换热器的换热管90和多孔体91采用可被电磁感应加热的材料制作时，电控装置95使换热管90外部设置的电磁感应线圈94产生交变磁场，换热管90和多孔体91会产生电磁感应电流而升温，当流体通过多孔体91上的通孔92时，流体被加热。
实施例二：
图11为根据本发明的实施例二多孔换热器主视图，图12为根据本发明的实施例二多孔换热器左视图，如图11和图12所示，本发明的实施例二，多孔换热器的换热管110及多孔体111采用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)制作，多孔体111与实施例一相同，其上设置有很多小孔112，为了增加多孔换热器外部的换热面积，在换热管110的外沿表面上设置有各种不同形状的筋片115，以弥补因缩短换热管长度造成的外部换热面积的减少。
实施例三：
图13为根据本发明的实施例三多孔换热器主视图，图14为根据本发明的实施例三多孔换热器左视图，如图13和图14所示，本发明的实施例三，多孔换热器的换热管130采用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)制作，而多孔体131则采用导热性良好的固态丝网(如金属丝网)132交叉组成很多细小的通孔133，叠加形成多孔体131，各丝网132与换热管130有良好接触，确保换热器传热性。
实施例四：
图15为根据本发明的实施例四多孔换热器主视图，图16为根据本发明的实施例四多孔换热器左视图，如图15和图16所示，本发明的实施例四，多孔换热器的换热管150采用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)制作，其多孔体151，则由多块具有多个细小通孔的导热性良好的孔板152(如金属孔板)叠加组装而成，并安装在换热管150内。
在孔板152上打很多细小的通孔153，再将打孔后的孔板152叠加，组成具有很多细小孔洞的多孔体151，且流体能顺利通过多孔体151，并确保各多孔板152与换热管150接触良好，确保换热器传热性。
实施例五：
图17为根据本发明的实施例五多孔换热器主视图，图18为根据本发明的实施例五多孔换热器左视图，如图17和图18所示，本发明的实施例五多孔换热器，其换热管170采用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)制作，多孔体171则采用导热性良好的固体材料制成蜂窝状(如金属蜂窝通孔体)，并设置在换热管170内，且两者保持紧密接触，以确保传热良好。
采用特种工艺，用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)制成蜂窝状多孔体，该多孔体171中间具有很多小空洞172，且各小空洞相通，确保流体从换热管170一端进入后，经众多蜂窝状小空洞172后，能顺利从换热管170另一端流出。蜂窝状多孔体171设置在换热管170内，并确保蜂窝状多孔体171与换热管170的接触良好，确保换热器传热性。
实施例六：
图19为根据本发明的实施例六多孔换热器主视图，图20为根据本发明的实施例六多孔换热器左视图，如图19和图20所示，本发明的实施例六多孔换热器，其 金属换热管190及多孔体191采用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)制作，在金属换热管190内有两个或多个独立的流体通道，各通道互不相通，每个流体通道内均设置多孔体191，且确保换热管190与每个多孔体191接触良好，可实现不同温度流体间的高效换热。
图21为根据本发明的实施例七多孔换热器主视图，图22为根据本发明的实施例七多孔换热器左视图，如图21和图22所示，本发明的实施例七多孔换热器，其换热管210及多孔体211采用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)制作，在多孔体211内设置另一或多个多孔换热器，各多孔换热器的换热管210将整个多孔换热器分隔成互不相通的流体通道，并在各流体通道内设置多孔体211，且确保所有换热管210与所对应的每个多孔体211接触良好，可实现不同温度流体间的高效换热。
本发明的多孔换热器，其换热管和多孔体采用导热性良好的固体材料(如金属)制作，在换热管内部设置有多孔体，多孔体与换热管紧密相连，确保有效传热；多孔体通过中间设置很多细小的通孔，可将进入多孔换热器的流体分解成很多束细小的流束，且流束进入细小的通孔后，可极大地缩小冷热源之间的传热距离，并在有限的换热管长度内，大幅增加换热面积，从而实现流体的高效换热。
另外，当多孔换热器的换热管或多孔体采用可电磁感应加热的材料制作时，还可通过电磁感应加热换热管和多孔体，实现对流经多孔换热器的流体的快速加热。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种多孔换热器，包括，换热管、多孔体、流体入口端，以及流体出口端，其特征在于，
    所述换热管及所述多孔体均采用固体导热材料制作；所述多孔体位于所述换热管内部，所述多孔体将所述换热管内部空间分隔形成所述流体入口端和所述流体出口端，且所述多孔体与所述换热管紧密相连，确保有效传热；
    所述多孔体上设置有多个供流体通过的孔，使流体能从所述多孔换热器的流体入口端流入，经所述多孔体上多个孔后，顺利从所述多孔换热器的流体出口端流出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔换热器，其特征在于，在所述换热管外沿表面设置有筋片，以增加换热管外部换热面积。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔换热器，其特征在于，所述多孔体采用固体导热材料打孔形成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔换热器，其特征在于，所述多孔体采用丝网叠加组成。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔换热器，其特征在于，所述多孔体由多块具有多个通孔的孔板叠加组装而成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔换热器，其特征在于，所述多孔体为具有导热性的蜂窝状固体通孔体。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔换热器，其特征在于，所述多孔换热器的所述换热管内具有多个独立的流体通道，且各通道互不相通，每个流体通道内设置所述多孔体，且确保每个所述多孔体与所述换热管接触良好，可实现不同温度流体间的高效换热。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔换热器，其特征在于，所述多孔体内设置有一个 或多个多孔换热器，每一个所述多孔换热器的所述换热管将多孔换热器分隔成互不相通的流体通道，并在各流体通道内设置所述多孔体，实现不同温度流体间的高效换热。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的多孔换热器，其特征在于，所述多孔换热器采用可电磁感应加热的材料制作，并在所述多孔换热器的所述换热管外部设置电磁感应线圈，通过电磁感应加热所述换热管和所述多孔体，从而实现对流经所述多孔换热器的流体的快速加热。
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