WO2016138642A1 - 表面太阳能系统 - Google Patents

表面太阳能系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016138642A1
WO2016138642A1 PCT/CN2015/073626 CN2015073626W WO2016138642A1 WO 2016138642 A1 WO2016138642 A1 WO 2016138642A1 CN 2015073626 W CN2015073626 W CN 2015073626W WO 2016138642 A1 WO2016138642 A1 WO 2016138642A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concentrating
lens
solar energy
base
energy system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/073626
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡笑平
Original Assignee
博立多媒体控股有限公司
胡笑平
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 博立多媒体控股有限公司, 胡笑平 filed Critical 博立多媒体控股有限公司
Priority to US15/555,074 priority Critical patent/US20180040756A1/en
Priority to AU2015385320A priority patent/AU2015385320B2/en
Priority to EP15883699.9A priority patent/EP3267125A4/en
Priority to CA2978359A priority patent/CA2978359C/en
Priority to JP2017546655A priority patent/JP2018512833A/ja
Priority to CN201580076738.9A priority patent/CN107429944A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/073626 priority patent/WO2016138642A1/zh
Publication of WO2016138642A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016138642A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/10Cleaning arrangements
    • H02S40/12Means for removing snow
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20Optical components
    • H02S40/22Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52PV systems with concentrators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of clean energy technologies, and in particular to a surface solar energy system utilizing solar energy.
  • solar systems With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, solar systems have become more widely used. Commonly used are solar systems installed on the roof or on the road surface, such as solar water heating systems for photothermal conversion and solar power generation systems for photoelectric conversion.
  • energy conversion devices such as solar vacuum tubes (Solar vacuum) Tube) or photovoltaic panel (Photovoltaic Panel), etc.
  • solar vacuum tubes Small vacuum
  • photovoltaic Panel Photovoltaic Panel
  • a concentrating solar system In order to improve the ability to collect solar energy, a concentrating solar system has been developed, such as the method for assembling a concentrator photovoltaic solar cell array disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. CN101640502A, which focuses sunlight on a lens. On photovoltaic panels, a smaller area of photovoltaic panels is able to obtain sunlight from a larger area of the lens.
  • a surface solar system comprising a concentrating cover plate, a photovoltaic panel and a supporting member; wherein the concentrating cover plate is formed by arranging two or more concentrating modules according to a preset pattern; each concentrating module comprises a concentrating a light lens and a base for supporting the condensing lens, the concentrating lens includes at least one tooth surface, and one of the condensing lens and the surface adjacent to the base is a reflecting surface, and the reflecting surface is disposed along a direction in which the sunlight is incident.
  • the photovoltaic panel has at least one photosensitive surface capable of absorbing sunlight, which is disposed toward the concentrating cover plate; the support member is used for supporting the photovoltaic plate above the concentrating cover plate and substantially at the focus of the concentrating cover plate position.
  • the surface solar energy system uses a plurality of reflective concentrating modules to be spliced into a concentrating and covering plate, so that the solar energy system is easy to install in a large area; the reflecting surface is located inside the concentrating module, is not easily damaged, and has better durability; The board is supported above the concentrating panel, which is not only difficult to damage, but also easy to install, maintain and update. Since the cost of the concentrating panel is much lower than the cost of the photovoltaic panel, the invention uses a large-area low-cost concentrating panel to increase the concentrating area, so that the area of the high-cost photovoltaic panel can be reduced, and the solar energy is not only improved. The utilization efficiency also greatly reduces the cost of the solar system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a plurality of Fresnel units on a concentrating cover plate of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a Fresnel type reflecting lens in the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of several examples of a concentrating module in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the basic structure of a surface solar system according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a surface solar energy system of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a surface solar energy system of Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a surface solar system of Embodiment 3.
  • Fresnel lenses are used in the surface solar system according to the present invention, and for ease of understanding, the related concepts will be described below.
  • a Fresnel lens is a thin lens. By dividing the original original surface of the ordinary lens into several segments, the Fresnel lens is formed by placing each segment surface on the same plane or the same substantially smooth surface after reducing the thickness of each segment. Such a discontinuous refractive surface evolved from the original surface may be referred to as a Fresnel refractive surface, generally in the form of a step or a tooth. Theoretically, the Fresnel refractive surface has similar optical properties compared to the corresponding original curved surface, but the thickness is greatly reduced.
  • a Fresnel refraction surface generated from an original surface (or part of the original surface) can be called a Fresnel unit.
  • the original original surface used to generate the Fresnel refractive surface is generally a curved surface that is symmetrical about the optical axis, such as a spherical surface, a rotating paraboloid, and the like.
  • the focus of a traditional original surface is at a point and, therefore, can be referred to as a "co-point face.”
  • the original curved surface can be any form of coaxial surface, which can be specifically set according to the needs of the application.
  • the so-called coaxial plane refers to a surface whose focal points are on the same straight line (not necessarily at the same point), and the straight line can be called "coaxial".
  • the traditional common point surface can be regarded as a special case when the coaxial axis of the coaxial plane degenerates into one point.
  • the sensing element for setting the focus position can be expanded from a small area (corresponding to the focus) to a long strip (corresponding to a common axis composed of the focus), thereby Improves signal collection and helps solve local overheating problems without significantly increasing costs.
  • Typical coaxial surfaces include rotating surfaces (including secondary or higher-order rotating surfaces), cylinders, cones, and so on.
  • the cylindrical surface can also be called an equal-section coaxial surface, and the curved surface is cut at any point along the vertical direction of the common axis, and the obtained cross-section has the same shape and size, and the cylindrical surface is a cylindrical one.
  • the cross-section of the tapered surface along the common axis has a similar shape but a different size, and the conical surface is a special case of the tapered surface.
  • a macroscopic refractive surface composed of one or more Fresnel cells may be referred to as a tooth surface, and a substantially smooth or flat surface opposite thereto may be referred to as a back surface.
  • a tooth surface containing only one Fresnel unit may be referred to as a "simple Fresnel refractive surface", and a tooth surface containing two or more Fresnel elements may be referred to as a "composite Fresnel refractive surface”.
  • each Fresnel unit on the composite Fresnel refractive surface can be flexibly arranged. , can be identical, partially identical, or completely different.
  • each Fresnel element on the composite Fresnel refractive surface has its own optical center, but the focus falls on the same point, or a straight line, or a limited area. This can be achieved by spatially arranging each Fresnel cell constituting the composite Fresnel refractive surface.
  • Figure 1 shows the arrangement of Fresnel cells in several typical composite Fresnel refractive surfaces, wherein Figure 1(a) is a circularly symmetric arrangement, formed as a concentric pattern, and Figure 1(b) is a row and column. The arrangement of the formula is formed into a square pattern, and FIG. 1(c) is a honeycomb arrangement, which is formed into a honeycomb pattern.
  • these Fresnel elements are arranged on a macroscopic surface, such as planes, quadrics (including spherical surfaces, ellipsoids, cylindrical surfaces, parabolic cylinders, hyperbolic cylinders), high-order polynomial surfaces (usually aspherical Implementation method), and a folding surface formed by a plurality of planes, a terrace surface, and the like.
  • a macroscopic surface such as planes, quadrics (including spherical surfaces, ellipsoids, cylindrical surfaces, parabolic cylinders, hyperbolic cylinders), high-order polynomial surfaces (usually aspherical Implementation method), and a folding surface formed by a plurality of planes, a terrace surface, and the like.
  • a Fresnel lens having a tooth surface and a back surface may be referred to as a "single-sided Fresnel lens".
  • the lens is “single-sided simple Fresnel” "Lens lens”
  • the tooth surface is “composite Fresnel refractive surface”
  • the lens is "single-sided composite Fresnel lens”.
  • Fresnel lenses with tooth flanks on both sides can be called “double-sided Fresnel lenses”, and can be further divided into “double-sided simple Fresnel lenses” and “double-sided composite Fresnel lenses” according to the type of tooth flanks. lens". If one tooth surface of the double-sided Fresnel lens is a simple Fresnel refractive surface and the other tooth surface is a composite Fresnel refractive surface, it may be referred to as a "double-sided mixed Fresnel lens".
  • the tooth flanks may be replaced by a conventional convex lens surface or a concave lens surface.
  • each concentrating module includes a tooth surface and a reflecting surface, and the spliced slab is formed.
  • the entire tooth surface may be a "composite Fresnel refractive surface", and each of the concentrating modules includes a part thereof.
  • each concentrating module includes a simple Fresnel unit generated from a single original curved surface, which reduces the difficulty in fabricating the concentrating module and facilitates large-area installation.
  • the concentrating module may comprise a composite Fresnel refractive surface and then spliced into a larger area of the flank.
  • the concentrating module includes only one Fresnel unit, and the Fresnel unit is from a part of a single original curved surface, and the plurality of concentrating modules are spliced to obtain a flank corresponding to the complete original curved surface.
  • the pattern of the entire tooth surface of the concentrating cover, the shape of the macroscopic curved surface, and the manner of dividing the concentrating module can be designed according to desired optical parameters, for example, according to a desired focal length, coverage area, and the like.
  • the reflecting surface in the concentrating module may be a plane reflecting surface or a curved reflecting surface, for example, a concave surface or a convex reflecting surface, or may be a reflecting surface of a tooth surface shape, and the reflecting surface is disposed below the tooth surface in a direction in which the sunlight is incident.
  • the combination of the tooth surface and the reflecting surface can be equivalently regarded as a Fresnel type reflecting lens (referred to as a lens having a reflective coating on one side of the reflecting lens), with reference to FIG. In Fig.
  • the element L1 has a reflecting surface s3 and a Fresnel refractive surface s4, and the light is refracted from the refractive surface into the lens and then reflected by the reflecting surface, and is again refracted through the refractive surface. Due to the reflection, the incident light path passes through the physical refractive interface s4 twice, and the physical interface is actually equivalent to the two tooth faces, so that by providing the reflecting surface, the convergence effect of the system can be advantageously enhanced.
  • the concentrating module may include two parts, a concentrating lens and a base supporting the concentrating lens.
  • the concentrating lens includes at least one tooth surface, and one of the condensing lens and the surface adjacent to the base is a reflecting surface.
  • the reflecting surface and the tooth surface can be disposed on the same component, for example, by plating a reflective film on the back surface of the Fresnel lens; the reflecting surface and the tooth surface can also be respectively disposed on different components, for example, in the base toward the collecting light.
  • a reflector or a reflective film is placed on the surface of the lens.
  • a simple concentrating module includes a collecting lens L31 and a base B31.
  • the condensing lens has two condensing refractive surfaces, a convex surface 31a (as a back surface) and a tooth surface 31b.
  • the upper surface 31c of the base has a reflective coating to serve as a reflective surface.
  • the concentrating lens teeth are placed directly on the reflective coating of the base face down, and there is a gap x1 between the concentrating lens and the base.
  • the concentrating module of this example has a simple structure and can be realized at a low cost; the concentrating lens teeth face down can effectively protect the tooth surface, avoid accumulation of dust, and maintain its optical performance; the concentrating lens has two condensing refractive surfaces, which have better The concentrating effect can reduce the overall focal length of the system.
  • the concentrating module of this example is not suitable for pressure, and is suitable for mounting on a roof or the like.
  • the concentrating lens may also adopt a manner in which the teeth face upward and the back surface abuts against the upper surface of the base, and the reflecting surface may be disposed on the back surface of the concentrating lens or the upper surface of the base, as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a filling type concentrating module includes a collecting lens L32 and a base B32.
  • the collecting lens has two refractive faces, a concave surface 32a (as a back surface) and a tooth surface 32b.
  • the upper surface 32c of the base has a reflective coating to serve as a reflective surface.
  • the concentrating lens teeth face down but are not in contact with the base, and the concentrating lens and the base have a large gap x2 filled with a transparent filler such as a compressed gas or a transparent liquid such as water.
  • the concentrating module of this example has good pressure resistance and durability and can be used for ground laying, such as sidewalks, stadium auditoriums, balcony floors, etc.; the concave surface of the upper surface of the concentrating lens may be originally designed as a concave surface, or may be The concave surface formed by bending after long-term pressure, but the tooth surface and the mirror surface are protected inside the module, so it is not easy to be damaged under pressure.
  • another filling type concentrating module includes a collecting lens L33 and a base B33.
  • This example is similar to FIG. 3(b) except that the back surface 33a of the collecting lens is a flat surface, only the tooth surface 33b has a collecting and refracting surface, and the upper surface 33c (reflecting surface) of the base is a sloped surface, which is not compatible with the concentrating module.
  • the outer surfaces are parallel.
  • This module can be used to splicing on the ground away from the center of the system, with a tilted reflective surface to improve the system's ability to focus.
  • another filling type concentrating module includes a collecting lens L34 and a base B34.
  • This example is similar to FIG. 3(c) except that the upper surface 34c (reflecting surface) of the base is a concave surface.
  • Such a module can have enhanced focusing capabilities, resulting in a reduced focal length.
  • This example has a greater advantage in compression resistance and durability than the structure of FIG. 3(a) which enhances the concentrating effect.
  • a complementary concentrating module includes a collecting lens L35 and a base B35.
  • the back surface 35a of the condensing lens is a flat surface, and the flank surface 35b is complementary in shape to the upper surface 35c of the base, and one of the two is plated with a reflective film to serve as a reflecting surface. Since the concentrating lens is closely attached to the base, the concentrating lens can be made of a relatively hard light-transmitting material, and the base can be made of a soft plastic material.
  • the concentrating module of this example can withstand high pressure without deformation and is suitable for road surfaces such as urban roads or highways.
  • the concentrating lens since the concentrating lens needs to maintain the stability of the optical parameters, it can also be preferably pressed by a hard transparent material, and the base mainly serves as a support and a pressure bearing, and can also be preferably used.
  • the elastic material is pressed, for example, a soft rubber or plastic.
  • the reflective surface in the concentrating module can be made of a conductive material, for example, a metal plating film, and a conductive interface electrically connected to the reflective surface is disposed around the concentrating module, and the concentrating modules are spliced together.
  • the conductive interfaces are connected in series or in parallel and externally connected to the external grid by, for example, a bidirectional AC inverter.
  • the solar system may further include a temperature controller for initiating power supply to the concentrating module to heat the ambient temperature when the ambient temperature is lower than the preset temperature.
  • the conductive interface 35d and the conductive plug 35e for connecting the conductive interface between the modules are exemplarily depicted in FIG.
  • the above-mentioned conductive connection structure can also be used for the concentrating module of other structures. It should be noted that when the conductive connection structure is applied to the filling type concentrating module, attention should be paid to the sealing of the filler to avoid leakage.
  • the reverse power supply to the concentrating module by the temperature controller can heat the glazing panel (such as the roof or the road surface) in cold weather, so that the concentrating panel has certain anti-ice and snow resistance. Ability, more suitable for use in cold areas.
  • the surface of the concentrating module when applied to the ground or road laying, preferably has an anti-slip structure.
  • a bump or a non-slip pattern is provided on the surface of the concentrating module (usually the back side of the concentrating lens), and instead of or at the same time, a non-slip material such as rubber is provided at the splicing portion between the modules, and the height of the non-slip material is slightly Highlights the surface of the concentrating module.
  • the basic structure of the surface solar system according to the present invention can be referred to FIG. 4, including a concentrating cover p1, a photovoltaic panel p2, and a support member p3.
  • the concentrating panel can be formed by splicing various types of concentrating modules according to the needs of the actual application scenario (for example, pressure resistance, low temperature adaptability, etc.), including but not limited to the concentrating modules listed above.
  • the concentrating module can be regarded as a "solar brick" comprising two parts of a lens and a base. The bricks are laid in a certain pattern to form a large-area concentrating slab, and the sunlight irradiated thereon is reflected. Spotlight.
  • the photovoltaic panel has at least one photosensitive surface s5 capable of absorbing sunlight, which is disposed toward the concentrating cover.
  • the support member is used to support the photovoltaic panel above the concentrating panel.
  • the photovoltaic panel may be disposed on the path of the focused light, preferably, substantially at a focus position of the concentrating cover, which is integrated by the flank and the reflective surface of the concentrating module spliced into the concentrating cover definite.
  • the focus position is a small area of a disk or strip, and the photovoltaic panel is located near the area to receive sunlight that has been concentrated and increased in energy density.
  • the photovoltaic panel p2 can adopt a double-sided photovoltaic panel for absorbing incident sunlight from both the front s5 and the reverse s6.
  • a simple method is to back up the two single-sided photovoltaic panels.
  • Stacking to obtain double-sided photovoltaic panels of course, it is also possible to directly fabricate photovoltaic devices with double-sided light absorption capability.
  • the use of double-sided photovoltaic panels allows the front side of the photovoltaic panel to absorb sunlight concentrated by the convergence system, and on the other hand the reverse side can also absorb sunlight that is directly illuminated (or concentrated via other collecting lenses), which makes the same in the same Under the space size, the ability of photovoltaic panels to absorb and utilize solar energy has been effectively improved.
  • FIG. 5 One embodiment of a surface solar system in accordance with the present invention can be seen in FIG. 5, including a concentrating cover 110, a double sided photovoltaic panel 112, and a support member 113.
  • the concentrating cover plate is spliced by the concentrating module 111 in accordance with the pattern shown in FIG. 1(a).
  • the concentrating module can adopt any of the structures in FIG.
  • the double-sided photovoltaic panel is supported by the support member above the center of the concentrating panel.
  • the top concentrating lens 114 is further disposed in the embodiment, and is disposed above the double-sided photovoltaic panel in the direction in which the sunlight is incident.
  • the top concentrating lens preferably employs a simple Fresnel lens or a composite Fresnel lens.
  • the concentrating panel of the surface solar system of the present embodiment can be laid on various grounds, such as a courtyard, a building roof, an idle floor of a parking lot, a ground under a utility pole or a streetlight pole, and other grounds in any free area.
  • the surface solar energy system of the present embodiment is used as a home solar power station, or applied to a solar power generation system such as a parking lot, a highway rest station, etc., to provide a large amount of clean energy.
  • the support member can be arranged in conjunction with the construction area, for example, an existing utility pole or a street light pole can be used as the support member.
  • the additional components listed below are also included in the embodiment. In other embodiments, only one or several of the additional components may be selectively included according to the needs of the application. .
  • the energy storage 115 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel 112 for storing electrical energy.
  • the energy storage can be selected from the group consisting of a super capacitor, a rechargeable battery, and an air compressor;
  • the AC inverter 116 is electrically coupled to the energy storage (in other embodiments, may also be directly coupled to the photovoltaic panel) for connecting its power output to the networked switchgear cabinet 117.
  • the networked switchgear is connected to the external AC grid 118 so that the electrical energy generated by the solar system can be incorporated into the external power grid; the AC inverter can also be externally connected to the AC patch panel 119 to provide an AC output directly to the user;
  • the DC voltage output device 120 is electrically connected to the energy storage device (in other embodiments, it can also be directly connected to the photovoltaic panel) for outputting a DC voltage for the user to use, and the DC voltage output by the output device can include, for example, 12V. 9V, 5V, 3V, 1.5V, etc.;
  • the status indicator 121 is configured to detect and display operating parameters of the system, and the operating parameters may be voltage, current, power, temperature, etc., so that the user can grasp the operating condition of the solar energy system; and can be set by corresponding to the required parameter type. Detect the device to obtain these parameters, such as temperature probes.
  • FIG. 6 Another embodiment of the surface solar system according to the present invention can be referred to FIG. 6, including a concentrating cover 210, a photovoltaic panel 212, and a support member 213.
  • the concentrating panel of the surface solar system of the present embodiment is laid on the window sill of the building or on the balcony floor (the concentrating module can adopt various suitable structures, and will not be described again), and the wall of the building serves as a supporting component, and the photovoltaic panel is disposed at Corner and under the eaves.
  • the sunlight passes through the railings of the balcony or the transparent partitions on the balcony floor, and is concentrated by the photovoltaic panels after being concentrated by the concentrating panels.
  • the system arrangement of this embodiment not only takes up space but also ensures the safety of the facility.
  • the water heater 222 is further disposed in the embodiment, and the photovoltaic panel 212 is wrapped as a heat source by the water heater in a heat conduction manner, for example, by heat conduction with the water heater for heat exchange, so that the heat generated by the photovoltaic panel is generated. It can be fully utilized.
  • the peripheral components of the solar system of this embodiment reference may be made to the foregoing embodiments, and details are not described herein.
  • FIG. 7 Another embodiment of the surface solar energy system according to the present invention can be referred to FIG. 7, including a concentrating cover plate 310, a double-sided photovoltaic panel 312, and a support member 313.
  • the double-sided photovoltaic panel is separated from the support member to draw.
  • the double-sided photovoltaic panel is supported on the top of the support member, and the support member may be a building member such as a bracket or a pillar.
  • a top condenser lens (not shown) can be further mounted over the double-sided photovoltaic panel.
  • the concentrating cover plate of the surface solar system of the present embodiment is laid on the auditorium of the stadium, and the concentrating module can adopt the structure shown in FIGS. 4(b) to (e). Since the laying area is large, the pattern shown in Fig. 1 (b) or (c) can be selected.
  • the system arrangement of this embodiment is also suitable for laying other large-area solar energy systems, for example, a large-area solar system that can be used for laying emergency lanes on the road, water surface (artificial island), etc.
  • the overall shape of the concentrating and surfacing panels can be along with the laying site. The change is varied. When used in an application scenario requiring a large load capacity, the concentrating module shown in FIG. 4(e) can be preferably used.
  • the temperature controller 323 may be included in the system, so that the solar system of the embodiment has certain anti-snow and anti-ice capabilities.
  • the energy storage device 315, the AC inverter 316, the network switch cabinet 317, the external AC power grid 318 AC power distribution board 319, and the status indicator 321 can refer to Embodiment 1, no longer. Narration.
  • the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention. It is understood that the above embodiments are only used to help the understanding of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Variations to the above-described embodiments may be made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. For example, if the reflecting surface in the above embodiment is disposed on a roof, a ground, a road surface, a water surface, or a window, the corresponding solar energy system becomes a solar roof, a ground/road solar system, a solar artificial island, and a solar window.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种表面太阳能系统,包括聚光覆板(p1),光伏板(p2)和支撑部件(p3);其中,聚光覆板由聚光模块按照预设图案拼接而成;每个聚光模块包括聚光透镜和底座,聚光透镜包括至少一个齿面,聚光透镜和底座相邻近的面中的一者为反射面,该反射面沿太阳光入射的方向设置于齿面的下方;支撑部件将光伏板支撑在聚光覆板的上方且基本位于聚光覆板的聚焦位置。由于使用多个反射式聚光模块拼接成聚光覆板,使得该太阳能系统易于大面积安装,且反射面位于聚光模块内部,不易损坏,具有更好地耐久性。

Description

表面太阳能系统 技术领域
本发明涉及清洁能源技术领域,具体涉及一种对太阳能进行利用的表面太阳能系统。
背景技术
随着对环境保护的日益重视,太阳能系统得到了越来越广泛的应用。目前常见的是安装在屋顶上或路面上的太阳能系统,例如进行光热转换的太阳能热水系统以及进行光电转换的太阳能发电系统等。
在这些常见的太阳能系统中,其能量转换器件,例如太阳能真空管(Solar vacuum tube)或光伏板(Photovoltaic panel)等,一般直接面对太阳光,其自身的工作表面的面积就是能够接收到太阳光的最大面积,这使得传统太阳能系统收集到的能量十分有限,并且光伏板面越大,成本也越高。
为提高收集太阳能的能力,出现了聚光式太阳能系统,例如公布号为CN101640502A的中国专利申请所公开的《用于组装聚光器光电太阳能电池阵列的方法》,其通过透镜将太阳光聚焦在光伏板上,使得较小面积的光伏板能够得到来自较大面积的透镜所汇聚的太阳光。
但是,现有聚光透镜的使用方式受到很多安装条件的限制,导致性价比不高。为能够更好地利用有限的空间并降低成本,仍希望发展能够大面积使用且易于安装和维护的太阳能系统。
发明内容
依据本发明提供一种表面太阳能系统,包括聚光覆板,光伏板和支撑部件;其中,聚光覆板由两个以上聚光模块按照预设图案拼接而成;每个聚光模块包括聚光透镜和用于支撑聚光透镜的底座,聚光透镜包括至少一个齿面,聚光透镜和底座相邻近的面中的一者为反射面,该反射面沿太阳光入射的方向设置于齿面的下方;光伏板具有能够吸收太阳光的至少一个感光面,其朝向聚光覆板设置;支撑部件用于将光伏板支撑在聚光覆板的上方且基本位于聚光覆板的聚焦位置。
依据本发明的表面太阳能系统使用多个反射式聚光模块拼接成聚光覆板,使得该太阳能系统易于大面积安装;反射面位于聚光模块内部,不易损坏,具有更好地耐久性;光伏板支撑在聚光覆板的上方,不仅不易损坏,且便于安装,维护和更新。由于聚光覆板的成本比光伏板的成本低得多,因此本发明用大面积低成本的聚光覆板来增加聚光面积,使得高成本的光伏板的面积可以缩小,不仅提高了太阳能的利用效率,也大幅降低了太阳能系统的成本。
以下结合附图,对依据本发明的具体示例进行详细说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明中聚光覆板上的多个菲涅尔单元的布置方式示意图;
图2是本发明中的一种菲涅尔式反射透镜的示意图;
图3是本发明中的聚光模块的几种示例的结构示意图;
图4是依据本发明的表面太阳能系统的基本结构示意图;
图5是实施例1的表面太阳能系统的示意图;
图6是实施例2的表面太阳能系统的示意图;
图7是实施例3的表面太阳能系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
依据本发明的表面太阳能系统中使用了菲涅尔透镜,为便于理解,以下先对相关概念进行介绍。
菲涅尔(Fresnel)透镜是一种薄型透镜。通过将普通透镜连续的原始曲面分割成若干段,在减少每段的厚度后将各段曲面置于同一平面或同一基本光滑的曲面上即形成为菲涅尔透镜。这种由原始曲面演变而来的不连续的折射面可称为菲涅尔折射面,一般呈阶梯状或齿状。理论上菲涅尔折射面与相应的原始曲面相比具有近似的光学性能,但厚度却大为减少。可以将由一个原始曲面(或原始曲面的一部分)生成的菲涅尔折射面称为一个菲涅尔单元。
传统的用于生成菲涅尔折射面的原始曲面一般为绕光轴对称的曲面,例如球面、旋转抛物面等旋转曲面。传统的原始曲面的焦点在一个点上,因此,可称为“共点面”。在本发明中,原始曲面可以是任何形式的共轴面,可根据应用的需要具体设置。所称共轴面是指焦点在同一直线上(而不一定是在同一个点上)的曲面,该直线可称为“共轴线”。传统的共点面可视为共轴面的共轴线退化为一个点时的特例。采用共轴但不共点的原始曲面,可以将用于设置在聚焦位置的感应元件从较小的面积(对应于焦点)扩展为长条形(对应于由焦点组成的共轴线),从而在不显著增加成本的情况下,提升信号收集的能力并有助于解决局部过热问题。典型的共轴面包括旋转曲面(含二次或高阶旋转曲面)、柱面、锥面等。其中柱面又可称为等截面共轴面,这种曲面沿着共轴线的垂直方向在任何一点切开,所得到的横截面的形状和大小都是一致的,圆柱面是柱面的一种特例。锥面沿着共轴线的横截面则具有相似的形状但大小不同,圆锥面是锥面的一种特例。
由一个或多个菲涅尔单元组成的宏观折射面可称为齿面,与之相对的基本光滑或平坦的面则可称为背面。可将只含有一个菲涅尔单元的齿面称为“简单菲涅尔折射面”,而将含有两个以上菲涅尔单元的齿面称为“复合菲涅尔折射面”。一般而言,复合菲涅尔折射面上各个菲涅尔单元的基本参数(例如,面积、焦距、所对应的原始曲面的形状、分割原始曲面所使用的同心环的数量等)均可以灵活布置,可以完全相同、部分相同或完全不同。在一种实施方式中,复合菲涅尔折射面上的每个菲涅尔单元各自有自己的光学中心,但焦点落在同一个点,或者一条直线,或者一个有限的区域内。这可以通过对构成该复合菲涅尔折射面的每个菲涅尔单元进行空间布置来实现。图1显示了几种典型的复合菲涅尔折射面中菲涅尔单元的布置方式,其中,图1(a)为圆对称的布置方式,形成为同心圆图案,图1(b)为行列式的布置方式,形成为方阵图案,图1(c)为蜂窝式的布置方式,形成为蜂窝图案。可以认为这些菲涅尔单元被布置在一个宏观曲面上,例如平面、二次曲面(包括球面、椭球面、圆柱面、抛物柱面、双曲柱面)、高阶多项式曲面(非球面的通常实现方式)、以及由多个平面拼接成的折面以及梯台面等。
一般而言,齿面和背面可以灵活地组合以形成不同类型的元件。例如具有一个齿面和一个背面的菲涅尔透镜可称为“单面菲涅尔透镜”,进一步的,若齿面为“简单菲涅尔折射面”,则透镜为“单面简单菲涅尔透镜”,若齿面为“复合菲涅尔折射面”,则透镜为“单面复合菲涅尔透镜”。两面都是齿面的菲涅尔透镜可称为“双面菲涅尔透镜”,并同样可根据齿面的类型进一步分为“双面简单菲涅尔透镜”和“双面复合菲涅尔透镜”。若双面菲涅尔透镜的一个齿面为简单菲涅尔折射面,而另一个齿面为复合菲涅尔折射面,则可称为“双面混合菲涅尔透镜”。此外,作为一种变形,在双面菲涅尔透镜中,若齿面之一为“简单菲涅尔折射面”,则该齿面可以由一个传统的凸透镜面或凹透镜面来取代。
本发明中,聚光覆板由聚光模块按照预设图案拼接而成,例如图1所示的图案,每个聚光模块中含有一个齿面和一个反射面,拼接成的聚光覆板的整个齿面可以是一个“复合菲涅尔折射面”,各个聚光模块分别包含其中的一部分。例如,在一种实施方式中,每个聚光模块分别包含一个由单个原始曲面生成的简单菲涅尔单元,这会降低聚光模块的制作难度,也便于大面积安装。在另一种实施方式中,聚光模块可包含复合菲涅尔折射面,再彼此拼接成更大面积的齿面。在又一种实施方式中,聚光模块仅包含一个菲涅尔单元,且该菲涅尔单元来自于单个原始曲面的一部分,多个聚光模块拼接以获得完整原始曲面所对应的齿面。聚光覆板的整个齿面的图案、宏观曲面形状以及聚光模块的分割方式,可根据所期望的光学参数来设计,例如可根据期望的焦距、覆盖面积等进行设计。
聚光模块中的反射面可以是平面反射面或曲面反射面,例如凹面或凸面反射面,还可以是齿面形状的反射面,反射面沿太阳光入射的方向设置于齿面的下方。齿面与反射面的结合可以被等效地视为菲涅尔式反射透镜(所称反射透镜指一面具有反射镀膜的透镜),参考图2。图2中,元件L1具有反射面s3和菲涅尔折射面s4,光线从折射面折射进入透镜后再由反射面反射,并再次经过折射面折射出元件。由于反射,入射光路两次经过物理折射界面s4,该物理界面实际上等效于两个齿面,因此通过设置反射面,能够有利地增强系统的会聚效果。
在具体实现时,聚光模块可包括两个部分,即聚光透镜和支撑该聚光透镜的底座。聚光透镜包括至少一个齿面,聚光透镜和底座相邻近的面中的一者为反射面。换言之,反射面与齿面可以设置于同一元件,例如通过在菲涅尔透镜的背面上镀反射膜来实现;反射面与齿面也可以分别设置在不同的元件,例如,在底座朝向聚光透镜的面上设置反光板或者镀反射膜。
作为示例,以下介绍几种聚光模块的结构:
参考图3(a),是一种简易型的聚光模块,包括聚光透镜L31和底座B31。聚光透镜具有两个聚光折射面,凸面31a(作为背面)和齿面31b。底座的上表面31c具有反射镀膜以充当反射面。聚光透镜齿面向下直接放置在底座的反射镀膜上,聚光透镜和底座之间具有空隙x1。本例的聚光模块结构简单,能够低成本实现;聚光透镜齿面向下能够有效保护齿面,避免积累灰尘,保持其光学性能;聚光透镜具有两个聚光折射面,有更好的聚光效果,能够降低系统的综合焦距。不过由于聚光透镜与底座之间有空隙,因此本例聚光模块不宜承受压力,较适于安装在屋顶等位置。在其他实施方式中,聚光透镜也可以采用齿面向上而背面紧贴底座的上表面的放置方式,反射面可设置在聚光透镜背面或底座的上表面,参考图2。
参考图3(b),是一种填充型的聚光模块,包括聚光透镜L32和底座B32。聚光透镜具有两个折射面,凹面32a(作为背面)和齿面32b。底座的上表面32c具有反射镀膜以充当反射面。聚光透镜齿面向下但与底座不接触,聚光透镜和底座之间具有较大的空隙x2,其中填充有透明填充物,例如压缩气体或透明液体(例如水)。本例的聚光模块具有良好的抗压性和耐久性,可用于地面铺设,例如人行道、球场观众席、阳台地面等;聚光透镜上表面的凹面可能是初始设计为凹面,也可能是经过长期承压使用后被压弯形成的凹面,但是齿面以及反射镜面均保护在模块内部,因此不易在压力下受损。
参考图3(c),是另一种填充型的聚光模块,包括聚光透镜L33和底座B33。本例与图3(b)类似,区别在于聚光透镜的背面33a为平面,只有齿面33b一个聚光折射面,并且底座的上表面33c(反射面)为斜面,不与聚光模块的外表面平行。这种模块可以用于拼接在远离系统的中心的地面,通过倾斜的反射面来改善系统的聚焦能力。
参考图3(d),是另一种填充型的聚光模块,包括聚光透镜L34和底座B34。本例与图3(c)类似,区别在于底座的上表面34c(反射面)为凹面。这种模块可以具有增强的聚焦能力,使得焦距缩短。与图3(a)增强聚光效果的结构相比,本例在抗压性和耐久性方面具有更大的优势。
参考图3(e),是一种互补型的聚光模块,包括聚光透镜L35和底座B35。聚光透镜的背面35a为平面,其齿面35b与底座的上表面35c形状互补紧密贴合,且两者之一上镀有反射膜以充当反射面。由于聚光透镜与底座紧密贴合,因此,聚光透镜可采用较硬的透光材料制作,底座可采用较软的塑胶材料制作。本例聚光模块能够承受较高的压力而不变形,适用于路面,例如城市道路或高速公路。对于其他结构的聚光模块而言,由于聚光透镜需要保持光学参数的稳定性,同样可优选采用硬质透明材料压制而成,而底座主要起到支撑和承压的作用,同样可优选采用弹性材料压制而成,例如较为柔软的橡胶或塑胶。
作为一种优选的实施方式,聚光模块中的反射面可由导电材料制成,例如采用金属镀膜,聚光模块周边设置与反射面电连接的导电接口,拼接在一起的聚光模块之间通过导电接口以串联或并联的方式连通,并通过例如双向交流逆变器外接至外部电网。这种情况下,太阳能系统中还可包括温度控制器,用于在环境温度低于预设温度时,启动对聚光模块的供电以对其进行加热。简明起见,仅在图3(e)中示例性地绘出了导电接口35d以及用于连接模块之间的导电接口的导电插销35e,通过将插销两头分别插入两个相邻模块的导电接口中实现两个模块之间的电连接。上述导电连接结构同样可用于其它结构的聚光模块,需要注意的是,导电连接结构在应用于填充型的聚光模块时,要注意填充物的密闭,避免泄漏。通过温度控制器实现的对聚光模块的反向供电,能够在寒冷天气时对聚光覆板的铺设处(例如屋顶或路面)进行加热,使得聚光覆板具有一定的抗冰、抗雪能力,更适宜寒冷地区使用。
此外,在应用于地面或道路铺设时,聚光模块的表面优选具有防滑结构。例如,在聚光模块的表面(通常为聚光透镜的背面)设置凸点、防滑花纹,替代地或同时地,在模块之间的拼接处设置橡胶等防滑材料,并使防滑材料的高度略突出于聚光模块的表面。
依据本发明的表面太阳能系统的基本结构可参考图4,包括聚光覆板p1,光伏板p2和支撑部件p3。聚光覆板可根据实际应用场景的需要(例如耐压性,低温适应能力等)选择各种形式的聚光模块进行拼接来形成,包括但不限于前述列举的几种聚光模块。可以将聚光模块视为包含透镜和底座两个部分的“太阳能砖块”,将这些砖块按照一定图案铺设即形成为大面积的聚光覆板,对照射其上的太阳光进行反射式聚光。光伏板具有能够吸收太阳光的至少一个感光面s5,其朝向聚光覆板设置。支撑部件用于将光伏板支撑在聚光覆板的上方。光伏板可以设置在聚焦后的光线的通路上,优选地,可基本位于聚光覆板的聚焦位置,该聚焦位置是由拼接成聚光覆板的聚光模块中的齿面和反射面综合确定的。一般而言,聚焦位置是圆盘状或条带状的小区域,光伏板位于该区域附近即可接收到经过会聚而能量密度增加的太阳光。
作为一种优选的实施方式,光伏板p2可采用双面光伏板,用于从正面s5和反面s6两个方向吸收入射的太阳光,一种简单的做法是,将两个单面光伏板背靠背叠放以获得双面光伏板,当然,也可以直接制作具有双面吸光能力的光伏器件。采用双面光伏板使得一方面光伏板的正面可以吸收经由会聚系统会聚的太阳光,另一方面其反面也可以吸收直接照射(或经由其他聚光透镜会聚)的太阳光,这使得在相同的空间尺寸下,光伏板吸收和利用太阳能的能力得到了有效提升。
以下结合具体的应用场景对依据本发明的表面太阳能系统的几种使用形态进行举例说明。
实施例1
依据本发明的表面太阳能系统的一种实施方式可参考图5,包括聚光覆板110,双面光伏板112,支撑部件113。
聚光覆板由聚光模块111按照图1(a)所示的图案拼接而成。聚光模块可采用图3中的任何一种结构。双面光伏板由支撑部件支撑在聚光覆板的中心位置上方。为进一步提高双面光伏板利用太阳能的效率,本实施例中还包括顶部聚光透镜114,沿太阳光入射的方向设置于双面光伏板的上方。顶部聚光透镜优选采用简单菲涅尔透镜或复合菲涅尔透镜。
本实施例表面太阳能系统的聚光覆板可以铺设在各种地面上,例如庭院,建筑楼顶地面,停车场的空闲地面,电线杆或路灯杆下方的地面,以及其他任意空闲区域的地面等,使得本实施例表面太阳能系统成为家庭式太阳能发电站,或者应用于停车场、高速公路休息站等的太阳能发电系统等,以提供大量的清洁能源。支撑部件可结合建设区域的情况进行设置,例如,可以采用已有的电线杆或路灯杆作为支撑部件。
为更好地存储和利用由太阳能转换得到的电能,本实施例中还包含以下列出的附加元件,在其他实施方式中,可以根据应用的需要选择性地只包含其中的一种或几种。
能量存储器115,与光伏板112电连接,用于储存电能。能量存储器可选自超级电容、可充电电池和空气压缩机;
交流逆变器116,与能量存储器电连接(在其他实施方式中,也可以直接与光伏板电连接),用于将其电力输出连接至连网开关柜117。连网开关柜与外部交流电网118相连,使得太阳能系统产生的电能可以并入到外部电网中;交流逆变器还可以外接交流接线板119,以便于直接向用户提供交流输出;
直流电压输出装置120,与能量存储器电连接(在其他实施方式中,也可以直接与光伏板电连接),用于输出直流电压,以便于用户使用,输出装置输出的直流电压例如可包括12V、9V、5V、3V、1.5V等;
状态指示器121,用于检测并显示系统的运行参数,这些运行参数可以是电压、电流、功率、温度等,以便于用户掌握太阳能系统的运行状况;可通过设置与所需要的参数类型对应的检测器件来获得这些参数,例如温度探头等。
实施例2
依据本发明的表面太阳能系统的另一种实施方式可参考图6,包括聚光覆板210,光伏板212,支撑部件213。
本实施例表面太阳能系统的聚光覆板铺设在建筑的窗台上或阳台地面上(聚光模块可采用各种适宜的结构,不再赘述),由建筑的墙壁充当支撑部件,光伏板设置在墙角以及屋檐下。太阳光穿过阳台的栏杆或者透明隔断照射在阳台地面上,经由聚光覆板会聚后被光伏板所吸收。本实施例的系统布置方式既不占用空间也能够保障设施的安全。
为更充分地利用太阳能,本实施例中还进一步设置了热水器222,光伏板212作为热源以热传导的方式被热水器包裹,例如通过导热材质与热水器紧密接触以进行热交换,使得光伏板产生的热能也能充分被利用。本实施例太阳能系统的周边元件可参考前述实施例,不再赘述。
实施例3
依据本发明的表面太阳能系统的另一种实施方式可参考图7,包括聚光覆板310,双面光伏板312,支撑部件313。清楚起见,图中将双面光伏板与支撑部件分离开来绘制,实际上,双面光伏板支撑在支撑部件顶端,支撑部件可以是支架或者支柱等建筑构件。双面光伏板上方可进一步安装顶部聚光透镜(未图示)。
本实施例表面太阳能系统的聚光覆板铺设在球场的观众席上,聚光模块可采用图4(b)~(e)所示的结构。由于铺设面积较大,可选择图1(b)或(c)所示的图案。本实施例的系统布置方式也适合于铺设其他大面积太阳能系统,例如可用于铺设位于公路的应急车道、水面(人工岛)等的大面积太阳能系统,聚光覆板的整体形状可随铺设场地的变化而变化,在用于需要较大载重量的应用场景时,可优选采用图4(e)所示的聚光模块。
作为一种优选的实施方式,当使用的聚光模块具有加热功能且已经彼此导电连接,则系统中可包含温度控制器323,使得本实施例太阳能系统具有一定的抗雪、抗冰的能力。本实施例中的其他周边部件,例如,能量存储器315,交流逆变器316,连网开关柜317,外部交流电网318交流接线板319及状态指示器321等,可参考实施例1,不再赘述。
以上应用具体示例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,应该理解,以上实施方式只是用于帮助理解本发明,而不应理解为对本发明的限制。对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本发明的思想,可以对上述具体实施方式进行变化。例如,将上述实施例中的反射面设置在屋顶、地面\路面、水面、窗户,则相应的太阳能系统就成为太阳能屋顶,地面/路面太阳能系统,太阳能人工岛、太阳能窗户。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种表面太阳能系统,其特征在于,包括,
    聚光覆板(p1),由两个以上聚光模块按照预设图案拼接而成,每个聚光模块包括聚光透镜和用于支撑所述聚光透镜的底座,所述聚光透镜包括至少一个齿面,所述聚光透镜和底座相邻近的面中的一者为反射面,所述反射面沿太阳光入射的方向设置于所述齿面的下方,
    光伏板(p2),具有能够吸收太阳光的至少一个感光面,所述至少一个感光面朝向所述聚光覆板设置,
    支撑部件(p3),用于将所述光伏板支撑在所述聚光覆板的上方且基本位于所述聚光覆板的聚焦位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,所述预设图案选自同心圆图案,方阵图案和蜂窝图案。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,所述聚光透镜为单面简单菲涅尔透镜或单面复合菲涅尔透镜,所述齿面的宏观曲面的形状为圆周对称面或共轴面。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,
    所述聚光透镜齿面向上,背面紧贴所述底座的上表面,所述聚光透镜的背面选自平面,凹面和凸面;或者,
    所述聚光透镜齿面向下,与底座的上表面直接接触,所述聚光透镜的背面选自平面,凹面和凸面;或者,
    所述聚光透镜齿面向下,与底座不接触,二者之间的空隙中填充有透明填充物,所述透明填充物选自压缩气体和透明液体,所述聚光透镜的背面选自平面,凹面和凸面。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,所述反射面设置于所述底座的上表面,所述底座的上表面选自平面、斜面、凹面和凸面。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,所述聚光透镜齿面向下,与底座的上表面形状互补紧密贴合。
  7. 如权利要求1~6任意一项所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,所述聚光透镜采用硬质透明材料压制而成,所述底座采用弹性材料压制而成。
  8. 如权利要求1~7任意一项所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,所述反射面由导电材料制成,所述聚光模块周边设置有与所述反射面电连接的导电接口,拼接在一起的聚光模块之间通过所述导电接口以串联或并联的方式连通,并外接至外部电网,
    所述系统还包括温度控制器,用于在环境温度低于预设温度时,启动对聚光模块的供电以对其进行加热。
  9. 如权利要求1~8任意一项所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,所述聚光模块的表面具有防滑结构,所述防滑结构选自:设置在表面上的凸点,设置在表面上的防滑花纹,设置在模块之间的拼接处的防滑材料,所述防滑材料的高度突出于所述聚光模块的表面。
  10. 如权利要求1~9任意一项所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,还包括以下元件中的一种或多种:
    能量存储器,与所述光伏板电连接,用于储存电能,所述能量存储器选自超级电容、可充电电池和空气压缩机;
    交流逆变器,与所述光伏板电连接,用于将其电力输出连接至连网开关柜;
    直流电压输出装置,与所述光伏板电连接,用于输出直流电压;
    状态指示器,用于检测并显示系统的运行参数,所述运行参数选自电压、电流、功率、温度。
  11. 如权利要求1~10任意一项所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,所述光伏板为双面光伏板,所述双面光伏板用于从正面和反面两个方向吸收入射的太阳光。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,还包括顶部聚光透镜,沿太阳光入射的方向设置于所述双面光伏板的上方,所述顶部聚光透镜为简单菲涅尔透镜或复合菲涅尔透镜。
  13. 如权利要求1~12任意一项所述的太阳能系统,其特征在于,所述聚光覆板用于铺设于屋顶,或者地面,或者水面,或者窗户。
PCT/CN2015/073626 2015-03-04 2015-03-04 表面太阳能系统 WO2016138642A1 (zh)

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